最新托福写作话题词汇表
教育学校教育schooling 家庭教育upbringing; parenting 课程大纲curriculum 教学大纲syllabus 必修课required/compulsory courses, 选修课elective/optional courses 课外活动extra-curricular activities 社团活动club activities 志愿者服务volunteer service 社区工作community work 实习internship 学生会student union 男生/女生联谊会fraternity & sorority 校园生活school/campus life 学校是社会的缩影a school is society in miniature 文科liberal arts/ liberal studies 理科sciences 工科engineering 人文学科humanities 社会学科social science 艺术arts 学科subject/discipline 基础科学basic sciences 应用科学applied sciences 小学教育primary-level education; elementary education 中学教育secondary-level education 大学教育tertiary-level education; higher education 职业教育vocational education/training 接受教育enter/get access to schools/ education 学位degree (bachelor, master, doctor/PhD) 文凭diploma, 证书certificate 青少年teenagers/adolescents/the young generation/the youths 学生students (fresh man, sophomore, junior, senior) 上课attend classes 逃课skip class, be absent from class 老师/学生为中心的课堂teacher-centered/ student-centered/ classroom 有能力的/有资格的/有经验的/良好培训的老师competent/qualified/experienced/well-trained teachers 无能力的/不够格的/欠经验的老师incompetent/disqualified/inexperienced/poorly-trained teachers well-equipped/ well-appointed/ well-decorated classrooms 设施良好的/装修良好的教室先进的教学设施up-to-date teaching facilities laboratory, library, multimedia resources (computer, projector, speaker, microphone, database, printer, photocopier) 传授理论知识impart /inculcate theoretical knowledge 教授职业技能instruct professional/practical skills 灌输高尚的道德观instill/advocate high moral values and principles 激励学生追求梦想give students the motivation to pursue their dreams motivate students to fulfill their life goals 唤起学生对文理知识的好奇心arouse students’ curiosity about arts and science 激发学生的创新思维inspire/stimulate students’ innovative thoughts 鼓励学生批判/辩证/独立思维encourage students to think critically/dialectically/independently 告诉学生各学科间的联系inform students of the correlation between different disciplines 塑造学生的人生目标和价值观念shape students’ life goals and philosophy 促进学生身体/心理/智力/情感的发展promote students’ physical/mental/intellectual/emotional development 保持身心健康maintain physical/psychological health/soundness 适应逆境的能力adapt to adversity/adverse circumstances 在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding 塑造某人的性格mould/build one’s character 培养责任感cultivate a sense of responsibility 按时完成作业complete/accomplish assignment(presentation/report/essay/paper/thesis/dissertation) on time 填鸭式教学force-feed/spoon-feed the knowledge to the students 死记硬背learn things by rote, spit back predigested ideas, cram for exams 机械记忆概念、方程式、公式、定理和定律mechanically memorize concepts, equations, formulas,theorems andlaws 盲从…的指令follow someone’s order blindly/indiscriminately (advs) 限制创造力的发展extinguish/stifle/constrain creativity 打击学生的学生积极性dampen/sap student’s enthusiasm for learning frustrate the students 激起不必要的同辈压力beget/intensify undue peer pressure 基于智力差异/学业成绩/社会背景对学生进行分离教育segregate students on basis of their intellectual disparity/academic performance/social background 评价老师的教学appraise/evaluate/assess teachers’ performance 从学生中获得建设性反馈/建议gain constructive feedbacks/suggestions from students 使学生对教学过程有更大的发言权give students a greater say in the teaching-learning process 对授课进行监督provide an oversight over lectures 改善教学方法improve teaching methodology/pedagogical methodology 减少教职员工的懈怠态度minimize slack attitude among teaching faculty 损害老师在课堂中的权威性impair the authority of teachers in the classroom 对课程/老师持有偏见/不负责的评论hold biased opinions/ irresponsible comments on a course/teacher 导致学生不守纪律/行为不端breed indiscipline/misbehaviors among students 小组学习有助于学生们了解团队工作的重要性和提高他们的社会技能。Studying in a group helps students to understandthe importance of team-work and improve their social skills. 学生们在合作学习中获得不同的观点和经验。Students gain/obtain a variety of perceptions and experience in cooperative learning.
休闲/生活业余时间free time/leisure time/ spare time 娱乐entertainment/recreation/amusement 保持健康keep fit/healthy/in shape 保持身体柔韧性keep the body soft and supple 强壮体魄build one’s muscle 提升免疫功能enhance immune function 消耗多余脂肪/热量burn off extra fat/calories 防止人们变胖prevent people from getting overweight 预防重大疾病guard…against fatal diseases 改善血液循环improve blood circulation 增强耐力build up one’s stamina 训练自制力train self-discipline 磨砺意志build one’s character 丰富知识enrich one’s knowledge 开阔视野broaden one’s mind/horizon 陶冶情操cultivate one’s minds 净化心灵purify one’s soul 发展特长develop one’s specialties 增强自信和自尊boost one’s confidence and self-esteem 消除忧虑free/liberate oneself from daily trouble/worldly concerns 缓解压力relieve/ease/alleviate/release one’s work pressure/mental stress 娱乐自我amuse/entertain/recreate/ oneself 劳逸结合keep/strike/maintain a balance between work and leisure 丰富人生经历enrich life experience 欣赏自然景观admire/appreciate/experience the scenery/landscape of Mother Nature 扩大社交圈子widen social circle 增进友谊/人际关系strengthen friendship/interpersonal relations 体验精神上的享受experience mental amusement and enjoyment 获得他人的支持/安慰/鼓励/忠告/建议/建设性批评get support/comfort/encouragement/advice/ suggestion/ constructive criticism from others
托福考试写作词汇包
写作高频词汇替换1. 认为：think--hold—maintain—assume—argue—claim—deem—reckon2. 获得：get--obtain—gain—achieve—acquire—have access to3. 有：have--own—possess4. 帮助：help--assist—facilitate—give a hand to—act as a contributing factor to5. 使用，利用：use--utilize—exploit—take advantage of6. 给，提供：give--provide—offer—afford—confer7. 想要：want--desire—be eager for8. 好的：good—positive—beneficial—effective—constructive—superior9. 坏的：bad—negative—harmful—devastating—deteriorating—inferior10. 许多，大量：many--a vast number of—numerous—a wealth of—a host of—a multitude of11. 各种各样的：different kinds of—a variety of, a wide range of—diverse—diversified12. 人们：people—individuals—citizen—the public13. 发展,增长：development—improvement—progress—progression—advancement—growth—flourish—prosperity—boost14. 促进，推动：develop—improve—promote—enhance—strengthen—upgrade—boost15. 重要：important—significant—essential—critical—crucial—vital—pivotal16. 重视：focus on—emphasize—highlight—attach importance to –give priority to17. 忽视：ignore—neglect—overlook—turn a blind eye to—fail to take into account18. 观点：idea—opinion—view—standpoint—notion—concept—thought—assumption19. 原因，因素：reason—cause—factor—contributor—trigger20. 优点：advantage—merit—benefit—virtue—upside—strength21. 缺点：disadvantage—demerit—defect—drawback—downside—weakness22. 解决，处理：sole—resolve—work out—fix—handle—deal with—cope with –tackle23. 关于：in terms of—when it comes to—as to—in regard to – relating to—with respectto—concerning—regarding—involving24. 采取，实施：adopt—undertake—carry out—initiate—implement—launch25. 措施，方案：measure—action—approach—policy—initiative26. 改变：change—transform—alter—shift—switch—convert27. 探讨，分析：explore—analyze—examine—explicit—illustrate28. 反驳，冲突：contradict—conflict with—challenge—deny—oppose—cast doubt on—counter--refute29. 普遍一般：common—universal—ubiquitous30. 足够：enough—sufficient--plentiful—abundant—ample31. 坚持：stick—adhere—cling32. 追求：pursue—seek33. 确切，准确：exact—accurate—precise34. 顶端：top—peak—summit35. 竞争者：competitor—rival—opponent36. 名声：fame—reputation—prestige37. 建立：build—establish—erect38. 基础的，根本的：primary—fundamental—radical39. 缓解：relieve—alleviate—ease--lighten40. 贫穷：poor—needy—impoverished—poverty—stricken41. 富有：rich—wealthy—affluent—well-off42. 流行：popular—prevailing—prevalent—pervasive43. 鼓励，刺激：encourage—motivate—stimulate—spur44. 保持：keep—preserve—conserve--retain—remain—maintain45. 完成：finish—complete—accomplish—fulfill46. 破坏，危害：destroy—damage—impair—undermine—jeopardize47. 幸福：happiness—cheerfulness—well-being48. 教育：education—schooling—parenting—upbringing49. 年轻人：young people—youth—youngsters—adolescents50. 老年人：old people—the elderly—senior citizen—the aged51. 责任：responsibility—obligation—liability52. 工作：job—career—employment—profession53. 娱乐，消遣：enjoyment—entertainment—pastimes—recreation54. 孩子：children—kid--offspring—descendant55. 起作用：play a…role in—exert a … part in—perform a …function in56. 对。
【托福写作】独立写作专题词汇短语汇总PPT课件
1
Topic ---- Education:Expressions
Words Peer Certificate Undergraduate Evaluation Academic Intellectual Interaction Motivation Authority adolescent
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Topic ---- Success:Expressions
Words Accomplish Attainment Ambitious Enterprising Optimism Talent Intelligence Triumph Prosperity perseverance
Phrases Teaching facilities and resources Competition and cooperation Mental maturity Acquire interpersonal skills Corporal punishment Understanding and respect Distinguish right from wrong A competent and responsible teacher Unrealistic expectations Foster students’ interest in
Phrases Keep abreast of the latest developments Current affiairs of the world Come up with a more creative solution The ability of careful planning Become a high achiever by taking risks Dampen individual creativity Be regarded as an invaluable part of … Acquire a high level of expertise
托福的词汇表整理
托福的词汇表整理托福考试是一个重视词汇量的英语考试，因此扩大词汇量对于预备托福考试格外重要。
下面是一个大约包含1500个常用托福词汇的整理：A1. abandon-放弃2. ability-力量3. abolish-废除4. absorb-吸取5. abstract-抽象的6. absurd-荒谬的7. abundant-丰富的8. abuse-滥用9. accelerate-加速10. accessible-可接近的B11. bias-偏见12. bless-祝愿13. blend-混合14. boast-夸耀15. boundary-边界16. breed-繁殖17. brief-简短的18. brilliant-杰出的19. budget-预算20. bully-欺侮第1页/共11页C21. calculate-计算22. capable-能干的23. capture-捕获24. cautious-当心的25. celebrate-庆祝26. challenge-挑战27. charity-慈善28. clarify-澄清29. client-客户30. climate-气候D31. decade-十年32. decay-腐败33. decline-衰退34. decorate-装饰35. dedicate-奉献36. defend-保卫37. define-定义38. democracy-民主39. demonstrate-证明40. dense-密集的E41. eager-渴望的42. efficient-高效的43. eliminate-消退44. embrace-拥抱45. emerge-消灭46. emphasize-强调47. enable-使能够48. encounter-患病49. enhance-增加50. enormous-巨大的F51. facilitate-促进52. faithful-忠诚的53. former-前者的54. foundation-基础55. fraud-欺诈56. frustrate-使懊丧57. fundamental-基本的58. furthermore-此外59. furious-生气的60. fusion-融合G61. gender-性别62. generate-生成63. global-全球的64. gradual-渐渐的65. grant-授予66. greed-贪欲67. grief-哀痛68. guarantee-保证69. guide-指导第3页/共11页70. guilty-有罪的H71. habitat-栖息地72. harmony-和谐73. hazardous-危急的74. hence-因此75. hesitate-迟疑76. host-主持77. humble-虚心的78. hurricane-飓风79. hypothesis-假设80. identical-相同的I81. illustrate-说明82. immense-巨大的83. impact-影响84. implement-实施85. imply-示意86. inevitable-不行避开的87. infect-感染88. inferior-低劣的89. influence-影响90. innovative-创新的J91. jealous-嫉妒的92. justify-证明93. keen-热衷的94. launch-放射95. liberty-自由96. logic-规律97. loyal-忠诚的98. luxury-铺张品99. maximize-最大化100. motivate-激励K101. keen-热衷的102. pace-速度103. mirror-反映104. mutual-相互的105. objective-客观的106. patience-急躁107. persistent-长久的108. potential-潜力109. process-过程110. prompt-快速的L111. labor-劳动112. landscape-风景113. launch-放射114. leisure-休闲115. liberate-解放116. logic-规律117. luxury-铺张品118. maintain-维持第5页/共11页119. majority-大多数120. massive-大规模的M121. magnify-放大122. manipulate-操纵123. maximize-最大化124. medieval-中世纪的125. mercy-慈善126. mislead-误导127. modify-修改128. moral-道德的129. mystery-奇特130. negotiate-协商N131. neglect-忽视132. network-网络133. neutral-中立的134. nevertheless-然而135. noble-高尚的136. nourish-滋养137. numerous-很多的138. nurture-培育139. obstacle-障碍140. option-选择O141. objective-客观的142. obtain-获得143. obstacle-障碍144. omit-省略145. opinion-观点146. organize-组织147. overwhelming-压倒性的148. obvious-明显的149. modify-修改150. obligation-责任P151. perceive-感知152. persist-坚持153. perspective-观点154. precise-精确的155. prevail-流行156. principle-原则157. proclaim-宣布158. profound-深刻的159. progress-进步160. promote-促进Q161. qualify-使具备资格162. quality-质量163. quantity-数量164. quest-追求165. quote-引用166. urban-城市的167. reassuring-使人放心的第7页/共11页168. reflect-反映169. regime-政权170. render-使成为R171. random-随机的172. rational-理性的173. recent-最近的174. recover-康复175. remarkable-卓越的176. reliable-牢靠的177. renewable-可再生的178. represent-代表179. restore-恢复180. reveal-揭露S181. sacred-神圣的182. scale-规模183. scarce-稀缺的184. scheme-方案185. significance-重要性186. skeptical-怀疑的187. sophisticated-简单的188. strategy-策略189. substantial-大量的190. successor-继任者T191. technique-技术192. temporary-临时的193. terror-恐怖194. transform-转变195. transparent-透亮的196. tremendous-巨大的197. ultimately-最终地198. unique-独特的199. universe-宇宙200. utilize-利用U201. unanimous-全都的202. undergo-经受203. undermine-减弱204. uphold-支持205. uprising-起义206. urgent-紧急的207. utilize-利用208. utmost-极度的209. utter-说出210. undermine-减弱V211. vacant-空缺的212. valid-有效的213. vanish-消逝214. venture-冒险215. verify-核实216. versatile-多才多艺的第9页/共11页217. virtue-美德218. vision-视力219. vital-至关重要的220. vow-宣誓W221. welfare-福利222. whereas-然而223. wicked-邪恶的224. withdraw-撤退225. widespread-广泛的226. witness-目击者227. withstand-经受住228. worship-崇拜229. worthy-值得的230. yield-产生X231. xenophobia-仇外心理232. xenophilic-爱外国事物的233. xenology-外星学234. xenial-外国人的235. xenobiotics-外源性物质236. xenoloneliness-外地人的孤独237. xenolinguistics-外语学238. xenophilia-对外国人的宠爱239. xenodochial-好客的240. xenolith-岩石中的异质体Y千里之行，始于足下。
托福作文高频词汇
1.important=crucial(extremely important, significant(amount or effect large enough to be important 重要的mon=universal, ubiquitous (if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere普通的3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra, plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants大量的4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly黏附5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.6.near=adjacent(two things next to each other, adjoin(the same as adjacent7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned, seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it.FORMAL8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details, exact(correct in every detail9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable 13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way 14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired, reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings,FORMAL, establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid plain=grumble(complain something in a bad-tempered way18.primary=radical(very important and great in degree, fundamental19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe20.force=coerce sb into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to, compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really isplex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details 23.lonely=solitary(if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her24.small=minuscule(very small, minute25.praise=extol(stronger than praise, compliment(polite and political26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly27.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts28.poor(soil=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically 30.show=demonstrate(to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent, colossol(use this word, you emphasize something is large, tremendous(INFORMAL32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.34.attack=assault(physically attack someone, assail(attack violently35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons, loathe(dislike very much36.ruin=devastate(it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.37.disaster=catastrophe(a catastrophe is an unexpected event that cause great suffering and damages38.finally=eventually(espcially after a lot of delays, ultimately(after complicated series of events 39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes, immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly, astound(surprise you to a large degree, astonish(the same as astound42.enthusiasm=zeal(a great enthusiasm, fervency(sinere and enthusiasm43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful, serene(calm and quiet44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive, sumptuous(grand and very expensive 46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating 47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admirehim/her. FORMAL48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold, icy(extremely cold50.hot=boiling(very hot51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind, distinctive54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.based on=derived from59.remarkable=conspicuous(if something is conspicuous, people can see or notice them very easily60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest63.appear=emerge(come into existence64.whole=entire(the whole of something65.wet=moist(slightly wet, damp(slightly wet, humid(very damp and hot66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger, prudent(careful and sensible 71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, orhis/her opinion is different from most people73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of moneye=utilize(the same as use75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.76.satisfy=gratify(if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction 77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry80.smelly=malodorous(used to describle an unpleasant smell81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattracitve82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive, absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things 84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION:meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve90.sharp=acute(severe and intense91.unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worrieshim/her because he/she does not understand it93.method=avenue(a way of getting something done94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved98.so=consequently, accordingly 99.rare=infrequent(does not happen often100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish 短语 101.in my opinion=from my perspective 102.very much=a great deal 103.for example=to give a demonstration 104.however=as a matter of fact, it is the other way around 105.agree with=uphold(support and maintain 106.be full of=be saturated with(be filled with sth completely 107.by=via 108.according to=in the light of 109.when it comes to=in terms of 110.from a XXX perspective=in XXX sense 111.find a job=land a job test=up to date 113.achieve a goal=attain an accomplishment 114.at the same time=simultaneously 115.at the start of=on the threshold of 116.certainly=to a certain extent 117.with doubt=indubitably118.in XXX means=via XXX avenue 119.disagree with=be the last one to uphold 120.as fast as=apace with 单词 121.awful=nauseous(if something makes you nauseous, you want to vomit ck=scarcity(if there is a scarcity of something, there is not enough of it for people 123.suddenly=abruptly(very sudden and often unpleasant124.agree=espouse(the same as agree with 125.immortal=eternal(something that is eternal can last forever 126.gigantic=enormous(very large in size or amount127.horrible=macabre(strange and horrible or upsetting 128.generous=munificient(very genrous, FORMAL 129.advantage=merit(if something has merit, it has good or worthwhile qualities 130.happy=jovial(if someone is jovial, s/he is happy and behaves in a cheerful way 131.sad=inconsolable(extremely sad and cannot be comforted132.brave=gallant(if someone is gallant, s/he behaves bravely133.disappear=vanish(ATTENTION:vanish means disappear suddenly or in a way cannot be explained 134.difference=divergence(a divergence is a difference between two or more things, opinions or attitudes 135.repeat=iterate 136.effective=efficacious(thesame as effective, FORMAL 137.dishonest=mendacious(a mendacious person is someone who lies138.talkative=loquacious(if someone is loquacious, s/he talk a great deal 139.think over=contemplate(think carefully, ruminate on(think carefully 140.tendency=vogue(in vogue means very popular 141.protect from=shield from(the same as protect from zy=slothful(lazy and unwilling to make an effort to work, indolent(lazy, FORMAL 143.limited=finite(something that is finite has a definite fixed size or amount144.disadvantage=defect(a fault or imperfection in a person or thing eless/invain=futile(ATTENTION: if you say something is futile, you mean there is no point of doing, usually it has no chance of succeeding 146.undeniable=there is nogainsaying(FORMAL 147.potential=latent(used to describe something hidden or not obvious at the moment, but which can develop further in the future 148.harmful=baneful 149.daring=audacious(someone who is audacious takes risk to achieve something150.talent=aptitude(someone's aptitude for a particular kind of work or activity is his/her ability to learn it quickly and to do it well 151.waste=dissipate(dissipate means waste money, time or effort in a foolish way 152.obstacle=stumbling block 153.many=a multitude of, a myriads of 154.good=superb(if something is superb, its quality is very good indeed 155.random=haphazard 156.behave=conduct(if you conduct yourseld in a particular way, you behave in that way 157.kind of=sort of 158.loyalty=fidelity(fidelity is loyalty to a person, or organization, or set of beliefs159.embarrassing=awkward(an awkward situation is embarrassing and difficult to deal with 160.building=edifice(ATTENTION: an edifice is a large and impressive building 161.unendurable=unsufferable(if you say something is unsufferable, you are emphasizing that it is very unpleasant and annoying 162.undoubtedly=as no doubt 163.although=albeit(the same as although 164.unwilling=grudging(a grudging feeling or action is felt or done very unwillingly 165.hardly=scarcely(you use scarcely to say that something is not true or is not the case, in a humorous or critical way166.courage=nerve(nerve is the courage you need in order to do something difficult or dangerous 167.generally=as a rule 168.understand=discern(if you can discern something, you are aware of it and know what it is 169.obviously=transparently(easily understand or recognize 170.define as=address as。
托福写作必备热点话题背景词汇整理介绍工作类高频词
托福写作必备热点话题背景词汇整理介绍工作类高频词托福写作必备热点话题背景词汇介绍, 工作类高频词一览，今天给大家带来了托福写作必备热点话题背景词汇介绍，希望能够给帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
焦虑 n. anxiety分配 vt. assign冲突 v.&n. conflict热情地接受 v. embrace尝试 n.&v. attempt竞争激烈的 adj. petitive技巧很高的 adj. aomplished在……方面很出众 vi. excel in …蓝领 n. blue-collar白领 n. white-collar谈判 n. negotiation应试技巧 n. technique胜利 n. triumph反馈 n. feedback工作非常勤奋的 adj. industrious建设性的 adj. constructive有压力的 adj. stressful令人筋疲力尽的 adj. exhausting高薪/底薪工作 high-paying jobs/ low-paying jobs 工资过高的 adj. overpaid升级 vt.&n. upgrade同事 n. colleague同事 n. coworker同事(蓝领) n. workmate明确的目标 clear-cut/ specific goals员工的热情 staff morale可行的 adj. feasible耗时间的 adj. time-consuming妥协 n.&v. promise牺牲 n.&v. sacrifice责任分配 delegation of responsibilities工作量 n. workload心理压力 psychological strain裁员 n. layoff/ downsizing尽职尽责的 adj. conscientious当名词时是“做某事的途径”，当动词时是“靠近” n.&vt. Approach (to)招聘 vt. recruit激烈的竞争 stiff/ fierce petition高水准的 adj. high-caliber___ n. blunder有热情的 adj. enthusiastic讨厌的人或东西 n. nuisance自我表达 n. self-expression自我印象，对自己的评价 n. self-image自尊 n. self-esteem远程会议 n. teleconference/ teleconferencing一种很知足的状态 n. contentment评价，评估 n. assessment/ evaluation时间限制，时间上的制约 n. time constraints不愿意去做某事 be reluctant to do sth./ be unwilling to do sth.“工作”的正式说法 n. profession/ oupation事业 n. career天职 n. calling敬业精神 work ethic职业水准 n. professionalism很高的专业素养 n. expertise经验丰富的 adj. experienced工作单位 n. workplace白手起家的创业者 n. entrepreneur 事业心强的 adj. enterprising艰巨的 adj. daunting/ formidable 睡眠严重不足的 adj. sleep-deprived (人)闲着的，(物品)闲置的 adj. idle重要的 adj. significant→essential→vital 狂热 n. zeal十分投入的 adj. devoted/ fervent/ ardent 高尚的 adj. lofty/ noble工作满意度 job satisfaction稳定性 n. stability非常难做的工作 back-breaking work给人的精神压力很大的 adj. nerve-racking 和压力有关的疾病 stress-induced diseases 努力 exert oneself满足感 n. gratification合作 vi. collaborate (with)就业技能 employable skills人际交往能力 interpersonal skills 职业前景 career prospects重复性的 adj. repetitive自由职业者 n. freelancer自雇的 self-employed people人员，员工(集合概念) n. personnel 有竞争力的 adj. petent完美的 adj. flawless失眠 n. insomnia加班 work overtime工作狂 n. workaholic激励物，奖励条件 n. incentive奖励，回报 n. reward以身作则 lead by example团结 n. solidarity一致 n. unity苛刻的 adj. demanding薪酬 n. pensation抱怨 vt. whine员工福利 fringe benefits/ perks/ employee benefits偏执的 adj. pulsive礼仪 n. etiquette合作 n. collaboration超级 ___ adj. hectic托福写作难点话题一览Is daily homework necessary for students?Many teachers assign homework to students every day. Do you think that daily homework is necessary for students? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.写作思路展开结构分析基本上同意。
托福写作必备词汇
托福写作必备词汇1.解决：Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle2.损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize3.给予：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford4.培养：Develop, cultivate, foster5.优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength6.缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness7.使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle8.重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative9.认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced10.保护：Protect, conserve, preserve11.确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12.有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13.要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition14.消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away15.导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate16.因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this17.增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascendto，jump to，shoot to18.降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to19.保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out20.急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably21.平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly22.宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim23.发生：Happen, occur, take place24.原因：Reason, factor, cause25.发展：Development, advance, progress26.有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous27.影响：Influence, impact, effect28.明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear29.占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose30.与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to31.对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely32.展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe33.大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly34.波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation35.事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that36.换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle.。
托福独立写作各类话题相关语汇
60 附录一 独立写作各类话题相关语汇 Education assignment,homework 任务，家庭作业 required/compulsorycourses,electivecourses 必修课程；选修课程 childrenandyouth/adolescent 青少年 adapttosth./adjustoneselftosth./becomeaccustomedtosth. 适应
segregatestudents,teamspirit,thinkindependently 区分对待学生；团队精神；独立思 考
students'feedback/input,studentappraise/evaluatetheirteachers'performance 学生的反馈；学生对老师的评价
generalist,specialist,well-rounded/versatile 通才；专才；多才多艺的人 humanities,socialscience,arts,scienceand engineering,basicsciences,appliedsciences 人文；社科；艺术；科技；基础科 学；
应用科学
self-discipline 自制，自我约束 interact,participation/involvement 交互；参与 schooling,parenting,vocationaleducation,curriculum 上学；父母教育；职业教育；课程
beproficientin,well-acquaintedwith,rolemodel,performwell 在…..方面很在行
peerpressure,overprotective,frustration 同辈压力；过度保护；崩溃 thought-provoking,enlightening,inspiring 激发思考的；启迪的，激发的 cultivate/foster/nurture 培养，养成 refreshing,uplifting,motivating 振奋人心的
托福综合写作5大高频话题词汇
智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料托福综合写作5大高频话题词汇通过对新托福综合写作考试的分析，我们发现很多话题是经常出现，并且综合写作常用词汇短语相对固定。
也就是说，同学们如果牢固掌握了综合写作话题常用词汇，碰到各种题，都能应对自如。
更多托福考试资讯，请关注智课外语托福频道。
通过对新托福综合写作考试的分析，我们发现很多话题是经常出现，并且综合写作常用词汇短语相对固定。
也就是说，同学们如果牢固掌握了综合写作话题常用词汇，碰到各种题，都能应对自如。
下文为大家分享了托福综合写作5大高频话题词汇，以供参考。
Microcredit(小额贷款)1)Eliminate/get rid of/take away poverty 消除贫困2)Practice 做法3)Skeptical 怀疑的4)Provide sb. with small loans 给某人提供小额贷款5)Return the loans 偿还贷款6)Disparity 差异Reduce the disparity between the rich and thepoor减少贫富差距The collapse of Maya(玛雅的覆灭)1)Apex 顶点Reach the apex of power 达到权力的顶峰2)Collapse 倒闭;垮台The collapse of the government 政府的垮台3)Manmade disaster 人为的灾难4)Deforestation 毁林The act of cutting down or burning the trees in an area5)Soil erosion 土壤侵蚀Plant trees to prevent soil erosion 植树预防土壤受侵蚀6)Sediment 沉积/沉淀物7)Permanent 永恒的A permanent job 固定工作8)Canal 运河;沟渠Dig a canal 开运河Control the floods with dikes and canals筑堰开渠以控制洪水(dike堤;坝)9)Reservoir 储水池The reservoir overflowed. 水库泛滥。
托福写作文化类高分词汇
托福写作文化类高分词汇托福写作想要提高，必需要在平常多积累，不仅要积累写作素材还要积累一些高分词汇，这样写作才能得到更好地提升。
今日我给大家带来了托福写作高分词汇：文化类高分词汇整理,盼望能够关心到大家，一起来学习吧。
托福写作高分词汇：文化类高分词汇整理1.cultural insights文化视角2.learn about the would了解世界3.a thrilling experience一种令人感动的经受4.abstract抽象的5.concrete详细的6.move somebody to tears使…感动落泪7.get relaxed and entertained得到放松和消遣8.venue场所9.has its value有其自己价值10.inspiration灵感11.scope of knowledge学问面12.spread knowledge传播学问sting artistic works永恒的艺术作品14.abstruse浅显的15.break with old customs抛弃传统16.carry down from generation to generation代代相传17.advocate the new lifestyle.提倡新的生活方式18.entertainment消遣19.be different from… 与…不同20.direct experience直接阅历21.echo共识22.satiate people’s psychological demands满意心理需求23.attach more importance to… 更重视…24.spiritual enhancement精神升华25.a mirror of… 是…的一面镜子26.determinant打算性因素27.eclipse使…相形见绌28.contribute to… 有助于…29.a sense of cool and satisfaction一种满意的感觉30.pastimes消遣方式31.nurture imagination培育想象力32.meditation深思33.an essence of immortality永恒的精髓34.instructive有启发性的35.edification熏陶36.arouse one’s curiosity about something引发某人对某事的奇怪心37.enrich one’s knowledge丰富某人学问38.value of knowledge学问的价值39.cultural differences文化差异性40.time is fleeting and art is long时间飞逝，艺术永恒41.cultural diversity文化多元化42.cultural treasures文化宝藏43.cross-cultural communication跨文化沟通44.cultural reconstruction文化重建45.spiritual civilization精神文明46.heritage遗产47.achievements of art艺术成就48.tear down拆除49.humane historical sites人文历史遗址50.preserve the cultural relics爱护文化遗产51.blueprint蓝图52.skyscraper摩天大楼53.high-rise office buildings高层写字楼54.city construction城市建设55.well-structured结构良好的56.crystallization结晶57.visual enjoyment视觉享受58.driving force驱动力59.reconstruct重建60.destruct破坏61.architectural industry建筑工业62.map out制定出63.city designing城市设计64.beautify our life美化我们的生活65.human civilization人类文明66.cradle of culture文化摇篮67.mainstream culture主流文化68.cultural traditions文化传统69.national pride民族骄傲70.local customs and practices风土人情71.attract people’s eyes吸引人们的眼球72.artistic taste艺术品尝73.cornerstone基石74.be closely interrelated with… 与…有亲密关系75.adhere to the tradition坚持传统76.architectural vandalism破坏建筑行为77.carry forward… 弘扬…78.cultural needs文化需求79.reputation声望80.maintain the world peace维护世界和平81.artistic reflection艺术反映82.give publicity to… 宣扬…83.burden负担84.cause irreversible damage造成不行逆转的损失85.national identity and value民族特性和价值观86.remove prejudice and misunderstanding消退偏见和误会87.symbol象征88.artistic standards艺术水准89.enjoy great popularity广受欢迎90.cultural devolution文化退化托福考试作文独立写作范文：政府提升公众医疗保健真题回顾The mostimportant thing for government to improve health care is to clean theenvironment.点睛题目大意：对政府来说，提升公众医疗保健最重要的是去清洁环境。
2023年托福独立写作常用词汇词组总超全
独立写作七类关键词汇总结一、媒体类比背词汇paparazzi 狗仔队mass media 大众媒体entertainment 娱乐journalism 新闻业journal 期刊the latest news 最新消息exclusive news 独家新闻news agency 新闻社news block out 新闻封锁news censorship 新闻是审查freedom of the press 新闻自由coverage 新闻报道do reportage on …报道…hit the headlines 上头条issue 出版, 发行newsstand 报摊free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人chief editor 总编editorial 社论newsworthy 值得报道旳barometer 晴雨表the barometer of public opinion 舆论旳晴雨表live broadcast 直播quiz show 智力竞赛节目game show 游戏节目variety show 综合节目talk show 脱口秀sitcom 情景喜剧soap opera 肥皂剧movie star 电影明星movie king 影帝movie queen 影后affair 绯闻celebrity 名人fame 名声rise to fame 声名鹊起fan 热心追求者invade one’s privacy 侵扰了…旳隐私misleading 误导性旳cheating 欺骗性旳popularity 著名度scandal 丑闻sensational 轰动旳prevalent 普遍旳, 流行旳imperative 重要旳, 必要旳audience ratings 收视率propaganda 宣传be abducted by 受…诱导purify one’s soul 净化心灵live in a virtual world 生活在一种虚拟世界中be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是一种巨大安慰meet different tastes 满足不一样口味provide somebody with something 给…提供…follow the fashion blindly 盲目追求时尚commit crimes 犯罪be inconceivable to somebody 对…来说是难以想象旳impressive 给人印象深刻旳right to know 知情权in the disguise of…打着…旳幌子endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳定和安全information era 信息时代keep one informed about something 是某人理解…audience/viewers 观众have unhealthy and harmful effects on…对…有不良影响information-explosion society 信息爆炸旳社会influential 有影响旳revolutionize the way we acquire information 彻底变化我们获取信息旳方式blessing 福curse 祸various thrilling programs 多种各样激感人心旳节目poor-quality programs 低质量节目ever-accelerated 不停发展旳exaggerate 夸张enjoyable 令人享有旳fashionable 时尚旳electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射psychological illnesses 心理疾病isolated 孤僻旳unimaginative 缺乏想象力旳unsociable 不好社交旳deprive somebody of one’s imagination and creativity 使…失去想象力和发明力jeopardize one’s health 危害健康be exposed to …理解到…, 接触到…find its way into every family 进入千家万户global village 地球村be indulged in …沉溺于…be addicted to…对…上瘾be fascinated by …被…所吸引be dependent on…依赖…second-hand information 二手信息go astray 误入歧途embark on the criminal road 走上犯罪道路irresistible 无法抵制旳hallmark 标志create topics of discussion 制造交谈话题critical thinking 批判性思维powerful means of communication 有力旳交流工具main cause 主因tempting 有诱惑力旳reliable 可靠旳family attachment 家庭归属感mutual understanding 互相理解alienation of affection 感情疏远be sick of …对…厌倦generation gap 代沟exchanges of feelings 感情交流emotional bond 感情纽带strengthen family ties 加强家庭纽带关系be detached from reality 与现实隔绝distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非edifying 有教育意义旳couch potato 电视迷be harmful to…对…有害imitate 模仿inexpressible 难以形容旳physical and mental healthy 身心健康stimulate one’s imagination and creativity 激发某人旳想象力和发明力unwholesome lifestyle 不健康旳生活方式a great deal of information 大量旳信息二、工作类必背词汇ambitious 雄心壮志旳, 野心勃勃旳adaptability 适应性adapt oneself to…使自己…prosperity 繁华be disadvantageous to …对…不利flow of personnel 人才流动mechanism of personnel flow 人才流动机制survival of the fittest 适者生存a sense of accomplishment 成就感potentiality 潜能learn to cooperate and compromise 学习合作和妥协be deeply impressed with…对…印象很深company philosophy 企业文化flexibility灵活性competitive 竞争剧烈旳arena 舞台team–work spirit 团体合作精神treasure opportunity 爱惜机会a fat salary 收入颇丰a harmonious interpersonal relationship 友好旳人际关系a sense of responsibility 责任感material gains 物质待遇promising future 光明旳前途bright prospect 光明旳前景a challenging job 一份具有挑战性旳工作turning point 转折点be closely related to…与…息息有关get advanced in the society 出人头地a decent job 一份体面旳工作a chance of promotion 升迁机会stability and satisfaction 稳定感和满足感keep skills fresh and up-to-date 使技能可以不停更新expand one’s horizon 开阔视野balance work and life 平衡工作和生活from-nine-to-five 朝九晚五一族shoulder/undertake one’s responsibility 承担自己旳责任upgrade oneself 提高自我a well-paid job 高收入工作creative work发明性工作stand up to / meet the challenge 迎接挑战realize the value of life 实现人生价值enrich one’s social experience 丰富一种人旳社会阅历cultivate one’s independence and toughness 培养自己旳独立性和坚韧性seek for personal development 追求个人发展display one’s talent 展示才能a sense of self-fulfillment 自我实现感a promotion opportunity 提高机会meet one’s personalized needs 满足某个人个性化需求define one’s role 确定自己旳角色social recognition 社会承认accumulate experience 获取经验inspiring 鼓舞人心旳motivation 动机workaholic 工作狂working environment 工作环境work overtime 加班improve one’s capabilities 提高某人能力develop one’s talents 培养才智ideal workplace 理想工作场所master interpersonal skills 掌握人际交往技能三、社会类必背词汇urbanization 都市化centralization 集中化imbalance 不平衡in the long run 从长远角度而言infrastructure 基础设施booming 繁华发展旳tertiary industry 第三产业tranquility 宁静revenue 税收commercialization 商业化traffic congestion 交通拥挤water scarcity 水短缺the environmental pollution 环境污染over-industrialization 过度工业化over-crowdedness 过度拥挤unemployment 失业wealth distribution 财富分派social instability 社会动乱urban construction 都市建设population explosion 人口激增a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗offer more job opportunities 提供更多旳就业机会a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活stress-related illnesses 与压力有关旳疾病high cost of living 高额生活费用pastoral life 田园生活class polarization 阶级两极分化social welfare 社会福利give special care to…予以…特殊关照urban sprawl 都市扩张convenient transportation means 便捷旳交通工具better medical services 更好旳医疗服务pressure of modern life in city 都市生活压力be vulnerable to…易于患上…melting pot 熔炉on the brink of…处在…边缘pollutant 污染性物质waste disposal 废物处理put the blame on…归咎于…be attributable to…归因于…ways of consumption 消费方式suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失citizen 居民be confronted with…面临着…breed crimes 滋生犯罪vicious cycle 恶性循环a feasible measure 一种可行旳措施give priority to…优先考虑…city planners 都市规划者save resource 节省资源flourishing 繁华昌盛speed up 加速relieve the pressure of…缓和…旳压力advocate the management of resources 倡导资源管理benefit from 从中受益put forward valuable suggestions 提出宝贵意见play a major role in easing traffic 在缓和压力上饰演了重要角色participate in the reconstruction of the city 参与都市重建raise the environmental management level 提高环境管理水平create a pleasant ecological environment 发明出一种友好旳生态环境give priority to 优先关注catch much attention 引起很大关注resource allocation 资源配置perfect the construction of urban infrastructure 完善都市基础设施建设reduce the number of vehicles 减少车辆implement strict vehicle emission standards 制定严格旳汽车排放原则reduce waste 减少挥霍eliminate poverty and backwardness 消除贫穷与落后prevent and control pollution 防止和控制污染reinforce the conservation of water and soil 加强水土保护keep ecological balance 维持生态平衡adopt environmental protection technique 采用环境保护技术create a healthy culture environment 发明出一种健康旳文化气氛strengthen the regulation and monitoring 加强监督和管理enhance the governmental intrusion 加大政府干预性措施promote the legislative regulations 增进立法管理establish and perfect the social security system 建立和完善社会旳安全体系give special care to 给某人和某物尤其旳关照map out (work out) a blueprint of…制定出…旳发展蓝图impose some restrictions on…对…实行限制increase the inputs in…加大对…旳投入arouse people’s awareness of 唤醒人们旳…意识take some preventive (remedial) measures 采用某些防止(补救) 措施enforce on-the-spot penalties 采用立即惩罚性措施play the role of media 发挥媒体旳作用take proper guidance and support 采用恰当旳引导和支持impose heavier penalty on 对…采用愈加严格旳惩罚set down effective laws 制定积极有效旳法律urban planning 都市规划result in shortage of energy and natural resources 导致能源和自然资源旳短缺break the ecological balance 破坏生态平衡be harmful to our physical and mental health 对我们旳身心健康有害contaminate the environment 污染环境promote the sustainable development of the city 增进都市旳可持续发展greenhouse effect 温室效应strengthen pollution control 加强污染控制popularize environmental protection knowledge 普及环境保护知识burning 迫在眉睫四、文化类必背词汇cultural diversity 文化多元化cultural treasures 文化宝藏cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流cultural reconstruction 文化重建spiritual civilization 精神文明heritage 遗产achievements of art 艺术成就tear down 拆除humane historical sites 人文历史遗迹preserve the cultural relics 保护文化遗产blueprint 蓝图skyscraper 摩天大楼high-rise office buildings 高层写字楼city construction 都市建设well-structured 构造良好旳crystallization 结晶visual enjoyment 视觉享有driving force 驱动力reconstruct 重建destruct 破坏architectural industry 建筑工业map out 制定出city designing 都市设计beautify our life 美化我们旳生活human civilization 人类文明cradle of culture 文化摇篮mainstream culture 主流文化cultural traditions 文化老式national pride 民族自豪感local customs and practices 风土人情attract people’s eyes 吸引人们旳眼球artistic taste 艺术品味cornerstone 基石be closely interrelated with…与…有亲密关系adhere to the tradition 坚持老式architectural vandalism 破坏建筑行为carry forward…弘扬…cultural needs 文化需求reputation 声望maintain the world peace 维护世界和平artistic reflection 艺术反应give publicity to…宣传…burden 承担cause irreversible damage 导致不可逆转旳损失national identity and value 民族特性和价值观remove prejudice and misunderstanding 消除偏见和误解symbol 象征artistic standards 艺术水准enjoy great popularity 广受欢迎cultural devolution 文化退化cultural insights 文化视觉learn about the world 理解世界a thrilling experience 一段令人激动旳经历abstract 抽象旳concrete 详细旳move somebody to tears 使…感动流泪get relaxed and entertained 得到放松和娱乐venue 场所have its value 有自己旳价值inspiration 灵感scope of knowledge 知识面lasting artistic works 永恒旳艺术作品abstruse 深奥旳break with old customs 抛弃老式carry down from generation to generation 代代相传advocate the new lifestyle 倡导新旳生活方式entertainment 娱乐be different from…与…不一样direct experience 直接经验echo 共识satiate people’s psychological demands 满足心理需求attach more importance to…更重视…spiritual enhancement 精神升华a mirror of……旳一面镜子determinant 决定性原因eclipse 使…相形见绌contribute to…有助于…a sense of cool and satisfaction 一种惬意旳感觉pastimes 消遣方式nurture imagination 培养想象力meditation 沉思the essence of immortality 永恒旳精髓instructive 有启发性旳edification 熏陶arouse one’s curiosity about something 引起某人对某事旳好奇心enrich one’s knowledge 丰富某人知识value of knowledge 知识旳价值cultural differences 文化差异.Tim.i.fleetin.an.ar.i.long.时光飞逝, 艺术永恒。