基于经济学原理的雾霾成因分析

基于经济学原理的雾霾成因分析
基于经济学原理的雾霾成因分析

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基于经济学原理的雾霾成因分析

作者:钟瑶

来源:《中国市场》2017年第18期

[摘要]近年来,我国雾霾天气的大面积爆发已经严重制约着社会生产的发展和居民的正常生活。“雾霾”聚焦了社会各界的关注,深入研究雾霾成因并为雾霾治理及防控提出有效措施成为了众多学者的研究重点。文章结合宏、微观层面的经济学原理探讨雾霾的四大成因:能源结构不合理、生产的外部不经济、石化行业的垄断弊端和政府干预的局限性,并为雾霾治理提出了相关政策建议。

[关键词]雾霾;经济学原理;雾霾治理

[DOI]1013939/jcnkizgsc201718310

雾霾,是雾和霾的结合体,其主要成分为硫氧化合物、氮氧化物和PM25。随着我国以粗放式生产模式的工业化与城市化进程的推进,带来了资源与生态环境的严重破坏和自然环境的超负荷运转。当前,雾霾大面积频繁爆发、空气污染程度加大,受到了社会各界的高度关注与重视。2016年,雾霾天气的高频爆发仍旧严重影响着京津冀地区及周边城市,衡水市、北京市、天津市雾霾持续时间分别长达209天、168天、140天。雾霾天气的特点在于长时间内大范围地严重地影响着社会生产的开展,威胁着广大居民正常的生活秩序和身体健康,因此,治理雾霾已刻不容缓,亟须探寻出雾霾深层次成因并制定治理对策。

1相关研究现状

雾霾天气的出现与频繁爆发,广泛引起了国内诸多学者从不同的视角对其成因、作用机理及治理措施展开研究与探讨。白洋、刘晓源(2013)[1]从法律角度进行思考,认为我国雾霾

防治法律以“目的二元论”为核心的立法理念较为落后,政府执法不严且公众及企业缺乏社会责任意识,对于PM25和机动车尾气的排放的法制监管尚不完善;潘本锋等(2013)[2]从自然科学的角度分析出雾霾天气受影响于气象与环境两方面的要素,通过回归分析可知:雾霾爆发概率与大气相对湿度、昼夜温差及PM25质量浓度呈负相关,而与风速呈正相关;柳玉清(2014)[3]从生态哲学的视角指出雾霾成因的关键在于环境的价值逐渐被人们忽略,只有形

成和谐统一的生态自然观,正确看待人与自然的联系与矛盾,才能有效地抑制雾霾恶化;孟兆佳,岳晓宁等(2015)[4]运用计量方法分析雾霾问题,建立了多层回归模型利用多传感器数

据测量雾霾成因并对其进行量化。赵敏等(2015)[5]从区域-能源消费视角以我国中东部地区为例,指出以煤炭能源为主的能源消费结构是造成雾霾多发的根源,并强调各地区应当加强监管,共同协定商议解决措施。

然而,当前以经济学视角来剖析雾霾成因与治理措施的研究不多,本文融入了更为深层次的宏微观经济学原理,对雾霾成因及治理进行研究。

邢台市雾霾天气成因及治理措施研究

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雾霾天气的成因及其治理措施

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有关雾霾的英语作文

Recently,the topic of air pollution has aroused more and more attention since pollution haze,a kind of weather,has appeared frequently in our cities.Just as the picture showed,when pollution haze comes,the whole city was covered with suspended particles(悬浮颗粒)which can breath into our body causing heavy problem to our health. Haze is air pollution which is mixed up with dust,smoke and other dry particles ,and it obscure(掩盖)the clarity of the sky and interacts (互相影响)with the natural environment.This kind of air pollutant come from a variety of natural and manmade sources(人为来源). Natural sources can include windblown dust(风尘),and soot (灰)from wildfires. Manmade sources can include motor vehicles(机动车辆),and industrial fuel(工业染料)burning. The one of the main cause that touches off haze is manufacturing operations.(制造业务). Many factories were over measure produced the smog that had over the standard and the smog seriously influence the air become air pollution. Last year several places in china were blanketed with(覆盖着)thick fog. Everything around disappeared from our sight. Some highways were closed. Traffic jams were commonly seen in the streets. Many people, especially children and seniors, even found it difficult to breathe. As a result, local hospitals were crowded with people who had problems with their noses and lungs. Part of the cause was the dry weather, but the severely damaged environment contributed a lot to this nightmare.

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雾霾新闻(英文版)

China Environmentalists Slam Inaction over Smog 2013-12-09 19:24:42 Xinhua Web Editor: Xing Yihang The smog that blanketed over 100 cities in half of China last week has rekindled 重新点燃criticism of insufficient efforts in the fight against air pollution. Among urban residents, severely polluted air has become a main source of complaints and frustration over health concerns. Late last week, the Air Quality Index (AQI) in dozens of cities in eastern China topped or neared 500. AQI of over 300 cities is defined as "serious pollution." Many rushed to buy face masks and air purifiers to ward off 避开,挡住the choking smog, a result of decades of breakneck economic growth. The dirty air even forced all primary and middle schools in the eastern city of Nanjing to close for two days. "The smog is everywhere," said Xiong Yuehui, head of the science and technology department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, at a meeting on Sunday in Shanghai. "If one place is

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The cause of the haze雾霾原因(英语)

The cause of the haze There are many reasons for the formation of haze, among them, as far as I'm concerned, there are five cases playing more important roles than others. First of all, the atmospheric air pressure is low and the air doesn’t flow, so that the small particles in the air are all accumulated, and then they will be floating in the air. This is the main factor of all. Second, there are a lot of dust on the ground and the air humidity is low, people and traffic flow make the dust stirred up. Third, automobile exhaust is the main pollutant emissions, in recent years, since the number of the cars has increased largely in the city , automobile exhaust emission is gradually becoming one of the main factors in the formation of haze. The fourth reason lies in those factories which produce pollution. At last, winter heating has increased CO2 emissions and other pollutants. In most northern cities, the winter heating is inevitable, for which we are obliged to burn more fuel. As we all know,the energy we used mainly derived from non-renewable resources such as oil, coal and natural gas. Burning coal will lead to air pollution and endanger public health. the situation in some northeastern cities is even worse , where people have to suffer from serious haze problem.

最新北京治理雾霾的措施.doc

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水中时,可在出气管道口安装分散空气流的网状结构,以使空气充分与水结合。达到过滤的目的。 3、也可以采用如下图所示的智能方案(能源可以改用民用电)。

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华 中 师 范 大 学 研 究 生 课 程 论 文 论文题目 雾霾的形成原因与防控措施研究 完成时间 2014月5月24日 课程名称 自然灾害预测、防止与风险评估 专 业 农业推广 年 级 2012级 成 绩 评卷人 姓 名 邬华强 学 号 2012124085

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雾霾 英文介绍

Hello,everyone Good morning!My name is Xiao Weihong,I’m from Sichuan province.And today,my topic is Fog and haze.This is my name,and this is my student number. From this you can know that my topic is about 5 parts,and now,we look at the first part--Definition.Long long ago,we climb with our hands,as time goes by,We are walking upright.But the environment turns bad,we live in a world which is full of poison.In recent years, air pollution has already become one of the biggest environmental problems in China. Thick haze has blown off the coastal areas.So,what is haze?It’s a combination of little drops of water and tiny particles. For better understanding of this noun.Now,we should know another word--PM.It means particulate matter.It also means a small discrete[d?'skrit](离散的) mass of solid or liquid matter.So,we can easily know what is PM2.5.It means particles can be drawn into lung[l??], which diameter is less than 2.5 micron.We often pay our attention to PM2.5,because the number of 2.5 is very important ,if the diameter of particle is bigger than 2.5 micron,it will be stopped by our nose and will not go into our lung. But if the size of particle is less than 2.5 micron.It harms us most. So, wether['w?e?] our weather['w?e?] is good is determined by the number of PM2.5.Look at this picture,if the number of PM2.5 of per unit volume is less than 50,we say the air quality is good.if the number is between 50 to 100,we say the air quality is moderate.But if the number is between 151 to 200,we call it unhealthy.and if the number is above 300,we think it horrible.As we know,many places of China is even above 400.So,it’s very dangerous. Now,let’s look a historical event.London smog!Let’s know about it.First,we watch a short video.(I don’t know wether the computer can paly i t) Ok,from this short video we can see a black world full of smog.So,what happened in London?In 1952, London smog happened,and it lead to 12000 people died directly or indirectly.In 1954 ,London launched a special act of pollution.After 4 years later,smog happened again,and 1200 people dead.Only after 1965,the toxic smoke was vanished.In 1968,Britain enacted the Clean Air Act.And until 1980, the fog day has been reduced to five days one year.It took about 30 years to solve the problem.So,from this accident,we know thatonce the fog happened, it will be hard to solve it. How about our situation?First,Let’s look some pictures.There’re two contrast figures.The upper left corner is a picture of beautiful scenery,it’s clear,but the one at the lower left corner looks terrible.And the top right one is the map of our country which looks pretty,but from this one we can see nothing except haze.How about this one?Oh,it’s a man who wears a respirator['r?sp?ret?] is riding a bike in the endless smog.And again,this picture tells us a man is riding a bike in the road.It’s dangerous because it’s hard to see far. The last one,it looks beautiful in some degree.But like mushrooms,the more beautiful the more toxic it is.In fact,it’s very terrible. So,what situation caused ?These our several country to be are this we reasons

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摘要:当前,环境问题已成为世界各国关注的焦点。中国自改革开放以来,经济发展迅速,特别是进入2l世纪以来,中国GDP增长率已连续数年超过了10%。但经济的突飞也给环境带来了严竣的挑战,除了水环境的恶化外,大气的污染状况也不容忽视。尤其是近期中国多个城市陷入了大范围、长时间的雾霾天气,给国民的生活、生产带来了极大的不便,本文就雾霾的形成、危害,浅谈对其的认识及其相关的控制措施的建议等。 关键词:大气污染;雾霾;形成原因;危害;措施 从2013年1月9日以来,全国中东部地区陷入严重的雾霾和污染天中,中央气象台将大雾蓝色预警升级至黄色预警,13日10 时北京甚至发布了北京气象史上首个霾橙色预警。这种雾疆天气造成多地交通事故频发:汽车相撞、轮船追尾、航班延误;更严重的是雾霾给人体健康造成了危害,如引发呼吸道疾病、心理抑郁等。一时间,雾霾[1][2]、口罩[3]、PM2.5,成为人们热议的话题。想要了解雾霾天气形成的原因,首先要了解什么是雾霾。 1.何谓雾霾天气 随着空气质量的恶化,阴霾天气现象出现增多,危害加重。中国不少地区把阴霾天气现象并入雾一起作为灾害性天气预警预报。统称为“雾霾天气”[4]。雾和霾同是视程障碍物,但并非同一回事[5]。雾是由大量悬浮在近地面空气中的微小水滴或冰晶组成的气溶胶系统,是近地面层李气中水汽凝结(或凝华)的产物。雾的存在会降低空气透明度,使能见度恶化,如果月标物的水平能见度降低到1000 m以内,就将悬浮在近地面空气中的水汽凝结(或凝华) 物的天气现象称为雾(Fog);而将目标物的水平能见度在1000~ 10000 m的这种现象称为轻雾或霭(Mist)。形成雾时大气湿度应该是饱和的(如有大量凝结核存在时,相对湿度不一定达到100%就能出现饱和。霾:也称灰霾(烟霞)空气中的灰尘、硫酸、硝酸、有机碳氢化合物等粒子也能使大气混浊,视野模糊并导致能见度恶化,如果水平能见度小于10000 m时,将这种非水成物组成的气溶胶系统造成的视程障碍称为霾(Haze)或灰霾(Dust— haze),香港天文台称烟霞(Haze)。出现霾时空气相对十燥,空气相对湿度通常在60%以下。随着空气质量的恶化,阴霾天气现

英语作文:雾霾天气

假如你是李华,你的英国笔友Bill来信询问你家乡是否有雾霾天气,情况如何。请按下面写一封电子邮件 1。感谢他得关心,2。介绍情况:(1)去年以来以发生数次雾霾天气(2)人们已认识到雾霾天气的危害,正采取各种举措减少其发生(3)你自己为此做了什么或打算做什么要求150--200词 Dear Bill, I’m glad to receive your letter, thank you for your caring for the weather and my health. Now I’d like to tell you something about the smog. Since the winter last year, the smog has occurred a lot of times. it has done great harm to our daily life. many traffic accidents happened just because of the heavy smog weather, more and more people have to go to see the doctor because the serious disease caused by the smog, quite a lot of flights have to be put off, a great number of people have to stay at home for fear of the poisonous air caused by the smog. People have realized the great harm caused by the smog and the importance of protecting the environment. people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the smog weather. the government suggests people go to work or school with the public traffic, such as the bus and the underground. Also we should plant more trees. According to me, I will go to school by bike or on foot, and I won’t throw the waste anywhere. in addition, I will tell the people I meet to protect the environment as possible as they can. would you like to tell me some good ideas? I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua Pollution Haze Recently, the topic of air pollution has again aroused more and more attention since pollution haze, a kind of weather, has appeared increasing frequently in our cities. Just as the picture showed, when pollution haze comes, the whole city was covered with suspended particles which can breath into our body causing heavy problem to our health. Due to the bad effect from pollution haze, a green and clear environment, rather than anything else, turns to be an important role and a urgent issue in our daily lives. Meanwhile we just live in only an earth, if we didn’t try to protect our co mmon hometown, we would have no place to settle. Thus, we should take effective measures to rebuild our beautiful environment of the cities from now on. In my opinion, law and regulations should be enforced by the government and authorities to control the emission of polluting gas. To ourselves, we should enhance the awareness of environment protection and choose a green lifestyle to make contribution to our earth day from day.

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