机器视觉论文(英文)

ATypical applications for machinevision(Liu Zuochu,School of Information and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology ,Mianyang, China) Abstract:This paper mainly describes the typical application of the machine vision, and it briefly analyses machine vision features, advantages and application of classification,and particularly introduces the application of machine vision technology in the printing industry, agriculture, industry, medical.The birth and application of machine vision in theory and practice are of great significance.Keyword:machine vision; label detection; character recognition; fruit quality grading; defect detectionI、INTRODUCTIONIn modern automated production process, the machine vision system has been widely used in condition monitoring, product testing and quality control and other fields.The character of machine vision system is that it can increase production flexibility and automation.In some hazardous environment that is not suitable for manual operation or it's difficult to meet the requirement for artificial vision,it's commonly used machine vision to replace the artificial vision..At the same time,in the process of mass industrial production, an artificial visual inspection of product quality always has low efficiency and low accuracy.But with machine vision inspection method can greatly improve production efficiency and the degree of automation. And it is the basis technology to achieve computer integrated manufacturing. With the development and maturity of machine vision,there is no doubt that it will be widely used in various industries in the modern and future.Machine vision applications are as follows:1) Textile and Clothing* yarn break detection:* Weaving and dyeing test* cloth, leather, shape detection2) Food and Food* Grain foreign body detection, sorting and color selection* Drink liquids detection* production date, shelf life character recognition* empty bottle filling line breakage, clean testSpecial Inspection* Wear and breakage detection cable* Vessel and piping Inspection* Speed test rides* Detection of dangerous equipment online4) Packaging* the appearance of integrity test* Barcode* tightness testing5) machinery manufacturing* Dimension detection components* assembly integrity test* Part of the orientation and gesture recognition* parts, engines, chassis number of the same color concave character recognition6) Post sorting* Postal Code Recognition* test package items7) The Customs and ports* fingerprint, palm prints, iris and face recognition* identification of goods* Detection of security of dangerous goodsIn addition, machine vision is also widely used in integrated circuit testing,aerospace, military defense, fire and road traffic and so on.II、Application of machine vision technology Machine vision involves artificial intelligence, neurobiology, psychophysics, computer science, image processing, pattern recognition, and other interdisciplinary fields.It is not only an extension of the human eye, more importantly, but also a part of the human brain functions. Machine vision doesn't lead to eye fatigue,and has a higher accuracy and speed than human than human eyes. It uses infrared, ultraviolet, X-ray, ultrasound and other hightech detection technology.It also has its outstanding advantages when in the detection of intangible objects and high risk scenes.Here are some typical examples of machine vision.A .Application in the printing industryCurrently, machine vision has been successfully applied to detect areas of the printing industry and significantly improve product quality and reliability to ensure that the production rate. Test content:1) Check out the overall vague printing bar code label, numbers, letters, bar codes which are not clear;2) Check out the letters on the label, bar code, number one or two is not clear, for example, letters printed unclear, bar code printing fault; printed pattern is the same within a period of time ;3) Check out label size that does not meets the requirement, the standard size is 9 mmX 42 mm;4) The surface of the material has a little reflection, the subject is black and white pattern;5) Speed: 3 ~ 4 piece/ s; label is continuous ,the label interval length is 3 mm; 6) check out and remove inferior;7) The on-line or off-line detection.Figure 1The label printing quality inspection system is made in Xi'an Spring Video Technology Co., Ltd and has been successfully put into use.B. Application in industryCurrently, machine vision has been successfully applied in industrial inspection fields, and greatly improve the productquality and reliability to ensure that the production rate. Such as product packaging, print quality inspection, quality testing beverage containers, beverage filling test, beverage bottles sealed test. Testing of timber, quality testing of semiconductor integrated block package, the volume of steel quality inspection, the key mechanical components and other industrial CT [1]. In the Customs, by using X-ray and machine vision technology ,they could inspect goods out of the box, thereby it greatly increasing the clearance rate, and saving a lot of manpower and material resources. The Print Chao machine made in Nanjing Mint factory is a typical applications for the machine vision used in printing industry.Nanjing Mint is the only Banknote Printing and MintingMachinery Factory, and is a state exclusive control of theimportant enterprises. The development and production of YBW2150 Mint machine process requirements is stringent. To ensure the reliability of each production process, all the products must be 100% tested. In the lately published RMB in the first 5 in October 2000 , the side of one yuan coin produced with high-speed sewing machine, its security features are enhanced . In view of the strict control of the production process requirements, the engineers in Nanjing Mint installed visual inspection system in the final steps in the Mint . The final work preface is press to print to a craft, and itis completely on line. Image detection system is put a higher demand. The first is high speed, it's not only require high-speed CCD camera, but also the image recognition system requires strong computing speed and storage capacity. When the coins fall, the rate is similar to free-fall. The average speed is 10 / s, then the time of each measurement must be less than 100 ms, and taking into account the speed of object motion, high-speed system should be adopted. A new vision test monitoring products named A210 made bypanasnoic, and its time of triggering, image capture and calculate is within the 40 ms, fully meet the requirements. Another is to determine the camera position. As a coin in high-speed operation,in order to accurately capture, there must be synchronize the trigger signal. To this end, it using a high-speed reflective optical fiber sensor. In the aspect of illuminance, in order to weaken the high reflective effect at the LED curved edge of the coin, get a better image quality, it using two sets of ring lamp and a stroboscopic controller with image acquisition. In the multi-research, experimental, installation, after half a year of production validation,it reaching 100% detection rate of defective products. At the end of December 2000, the national Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation carried on consultation to the product and suggested the promotion in the whole industry.C. Application in AgricultureChina is a large agricultural country, is rich in agricultural products, so the automatic grading of agricultural products, the implementation of competitive prices in order to produce better economic returns, has great significance.Such as fruit, according to its color, shape and size parameters eggs, according to its color, weight, shape and size olinf the external characteristics; tobacco, according to its color, shape, line manage,give a comprehensive classification .In addition, in order to improve the quality of processed agricultural products. the bad part of fruits,mixed grain impurities,foreign bodies in tobacco and tea all could be detected and accurately removed by machine vision,With the rapid development of industrialized agriculture, the use of machine vision technology to monitor crop growth conditions, to achieve scientific irrigation and fertilization, is also an important application.Foreign technology has been successfully applied machine vision quality inspection of agricultural products, in particular the detection of fruits,is used the most widely .According to the principle,non-destructive testing can be divided into two kinds. one is given a kind of energy in the outer fruit from the fruit of the energy input and output changes are related to the quality characteristics of fruit;one is give a kind of energy in the outer fruit ,get related quality characteristics from the fruit of the energy input and output changes; Another is through the fruit itself chemiluminescence or infrared radiation energy to determine the quality of fruit. The methods of fruit quality damage detection mainly contain : UV detection, visible light detection, near infrared detection, infrared detection, X-ray and CT detection.At present,the quality detection of the fruit use more manual inspection,it's not only consume time ,inefficient, but also have much more connection with inspector's own technical level and experience, becoming a bottleneck restricting factor in processing efficiency. Fruit inspection using machine vision technology with real-time, objective, no damage, etc., so people of all ages love it .The content of grading fruit is generally divided into two levels,involving a number of physical indicators and chemical indicators. The so-called level of classification is as excellent, good, medium, qualified, substandard, and several other specifications.The evaluation has the appearance of color, luster, the internal sugar content, acidity, flesh firmness, with or without external damage, internal defects, grotesque Etc.; size classification is as large, large, medium and small, too small, and other specifications, the evaluation indicators include diameter, length, thickness, weight and so on. Traditional mechanical classification technology grading based on the size and weight of fruit. Using conveyor belts or conveyor roller holes or gaps on the fruit into a limited number of grades.Such classification methods are usually simple, but the grading may damage fruit because of collision.It's generally used for those not sensitive to mechanical load and the fruit are to be processed further. Foreign countries have progressive developed the electronic classification techniques.this classification method based on fruit color, use of thefruit by light reflective nature of radiation to grade and remove debris. The current grading equipment can only grad size, in order to complete the various levels of classification, it requires several similar devices, but a large area of each device.Traditional mechanical classification technology is based on the size and weight of fruit to grade,it use conveyor belts or the holes or gaps on the conveyor roller to grade fruits.Sometimes grading equipment is different, special and strong, low utilization rate.Modern on-line fruit grading technology, including cleaning, waxing, drying, grading, packing and many other assembly-line inwhich both the core classification process is the fastest growing part of the most modern technology. Modern technology based on machine vision technology to replace manual grading classification can be carried out regardless of grade and size has automatic grading the same time, has greatly improving efficiency. When we apply computer image processing technology to conduct random sampling,the computer base on random sampling images to calculate within the fruit the size of the image large, medium, small and good quality, good, medium, and poor information and the damage grade, the proportion of and so on, and make comprehensive quality judgments. This approach not only saves time and effort, but also objective and fair.Automatic machine vision classification system in general composed with the CCD camera, detection devices, conveyors, computers and control systems and so on.In the fruit classification process,fruit is on the conveyor belt, the camera are fixed on the top of the conveyor belt or around. no damage detection device is installed on both sides of the conveyor belt. When the fruit through the camera, fruit 's color, size, shape, surface damage, etc. are recorded, thisinformation can be completed by computer and finish general classification operation (Figure 2).D. Application in MedicineIn medicine, machine vision is used to assist doctors in medical image analysis,it mainly use digital image processing technology, information fusion technology to fold and add appropriately with X-ray, magnetic resonance images and CT images and then conduct a comprehensive analysis;There are other medical image data for statistics and analysis, such as using dnd statistics the number of cell.In thepharmaceutical production line, machine vision technology can test for drug packaging to determine,to make sure if the mount of drug packing is right.This not only saves labor, but also improves the acigital image edge extraction and image segmentation, to auto-complete count acuracy and efficiency. Currently,the great majority pharmaceutical factory generally adopt the method of artificial range estimation to separate time article in packaging production line.Inspectors test results for the working conditions have a great impact,andthis way of working with low detection efficiency, high cost labor-intensive.Manual labor involved in a serious impact on the work efficiency of tablet packaging line ,not only wasting a lot of labor resources but also the quality of packaging can not be fundamentally guaranteed. Some manufacturers use a long time video recorder to compensate for the manual testing errors, but it lost the meaning of real-time detection, there is also the problem of high cost of detection. Instead of using machine vision system for tablet packaging defects , can improve productivity and reduce production costs. Tablets packaging based on machine vision technology defect detection system is a set of machine vision,Tablets based on machine vision technology packaging defect detection system is a set of machine vision,optical sensors and mechanical and electrical technology in one of the mechanical and electrical integration products,with high accuracy and fast speed, can rapidly and accurately detect the defects and damage of tablet packing ,thus the finished product and waste can be reliably separated.machine vision technology Tablet packing defect detection system generally consists of hardware and software two components.and its working principle is:the medicine slice deliver on the transmission equipment.,and the machine is divided into two areas:detection and isolation area. In thedetection area,high-speed CCD camera will sent images of the continuoustransferringmedicineslicestoaputer analysis of recorded images, tell the waste pills don't fill the home plate. When the drug board complete cutting and get into the separation zone,the horizontal placed air gun project high-pressure gas to blow waste board quickly.The total structure of medicine slice packing defection and damage examine system based machine vision technology is shown in figure 3,In order totake full advantage of the original production line, and effectively carry on medicine slice packaging defect detection, it can install two CCD cameras in the test area for reliable detection, and install appropriate lighting enhance the detection.This can replace manual inspection and classification of machine vision systems, can significantly reduce testing costs, improve product quality and labor productivity, and create a comfortable working environment for workers.There's practical value to use machine vision recognition system for tablet packaging testing especially in automated production line in place of artificial fast, monotonous workproduct inspection, to achieve fast and accurate.III 、 ConclusionThe birth and application of machine vision has greatly liberated the human labor and improve the automation level of production,improving human living conditions, with good prospects. The technology is currently in its infancy in China,to make a greater contribution to the modernization,it is in urgent need of scientific and technological workers to work together to rapidly improve the development of machine vision and the application level.References[1] Feng Duan, Yao-Nan Wang, Lei Xiaofeng, et al. Machine vision technology and its application [J]. Automation Expo, 2002,19 (3) :59-62. [2] SINGHN, DELWICHEM. Machine vision methodsfor defect sorting stone fruit [J]. Transof ASAE, 1994,37 (6) :1989-1 997.[3] Wu Xue. Computer vision technology in agricultural and food detection [J]. FOOD Machinery, 2002,23 (2) :38-39.[4] Zhao Jing. Computer Recognition of Fruit Shape of [J3. Agricultural Engineering, 2001,17 (2) :165-167.[5] Cai Jianrong. Quality of tobacco use on computer vision sorting system [J]. Agricultural Engineering, 2000,16 (3) :118-122.[6] Zhang Jianping. Computer Vision in the tobacco industry and its application prospects [J]. 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