年产20万吨甲醇制二甲醚工艺设计_毕业设计

. 毕 业 设 计 题 目： 年产20万吨甲醇制二甲醚工艺设计 学 院： 化学与材料工程学院 专 业： 化学工程与工艺 姓 名： 学 号： 完成时间： . 设计说明 作为液化石油气（LPG）和石油类的替代燃料，目前二甲醚（DME）倍受注目。DME是具有与LPG的物理性质相类似的化学品，在燃烧时不会产生破坏环境的气体，能便宜而大量地生产。与甲烷一样，被期望成为21世纪的能源之一。目前生产的二甲醚基本上由甲醇脱水制得，即先合成甲醇，然后经甲醇脱水制成二甲醚。甲醇脱水制二甲醚分为液相法和气相法两种工艺，本设计采用气相法制备二甲醚工艺。将甲醇加热蒸发，甲醇蒸气通过γ-AL2O3催化剂床层,气相甲醇脱水制得二甲醚。气相法的工艺过程主要由甲醇加热、蒸发、甲醇脱水、二甲醚冷凝及精馏等组成。 甲醇气相法合成二甲醚是目前国内外二甲醚生产的主要工艺，该法以精甲醇为原料，脱水反 脱水和二甲醚精馏等工艺。目前国外公布的大型二甲醚建设项目绝大多数采用两步法工艺技术，说明甲醇气相法有较强的综合竞争力。

关键词：二甲醚，甲醇，工艺设计. Design specification As LPG and oil alternative fuel, DME has drawn attentions at present. Physical properties of DME is similar for LPG, and don’t produce combustion gas to damage the environment, so, It can be produced largely. Like methane, DME is expected to become 21st century energy resources, DME is prepared by methanol dehydration, namely, synthetic methanol first and then methanol dehydration to dimethyl etherby methanol dehydration. Methanol dehydration to DME is divided into two kinds of liquid phase and gas-phase process. This design uses a process gas of dimethyl ether prepared by dimethyl. Heating methanol to evaporation, methanol vapor through the γ-Al2O3 catalyst bed, vapor methanol dehydration to dimethyl etherby[2]. This process is made of methanol process heating, evaporation, dehydration of methanol, dimethyl ether condensation and distillation etc. Methanol gas phase method synthesis of dimethyl ether is at home and abroad and dimethyl ether, the main technology of production with fine methanol as raw materials, dehydrated, reaction by-products less, dimethyl ether purity of 99.9%, the craft is mature, the device wide adaptability, simple post-treatment, can be directly built in methanol production factory, also can be built in other public facilities good the methanol production factory. The law should pass methanol synthesis, methanol distillation, methanol dehydration and dimethyl ether distillation, etc. At present foreign large dimethyl ether released most of the construction project by two-step process technology, explain methanol gas phase method has the strong comprehensive competitive power.

Key words: dimethyl ether, methanol, process design . 目 录

前言 .................................................................................................................................. 1 1 绪论 .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.1 二甲醚概述 ....................................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 二甲醚的发展现状 ................................................................................ 2 1.1.2 二甲醚的传统领域的应用及其拓展 .................................................... 2 1.2 国内二甲醚市场简况 ....................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 现状 ........................................................................................................ 3 1.2.2 国内市场预测 ........................................................................................ 4 1.3 国外二甲醚市场简况 ....................................................................................... 5 1.3.1 现状 ........................................................................................................ 5 1.3.2 国外市场预测 ........................................................................................ 6 1.4 原料说明 ........................................................................................................... 6 1.5 二甲醚的性质 ................................................................................................... 7 1.6 二甲醚的主要技术指标 ................................................................................... 8 2 DME产品方案及生产规模 ......................................................................................... 9 2.1 产品品种、规格、质量指标及拟建规模 ....................................................... 9 2.2 产品规格、质量指标 ....................................................................................... 9 2.3 产品方案分析及生产规模分析 ....................................................................... 9 3 工艺流程介绍 ............................................................................................................. 11 3.1 生产方法简述 .................................................................................................. 11 3.2 工艺流程说明 ................................................................................................. 12 3.3 生产工艺特点 ................................................................................................. 13 3.4 主要工艺指标 ................................................................................................. 14 3.4.1 二甲醚产品指标 .................................................................................. 14 3.4.2 催化剂的使用 ...................................................................................... 14 4主要塔设备计算及选型 ............................................................................................. 15 4.1 汽化塔及其附属设备的计算选型 ................................................................. 15 4.1.1 物料衡算 .............................................................................................. 15 4.1.2 热量衡算 .............................................................................................. 17 4.1.3 理论板数、塔径、填料选择及填料层高度的计算 .......................... 19 4.1.4 汽化塔附属设备的选型计算 .............................................................. 22 4.2 合成塔及其附属设备的计算选型 ................................................................. 23 4.2.1 物料衡算 .............................................................................................. 23 4.2.2 合成塔的选取 ...................................................................................... 23 4.2.3 热量衡算及附属设备的选型计算 ...................................................... 23 4.3 精馏塔及其附属设备的计算选型 ................................................................. 26 4.3.1 物料衡算 .............................................................................................. 26 4.3.2 热量衡算 .............................................................................................. 27 4.3.3 理论塔板数的计算 .............................................................................. 28 4.3.4 精馏塔主要尺寸的设计计算 .............................................................. 29 4.3.5塔径设计计算 ....................................................................................... 30