英语翻译1201刘梦含浅析四大发明缘何“墙内开花墙外香”
中国四大发明中英文对照
Four Great Inventions of Ancient China is the world's four great inventions impact. Namely, papermaking, the compass, gunpowder, movable type.四大发明是指中国古代对世界具有很大影响的四种发明。
即造纸术、指南针、火药、活字印刷术。
CompassCompass is used to determine position of a simple instrument. Formerly known as Sinan. The main components are mounted on a shaft can freely rotate the needle (commonly known as magnet). Needle on the ground magnetic field can be maintained at the tangent magnetic radial direction. Needle points to the geographical North Pole South Pole, take advantage of this performance can be a sense of direction. Commonly used in navigation, geodesy, travel and military and so on.指南针指南针是用以判别方位的一种简单仪器。
前身是司南。
主要组成部分是一根装在轴上可以自由转动的磁针(俗称吸铁石)。
磁针在地磁场作用下能保持在磁子午线的切线方向上。
磁针的北极指向地理的南极，利用这一性能可以辨别方向。
常用于航海、大地测量、旅行及军事等方面。
Compass invented the ancient Chinese practice of long-term understanding of the results of magnetic objects. Ancient Chinese people into contact with magnetite, as he began to understand the nature of magnetism. It cited the first to discover the magnetic properties of iron. Then they discovered that the directivity of the magnet. After many experiments and studies, and finally invented the compass can be useful.指南针的发明是中国古人在长期的实践中对物体磁性认识的结果。
中国四大发明初一英语作文
中国四大发明初一英语作文The Four Great Inventions of ChinaChina, a country with a rich history and cultural heritage, is renowned for its significant contributions to human civilization. Among these, the Four Great Inventions stand out as monumental achievements that have had a profound impact on the world. These inventions are papermaking, the compass, gunpowder, and printing technology.The first of these, papermaking, was developed during the Han Dynasty by a court official named Cai Lun. Before this invention, people used materials like bamboo and silk towrite on, which were expensive and cumbersome. Papermaking revolutionized the way information was recorded and disseminated, leading to a greater spread of knowledge and literacy.The second invention, the compass, was initially used for divination purposes. However, it was later adapted for navigation, allowing for more accurate and long-distance sea and land travel. This invention was crucial for the Age of Exploration, enabling explorers to navigate the seas and discover new lands.Gunpowder, the third of the Four Great Inventions, was initially created by Chinese alchemists in search of anelixir for immortality. Instead, they discovered a substancethat, when ignited, produced a powerful explosion. Gunpowder changed the face of warfare, introducing new weapons and tactics that shaped military history.Lastly, the invention of printing technology,specifically the movable type printing press, is attributed to the Chinese inventor Bi Sheng during the Northern Song Dynasty. This innovation greatly increased the efficiency of printing, making books more accessible and affordable. It played a pivotal role in the spread of literacy and the democratization of knowledge.In conclusion, the Four Great Inventions of China have had a lasting legacy on the world. They have shaped the course of history in various ways, from the way we navigate and communicate to how we learn and understand the world around us. These inventions are a testament to the ingenuity and creativity of the Chinese people and their enduring influence on global culture and development.。
关于中国四大发明英文作文
关于中国四大发明英文作文英文：China's four great inventions refer to the four great inventions that have had a significant impact on the world. They are papermaking, printing, gunpowder, and the compass.Papermaking was invented in the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) by Cai Lun. Before that, people used bamboo or silk to write, but paper was much cheaper and easier to use. The invention of paper had a huge impact on the spread of knowledge and culture.Printing was invented in the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) by Bi Sheng. He invented movable type printing, which allowed for faster and more efficient printing. This invention also had a significant impact on the spread of knowledge and culture.Gunpowder was invented in the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD)by alchemists who were trying to find a way to create an elixir of life. Instead, they discovered gunpowder, which was later used in warfare and fireworks.The compass was invented during the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD) by Shen Kuo. The compass allowed for more accurate navigation, which was important for trade and exploration.These four great inventions have had a significant impact on the world and are still used today. For example, paper is used for books, newspapers, and packaging.Printing is used for books, newspapers, and magazines. Gunpowder is used for fireworks and in the military. The compass is still used for navigation.中文：中国四大发明指的是对世界有重大影响的四项发明，它们分别是造纸术、印刷术、火药和指南针。
四大发明的英语六级翻译素材
四大发明的英语六级翻译素材关于四大发明的英语六级翻译素材中国四大发明之一的第一个指南针产生于战国时期，是利用天然磁石)来辨别方向的一种简单仪器。
下面是店铺整理的关于四大发明的英语四级翻译，希望能帮到大家!四大发明中国的四大发明包括指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术，它们是中国在人类文明史上占有重要地位的标志之一。
第一个指南针产生于战国时期(the Warring States Period)，是利用天然磁石(natural magnet)来辨别方向的一种简单仪器。
火药发明于隋唐时期，主要应用于军事领域，造纸术于东汉年间由蔡伦改进，使纸成为人们普遍使用的书写材料。
印刷术，又称活字印刷术，大大促进了文化的传播。
四大发明对世界经济的发展和人类文化的进步做出了巨大的贡献。
参考翻译Four great inventions of China include thecompass,gun powder,the paper-making techniqueand the printing technique.They are one of themarks that China occupies an important position inthe history of human civilization.The first compasswas invented during the Warring States Period.It was a simple device employing naturalmagnets to identify directions.Gunpowder was invented in Sui and Tang Dynasties and wasmainly used in military areas.The paper-making technique was developed by Cai Lun in theEastern Han Dynasty,making paper a commonly used writing material.The Printingtechnique,also called movable type printing,promoted the spread of culture significantly.Thefour great inventions of China made tremendous contribution to the development of theworld's economy and the progress of the culture of mankind.翻译解析：1.第二句的主干是“它们是标志之一”，“标志(mark)”的`定语很长，可用that引导的定语从句来修饰。
四大发明的故事英语作文
四大发明的故事英语作文The Stories of the Four Great Inventions of China.The Four Great Inventions of China refer to four innovations that significantly influenced the course of human history. These inventions—paper, printing, the compass, and gunpowder—not only revolutionized China but also had profound impacts on the rest of the world.Paper.The origin of paper can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (202 BC 220 AD) in China. Before paper, people used various materials such as bamboo slips, silk, and parchment for writing and record-keeping. However, these materials were either expensive, bulky, or difficult to produce.The invention of paper is attributed to a courtofficial named Cai Lun. He was tasked with finding a cheaper and more efficient替代材料 for writing. Afteryears of experimentation, Cai Lun invented a new type of paper made from processed silk cocoons, hemp, and rags. This new paper was light, thin, and relatively inexpensive, making it ideal for widespread use.Printing.The earliest form of printing in China dates back to the Tang Dynasty (618 907 AD), when wooden blocks were used to print on paper or silk. However, it was the invention of movable type printing in the Song Dynasty (960 1279 AD)that truly revolutionized printing technology.Bi Sheng, a scholar and inventor, invented movable type printing using clay blocks. Each character was carved into a separate block, which could then be rearranged to form words and sentences. This innovation greatly increased the speed and efficiency of printing, enabling the mass production of books and documents.The Compass.The compass, which consists of a magnetized needle that points to the north, was first used in China for navigation and orientation. The earliest known use of the compass for navigation dates back to the Song Dynasty.The compass was invented by Chinese sailors and navigators who discovered that a freely suspended magnet always pointed towards the north. They used this propertyto create a device that could help them determine direction, even in cloudy or foggy weather. The compass quickly became an essential navigation tool, revolutionizing seafaring and exploration.Gunpowder.The invention of gunpowder is another significant contribution of the Chinese to world history. Gunpowder, a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter (potassium nitrate), was first discovered in China during the Tang Dynasty.Initially, gunpowder was used for entertainmentpurposes, such as fireworks and explosions. However, it soon found its way into military applications. By the Song Dynasty, Chinese soldiers were already using gunpowder in weapons like cannons and grenades, greatly enhancing their combat capabilities.The spread of gunpowder and its military applications had profound impacts on global power structures and wars. It became a crucial weapon in conflicts around the world, changing the face of warfare forever.Conclusion.The Four Great Inventions of China—paper, printing, the compass, and gunpowder—are not just technological achievements; they are cultural landmarks that reflect the ingenuity and creativity of the Chinese people. These inventions have had profound impacts on human history, shaping the way we live, communicate, navigate, and wage war. Their influence extends far beyond China's borders, making them true global icons of human progress and innovation.。
四大发明（英语）
四大发明（英语）Great Chinese InventionsThe Four Great Inventions of ancient China have been revolutionary inventions for the world’s development, namely papermaking, gunpowder, printing and the compass. They propelled our political, economic and cultural development forward and created enormous impetus to the development of world civilization as well.四大发明是指中国古代对世界的发展和格局具有革命性意义的四种发明——造纸术、火药、印刷术、指南针。
四大发明对中国古代的政治、经济、文化的发展产生了巨大的推动作用，对世界文明的发展也产生了非常大的影响。
Paper: The writing materials during early China were turtle shell, animal bones, bamboos, wood slips, stone and so no. Writing on these was sometimes inconvenient, they were not easy to carry, more expensive and not suitable for wide use. In 105 AD, Cai Lun improved papermaking, based on the former paper-making technology. Since then, paper has been popular among common people. Later , the technique was introduced to Korea and Japan in the 7th century and the Arab World in the 8th. In the 12th century, the Europeans began to adopt this technique.纸：中国早期书写材料是龟甲、兽骨竹简、木牍、金石等，或书写比较麻烦、不易携带，或价格比较昂贵（当时贵族使用的是丝绸或棉花做的薄薄的纸），不适合广泛使用。
四大发明的英语作文
四大发明的英语作文四大发明的英语作文Compass, gunpowder['ɡn,paud], papermaking skill and typography[tai'pɡrfi], is China ancient['einnt] four inventions, it is one of the signs that China become to the ancient civilized['sivilaizd] country, occupy['kjupai] the important position in the history of human civilization[,sivilai'zein].罗盘、火药、造纸术和印刷术,是中国古代四大发明,这是中国成为这古老文明的国家，占据在人类文明史上占有重要地位的标志之一。
1. Compass指南针The invention of the compass is the result of China ancient working people know to the object magnetism['mɡnitizm] in the long-term practice.指南针的发明是我国古代劳动人民长期实践中认识到物体的磁性的结果。
Because of productive labor['leib], people have found the characteristic[,krkt'ristik] of the magnet['mɡnit] pointing to direction. Through experiment and research in many ways, invented the Compass at last.由于生产劳动,人们已经发现了磁铁的指出方向的特点。
中国四大发明英语演讲稿
中国四大发明英语演讲稿Ladies and gentlemen,Today, I am here to talk about one of the greatest contributions that have emerged from the ancient civilization of China - the Four Great Inventions.The first invention, which plays a crucial role in human civilization, is papermaking. In ancient times, people used to write on bamboo strips or wooden tablets, which were heavy and bulky. However, during the Eastern Han Dynasty, a brilliant innovation was made. Cai Lun, a eunuch in the imperial court, invented the method of making paper from tree bark, hemp, and rags. This revolutionized the way knowledge was recorded, enabling the spread of information and enhancing cultural exchange.The second invention is the compass. Developed during the Song Dynasty, this magnetic tool has profoundly affected human exploration and navigation. This invention allowed sailors to sail accurately, even when faced with harsh weather conditions or dense fog. It contributed to the growth of trade, the expansion of empires, and opened the door for new discoveries. Without the compass, the Age of Exploration would not have been possible.The third invention, gunpowder, though initially used for medicinal purposes, irrevocably changed the course of warfare. Ancient Chinese alchemists were trying to create an elixir for eternal life, but instead, they accidentally stumbled upon the explosive power of gunpowder. This discovery revolutionized warfare tactics, leading to the invention of fire arrows, fire lances, and ultimately, the formidable military weapon we now know as the gun. The far-reaching impact of gunpowder propelled military technology to new heights.Finally, the invention of movable type printing, attributed to Bi Sheng during the Song Dynasty, revolutionized the way information was disseminated. Before this invention, copying books was a laborious and time-consuming process. With movable type printing, books could be produced faster, more accurately, and at a lower cost. This innovation vastly accelerated the spread of literacy, knowledge, and education. It laid the foundation for the modern printing industry and played a significant role in the development of human civilization.In conclusion, the Four Great Inventions of China - papermaking, the compass, gunpowder, and movable type printing - have made immeasurable contributions to human civilization. They have transformed the way we communicate, navigate, wage wars, and preserve knowledge. These inventions have not only shaped China's history but have left an indelible mark on the world. It is essential to recognize and appreciate the immense impact and lasting legacy of these remarkable innovations from ancient China. Thank you.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
浅析四大发明缘何“墙内开花墙外香”
摘要：中国，一个拥有五千年历史文化底蕴的东方古国，在漫漫历史长河中创造了璀璨的文化。
中国对世界科学技术产生深远影响的发现和发明不胜枚举，四大发明，更是其中的杰出代表。
它们是中华民族奉献给世界的伟大技术成果，对世界历史的进程产生了巨大影响。
然而，四大发明对古代中国社会发展的推动作用却远不及对那些欧洲国家的推动作用大。
鲁迅先生曾说过：“外国人用火药制造了子弹御敌，中国却用它做爆竹敬神；外国人用罗盘针航海，中国却用它看风水。
”的确，到了近代，中国反而被自己的发明所击垮，经历了一段落后挨打的屈辱历史。
此文将简述为什么四大发明会“墙内开花墙外香”。
关键词：四大发明中国西方影响
一．中国的四大发明对西方国家的重要影响
“四大发明——火药、指南针、造纸术、印刷术”这一说法最早由英国汉学家李约瑟提出，后又为许多中国史学家所继承。
这四大发明不仅促进了中国古代的政治、经济、文化的发展，而且对东方各国乃至西方各国科技的发展都产生了重要影响。
1620年，现代实验科学的真正始祖弗兰西斯.•培根曾说：“我们应该注意到这些发明的力量、功效和结果。
...它们是：印刷术、火药和磁铁。
因为这三大发明首先在文学方面，其次在战争方面，第三在航海方面，改变了整个世界许多事物的面貌和状态、并由此产生无数变化，以致似乎没有任何帝国、任何派别、任何星球，能比这些技术发明对人类事务产生更大的动力和影响。
”
造纸术传入西方，极大地促进了西方文化的内部交流，为欧洲的政治、商业、教育的发展提供了极为有利的条件，也使之后的文艺复兴成为可能。
德国亚可布说：“希腊罗马的人，从来没有想到纸的发明，我们还是靠中国人蔡伦的智慧，才能享受现在的这种便利。
”的确，中国的造纸术对世界科学文化知识的普及、传播及交流作出了巨大的贡献。
自从活字印刷术传入西方，图书不再只是小部分特权阶级才能拥有的奢侈品了，人民都可以得到便宜的书籍。
因此，在欧洲，由僧侣垄断教育的状况结束了，学术中心也由修道院转移到了各地的大学。
由于印刷术的西传正值宗教革命和文艺复兴时代，印刷术也为在中世纪漫长黑夜之后欧洲科学突飞猛进发展，为文艺复兴运动和资本主义的产生创造了重要的物质条件。
中国火药的西传，成了欧洲市民反对封建贵族的锐利武器。
恩格斯曾说：“火器的采用不仅对作战方法本身，而且对统治和奴役的政治关系也起了变革的作用。
现在已经毫无疑义地证实了，火药是从中国经过印度传给阿拉伯人，又由阿拉伯人把火药武器一道经过西班牙传入欧洲。
”
中国的指南针是经阿拉伯传入欧洲的，这极大的推动了欧洲航海事业的发展。
遵循指南针引导的方向，航海家们克服了海洋的隐晦和神秘带来的危险和障碍，找到了殖民掠夺和资本积累的新航路，成为欧洲资本主义产生的重要前
提。
从此以后，世界格局被打破，美洲的开发和欧洲各国的资本积累在飞跃发展。
总之，印刷术的出现改变了只有僧侣才能读书和受高等教育的状况，便利了文化的传播；火药和火器的采用摧毁了封建城堡，帮助了资产阶级去战胜封建贵族；指南针传到欧洲航海家的手里，使他们有可能发现美洲和实现环球航行，为资产阶级奠定了世界贸易和工场手工业发展的基础。
中国古代的四大发明极大推动了西方各国的发展和进步。
二．四大发明“墙内开花墙外香”现象的缘由
从以上所讲，我们可以看出，没有中国的四大发明，就没有近代西方的文艺复兴和科技革命，更没有近代西方的称霸世界。
因此，我们不得不深思，到底是什么让中国有发明的创意却没有发展起来的能力？是什么让西方国家乘机发展壮大？是什么令中国如此衰败？是什么导致了“墙内开花墙外香”的现象？
首先，在中国，自然经济长期以来在经济形态中占据统治地位。
这种以小农经济为基础的经济形态，满足于一时自给自足，安于现状，缺乏开拓精神和创造精神，因而使科学技术的发展失去了最根本的原动力。
而且，中国历代封建王朝一贯实行“重农抑商”的政策，这种以农为本，这极大的阻碍了中国近代资本主义萌芽和科学技术的发展。
而西欧各国都或主动、或被动地顺应历史潮流，大力推行重商主义政策，既增加了财富又大大推动了资本主义的发展和科学技术的进步。
其次，科技是在文化背景中发展起来的，必然受到文化的深刻影响，因此“墙内开花墙外香”的现象与中西方文化内涵的差异密不可分。
在中国，儒家文化氛围笼罩着一切，理学的唯心主义，使人们放弃科学的头脑，经学的独断像紧箍咒一样，造成了人们非科学的心态，形成了阻滞科学发展的巨大历史惰性。
而中国封建教育历来重视政治与伦理道德，轻自然科学。
明清“八股取士”的选官制度，培养、选拔出来的是书呆子、奴才，而不是科学人材。
大多数知识分子都是抱着“圣人之道”，将科技的革新视为“奇淫技巧”没有从根本上意识到科教兴国的战略。
与之相反，西方一直极为注重科学技术的发展，早在古希腊罗马时代，科学方法如数学方法、观察方法、实验方法等得到了初步确立和应用，而且许多国家早就设有皇家科学院。
古代西方的科学技术已经孕育了近代科学技术的萌芽，一旦一定的社会历史条件成熟，它们必将开花结果，显现出旺盛的生命力，历史的发展已经证明了这一点。
因此，即使中国是四大发明的发源地，然而由于思想文化、封建统治、社会氛围等的影响和束缚，科学技术很难再向前进一步发展。
于是，在中国用火药做鞭炮时，用指南针（罗盘）来看风水时，用造纸术和印刷术来印制“天国银行”
的纸币时，西方列强则利用中国发明的纸张和印刷术，传播科学知识，普及教育，利用中国发明的指南针和火药探索世界。
最后，中国的四大发明并没有使自己走向强大，而偏偏成就了这些西方国家的发展道路，而中国也被自己的发明所击垮。
然而，作为新时代的大学生我们要辩证的看待问题，不能单纯的用孤立片面的眼光去看待历史上的科学成就的意义。
即使四大发明“墙内开花墙外香”，即使中国没有更好的利用自己的发明而西方国家利用这些发明壮大发展，我们都不
能否认四大发明对于世界发展和人类文明的进步所作出的巨大贡献。
而我们要以史为鉴，要从四大发明“墙内开花墙外香”现象中吸取经验与教训，贯彻执行科教兴国战略，重视科学技术发展，认真学习科学文化知识，为祖国的繁荣富强贡献自己的一份力量。