抽象名词具体化

●考点：抽象名词具体化

●经典回顾

1.（★★★★★）Jumping out of airplane at ten thousand feet is quite________exciting experience.

A.不填；the

B.不填；an

C.an；an

D.the；the

2.（★★★★★）Many people agree that________knowledge of English is________must in international trade today.

A.a；a

B.the；an

C.the；the

D.不填；the

3.（★★★★★）One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain________good knowledge of basic word information. A./ B.the C.a D.one

4.（★★★★）—I hear that as many as 150 people were killed in the earthquake.

—Yes，________news came as________shock to us. A.the；the B.the；a C.不填；不填D.不填；a

5.(★★★★)He has______great interest in history，especially in______history of Tang Dynasty.

A.a；the

B.a；/

C./；the

D./；a

●案例探究

1.For many Beijingers，dreams of living in___green area are becoming____reality.

A.a；a

B.the；the

C.不填；不填

D.the；不填

命题意图：表面看本题考查学生对冠词的用法，其实也考查了学生对抽象名词具体化的掌握，属于五星级题目。

知识依托：抽象名词并非都作不可数名词。

错解分析：D选项迷惑性较大，许多同学会认为reality为抽象名词，不能用a。

解题方法与技巧：抽象名词或物质名词前或后加上表示性质类别的修饰词，指概念的“一种”“一类”“一次”等时，可用不定冠词，例如：Physics is a science. 答案A

2.The police have________power to arrest bad people by________law.

A.the；the

B.a；a

C.the；不填

D.不填；the

命题意图：考查学生对抽象名词具体化的理解，属于四星级题目。

知识依托：定冠词与抽象名词连用，特指双方都了解的人或事。

错解分析：许多学生会认为D正确，认为power是抽象名词，故不能用冠词。

解题方法与技巧：to arrest bad people是power的定语，故此处用the表示特指。答案：C

●锦囊妙计

抽象名词具体化可以化分为两大板块和三个注意来掌握

一．单数

（1）表示情感、情绪的词，强调具体的人或事时常将其具体化使用。常用的重点抽象名词可概括为如下11个字：惊、乐、幸、憾、傲、慰、险、助、成、败、美。

1. surprise吃惊、惊奇（不可数名词） a surprise令人吃惊的人或事（可数名词）

如：in surprise惊奇地、吃惊地，to one’s surprise令人吃惊的是

What a surprise to see you here! 在这里见到你真是个意外的事。

2. pleasure愉快、高兴（不可数名词） a pleasure一个乐事、一个乐趣（可数名词）

如：with pleasure高兴地、乐意地，take pleasure in以…为乐、爱好

It’s a pleasure to work with him. 和他一块儿工作是件乐事。

3. honor荣誉、信誉（不可数名词）an honor一种光荣的人或事（可数名词）

如：for the honor of the country为了国家的荣誉

It’s an honor to speak here.在这里发言是我的荣幸。

4. pity 遗憾 a pity 一件遗憾的事

It’s a pity that you should fail to pass the exam.

5. pride骄傲（不可数名词） a pride令人骄傲的人或事（可数名词）

如：He takes pride in his son.他以儿子为骄傲。

He is a pride to his parents.他是父母的一个骄傲。

6. comfort安危、舒适（不可数名词） a comfort一个令人安慰的人或事（可数名词）

如：enjoy comfort享受舒适

Books become a comfort to him.书籍成为他的一种安慰。

She tried to make her children live in comfort , which is a great comfort to her.

7. danger危险（不可数名词） a danger可能引起危险的人或物（可数名词）

如：In war, a soldier’s life is full of danger.战争中，士兵的生命充满了危险。

The man is a danger to society.那是个对社会危险的人物。

8. success成功（不可数名词） a success一个成功的人或事（可数名词）

如：be sure of success确信成功

He is a great success as a scientist.作为科学家，他是个伟大的成功者。

9. failure失败（不可数名词） a failure/failures失败的人或事（可数名词）

如：Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。

He had had six failures and would have a seventh try. 他已经历六次失败，并将再次努力。

10. help 帮助 a help帮手，起帮助作用的物

It’s a great help to me.

11. beauty美、美丽（不可数名词） a beauty美人、美丽的东西（可数名词）

如：the beauty of nature大自然的美

He regarded his wife as a beauty.他把妻子视为美人。

（2）表示“一次”、“一场”、“一段”等“一……”的概念，常与动词连用构成短语，名词前常有形容词修饰。

如:1. have a good time have a wonderful supper have a good knowledge/understanding of

have a population of have an income of cover an area of，reach a height of

2.与动词have, take, make, give等连用，表示某一次短暂的动作。

如:have a swim/rest/look/trip/discussion/smoke/wash/sleep take a walk/bath give/take a try

make an advance/an early start/an apology take/have a great interest go out for a walk

3. 接同源宾语的短语如：

live/lead a happy/simple/hard/poor/bitter life dream a strange dream die a heroic death （3）物质名词前有形容词修饰,如:

have breakfast

have a wonderful breakfast

The road is covered with snow.

They have a heavy snow every year.

Time and tide wait for no man.

We had a wonderful time last night.

二．复数词义发生变化，主要是构成一些固定短语

use one's brains 动脑筋meet with difficulties 遇到各种困难

make preparations 做准备in high spirits 情绪高涨

good manners 有礼貌Many thanks. 非常感谢。

No pains，no gains. 不劳无获。congratulations 祝贺

possessions 所有物，财产

surroundings 环境

注意：

●链接高考

1. （2007 全国卷II）—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?

—Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.

A. the; the

B. the; a

C. /; the

D. the; /

2. （2007 北京卷）I looked under _____bed and found ______book I lost last week.

A.the; a

B. the: the

C. 不填；the

D. the:;不填

3 （2007 山东卷）________ walk is expected to last all day, so bring____ packed lunch.

A．A;a B．The; 不填C．The a D．A 不填

4. （2007 福建卷）—How about Christmas evening party?

—I should say it was success.

A.a; a

B.The; a

C.a;不填

D.the; 不填

5. （2007 湖南卷）Polar bears live mostly on______sea ice, which they use as ______platform for hunting seals.

A. a; a

B. a; the

C. 不填; a

D. the; 不填

6. （2007 江苏卷）We have every reason to believe that_____ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be_____ success.

A. / …a

B. the …/

C. the …a

D. a …a

7. （2007 江西卷）Many people have come to realize that they should go on ___balanced diet and make ____ room in their day for exercise.

A.a;/

B.the; a

C.the;the

D./;a

8. （2007 陕西卷）In film Cast Away.Tom Hanks plays man named Chuck Noland.

A.a; the

B.the; a

C.the; the

D.a; a

9. （2007 四川卷）How about taking ______ short break? I want to make _______ call．

A．the；a B．a；the C．the；the D．a；a

10. （2007 天津卷）I wanted to catch ________early train, but couldn’t get ________ ride to the station.

A. an, the

B. /, the

C. an, /

D. the, a

11. （2007 浙江卷）I like _____ color of your skirt. It is _____ good match for your blouse.

A. a; the

B. a; a

C. the; a

D. the; the

12. （2007 重庆卷）Gorge couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _____ Sunday because everybody was at _______ church.

A. /; the

B. the; /

C. a; /

D. /; a

13. （2007 辽宁卷）Chrismas is _____ special holiday when _______ whole family are supposed to get together.

A. the, the

B. a, a

C. the, a

D. a, the

14.（11湖南卷）22. Have you heard ______ news？The price of _______ petrol is going up again!

A. the, the

B. 不填，the

C. the, 不填

D. 不填，不填

15.（11江苏卷）21. We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent.

A. the; the

B.不填；the

C. the; 不填

D. 不填；不填

16.（12山东卷）21. Students should be encouraged to use ______ Internet as ______ resource.

A. 不填；a

B. 不填; the

C. the; the

D. the; a

17.（08江西卷）30. --- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting. --- It is not your fault. With __ rush-hour traffic and __ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.

A. a; a

B. the; the

C. /; /

D. /; a

18.（12辽宁卷）24. My neighbor asked me to go for ______ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got ______ energy.

A. a; 不填

B. the; the

C. 不填；the

D. a; the

19. (08全国II)8. It’s not ___ good idea to drive for four hours without ___ break.

A. a a

B. the a

C. the the

D. a the

20. （08陕西卷）10. I ate _________ sandwich while I was waiting for _________ 20:08 train.

A. the, a

B. the, the

C. a, the

D. a, a 5

21. (08四川卷)8. In the United States, there is always ____ flow of people to areas of ______ country where more jobs can

be found.

A. a; the

B. the a

C. the; the

D. a; a

22.（08浙江卷）2. ______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head.

A. An; the

B. The; the

C. An; 不填

D. The; 不填

23.（08重庆卷）27. In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation.

A. a; the

B. /; a

C. the; a

D. the;the

KEYS: 1-10 B B C B C C A B D D 11-23 C C D C B D B D A C A A C