管理类联考基础英语词汇100词

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管理学常用英文单词

管理学常用英文单词

Aaccess discrimination 进入歧视action research 动作研究adjourning 解散adhocracy 特别结构administrative principle 管理原则artifacts 人工环境artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠avoiding learning 规避性学习ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略Bbalance sheet 资产负债表BCG matrix 波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality 有限理性bureaucracy 官僚机构benchmarking 标杆瞄准bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法boundary-spanning roles 跨超边界作用CComputer-aided design and computer-automated manufacturing(CAD/CAM) 计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产confrontation 对话consortia 企业联合change agent 变革促进者chaos theory 混沌理论charismatic leaders 魅力型领导者charity principle 博爱原则coercive power 强制权cohesiveness 凝聚力collaborative management 合作型管理comparable worth 可比较价值competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准confrontation meeting 碰头会constancy of purpose 永久性目标contingency approach 权变理论corporate social performance 公司社会表现corporate social responsibility公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应critical incident 关键事件current assets 流动资产current liabilities 流动负债culture strength 文化强度creative department 创造性部门craft technology 技艺性技术contextual dimension 关联性维度continuous process production 连续加工生产collectivity stage 集体化阶段clan control 小团体控制clan culture 小团体文化coalition 联合团体collaborative 协作网络centrality 集中性centraliazation 集权化charismatic authority 竭尽忠诚的权力Ddecentralization 分权democracy management 民主管理departmentalization 部门化differential rate system 差别报酬系统dialectical inquiry methods 辩证探求法division of labor 劳动分工downward mobility 降职流动dynamic engagement 动态融合dynamic network 动态网络domain 领域direct interlock 直接交叉divisional form 事业部模式differentiation strategy 差别化战略decision premise 决策前提dual-core approach 二元核心模式Eelectronic data-processing(EDP) 电子数据处理employee-oriented style 员工导向型风格empowerment 授权encoding 解码end-user computing 终端用户计算系统entrepreneurship 企业家精神equity 净资产equity theory 公平理论espoused value 信仰价值ethnocentric manager 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory 期望理论expense budget 支出预算expense center 费用中心external audit 外部审计external stakeholders 外部利益相关者extrinsic rewards 外部奖励ethic ombudsperson 伦理巡视官external adaption 外部适应性elaboration stage 精细阶段entrepreneurial stage 创业阶段escalating commitment 顽固认同Ffamily group 家庭集团financial statement 财务报表flat hierarchies 扁平型结构flexible budget 弹性预算force-field theory 场力理论formal authority 合法权力formal systematic appraisal 正式的系统评估franchise 特许经营权formalization stage 规范化阶段functional grouping 职能组合formal channel of communication 正式沟通渠道Ggame theory 博弈论general financial condition 一般财务状况geocentric manager 全球化管理者general manager 总经理globalization 全球化gossip chain 传言链grapevine 传言网global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系general environment 一般环境generalist 全面战略geographic grouping 区域组合global company 全球公司global geographic structure 全球区域结构HHawthorne effect 霍桑效应heuristic principles 启发性原理hierarchy 科层制度hiring specification 招聘细则horizontal linkage model 横向联系模型hybrid structure 混合结构high tech 高接触high-velocity environments 高倍速环境Iimpoverished management 放任式管理Iincome statement 损益表information transformation 信息转换infrastructure 基础设施integrative process 整合过程intelligent enterprises 智力企业internal audit 内部审计internal stakeholder 内部相关者internship 实习intrapreneurship 内部企业家精神intrinsic reward 内在报酬inventory 库存, 存货internal integration 内部整合interorganization relationship 组织间的关系intergroup conflict 团体间冲突interlocking directorate 交叉董事会institutional perspective 机构的观点intuitive decision making 直觉决策idea champion 构思倡导者incremental change 渐进式变革informal organizational structure 非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal 非正式业绩评价Jjob description 职务描述job design 职务设计job enlargement 职务扩大化job enrichment 职务丰富化job rotation 职务轮换job specialization 职务专业化Kkey performance areas 关键业务区key result areas 关键绩效区Llabor productivity index 劳动生产力指数laissez management 自由化管理large batch production 大批量生产lateral communication 横向沟通leadership style 领导风格least preferred co-worker(LPC)最不喜欢的同事legitimate power 合法权力liability 负债liaison 联络者line authority 直线职权liquidity 流动性liaison role 联络员角色long-linked technology 纵向关联技术losses from conflict 冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership 低成本领先Mmanagement by objective 目标管理Managerial Grid 管理方格matrix bosses 矩阵主管management champion 管理倡导者materials-requirements planning(MRP) 物料需求计划Mslow,s hierarchy of needs 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument 管理文化多元化营销观multiculturalism 文化多元主义multidivisional firm 多部门公司moral rules 道德准则management by walking around(MBWA) 走动式管理matrix structure 矩阵结构multinational enterprise(MNE) 跨国公司moral relativism 道德相对主义mechanistic system 机械式组织middle-of-the-road management 中庸式管理meso theory 常态理论multidomestic strategy 多国化战略mediating technology 调停技术Nnaïve relativism 朴素相对主义need-achievement 成就需要norming 规范化norms 规范nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策nonsubstitutability 非替代性nonroutine technology 非例行技术niche 领地Ooff-the-job training 脱产培训on-the-job training 在职培训operational budget 运营预算order backlog 订单储备organic system 有机系统organizational development(OD) 组织发展orientation 定位outcome interdependence 结果的相互依赖性outplacement services 外延服务organization ecosystem 组织生态系统Pparadox of authority 权威的矛盾paradox of creativity 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure 开放的矛盾paradox of identify 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality 个性的矛盾paradox of regression 回归的矛盾partial productivity 部分生产率participative management 参与式管理path-goal model 路径目标模型peer recruiter 同级招聘political action committees(PACs) 政治活动委员会polycentric manager 多中心管理者portfolio framework 业务组合框架portfolio investment 资产组合投资positive reinforcement 正强化production flexibility 生产柔性profitability 收益率programmed decisions 程序化决策psychoanalytic view 精神分析法paradigm 范式personal ratios 人员比例pooled dependence 集合性依存professional bureaucracy 专业官僚机构problem identification 问题识别problemistic search 问题搜寻population ecology model 种群生态模型Qquality 质量quality circle 质量圈question mark 问题类市场quid pro quo 交换物Rrational model of decision making 理性决策模式realistic job preview(RJP) 实际工作预览reciprocal interdependence 相互依存性resource dependence 资源依赖理论routine technology 例行技术retention 保留rational approach 理性方法rational model 理性模型rational-legal authority 理性—合法权威Ssemivariable cost 准可变成本sense of potency 力量感sensitivity training 敏感性训练sexual harassment 性骚扰short-run capacity changes 短期生产能力变化single-strand chain 单向传言链situational approach 情境方法situational force 情境力量situational leadership theory 情境领导理论sliding-scale budget 移动规模预算small-batch production 小规模生产sociotechnical approaches 社会科技方法span of management 管理幅度staff authority 参谋职权standing plan 长设计划step budget 分步预算stewardship principle 管家原则stimulus 刺激storming 调整阶段strategic management 战略管理strategic partnering 战略伙伴关系strategy formulation 战略制定strategy implementation 战略实施strategic control 战略控制strategic contingencies 战略权变satisficing 满意度subsystems 子系统subunits 子单位synergy 协同system boundary 系统边界structure dimension 结构性维度sequential interdependence 序列性依存self-directed team 自我管理型团队specialist 专门战略strategy and structure changes 战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency 结构无效的特征Ttall hierarchies 高长型科层结构task force or project team 任务小组或项目团队task independence 任务的内部依赖性task management 任务型管理task-oriented style 任务导向型管理风格total productivity 全部生产率Total Quality Management 全面质量管理training positions 挂职培训training program 培训程序transactional leaders 交易型领导transformational leaders 变革型领导treatment discrimination 歧视待遇two-factory theory 双因素理论two-boss employees 双重主管员工technical or product champion 技术或产品的倡导者Uunfreezing 解冻unit production 单位产品Vvariation 变种子variety 变量valence 效价variable costs 可变成本vertical communication 纵向沟通vertical integration 纵向一体化vestibule training 仿真培训volume flexibility 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage 纵向连接venture team 风险团队value based leadership 基于价值的领导Wwin-lose situation 输赢情境win-win situation 双赢情境workforce literacy 员工的读写能力work in progress 在制品work flow redesign 工作流程再造成work flow automation 工作流程自动化whistle blowing 揭发Zzero-sum 零---和zone of indifference(area of acceptance) 无差异区域(可接受区域)。

2020管理类联考英语词汇5500大纲词(1)

2020管理类联考英语词汇5500大纲词(1)

2020管理类联考英语词汇5500大纲词(1)2020管理类联考英语词汇5500大纲词(1)1 a art.一(个);每一(个);(同类事物中)任一个2 abandon vt.离弃,丢弃;遗弃,抛弃;放弃3 abdomen n.腹,下腹(胸部到腿部的部分)4 abide vi.(abode,abided)(by)遵守;坚持5 ability n.能力;本领;才能,才干;专门技能,天资6 able a.有(能力、时间、知识等)做某事,有本事的7 abnormal a.反常的,不正常的,不规则的8 aboard ad.&prep.在船(飞机、车)上;ad.上船(飞机)9 abolish vt.废除(法律、习惯等);取消10 abound vi.大量存在;(in,with)充满,富于11 about ad.在周围;大约 prep.关于;在周围 a.准备12 above a.上述的 ad.在上面 prep.在..之上,高于13 abroad ad.到国外,在国外;在传播,在流传14 abrupt a.突然的,出其不意的;(行为等)粗鲁无礼的15 absence n.缺乏,不存在;缺席,不在;缺席的时间16 absent a.缺席的;缺乏的,不存在的;心不在焉的17 absolute a.绝对的,完全的;确实的,肯定的18 absorb vt.吸收(水、光、蒸汽等);使全神贯注19 abstract a.抽象的 n.摘要,梗概 vt.提取;摘录要点20 absurd a.荒谬的,荒诞的,荒唐可笑的;不合理的21 abundance n.丰富,充裕,大量22 abundant a.大量(充足)的;(in)丰富(富裕)的23 abuse vt.滥用;辱骂;诋毁 n.滥用;恶习;弊端24 academic a.学院的,大学的;学术性的;理论的25 academy n.(高等)专科院校;学术社团,协会,研究院26 accelerate v.使加速,使增速,促进 vi.加快,增加27 accent n.口音,腔调;重音(符号)vt.重读28 accept vt.接受,领受;认可,同意 vi.同意,认可29 acceptance n.接受,接收,验收,接纳;承认,认可30 access n.进入;接入;到达;享用权;入口 vi.存取31 accessory n.附件,附属品;(为全套衣服增加美感的)服饰32 accident n.意外遭遇,事故;意外(因素)33 accidental a.偶然的;意外的;无意中的34 acclaim v.向…欢呼,公认 n.欢呼,喝彩,称赞35 accommodate vt.向…提供住处;对...予以照顾性考虑36 accommodation n.(accommodations)住宿,留宿;膳宿供应37 accompany v.陪伴,陪同;伴随,和...一起发生,伴奏38 accomplish v.实现(计划等);达到(目的);完成(任务)39 accord vt.给予(欢迎、称颂等) vi.&n.符合,一致40 accordance n.一致,和谐,符合41 according to prep.据/照…(所说、所写);按…,视…42 accordingly ad.相应地,照着办,按照;于是,因此43 account a.叙述,说明;账目,账户 vi.说明,解释44 accountant n.会计人员,会计师45 accumulate vt.堆积,积累,积聚vi.累积,聚积46 accuracy n.准确(性);精确;准确度47 accurate a.正确无误的;准确的,精确的48 accuse vt.控告,指责 vi.指控,指责49 accustomed a.惯常的;习惯的,适应的(一般作表语)50 ache vi.痛;哀怜 n.(指连续)疼痛、酸痛i。

管理类考研英语词汇

管理类考研英语词汇

管理类考研英语词汇accountancy n. 会计学;会计业务acquisition n. 收购,取得,学到administration n. 管理;政府;行政agenda n. 议事日程allocation n. 分配;配给analysis n. 分析;分解appraisal n. 评价,估价audit n. 审计;核查authority n. 权威,管理机构budget n. 预算certification n. 证明,证书competition n. 竞争;比赛consultation n. 咨询,讨论control n. 管理;控制coordination n. 协调;配合database n. 数据库decision-making n. 决策;决定delegation n. 委派,授权development n. 发展;建设efficiency n. 效率;效能evaluation n. 评价;评估finance n. 财政;金融governance n. 治理;管理human resources n. 人力资源implementation n. 实施,贯彻inspection n. 检查;检验investigation n. 调查;审查leadership n. 领导maintenance n. 保养;维护management n. 管理marketing n. 市场营销negotiation n. 谈判;协商organization n. 组织oversight n. 监督,检查planning n. 计划;规划policy n. 政策;措施process n. 过程;程序project n. 项目;工程public relations n. 公共关系recruitment n. 招聘,征募research n. 研究restructuring n. 重组;重结构review n. 审查;复查risk management n. 风险管理scheduling n. 调度;排定strategy n. 战略;策略supervision n. 监督systematic adj. 有系统的teamwork n. 合作;团队精神transaction n. 交易;处理training n. 培训;训练versatility n. 多才多艺;通用性。

管理学常用英文单词-含音标

管理学常用英文单词-含音标

管理学常用词汇A 11access discrimination ['æksɛs] [dɪ,skrɪmɪ'neʃən]进入歧视action research ['ækʃən] ['risɝtʃ] 动作研究;行为研究adjourning [ə'dʒɝnɪŋ] 解散期;解散阶段;中止阶段adhocracy [æd'hɔkrəsi] 无固定结构的管理方式或组织;临时委员会组织;administrative principle [əd'mɪnɪstretɪv] ['prɪnsəpl] 管理原则advanced negotiation[əd'vænst] [nɪ,ɡoʃɪ'eʃən]高级谈判alignment[ə'laɪnmənt] 结盟artifacts ['a:rtifækts]人工环境artificial intelligence [,ɑrtɪ'fɪʃl] [ɪn'tɛlɪdʒəns] 人工智能、巧匠avoiding learning [ə'vɔɪdɪŋ] ['lɜːnɪŋ]规避性学习ambidextrous approach [,æmbɪ'dekstrəs] [ə'prɔtʃ]双管齐下策略B 9balance sheet ['bæləns] [ʃit]资产负债表bias['baɪəs] 偏见BCG matrix( BCG:Boston Consulting Group['bɔstən] [kən'sʌltɪŋ] [gru ːp]) ['metrɪks] 波士顿矩阵,波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications [,bəunə'faidi] [,ɑkju'peʃən] [,kw ɑləfə'keʃən] 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality ['baʊndɪd] [,ræʃən'æləti]有限理性bounded rationality perspective ['baʊndɪd] [,ræʃən'æləti] [pə'spekt ɪv]有限理性方法bureaucracy [bjʊ'rɑkrəsi]官僚机构benchmarking ['bentʃ,mɑ:kiŋ] 标杆管理;标记;确定基准点boundary-spanning roles ['baʊndri] ['spæniŋ] [rolz] 跨超边界作用C 42capturing value through pricing['kæptʃɚrɪŋ] ['vælju] [θru] ['praɪsɪŋ] 通过定价获取价值change agent [tʃendʒ] ['edʒənt] 变革推动者,促变者challenge ['tʃælɪndʒ]挑战chaos theory ['keɑs] ['θiəri] 混沌理论charismatic leaders [,kærɪz'mætɪk] ['lidɚz]魅力型领导者charity principle ['tʃærəti] ['prɪnsəpl] 博爱原则closing bell['klozɪŋ] [bɛl]收盘corporate social responsibility ['kɔrpərət] ['soʃl] [rɪ,spɑnsə'bɪləti]企业的社会责任competitive strategy[kəm'pɛtətɪv] ['strætədʒi]竞争战略;竞争策略confrontation [,kɑnfrənfrʌn'teʃən] 对话, 对抗;面对;对质confrontation meeting [,kɑnfrən'teʃən] ['mitɪŋ] 碰头会consortia [kən'sɔ:tɪə] 企业联合、联盟、合作coercive power [kəʊ'ɜːsɪv] ['paʊə] 强制权,强制力cohesiveness [ko'hisɪvnɪs] 凝聚力collaborative management [kə'læbəretɪv] ['mænɪdʒmənt]合作型管理comparable worth ['kɑmpərəbl] [wɝθ]可比价值;同值同酬competitive benchmarking [kəm'petɪtɪv] ['bentʃ,mɑ:kiŋ]竞争性基准competitive strategy[kəm'pɛtətɪv] ['strætədʒi]竞争策略constancy of purpose ['kɑnstənsi] [əv] ['pɜːpəs] 永久性目标contingency approach [kən'tɪndʒənsi] [ə'protʃ] 权变理论;权变方法;随机应变法corporate governance['kɔrpərət] ['gʌvɚnəns]企业管治corporate social performance ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [pə'fɔːm(ə)ns]企业社会绩效;公司社会表现corporate social responsibility ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [rɪ,spɑnsə'bɪləti]公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [rɪ'spɑnsɪvnɪs]公司社会反应critical incident ['krɪtɪkl] ['ɪnsɪdənt] 危机事故;关键事件current assets ['kʌr(ə)nt] ['æset s] 流动资产current liabilities ['kʌr(ə)nt] [,laɪə'bɪləti]流动负债; 经常性贷款culture strength ['kʌltʃə] [streŋθ]文化强度; 文化力creative department [krɪ'etɪv] [dɪ'pɑrtmənt] 创造性部门creation of value[krɪ'eʃən] [əv] ['vælju]价值创造craft technology [kræft] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi]工艺技术、技艺性技术contextual dimension [kən'tɛkstʃuəl] [daɪ'mɛnʃən]关联性维度continuous process production [kən'tɪnjʊəs] ['prɑsɛs] [prə'dʌkʃən]连续加工生产collectivity stage [,kɑlɛk'tɪvəti] [stedʒ] 集体化阶段clan control [klæn] [kən'trol] 小团体控制clan culture [klæn] ['kʌltʃɚ] 小团体文化coalition [,koə'lɪʃən] 联合;结合,合并;联合团体collaborative [kə'læbəretɪv] 协作网络centrality [sɛn'træləti] 中心;中央;向心性;集中性centralization [,sɛntrəlɪ'zeʃən]集权化;中央集权管理charismatic authority [,kærɪz'mætɪk] [ə'θɔrəti] 魅力型权威、竭尽忠诚的权力customer insight['kʌstəmɚ] ['ɪn'saɪt]消费者洞察力;客户需求D 18decentralization [dɪ'sɛntrəlaɪ'zeʃən]分权;非集权化decision premise [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['premɪs]决策前提democracy management [də'mɑkrəsi] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 民主管理departmentalization [di:pɑ:t,mentəlai'zeiʃən]部门化; 部门划分designing effective organization[dɪ'zaɪnɪŋ] [ɪ'fɛktɪv] [,ɔrɡənə'zeʃən]设计有效的组织development structure[dɪ'vɛləpmənt] ['strʌktʃɚ]发展结构dialectical inquiry methods [,daɪə'lɛktɪkl] ['ɪŋkwaɪri] ['mɛθədz]辩证探求法differentiation strategy [,dɪfərenʃɪ'eɪʃn] ['strætədʒi] 差别化战略;差异化竞争战略differential rate system ['dɪfə'rɛnʃəl] [ret] ['sɪstəm] 差别报酬系统direct interlock [də'rɛkt] ['ɪntɚlɑk] 直接交叉divisional form [də'vɪʒənl] [fɔrm] 事业部模式division of labor [də'vɪʒən] [əv] ['lebɚ] 劳动(力)分工downward mobility ['daʊnwɚd] [mo'bɪləti] 降职流动、社会地位的下降dynamic engagement [daɪ'næmɪk] [ɪn'ɡedʒmənt]动态融合dynamic network [daɪ'næmɪk] ['nɛtwɝk] 动态网络domain [do'men] 领域;;域名;产业;地产dual-core approach ['dʊəl] [kɔr] [ə'protʃ] 二元核心模式dynamics of synergy[daɪ'næmɪks] [əv] ['sɪnɚdʒi]协力优势E 28effective decision making[ɪ'fɛktɪv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mekɪŋ]有效决策制定effective leadership[ɪ'fɛktɪv] ['lidɚʃɪp]有效领导effective conflict resolution[ɪ'fɛktɪv] ['kɑnflɪkt] [rezə'luːʃ(ə)n]高效冲突管理electronic data-processing(EDP) [ɪ,lɛk'trɑnɪk] ['detə] ['prɑsɛsɪŋ]]电子数据处理employee-oriented style [ɪm'plɔɪi] ['orɪɛntɪd] [staɪl] 员工导向型风格empowerment [ɪm'paʊɚmənt] 许可,授权encoding [ɪn'kodɪŋ] 解码; 编码end-user computing ['end,ju:zə] [kəm'pjʊtɪŋ]终端用户计算系统enter ['ɛntɚ]进入;参加enterprise ['ɛntɚ,praɪz]企业entrepreneurship [,ɑntrəprə'nɝʃɪp] 企业家精神equity ['ɛkwəti]平等;相等equity theory ['ɛkwəti] ['θiəri] 公平理论espoused value [ɪ'spaʊzid] ['vælju]信仰价值ethics['eθɪks] 伦理学;伦理观;道德标准ethnocentric manager [,ɛθno'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ] 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory [ɪk'spɛktənsi] ['θiəri] 期望理论expense budget [ɪk'spɛns] ['bʌdʒɪt] 费用预算;支出预算expense center [ɪk'spɛns] ['sɛntɚ]费用中心external audit [ɪk'stɝnl] ['ɔdɪt] 外部审计; 独立审计external stakeholders [ɪk'stɝnl] ['stekholdɚ] 外部利益相关者extreme circumstances[ɪk'strim] ['sɝkəmstæns iz]极端情况extrinsic rewards [ɛks'trɪnsɪk] [rɪ'wɔrdz] 外部奖励;外部报酬ethic ombudsperson ['ɛθɪk] [,ɔmbudz'pɝsn] 伦理巡视官external adaption [ɪk'stɝnl] [ə'dæpʃən] 外部适应性elaboration stage [ɪ,læbə'reʃən] [stedʒ] 精细阶段entrepreneurial stage [,ɑntrəprə'njʊrɪəl] [stedʒ] 创业阶段escalating commitment ['ɛskəletɪŋ] [kə'mɪtmənt] 顽固认同F 14family group ['fæməli] [gruːp] 家族集团;家族企业financing growth[fɪ'nænsɪŋ] [ɡroθ]财务增长financial management [faɪ'nænʃl] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 财务管理;金融管理financial statement [faɪ'nænʃl] ['stetmənt] 财务报表flat hierarchies [flæt] ['haɪə,rɑrkiz] 扁平型结构flexible budget ['flɛksəbl] ['bʌdʒɪt] 弹性预算force-field theory [fɔrs] [fild] ['θiəri] 场力理论formal authority ['fɔrml] [ə'θɔrəti] 正式授权;正式权限;合法权力formal systematic appraisal ['fɔrml] ['sɪstə'mætɪk] [ə'prezl] 正式的系统评估franchise ['fræntʃaɪz] 特许经营权formalization stage [,fɔməlɪ'zeʃən] [stedʒ] 规范化阶段functional grouping ['fʌŋkʃənl] ['ɡrupɪŋ] 职能组合formal channel of communication ['fɔrml] ['tʃænl] [əv] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 正式沟通渠道fundamentals [,fʌndə'mɛntl] 基本面;基本原理G 16game theory [geɪm] ['θiəri] 博弈论general financial condition ['dʒɛnrəl] [faɪ'nænʃl] [kən'dɪʃən] 一般财务状况geocentric manager [,dʒio'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ] 全球化管理者geographic and cultural boundaries[,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] [ənd] ['kʌltʃərəl] ['baʊndri]地理和文化界限global brand['ɡlobl] [brænd]全球品牌global enterprise['ɡlobl] ['ɛntɚ'praɪz]全球化企业global market ['ɡlobl] ['mɑrkɪt]全球市场;国际市场globalization [,ɡləubəlai'zeiʃən] 全球化gossip chain ['ɡɑsɪp] [tʃen] 传言链grapevine ['ɡrepvaɪn] 小道消息;秘密情报网;传言网global strategic partnership ['ɡlobl] [strə'tidʒɪk] ['pɑrtnɚʃɪp] 全球战略伙伴关系general environment ['dʒɛnrəl] [ɪn'vaɪrənmənt] 一般环境;总体环境generalist ['dʒɛnrəlɪst] 通才;多面手;全面战略geographic grouping [,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] ['ɡrupɪŋ] 区域组合global company ['ɡlobl] ['kʌmpəni] 跨国公司;全球公司global geographic structure ['ɡlobl] [,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] ['strʌktʃɚ]全球区域结构H 11Hawthorne effect [hɔθən] [ɪ'fɛkt] 霍桑效应heuristic principles [hjʊ'rɪstɪk] ['prɪnsəpl] 启发性原理hierarchy ['haɪərɑrki] 科层制度high ambition[haɪ] [æm'bɪʃən]更高志向、雄心壮志high commitment[haɪ] [kə'mɪtmənt]高承诺high performance[haɪ] [pɚ'fɔrməns]高效能hiring specification ['haiəriŋ] ['spɛsəfə'keʃən] 招聘细则horizontal linkage model ['hɔrə'zɑntl] ['lɪŋkɪdʒ] ['mɑdl] 横向联系模型hybrid structure ['haɪbrɪd] ['strʌktʃɚ] 混合结构high-velocity environments [haɪ] [və'lɑsəti] [ɪn'vaɪrənmənts] 高速环境human resources['hjumən] [ri'zɔ:siz]人力资源I 23impoverished management [ɪm'pɑvərɪʃt] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 放任式管理 I income statement ['ɪnkʌm] ['stetmənt] 损益表information transformation ['ɪnfɚ'meʃən] [,trænsfɚ'meʃən] 信息转换infrastructure ['ɪnfrə'strʌktʃɚ] 基础设施integrative process ['ɪntɪɡretiv] ['prɑsɛs] 整合过程intelligent enterprises [ɪn'tɛlɪdʒənt] ['ɛntɚ,praɪz]智能企业;智慧型企业internal audit [ɪn'tɝnl] ['ɔdɪt] 内部审计internal stakeholder [ɪn'tɝnl] ['stekholdɚ] 内部相关者internship ['ɪntɝnʃɪp]实习intrapreneurship [,ɪntrəprɛ'nɝʃɪp]内部企业家精神intrinsic reward [ɪn'trɪnsɪk] [rɪ'wɔrd]内在报酬; 内在奖励inventory ['ɪnvəntɔri] 库存, 存货internal integration [ɪn'tɝnl] ['ɪntə'greʃən] 内部整合interorganization relationship [,ɪntɚ'ɔrɡənə'zeʃən l [rɪ'leʃən'ʃɪp] 组织间的关系intergroup conflict ['ɪntɚ'grʊp] ['kɑnflɪkt] 团体间冲突intergroup dynamics ['ɪntɚ'grʊp] [daɪ'næmɪks] 组间动力interlocking directorate [,intə'lɔkiŋ] [də'rɛktərət] 交叉董事会institutional perspective [,ɪnstɪ'tuʃənl] [pɚ'spɛktɪv] 制度视角;机构的观点intuitive decision making [ɪn'tuɪtɪv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mekɪŋ]直觉决策idea champion [aɪ'diə] ['tʃæmpɪən] 构思倡导者incremental change [ɪnkrə'məntl] [tʃendʒ] 渐进式变革; 递增量informal organizational structure [ɪn'fɔrml] [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] ['strʌkt ʃɚ]非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal [ɪn'fɔrml] [pɚ'fɔrməns] [ə'prezl]非正式业绩评价J 6job description [dʒɒb] [dɪ'skrɪpʃən]工作说明;职务描述job design[dʒɒb] [dɪ'zaɪn] 工作设计,职务设计job enlargement [dʒɒb] [ɪn'lɑrdʒmənt] 职务扩大化job enrichment [dʒɒb] [ɪn'rɪtʃmənt] 职务丰富化job rotation [dʒɒb] [ro'teʃən] 职务轮换job specialization [dʒɒb] [,spɛʃəlɪ'zeʃən]职务专业化K 2key performance areas [kiː] [pɚ'fɔrməns] ['ɛrɪəz]关键业务区key result areas [kiː] [rɪ'zʌlt] ['ɛrɪəz]关键绩效区L 18labor productivity index ['lebɚ] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] ['ɪndɛks] 劳动生产力指数laissez management [lei'sei'] ['mænɪdʒmənt]自由化管理large batch production [lɑrdʒ] [bætʃ] [prə'dʌkʃən]大批量生产lateral communication ['lætərəl] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 横向沟通leadership decision ['lidɚʃɪp] [dɪ'sɪʒn]领导决策leadership style ['lidɚʃɪp] [staɪl] 领导风格leadership in teams ['lidɚʃɪp] [ɪn] [timz]团队管理;团队领导力leading a turnaround['lidɪŋ] ['tɝnəraʊnd] 领导转变;管理转变least preferred co-worker(LPC) [list] [prɪ'fɝd] [,kəu'wə:kə] 最不喜欢的同事legitimate power [lɪ'dʒɪtɪmət] ['paʊɚ]合法权力liability ['laɪə'bɪləti] 债务;负债liaison [lɪ'ezɑn] 联络者line authority [laɪn] [ə'θɔrəti] 直线职权liquidity [lɪ'kwɪdəti] 流动性liaison role [lɪ'ezɑn] [rol] 联络员角色long-linked technology [lɔŋ] ['lɪŋkt] technology 纵向关联技术losses from conflict [lɔsiz] [frɒm] ['kɑnflɪkt]冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership [ləʊ] [kɔst] ['lidɚʃɪp] 低成本领先M 21management by objective ['mænidʒmənt] [baɪ] [əb'dʒɛktɪv]目标管理Managerial Grid [,mænə'dʒɪrɪəl] [ɡrɪd] 管理方格matrix bosses ['metrɪks] [bɔsiz] 矩阵主管management champion ['mænɪdʒmənt] ['tʃæmpɪən] 管理倡导者materials-requirements planning(MRP) [mə'tiəriəlz] [ri'kwaiəmənts] ['plænɪŋ]物料需求计划Maslow’s hierarchy of needs ['mæzləu] ['haɪərɑrki] [əv] [nid] 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument ['mɑrkɪtɪŋ] ['ɑrɡjumənt] 管理文化多元化营销观market segmentation['mɑrkɪt][,sɛɡmɛn'teʃən]市场划分;市场细分multiculturalism [,mʌltɪ'kʌltʃərəlɪzm] 文化多元主义multi-divisional firm ['mʌlti] [də'vɪʒənl] [fɝm] 多部门公司moral rules ['mɔrəl] [rulz]道德准则management by walking around(MBWA) ['mænɪdʒmənt] [baɪ] ['wɔkɪŋ] [ə'raʊnd]走动式管理matrix structure ['metrɪks] ['strʌktʃɚ]矩阵结构multinational enterprise(MNE) [,mʌltɪ'næʃnəl] ['ɛntɚ'praɪz]跨国公司moral relativism ['mɔrəl] ['rɛlətɪvɪzəm] 道德相对主义mechanistic system [,mɛkə'nɪstɪk] ['sɪstəm] 机械式组织middle-of-the-road management ['mɪdl] [əv] [ðə] [rod] ['mænɪdʒmənt]中庸式管理meso theory ['mɛso] ['θiəri] 常态理论multi-domestic strategy ['mʌlti] [də'mɛstɪk] ['strætədʒi] 多国化战略mediating technology ['miːdɪeɪtɪŋ] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 调停技术motivation[,motə'veʃən] 动机;积极性;推动N 9naïve relativism [naɪ'iv] ['rɛlətɪvɪzəm] 朴素相对主义need-achievement [nid] [ə'tʃivmənt] 成就需要net asset [nɛt] ['æsɛt]净资产norming ['nɔ:miŋ] 规范化norms [nɔ:ms] 规范non-programmed decisions [nɑn 'proɡrəmd] [dɪ'sɪʒnz]非程序化决策non-substitutability [nɑn,səbstə,tjutə'biləti]非替代性non-routine technology [nɑn rʊ'tin] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 非例行技术niche [nitʃ] 领地; 壁龛;合适的职业;小众O 14off-the-job training ['ɔfðə'dʒɔb ] ['trenɪŋ ] 脱产培训on-the-job training ['ɑnðə'dʒɔb ] ['trenɪŋ ] 在职培训operation[,ɑpə'reʃən]运营operational budget ['ɑpə'reʃənl] ['bʌdʒɪt] 运营预算order backlog ['ɔrdɚ] ['bæklɔɡ] 订单储备organic system [ɔr'gænɪk] ['sɪstəm] 有机系统organizational development(OD) [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] [dɪ'vɛləpmənt]组织发展organizational hierarchies [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] ['haɪə,rɑrki] 组织层级;组织架构organizing for innovation['ɔrgə,naɪz ɪŋ] [fɔː] [,ɪnə'veʃən]组织创新orientation [orɪɛn'teʃən] 定位outcome interdependence ['aʊt'kʌm] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns]结果的相互依赖性outplacement services ['aʊtplesmənt] ['sə:visis] 外延服务overconfidence['ovɚ'kɑnfɪdəns] 过分相信;自负organization ecosystem [,ɔ:ɡənai'zeiʃən] ['ɛko,sɪstəm] 组织生态系统P 27paradox of authority ['pærədɑks] [əv] [ə'θɔrəti]权威的矛盾paradox of creativity ['pærədɑks] [əv] [,krie'tɪvəti] 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure ['pærədɑks] [əv] [dɪs'kloʒɚ] 开放的矛盾paradox of identify ['pærədɑks] [əv], [aɪ'dɛntɪfaɪ] 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality ['pærədɑks] [əv] [,ɪndɪ,vɪdʒu'æləti] 个性的矛盾paradox of regression ['pærədɑks] [əv] [rɪ'ɡrɛʃən] 回归的矛盾partial productivity ['pɑrʃəl] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] 部分生产率participative management [pɑ:'tisipə,tiv] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 参与式管理path-goal model [pæθ] [ɡol] ['mɑdl] 路径目标模型peer recruiter [pɪr] [rɪ'krʊtɚ] 同级招聘political action committees(PACs) [pə'lɪtɪkl] ['ækʃən] [kə'mitiz]政治活动委员会polycentric manager [pɑlɪ'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ]多中心管理者portfolio framework [pɔrt'folɪo] ['fremwɝk] 业务组合框架portfolio investment [pɔrt'folɪo] [ɪn'vɛstmənt] 资产组合投资positive reinforcement ['pɑzətɪv] [,riɪn'fɔrsmənt] 正强化production flexibility [prə'dʌkʃən] [,flɛksə'bɪləti] 生产柔性profitability [,prɑfɪtə'bɪləti] 收益率; 赢利能力;利益率programmed decisions ['proɡr æ md] [dɪ'sɪʒən]程序化决策psychoanalytic view ['saɪko,ænl'ɪtɪk] [vju]精神分析法paradigm ['pærə'daɪm] 范式; 典范personal ratios ['pɝsənl] ['reʃoz]人员比例pooled dependence [puld] [dɪ'pɛndəns]集合性依存professional bureaucracy [prə'feʃənəl] [bjʊ'rɑkrəsi]专业官僚机构problem identification ['prɑbləm] [aɪ'dɛntəfə'keʃən]问题识别problemistic search ['prɔbləmistik] [sɝtʃ]问题搜寻population ecology model [,pɔpju'leiʃən] [ɪ'kɑlədʒi] ['mɑdl]种群生态模型public financing['pʌblɪk] [fɪ'nænsɪŋ]公共融资Q 4quality ['kwɑləti]质量quality circle ['kwɑləti] ['sɝkl] 质量圈question mark ['kwɛstʃən] [mɑːk] 问题类市场quid pro quo ['kwidprəu'kwəu] 交换物; 补偿物;相等物;交换条件;让步条件R 11rational approach ['ræʃnəl] [ə'protʃ] 理性方法rational model ['ræʃnəl] ['mɑdl] 理性模型rational-legal authority ['ræʃnəl] ['ligl] [ə'θɔrəti]理性—合法权威rational model of decision making ['ræʃnəl] ['mɑdl] [əv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mek ɪŋ]理性决策模式realistic job preview(RJP) [,riə'lɪstɪk] [dʒɒb] ['pri'vjʊ]实际工作预览; 述评;reciprocal interdependence [rɪ'sɪprəkl] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns] 相互依存性resource dependence ['risɔrs] [dɪ'pɛndəns] 资源依赖理论retention [rɪ'tɛnʃən] 保留reward system[rɪ'wɔrd] ['sɪstəm]薪酬体系routine technology [rʊ'tin] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 例行技术rules [rulz] 规则;条例S 39semivariable cost [,sɛmaɪ'vɛərɪəbl] [kɔst] 准可变成本sense of potency [sɛns] [əv] ['potnsi]力量感sensitivity training ['sɛnsə'tɪvəti] ['trenɪŋ]敏感性训练sexual harassment ['sɛʃʊəl] [hə'ræsmənt] 性骚扰short-run capacity changes ['ʃɔ:t'rʌn] [kə'pæsəti] [tʃendʒ] 短期生产能力变化single-strand chain ['sɪŋɡl] [strænd] [tʃen] 单向传言链situational approach [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] [ə'protʃ] 情境方法situational force [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] [fɔrs] 情境力量; 情境压力situational leadership theory [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] ['lidɚʃɪp] ['θiəri] 情境领导理论sliding-scale budget ['slaɪdɪŋ] [skel] ['bʌdʒɪt] 移动规模预算small-batch production [smɔl] [bætʃ] [prə'dʌkʃən] 小规模生产sociotechnical approaches ['soʃiə 'tɛknɪkl] [ə'protʃiz]社会科技方法span of management [spæn] [əv] ['mænɪdʒmənt]管理幅度staff authority [stæf] [ə'θɔrəti] 参谋职权; 辅助权限standing plan ['stændɪŋ] [plæn]长设计划step budget [stɛp] ['bʌdʒɪt] 分步预算stewardship principle ['stuɚdʃɪp] ['prɪnsəpl] 管家原则stimulus ['stɪmjələs] 刺激storming ['stɔrmɪŋ] 激荡期;调整阶段strategic acquisitions[strə'tidʒɪk] [,ækwɪ'zɪʃən]战略并购strategic human resources[strə'tidʒɪk] ['hjumən] [ri'zɔ:siz]战略人力资源strategic maketing [strə'tidʒɪk] ['mɑrkɪtɪŋ]战略市场营销strategic management [strə'tidʒɪk] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 战略管理strategic partnering [strə'tidʒɪk] ['pɑrtnɚɪŋ]战略伙伴关系strategy formulation ['strætədʒi] [,fɔrmjə'leʃən] 战略制定strategy implementation ['strætədʒi] [,ɪmpləmɛn'teʃən] 战略实施strategic control [strə'tidʒɪk] [kən'trol] 战略控制strategic contingencies [strə'tidʒɪk] [kən'tɪndʒənsiz] 战略权变satisficing ['sætisfaisiŋ] 满意;满意法;满意度subsystems [sʌb 'sɪstəmz]子系统subunits [sʌb'junɪt] 子单位synergy ['sɪnɚdʒi]协同system boundary ['sɪstəm] ['baʊndri]系统边界structure dimension ['strʌktʃɚ] [daɪ'mɛnʃən] 结构性维度sequential interdependence [sɪ'kwɛnʃl] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns]序列性依存; 相互依存self-directed team[,self di'rektid] [tim]自我管理型团队specialist ['spɛʃəlɪst] 专家;专门战略strategy and structure changes ['strætədʒi] [ənd] ['strʌktʃɚ] [tʃendʒz]战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency ['sɪmptəm] [əv] ['strʌktʃərəl] [dɪ'f ɪʃənsi]结构无效的特征T 17tall hierarchies [tɔl] ['haɪə,rɑrki] 高长型科层结构task force or project team [tæsk] [fɔrs] [əv] ['prɒdʒekt] [tim] 任务小组或项目团队task independence [tæsk] [,ɪndɪ'pɛndəns]任务的内部依赖性task management [tæsk]['mænɪdʒmənt] 任务型管理task-oriented style [tæsk] ['orɪɛntɪd] [staɪl] 任务导向型管理风格team process [tim] ['prɑsɛs] 团队进程;团队合作total productivity ['totl] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] 总生产率total quality management ['totl] ['kwɑləti] ['mænɪdʒmənt]全面质量管理trade agreement [treid] [ə'grimənt] 贸易协定;雇用合同;劳资协议training positions ['trenɪŋ] [pə'zɪʃənz]挂职培训training program ['trenɪŋ] ['proɡræm]培训程序transactional leaders [trænz'ækʃənl] ['lidɚz]交易型领导transformational leaders [,trænzfə'meʃənəl] ['lidɚz]变革型领导treatment discrimination ['tritmənt] [dɪ,skrɪmɪ'neʃən] 歧视待遇two-factory theory [tu] ['fæktri]['θiəri] 双因素理论two-boss employees [tu] [bɔs] [,ɛmplɔɪ'iz]双重主管员工technical or product champion ['tɛknɪkl] [ɔr] ['prɑdʌkt] ['tʃæmpɪən] 技术或产品的倡导者U 2unfreezing [ʌn'friz] 解冻unit production ['junɪt] [prə'dʌkʃən]单位产品V 11variation [,vɛrɪ'eʃən]变化;[生物] 变异,变种variety [və'raɪəti]变量valence ['veləns] 效价variable costs ['vɛrɪəbl] [kɔsts] 可变成本vertical communication ['vɝtɪkl] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 纵向沟通vertical integration ['vɝtɪkl] ['ɪntə'greʃən] 纵向一体化vestibule training ['vɛstɪbjul] ['trenɪŋ] 仿真培训volume flexibility ['vɑljum] [,flɛksə'bɪləti] 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage ['vɝtɪkl] ['lɪŋkɪdʒ]纵向连接venture team ['vɛntʃɚ] [tim] 风险团队value based leadership ['vælju] [best] ['lidɚʃɪp] 基于价值的领导W 7win-lose situation [wɪn] [luz] [,sɪtʃu'eʃən] 输赢情境win-win situation ['wɪn'wɪn] [,sɪtʃu'eʃən] 双赢情境workforce literacy ['wɝkfɔrs] ['lɪtərəsi]员工的读写能力work in progress [wɝk] [ɪn] ['prɑɡrɛs]在制品work flow redesign [wɝk] [flo] [,ridɪ'zaɪn] 工作流程再造成work flow automation [wɝk] [flo] [,ɔtə'meʃən]工作流程自动化whistle blowing ['wɪsl] ['bloɪŋ]揭发;举报Z 2zero-sum ['ziro'sʌm]零和;零和博弈zone of indifference(area of acceptance) [zon] [əv] [ɪn'dɪfrəns](['ɛr ɪə] [əv] [ək'sɛptəns])无差异区域(可接受区域)。

学术英语单词

学术英语单词

学术英语(管理类)单词第一单元free enterprise自由企业制度adversity不幸,逆境capitalistic 资本主义的compelling 令人信服的array 大群,大量stockholder 股东work force 劳动力prospective 可能的underestimat 低估de dication 奉献perseverance 坚忍mailable 可邮寄的cooperative 合作完成的on-demand 按要求的b illionaire 亿万富翁undercapitalization 资本不足convertible 敞篷汽车sander 打磨机vendor 卖家stockbroker 股票经纪人personality 名人facet 一个方面mutual fund 共同基金oceanic evaporation 海洋蒸发business plan 经营策划customer service 顾客服务fraud 欺骗road map 指南transaction 交易price-targeting strategy 区别定价战略pricing 定价hassle 困难,麻烦self-targeting 使自己成为目标prise 撬开insensitive 不敏感的,反应迟钝的recipe 菜谱make sth. of sb/sth. 利用(机遇)illuminating 使清楚易懂的turn sth on its head使……与之前相反的premium 溢价profitable 有利可图的chili 小红辣椒triple 使成三倍markup 涨价whopping 巨大的crisp 薯片snack 吃零食admittedly 确实,无可否认的irritated 生气的outwit 以智取胜close substitutes 功能接近的替代品business landscape 商业格局,商业环境competitive dynamics 竞争的态势social web 社交网站sicial networking site(SNS)社交网站Facebook Wall 脸谱的涂鸦墙call center 呼叫中心support staff 向客户提供支持的员工competitive advantage 竞争优势adoption of new technology 新技术的采用log in 登陆news feed 即使新闻,动态消息target audience 目标受众text message 手机短信overestimate 高估relevance 重要性mainframe 主机underway 在进行中portal 门户网站order of magnitude 数量级traffic 受到访问cohort 一批人feat 事迹technophobic 畏惧技术的overly 太unnavigable 无法导航的anonymous 匿名的blur 变模糊recipient 接受者rep 代表instantaneous瞬间的gospel 信念responsive 敏感的collaborative 协作的smartphone 智能手机axis 参考轴线leap-frog 革命性的产品enterpreneur 企业家price sensitive/insenstive 对价格敏感sale force 销售队伍第二单元4 Ps of marketing:营销4P理论,包括产品,渠道,价格和促销marketing manager 营销经理target market 目标市场discount store 折扣商品exclusive distribution 独家经销pbulic relations 公共关系sales promotion 促销event marketing 事件营销marketer 营销人员stakeholder 股东commonality 共同特性manIpulation 操纵charged 引起强烈感情的maximize 使……最大化e ntice 诱惑nutritious 有营养的sociological 社会学的scent 气味tangible 可触知的intangible 触摸不到的boutique 精品店lifeblood 命脉capitalism 资本主义profitability 利润the act of sales 销售行为manage customer relationships管理客户关系business philosophy 经营理念satisfy consumer requirements 满足客户需求manIpulate the tools of marketing 实用营销工具,操纵市场营销的工具entice consumers to buy products 吸引消费者购买产品effective marketing 有效营销ideal target market 理想目标市场promote products 促销产品利益最大化maximize interest产品包装the packaging of the product 产品设计与生产the design and manufacturing of the product 知名品牌established brand 消费产品consumer a product减少生产成本cut the cost of manufacturing stupidity 愚蠢robust 强健的icon 偶像senseless 无道理的accessory 配饰,配件hindsight 事后聪明in/with hindsight 事后认识excrement 粪便detergent 洗涤剂powerhouse 强大的组织acument 敏锐superiority 优势iconic 偶像的shampoo 洗发剂retaile r 零售商disposable 用后即丢弃的diaper 尿布offshore 国外的to say the least 最起码stunningly 极好的tampon 月经棉布taboo 禁忌normalization 正常化billboard 广告牌over-brand 品牌建设过度venture capital firm 风险投资公司paid listing 付费列表give sth a whirl try sth that you are not sure you are going to like or able to do 尝试cull 挑选algorithm 算法experientially 基于经验的phenomenally 非凡地bog sth down make sth delayed so that no progress is made 使停顿extraneous 非必要的sho w of hands 举手示意accountancy 会计工作protfolio 业务或投资组合momentum 动量photon 光子advertising 广告business philosophy 经营理念personal selling 个人销售第三单元merchandising strategy 铺货策略,产品陈列策略logistics 物流,后勤inventory 存货,库存overstocking 存货过剩understocking 库存不足fis cal 财年slowdowm 减速,衰退joint venture 合资企业supercenter大型超市merchandise 商品,货物headwind 逆风tortilla 墨西哥玉米饼gravitate 被吸引customization 定制persistence 坚持不懈centerpiece核心mesh 相配Styrofoam 聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料Cellophane 玻璃纸turn one’s nose up at sth 瞧不起antagonism 对抗hypermarket 大型超市operations strategy 运营策略growth strategy 发展策略consumer preference 消费者偏好international expansion 国际扩展shopping behavior 购物行为strategy of everyday Iow price 每天低价策略keep inventory to a minimum 库存最小化stock option 认股权licensing agreement 特许权协议foreign direct investment (FDI)外国直接投资premium 优质的roast 烘焙enchant 迷住brew 泡(茶),煮(咖啡)beverage 饮料pastry 糕点obscurity 无名franchise 给予特许经营权licensee 执照持有人replicate 复制adhere 坚持parameter 特点sk eptic 怀疑者brisk 轻快的,兴旺的embark on sth 着手royalty 特许权使用费specification 规格disenchanted 不抱幻想的subsidiary 分公司wholly-owned subsidiary 全资子公司majority stake 多数股权an order of magnitude 数量级RSVP(reply please or please respond)请回复niche 利基市场magnitude 大小domain 域名authentication 证明initiate 开始outnumber 数量上超过privacy 隐私categorize 使……分类cachet 声望ironic 有讽刺意味的instrumental 对……有重要作用的longevity 持续时间beget 引起hierarchy 等级entail 导致know-how 诀窍accumulate 积累第四单元strategic planning 战略规划business ethics 商业道德personal integrity 个人诚信knowledge worker 知识工作者cost of labor 劳动力成本added value 附加价值customer segment 客户细分市场equivocate 含糊其辞ambivalent 有矛盾心里的reiterate 重申resonance 共鸣baffle 使困惑flock 聚集charismatic 有号召力的endeavor 尝试,努力intuitively 直觉地doctoral 博士的give sth. prominence 重视right-minded 有正义感的archivist 档案保管员distillation 观点,摘要ethics 伦理baseline 基线motivation 动力admonish 告诫wanting 有欠缺的admonition 告诫millennium 一千年casualty 受害者dexterity 灵巧paradigm 范式restate 重申relate to sb/sth feel that you understand sb’s problem,situation认同profound 深邃的effective leadership 有效领导management practice 管理实践strategic planning 战略规划mission 使命vision statement 愿景宣言objective 客观的/中短期目标performance 绩效insight 洞察力Investor training schemes 人力投资奖HR director 人力资源总监CSR(corporate social responsibility)企业社会责任MD(managing director)常务董事,董事总经理grill 在(烤架上)炙烤formative (对某人或某事发展)有重大影响的from……onward 从……起一直multinational 跨国的unfold 开展portfolio 业务或投资组合franchise 特许经营权,加盟店accreditation 鉴定合格prestigious 享有声望的buddy 伙伴,好朋友induction 入职培训coaching 培训funky 时尚的eclectic 兼收并蓄的junction 连接点roll out 逐步推广ethos 风气contingency 意外事件procurement 采购recruitment 招聘hygiene 卫生progression 进步ena bler 促成因素diversity 多元化competency 能力occurrence 发生的事physiological 生理的self-act ualization 自我实现hierarchical 等级制度的esteem 尊敬nourishment 营养esthetics 美学profound 感情)强烈的lever 方法intuItIve 直觉的contradict 与……矛盾leading indicator领先指标income statement 损益表balance sheet 资产负债平衡表lagging indicator 滞后指标hierarchy of needs 需求金字塔第五单元B2B(business-to-business)企业对企业的电子商务B2C:企业对消费者的电子商务carrying cost 置存成本(维持成本)General Motors 通用汽车公司computer industry almanac 计算机产业年鉴公司wholesaler 批发商supplier供应商bid 出价navigate 浏览(网站)individualized 有个性的formidable 了不起的shakeout 重大改革opti mism 乐观主义analyst 分析家broadband 宽带allocate 分配project 预测cost-effective 合算的originate 起源于demographic 人口统计的societal 社会的e-business models 电子商务模式reduce expenses 减少开销corporate clients 企业客户unsold inventory 未售存货wholesalers and retailers 批发商和零售商comparison shopping 比较购物buying perferences 购物偏好individualized service 个性化服务创造销售收入generate sales revenues简化交易程序facilitate sales transactions标价合理,高品质的产品fairly priced, high-quality computer products. 大量的原材料large quantities of raw materials 增加购买量increase the volume of purchases 与消费者建立长期的关系build long-term relationships with the customers互联网的宽带连接broadband access to the Internet conduct business 开展业务growth opportunity 增长时机Chief Marketing Officer(CMO)市场总监companion ticket 同伴优惠票gift certificate 购物礼券bookmark 把……添加到收藏夹lucrative 利润丰厚的roam 漫游,闲逛gnome (故事)地精the spotlight 媒体的关注rock-bottom 最低价usability 可用性mourn 为……哀痛outfit 全套服装fashionista 时尚达人wunderkind 神童pretax 纳税前的chic 时髦的showcase 展示glossy 服装杂志decode 解(密码)exponentially 成倍地purveyor 供应商tidal 潮水似的hover 徘徊fabulous 极好的upheaval 激变fray 使烦恼coverage 新闻报道runway 时装表演台avant-garde 先锋的学术英语单词(1-5)第一单元1. free enterprise自由企业制度2. adversity不幸,逆境3. capitalistic 资本主义的4. compelling 令人信服的5. array 大群,大量6. stockholder 股东7. work force 劳动力8. prospective 可能的9. underestimate 低估10. dedication 奉献11. perseverance 坚忍12. mailable 可邮寄的13. cooperative 合作完成的14. on-demand 按要求的15. billionaire 亿万富翁16. undercapitalization 资本不足17. convertible 敞篷汽车18. sander 打磨机19. vendor 卖家20. stockbroker 股票经纪人21. personality 名人22. facet 一个方面23. mutual fund 共同基金24. oceanic evaporation 海洋蒸发25. business plan 经营策划26. customer service 顾客服务27. fraud 欺骗28. road map 指南29. transaction 交易30. price-targeting strategy 区别定价战略31. pricing 定价32. hassle 困难,麻烦33. self-targeting 使自己成为目标34. prise 撬开35. insensitive 不敏感的,反应迟钝的36. recipe 菜谱37. make sth. of sb/sth. 利用(机遇)38. illuminating 使清楚易懂的39. turn sth on its head使……与之前相反的40. premium 溢价41. profitable 有利可图的42. chili 小红辣椒43. triple 使成三倍44. markup 涨价45. whopping 巨大的46. crisp 薯片47. snack 吃零食48. admittedly 确实,无可否认的49. irritated 生气的50. outwit 以智取胜51. close substitutes 功能接近的替代品52. business landscape 商业格局,商业环境53. competitive dynamics 竞争的态势54. social web 社交网站55. sicial networking site(SNS)社交网站56. Facebook Wall 脸谱的涂鸦墙57. call center 呼叫中心58. support staff 向客户提供支持的员工争优势60. adoption of new technology 新技术的采用61. log in 登陆62. news feed 即使新闻,动态消息63. target audience 目标受众64. text message 手机短信65. overestimate 高估66. relevance 重要性67. mainframe 主机68. underway 在进行中69. portal 门户网站70. order of magnitude 数量级71. traffic 受到访问72. cohort 一批人73. feat 事迹74. technophobic 畏惧技术的75. overly 太76. unnavigable 无法导航的77. anonymous 匿名的78. blur 变模糊79. recipient 接受者80. rep 代表81. instantaneous瞬间的82. gospel 信念学术英语(管理类)单词学术英语单词第一单元free enterprise自由企业制度adversity不幸,逆境capitalistic 资本主义的compelling 令人信服的array 大群,大量stockholder 股东work force 劳动力prospective 可能的underestimate 低估dedication 奉献perseverance 坚忍mailable 可邮寄的cooperative 合作完成的on-demand 按要求的billionaire 亿万富翁undercapitalization 资本不足convertible 敞篷汽车sander 打磨机vendor 卖家stockbroker 股票经纪人personality 名人facet 一个方面mutual fund 共同基金oceanic evaporation 海洋蒸发business plan 经营策划customer service 顾客服务fraud 欺骗road map 指南transaction 交易price-targeting strategy 区别定价战略pricing 定价hassle 困难,麻烦self-targeting 使自己成为目标prise 撬开insensitive 不敏感的,反应迟钝的recipe 菜谱make sth. of sb/sth. 利用(机遇)illuminating 使清楚易懂的turn sth on its head使……与之前相反的premium 溢价profitable 有利可图的chili 小红辣椒triple 使成三倍markup 涨价whopping 巨大的crisp 薯片snack 吃零食admittedly 确实,无可否认的irritated 生气的outwit 以智取胜close substitutes 功能接近的替代品business landscape 商业格局,商业环境competitive dynamics 竞争的态势social web 社交网站sicial networking site(SNS)社交网站Facebook Wall 脸谱的涂鸦墙call center 呼叫中心support staff 向客户提供支持的员工competitive advantage 竞争优势adoption of new technology 新技术的采用log in 登陆news feed 即使新闻,动态消息target audience 目标受众text message 手机短信overestimate 高估relevance 重要性mainframe 主机underway 在进行中portal 门户网站order of magnitude 数量级traffic 受到访问cohort 一批人feat 事迹technophobic 畏惧技术的overly 太unnavigable 无法导航的anonymous 匿名的blur 变模糊recipient 接受者rep 代表instantaneous瞬间的gospel 信念responsive 敏感的collaborative 协作的smartphone 智能手机axis 参考轴线leap-frog 革命性的产品enterpreneur 企业家price sensitive/insenstive 对价格敏感sale force 销售队伍第二单元4 Ps of marketing:营销4P理论,包括产品,渠道,价格和促销marketing manager 营销经理target market 目标市场discount store 折扣商品exclusive distribution 独家经销pbulic relations 公共关系sales promotion 促销event marketing 事件营销marketer 营销人员stakeholder 股东commonality 共同特性manIpulation 操纵charged 引起强烈感情的maximize 使……最大化entice 诱惑nutritious 有营养的sociological 社会学的scent 气味tangible 可触知的intangible 触摸不到的boutique 精品店lifeblood 命脉capitalism 资本主义profitability 利润the act of sales 销售行为manage customer relationships管理客户关系business philosophy 经营理念satisfy consumer requirements 满足客户需求manIpulate the tools of marketing 实用营销工具,操纵市场营销的工具entice consumers to buy products 吸引消费者购买产品effective marketing 有效营销ideal target market 理想目标市场promote products 促销产品利益最大化maximize interest产品包装the packaging of the product 产品设计与生产the design and manufacturing of the product 知名品牌established brand 消费产品consumer a product减少生产成本cut the cost of manufacturing stupidity 愚蠢robust 强健的icon 偶像senseless 无道理的accessory 配饰,配件hindsight 事后聪明in/with hindsight 事后认识excrement 粪便detergent 洗涤剂powerhouse 强大的组织acument 敏锐superiority 优势iconic 偶像的shampoo 洗发剂retailer 零售商disposable 用后即丢弃的diaper 尿布offshore 国外的to say the least 最起码stunningly 极好的tampon 月经棉布taboo 禁忌normalization 正常化billboard 广告牌over-brand 品牌建设过度venture capital firm 风险投资公司paid listing 付费列表give sth a whirl try sth that you are not sure you are going to like or able to do 尝试cull 挑选algorithm 算法experientially 基于经验的phenomenally 非凡地bog sth down make sth delayed so that no progress is made 使停顿extraneous 非必要的show of hands 举手示意accountancy 会计工作protfolio 业务或投资组合momentum 动量photon 光子advertising 广告business philosophy 经营理念personal selling 个人销售第三单元merchandising strategy 铺货策略,产品陈列策略logistics 物流,后勤inventory 存货,库存overstocking 存货过剩understocking 库存不足fiscal 财年slowdowm 减速,衰退joint venture 合资企业supercenter大型超市merchandise 商品,货物headwind 逆风tortilla 墨西哥玉米饼gravitate 被吸引customization 定制persistence 坚持不懈centerpiece 核心mesh 相配Styrofoam 聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料Cellophane 玻璃纸turn one’s nose up at sth 瞧不起antagonism 对抗hypermarket 大型超市operations strategy 运营策略growth strategy 发展策略consumer preference 消费者偏好international expansion 国际扩展shopping behavior 购物行为strategy of everyday Iow price 每天低价策略keep inventory to a minimum 库存最小化stock option 认股权licensing agreement 特许权协议foreign direct investment (FDI)外国直接投资premium 优质的roast 烘焙enchant 迷住brew 泡(茶),煮(咖啡)beverage 饮料pastry 糕点obscurity 无名franchise 给予特许经营权licensee 执照持有人replicate 复制adhere 坚持parameter 特点skeptic 怀疑者brisk 轻快的,兴旺的embark on sth 着手royalty 特许权使用费specification 规格disenchanted 不抱幻想的subsidiary 分公司wholly-owned subsidiary 全资子公司majority stake 多数股权an order of magnitude 数量级RSVP(reply please or please respond)请回复niche 利基市场magnitude 大小domain 域名authentication 证明initiate 开始outnumber 数量上超过privacy 隐私categorize 使……分类cachet 声望ironic 有讽刺意味的instrumental 对……有重要作用的longevity 持续时间beget 引起hierarchy 等级entail 导致know-how 诀窍accumulate 积累第四单元strategic planning 战略规划business ethics 商业道德personal integrity 个人诚信knowledge worker 知识工作者cost of labor 劳动力成本added value 附加价值customer segment 客户细分市场equivocate 含糊其辞ambivalent 有矛盾心里的reiterate 重申resonance 共鸣baffle 使困惑flock 聚集charismatic 有号召力的endeavor 尝试,努力intuitively 直觉地doctoral 博士的give sth. prominence 重视right-minded 有正义感的archivist 档案保管员distillation 观点,摘要ethics 伦理baseline 基线motivation 动力admonish 告诫wanting 有欠缺的admonition 告诫millennium 一千年casualty 受害者dexterity 灵巧paradigm 范式restate 重申relate to sb/sth feel that you understand sb’s problem, situation认同profound 深邃的/b-410de26567ec102de2bd89a7-4.html 划mission 使命vision statement 愿景宣言objective 客观的/中短期目标performance 绩效insight 洞察力Investor training schemes 人力投资奖HR director 人力资源总监CSR(corporate social responsibility)企业社会责任MD(managing director)常务董事,董事总经理grill 在(烤架上)炙烤formative (对某人或某事发展)有重大影响的from……onward 从……起一直multinational 跨国的unfold 开展portfolio 业务或投资组合franchise 特许经营权,加盟店accreditation 鉴定合格prestigious 享有声望的buddy 伙伴,好朋友induction 入职培训coaching 培训funky 时尚的eclectic 兼收并蓄的junction 连接点roll out 逐步推广ethos 风气contingency 意外事件procurement 采购recruitment 招聘hygiene 卫生progression 进步enabler 促成因素diversity 多元化competency 能力occurrence 发生的事physiological 生理的self-actualization 自我实现hierarchical 等级制度的esteem 尊敬nourishment 营养esthetics 美学profound 感情)强烈的lever 方法intuItIve 直觉的contradict 与……矛盾leading indicator领先指标income statement 损益表balance sheet 资产负债平衡表lagging indicator 滞后指标hierarchy of needs 需求金字塔第五单元B2B(business-to-business)企业对企业的电子商务B2C:企业对消费者的电子商务carrying cost 置存成本(维持成本)General Motors 通用汽车公司computer industry almanac 计算机产业年鉴公司wholesaler 批发商supplier供应商bid 出价navigate 浏览(网站)individualized 有个性的formidable 了不起的shakeout 重大改革optimism 乐观主义analyst 分析家broadband 宽带allocate 分配project 预测cost-effective 合算的originate 起源于demographic 人口统计的societal 社会的e-business models 电子商务模式reduce expenses 减少开销corporate clients 企业客户unsold inventory 未售存货wholesalers and retailers 批发商和零售商comparison shopping 比较购物buying perferences 购物偏好individualized service 个性化服务创造销售收入generate sales revenues简化交易程序facilitate sales transactions标价合理,高品质的产品fairly priced, high-quality computer products. 大量的原材料large quantities of raw materials 增加购买量increase the volume of purchases 与消费者建立长期的关系build long-term relationships with the customers互联网的宽带连接broadband access to the Internet conduct business 开展业务growth opportunity 增长时机Chief Marketing Officer(CMO)市场总监companion ticket 同伴优惠票gift certificate 购物礼券bookmark 把……添加到收藏夹lucrative 利润丰厚的roam 漫游,闲逛gnome (故事)地精the spotlight 媒体的关注rock-bottom 最低价usability 可用性mourn 为……哀痛outfit 全套服装fashionista 时尚达人wunderkind 神童pretax 纳税前的chic 时髦的showcase 展示glossy 服装杂志decode 解(密码)exponentially 成倍地purveyor 供应商tidal 潮水似的hover 徘徊fabulous 极好的upheaval 激变fray 使烦恼coverage 新闻报道runway 时装表演台avant-garde 先锋的time-starved 时间紧张的honor system 诚信制度encryption 加密unencrypt 不加密installment 部分defer 推迟entirety 全面infrastructure 公共建设alternate 可供替代的cap 对规定限额untrustworthy 不能信赖的viable 切实可行的serialization 连载tweak 稍稍调整in conjunction 与……协力tight-lipped 闭口不谈的flippant 轻率的flip 按动(开关)distribution channel 分销渠道e-commerce infrastructure 电子商务基础设施enhance reputation 提高声誉sales transaction 销售事务vacation package 旅行套餐(计划)学术英语单词(1-5)第一单元1. free enterprise自由企业制度2. adversity不幸,逆境3. capitalistic 资本主义的4. compelling 令人信服的5. array 大群,大量6. stockholder 股东7. work force 劳动力8. prospective 可能的9. underestimate 低估10. dedication 奉献11. perseverance 坚忍12. mailable 可邮寄的13. cooperative 合作完成的14. on-demand 按要求的15. billionaire 亿万富翁16. undercapitalization 资本不足17. convertible 敞篷汽车18. sander 打磨机19. vendor 卖家20. stockbroker 股票经纪人21. personality 名人22. facet 一个方面23. mutual fund 共同基金24. oceanic evaporation 海洋蒸发25. business plan 经营策划26. customer service 顾客服务27. fraud 欺骗28. road map 指南29. transaction 交易30. price-targeting strategy 区别定价战略31. pricing 定价32. hassle 困难,麻烦33. self-targeting 使自己成为目标34. prise 撬开35. insensitive 不敏感的,反应迟钝的36. recipe 菜谱37. make sth. of sb/sth. 利用(机遇)38. illuminating 使清楚易懂的39. turn sth on its head使……与之前相反的40. premium 溢价41. profitable 有利可图的42. chili 小红辣椒43. triple 使成三倍44. markup 涨价45. whopping 巨大的46. crisp 薯片47. snack 吃零食48. admittedly 确实,无可否认的49. irritated 生气的50. outwit 以智取胜51. close substitutes 功能接近的替代品52. business landscape 商业格局,商业环境53. competitive dynamics 竞争的态势54. social web 社交网站55. sicial networking site(SNS)社交网站56. Facebook Wall 脸谱的涂鸦墙57. call center 呼叫中心58. support staff 向客户提供支持的员工59. competitive advantage 竞争优势60. adoption of new technology 新技术的采用61. log in 登陆62. news feed 即使新闻,动态消息63. target audience 目标受众64. text message 手机短信65. overestimate 高估66. relevance 重要性67. mainframe 主机68. underway 在进行中69. portal 门户网站70. order of magnitude 数量级71. traffic 受到访问72. cohort 一批人73. feat 事迹74. technophobic 畏惧技术的75. overly 太76. unnavigable 无法导航的77. anonymous 匿名的78. blur 变模糊79. recipient 接受者80. rep 代表81. instantaneous瞬间的82. gospel 信念83. responsive 敏感的84. collaborative 协作的85. smartphone 智能手机86. axis 参考轴线87. leap-frog 革命性的产品88. enterpreneur 企业家89. price sensitive/insensitive 对价格敏感90. sale force 销售队伍第二单元1. 4 Ps of marketing:营销4P理论,包括产品,渠道,价格和促销2. marketing manager 营销经理3. target market 目标市场4. discount store 折扣商品5. exclusive distribution 独家经销6. Public relations 公共关系7. sales promotion 促销8. event marketing 事件营销9. marketer 营销人员10. stakeholder 股东11. commonality 共同特性12. Manipulation 操纵13. charged 引起强烈感情的14. maximize 使…最大化15. entice 诱惑16. nutritious 有营养的17. sociological 社会学的18. scent 气味19. tangible 可触知的20. intangible 触摸不到的21. boutique 精品店22. lifeblood 命脉23. capitalism 资本主义24. profitability 利润25. the act of sales 销售行为26. manage customer relationships管理客户关系27. business philosophy 经营理念28. satisfy consumer requirements 满足客户需求29. Manipulate the tools of marketing 实用营销工具,操纵市场营销的工具30. entice consumers to buy products 吸引消费者购买产品31. effective marketing 有效营销32. ideal target market 理想目标市场33. promote products 促销产品35.36.37.38.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.62.63.64.65.66.67.68.69.70.71.72.73.74.75.76.77.产品包装the packaging of the product 产品设计与生产the design and manufacturing of the product 知名品牌established brand 消费产品consumer a product 减少生产成本cut the cost of manufacturing stupidity 愚蠢robust 强健的icon 偶像senseless 无道理的accessory 配饰,配件hindsight 事后聪明in/with hindsight 事后认识excrement 粪便detergent 洗涤剂powerhouse 强大的组织Acumen 敏锐superiority 优势iconic 偶像的shampoo 洗发剂retailer 零售商disposable 用后即丢弃的diaper 尿布offshore 国外的to say the least 最起码stunningly 极好的tampon 月经棉布taboo 禁忌normalization 正常化billboard 广告牌over-brand 品牌建设过度venture capital firm 风险投资公司paid listing 付费列表give sth a whirl try sth that you are not sure you are going to like or able to do 尝试cull 挑选algorithm 算法experientially 基于经验的phenomenally 非凡地bog sth down make sth delayed so that no progress is made 使停顿extraneous 非必要的show of hands 举手示意accountancy 会计工作protfolio 业务或投资组合momentum79. advertising 广告80. business philosophy 经营理念81.personal selling 个人销售第三单元1. merchandising strategy 铺货策略,产品陈列策略2. logistics 物流,后勤3. inventory 存货,库存4. overstocking 存货过剩5. understocking 库存不足6. fiscal 财年7. slowdowm 减速,衰退8. joint venture 合资企业9. supercenter大型超市10. merchandise 商品,货物11. headwind 逆风12. tortilla 墨西哥玉米饼13. gravitate 被吸引14. customization 定制15. persistence 坚持不懈16. centerpiece 核心17. mesh 相配18. Styrofoam 聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料19. Cellophane 玻璃纸20. turn one’s nose up at sth 瞧不起21. antagonism 对抗22. hypermarket 大型超市23. operations strategy 运营策略24. growth strategy 发展策略25. consumer preference 消费者偏好26. international expansion 国际扩展27. shopping behavior 购物行为28. strategy of everyday low price 每天低价策略29. keep inventory to a minimum 库存最小化30. stock option 认股权31. licensing agreement 特许权协议32. foreign direct investment (FDI)外国直接投资33. premium 优质的34. roast 烘焙35. enchant 迷住36. brew 泡(茶),煮(咖啡)37. beverage 饮料38. pastry 糕点39. obscurity 无名40. franchise 给予特许经营权41. licensee 执照持有人42. replicate 复制43. adhere 坚持44. parameter 特点45. skeptic 怀疑者46. brisk 轻快的,兴旺的47. embark on sth 着手48. royalty 特许权使用费49. specification 规格50. disenchanted 不抱幻想的51. subsidiary 分公司52. wholly-owned subsidiary 全资子公司53. majority stake 多数股权54. an order of magnitude 数量级55. RSVP(reply please or please respond)请回复56. niche 利基市场57. magnitude 大小58. domain 域名59. authentication 证明60. initiate 开始61. outnumber 数量上超过62. privacy 隐私63. categorize 使……分类64. cachet 声望65. ironic 有讽刺意味的66. instrumental 对……有重要作用的67. longevity 持续时间68. beget 引起69. hierarchy 等级70. entail 导致71. know-how 诀窍72. accumulate 积累第四单元1. strategic planning 战略规划2. business ethics 商业道德3. personal integrity 个人诚信4. knowledge worker 知识工作者5. cost of labor 劳动力成本6. added value 附加价值7. customer segment 客户细分市场8. equivocate 含糊其辞9. ambivalent 有矛盾心里的10. reiterate 重申11. resonance 共鸣12. baffle 使困惑13. flock 聚集14. charismatic 有号召力的15. endeavor 尝试,努力16. intuitively 直觉地17. doctoral 博士的18. give sth. prominence 重视19. right-minded 有正义感的20. archivist 档案保管员21. distillation 观点,摘要22. ethics 伦理23. baseline 基线24. motivation 动力25. admonish 告诫26. wanting 有欠缺的27. admonition 告诫28. millennium 一千年29. casualty 受害者30. dexterity 灵巧31. paradigm 范式32. restate 重申33. relate to sb/sth feel that you understand sb’s problem, situation认同34. profound 深邃的35. effective leadership 有效领导36. management practice 管理实践37. strategic planning 战略规划38. mission 使命39. vision statement 愿景宣言40. objective 客观的/中短期目标41. performance 绩效42. insight 洞察力43. Investor training schemes 人力投资奖44. HR director 人力资源总监45. CSR(corporate social responsibility)企业社会责任46. MD(managing director)常务董事,董事总经理47. grill 在(烤架上)炙烤48. formative (对某人或某事发展)有重大影响的49. from……onward 从……起一直50. multinational 跨国的51. unfold 开展52. portfolio 业务或投资组合53. franchise 特许经营权,加盟店54. accreditation 鉴定合格55. prestigious 享有声望的56. buddy 伙伴,好朋友57. induction 入职培训58. coaching 培训59. funky 时尚的60. eclectic 兼收并蓄的61. junction 连接点62. roll out 逐步推广63. ethos 风气64. contingency 意外事件65. procurement 采购66. recruitment 招聘67. hygiene 卫生68. progression 进步69. enabler 促成因素70. diversity 多元化71. competency 能力72. occurrence 发生的事73. physiological74. self-actualization 自我实现75. hierarchical 等级制度的76. esteem 尊敬77. nourishment 营养78. esthetics 美学79. profound 感情)强烈的80. lever 方法81. Intuitive 直觉的82. contradict 与……矛盾83. leading indicator领先指标84. income statement 损益表85. balance sheet 资产负债平衡表86. lagging indicator 滞后指标87. hierarchy of needs 需求金字塔第五单元1. B2B(business-to-business)企业对企业的电子商务2. B2C:企业对消费者的电子商务3. carrying cost 置存成本(维持成本)4. General Motors 通用汽车公司5. computer industry almanac 计算机产业年鉴公司6. wholesaler 批发商7. supplier供应商8. bid 出价9. navigate 浏览(网站)10. individualized 有个性的11. formidable 了不起的12. shakeout 重大改革13. optimism 乐观主义14. analyst 分析家15. broadband 宽带16. allocate 分配17. project 预测18. cost-effective 合算的19. originate 起源于20. demographic 人口统计的21. societal 社会的22. e-business models 电子商务模式23. reduce expenses 减少开销24. corporate clients 企业客户25. unsold inventory 未售存货26. wholesalers and retailers 批发商和零售商27. comparison shopping 比较购物28. buying preferences 购物偏好29. individualized service 个性化服务30. 创造销售收入generate sales revenues31. 简化交易程序32. facilitate sales transactions33. 标价合理,高品质的产品fairly priced,high-quality computer products.34. 大量的原材料35. large quantities of raw materials36. 增加购买量37. increase the volume of purchases38. 与消费者建立长期的关系39. build long-term relationships with the customers40. 互联网的宽带连接41. broadband access to the Internet42. conduct business 开展业务43. growth opportunity 增长时机44. Chief Marketing Officer(CMO)市场总监45. companion ticket 同伴优惠票46. gift certificate 购物礼券47. bookmark 把……添加到收藏夹48. lucrative 利润丰厚的49. roam 漫游,闲逛50. gnome (故事)地精51. the spotlight 媒体的关注52. rock-bottom 最低价53. usability 可用性54. mourn 为……哀痛55. outfit 全套服装56. fashionista 时尚达人57. wunderkind 神童58. pretax 纳税前的59. chic 时髦的60. showcase 展示61. glossy 服装杂志62. decode 解(密码)63. exponentially 成倍地64. purveyor 供应商65. tidal 潮水似的66. hover 徘徊67. fabulous 极好的68. upheaval 激变69. fray 使烦恼70. coverage 新闻报道71. runway 时装表演台72. avant-garde 先锋的73. time-starved 时间紧张的74. honor system 诚信制度75. encryption 加密76. unencrypt 不加密77. installment 部分78. defer 推迟79. entirety 全面80. infrastructure 公共建设81. alternate 可供替代的82. cap 对规定限额83. untrustworthy 不能信赖的84. viable 切实可行的85. serialization 连载86. tweak 稍稍调整87. in conjunction 与……协力88. tight-lipped 闭口不谈的89. flippant 轻率的90. flip 按动(开关)91. distribution channel 分销渠道92. e-commerce infrastructure 电子商务基础设施提高声誉旅行套餐(计划)93. enhance reputation 94. sales transaction 销售事务95. vacation packageMarketingthe act of sales销售行为manage customer relationships客户关系管理business philosophy经营理念satisfy consumer requirements满足消费者需求manipulate the tools of marketing操纵营销工具entice consumers to buy products诱导消费者购买产品effective marketing有效营销ideal target market理想的目标市场promote products促销产品利益最大化maximize interest产品包装the packaging of the product产品设计与生产the design and manufacturing of the product 知名品牌an established brand消费产品consume a product独家经销exclusive distribution事件营销event marketing减少生产成本cut the cost of manufacturinge-commerce site 电子商务网站robust growth 强劲的增长。

管理学-管理学常用英语词汇

管理学-管理学常用英语词汇

管理学英语词汇(1)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 目标mission/ objective内部环境internal environment外部环境external environment集体目标group objective计划planning组织organizing人事staffing步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理general manager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientific management现代经营管理modern operational management行为科学behavior science生产率productivity激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function产品product服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization人力投入human input盈余surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory经验法the empirical approach人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach 社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach人际关系human relation心理学psychology态度attitude压力pressure冲突conflict招聘recruit鉴定appraisal选拔select培训train报酬compensation授权delegation of authority协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度merit system表现behavior下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspection record误工记录record of labor-hours lost销售量sales volume产品质量quality of products先进技术advanced technology顾客服务customer service策略strategy结构structure领先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规则rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy大型联合企业conglomerate资源resource购买acquisition增长目标growth goal专利产品proprietary product竞争对手rival晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price供货商supplier小贩vendor利益冲突conflict of interests派生政策derivative policy开支帐户expense account批准程序approval procedure管理学英语词汇(2)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine-hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividen病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine-hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividend现金状况cash position资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment生产能力capacity to produce实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result业绩performance个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture目标管理management by objectives 评价工具appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques 控制手段control device个人价值personal worth优势strength弱势weakness机会opportunity威胁threat个人责任personal responsibility顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective优先priority工资表payroll策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star 问号question mark现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy战术tactics追随followership管理学英语词汇(3)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的fle个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs for self-actualization 尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs安全的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover奖励reward特许经营franchise热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm人际交往能力interpersonal skills行政管理能力administrative ability智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader民主式领导democratic leader自由放任式领导free-rein leader管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership管理学英语词汇(4) 知识管理BBalanced scorecard平衡计分卡CCapability能力Chief knowledge officer(CKO)首席知识管Chief learning officer(CLO) 首席学习管、学习经理Collaboration 协同运作Core competence核心能力Corporate innovation公司(企业)创新Corporate knowledge base公司(企业)知识库Corporate university企业(企业)大学Customer relation management(CRM)客户关系管理DData mining资料挖掘Data warehouse(DW)数据仓库Discussion 讨论区Dicision supporting system(DSS)决策支持系统Digital Nervous System数字神经系统Document Management 文件(文档)管理Ee-learning电子学习、在线学习Enterprise Resource Planning企业资源计划Executive Information System主管支持系统Expert System专家系统Expert Yellow Page 专家黄页Enterprise Information Portal(EIP)企业入口网站Explicit Knowledge显性知识FFunction功能Functional Capability功能能力GGlobal Knowledge Management全球知识管理HHigh-level Learning 高阶学习IInformation Technology 信息科技Information Retrieval信息检索Infrastructure基础建设Innovation Capital创新资本、创新资产Innovation Index 创新指数Innovation Indicator创新指标Intelletual Asset智慧资产Intelletual Capital(IC)智慧资本、智慧资产Intelletual Property智慧财产、智财Intelligence智慧Intelligence Capital智慧资本Internalization内化Islands of Knowledge知识孤岛KKnow How专门技术Knowledge知识Knowledge Access知识存取Knowledge Acquirer知识买方Knowledge Acquisiton知识获取Knowledge Architcture知识基本结构Knowledge Asset知识资产Knowledge Assimilation知识吸收Knowledge Audit知识审计Knowledge Balance Sheet知识资产负债表Knowledge Base知识基础Knowledge-Base Company知识企业Knowledge-Base Economy知识经济Knowledge Base Industry 知识产业Knowledge Map知识地图Knowledge Broker知识中介Knowledge Capability知识能力Knowledge Capital知识资本Knowledge Coach知识教练Knowledge Community知识社区Knowledge Copy知识复制Knowledge Depository知识库Knowledge Discovery知识发现Knowledge Ecology知识生态学Knowledge Economy知识经济Knowledge Enterprise知识企业Knowledge Expense知识费用Knowledge Flow知识流通、知识流量Knowledge Gap知识缺口Knowledge Information Technology知识信息技术Knowledge Internalization知识内化Knowledge Life Cycle知识生产周期Knowledge Management(KM)知识管理Knowledge Management Infrasturcture知识管理基础建设Knowledge Management Process知识管理流程Knowledge Management Strategies知识管理策略Knowledge Management System知识管理系统Knowledge Manager知识管理经理Knowledge Map知识地图Knowledge Mediate知识媒介Knowledge Performance Review知识绩效评估Knowledge Pooling知识汇总Knowledge Spirals 知识螺旋Knowledge Worker 知识工作者LLearning Community学习社区Local Knowledge 当地知识Lower-Level Learning低阶学习MMentoring心智模式Mentoring师徒制Mode of Mind 心智模式NNew Economy 新经济OOrganization Knowledge 组织知识Organizational IQ 公司智商Organizational Learning 组织学习Project Management项目管理Proteges徒弟RReturn On Knowledge 知识报酬率SSearch Engines 搜索引擎Share 分享Software Package 软件包Stakeholder Evaluation 员工评估Strategic Capability 策略能力TTacit Knowledge 隐性知识Technical Innovation 技术创新Think Bank 智库Tool Knowledge 工具知识UUulearning 反学习VValue Innovation 价值创新Vertical Collaborationa 垂直整合Virtual Community 虚拟社群Virtual Organization 虚拟组织。

管理类联考英语词汇

DAY 11.It's a hard walk, but we must persist in our efforts.这是一段艰难的路,但我们必须为我们已做的努力坚持下去。

We must persist on the line of work method by coming from the people and going to the people. 始终坚持从群众中来,到群众中去的群众路线的根本工作方法。

2.In the middle of danger, you must persevere and keep going.遇到危险时,你必须挺住勇往直前。

3.When he tried to kiss her, she resisted.当他想亲她时,她拒绝了。

4.In this business, the revolutionaries, as well as their seeds, must be resistant to the common blight of defeatism and despair.在该事业中,这些革命者必须要像他们培育的种子一样,惯于抵抗随时来袭的失败主义和绝望。

5.All the pipes are of a consistent size.所有的管子都是一样的尺寸。

6. The nurse will assist you in walking to your car.护士会搀扶你走向你的车。

7. Early in March of 1980 year, the people of Taizhou having innovation spirit has come into existence the frist new farmer specialty cooperate organization of zhejiang province-Tea ISOC of Linhai city.台州人民富有创新精神,早在1980年3月就成立了浙江省内第一家新型的农民专业合作组织——临海市茶叶协会。

管理类联考-英语历年真题2010-2018阅读词汇整理


adolescent adj. 青春期的
ritual
n. 仪式;惯例 adj.仪式的
psychologist n. 心理学家
viable
adj. 可行的
ruthless
adj. 无情的;残忍的
emerge erupt tactics
vi. 浮现;摆脱;暴露 vi. 爆发;喷出 n. 策略;战术
reveal
唤起 出动 大声叫唤 指望 降落;下来;落魄
far beyound enormous egos stay away from in the overheated sdeocwtnorby nearly 90%
远远超出 强烈的自尊心 避而远之… 在过热门的行业
pay out 200 in
在担保方面付出了200给客户
vt. 显示;揭露
manifest
vt vi. 证明 表明
automatic
自动化的、无意识的
cue
暗示、提示、线索
fundamental 基础的、根本的
hygiene
卫生的,保健的
routine
日常的规范/习惯
moisturizer 润肤霜
democratic adj. 民主的
daily cues
adj. 精明的;狡猾的
habitually
cavitypreventing
scrub
adv. 习惯地;日常地 adj. 防蛀牙的 vt. 用力擦洗
beverage
n. 饮料
far-off
adj. 遥远的
unthinkingly adv. 不假思索地
sip
vi. 啜饮
primarily
adv. 首先;主要地

管理类联考英语二100个写作核心词汇

1.abide:①v.容忍,忍受abide=stand=bear=tolerate=put up withcannot abide those mean person无法忍受吝啬之人②v.坚持,遵守(与by连用)abide by=observe=conform to=adhere to sth.abide by the rules遵守规则同根词:abiding:adj.持久的,永久的;不变的2.embark:①v.使上船(飞机、汽车)=get on②v.着手,从事(与on连用)embark on=get down to sth=set about doing.同根词:embarkation从事;装载;乘坐embarkment装船,上船3.affiliate:①v.使附属于affiliate A to/with B.the NO.2middle school affiliated to Wuhan university武大附属二中②n.附属机构,分公司=branch同根词:affiliation:n.紧密联系;官方联系[正式]例:The kidnappers had no affiliation with any militant group.这些绑架者与任何军事组织都没有紧密联系。

4.bound:①v.跳跃②a.被束缚的,一定的be bound to do sth.=be certain to do一定做某事。

be bound for sp.=head for sp前往某地。

be bound up with与···密切相关同根词:boundless:adj.无限的;无边无际的boundlessly:adv.无限地;无穷地boundary:n.边界;范围;分界线5.redundant:①a.多余的,过剩的=excessive=superfluous②被解雇的=laid off6.utilize:①v.利用,使用=use=make use of=take advantage of同根词:utility(n.公用设施,公共事业,效用)utilization:n.利用,使用7.accelerate:①v.加速,加快=speed up同根词:accelerator加速器反义词:decelerate(v.减速,放缓)=slow down8.concede:①vt.(不情愿)承认=admit用法:concede sth.concede that-从句。

管综英语词汇

管综英语词汇管综英语词汇(Comprehensive English Vocabulary)是指涉及各个领域的英语词汇。

以下是一些常用的管综英语词汇:1. Business(商业):company, marketing, sales, finance, management, investment, profit, strategy, competition, entrepreneur- 公司,市场营销,销售,财务,管理,投资,利润,战略,竞争,企业家2. Education(教育):school, teacher, student, curriculum, exam, grade, university, research, knowledge, learning- 学校,教师,学生,课程,考试,成绩,大学,研究,知识,学习3. Health(健康):doctor, hospital, medicine, patient, disease, treatment, prevention, nutrition, exercise, lifestyle- 医生,医院,药物,病人,疾病,治疗,预防,营养,运动,生活方式4. Environment(环境):climate change, pollution, conservation, sustainability, renewable energy, recycling, biodiversity, deforestation, carbon footprint, waste management- 气候变化,污染,保护,可持续性,可再生能源,回收,生物多样性,森林砍伐,碳足迹,废物管理5. Technology(技术):internet, computer, smartphone, software, hardware, digital, social media, artificial intelligence,virtual reality, automation- 互联网,电脑,智能手机,软件,硬件,数字化,社交媒体,人工智能,虚拟现实,自动化6. Politics(政治):government, president, democracy, election, policy, legislation, diplomacy, power, corruption, international relations- 政府,总统,民主,选举,政策,立法,外交,权力,腐败,国际关系7. Culture(文化):art, music, literature, film, theater, religion, tradition, language, customs, heritage- 艺术,音乐,文学,电影,剧院,宗教,传统,语言,风俗习惯,文化遗产8. Science(科学):biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, experiment, hypothesis, research, theory, discovery, innovation- 生物学,化学,物理学,数学,实验,假设,研究,理论,发现,创新这只是管综英语词汇的一小部分,实际上还有很多其他的领域和相关词汇。

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1.solely adv./单独地,唯一地You think I'm solely responsible for this mistake? No way!你认为我是唯一一个该对这个错误负责的人吗?没门!2.Distribution n. 分布分配This chart shows the distribution of computers around the world.这张图表显示出世界各地电脑的分布。

3.rigid严格的;僵硬的The hard hat is rigid, so nothing will hurt my head.这顶安全帽很坚硬,没有什么能伤到我的头。

4.overlook忽视忽略The view overlooks the whole town.这里可以俯视整个城市。

5.foster adj. 收养的; vt. 养育; 培养, 促进; That woman treats her foster child like a biological mother.那个女人像亲生母亲一般地对待她的养子。

6.addictive adj.上瘾的Smoking is addictive and hard to stop.吸烟会上瘾,也很难戒掉。

7.wrongdoing n.坏事,不道德的行为In it, he denied any wrongdoing.在它,他否认有任何不当行为。

8.aging n.老化aging population 老年人口;老化人口9.tighten v.变紧,加强控制I tightened the loose part with my tools.我用工具把松的零件紧固好了。

10.grant v授予;允许They finally granted us permission to take out the loan.他们最终给予了我们贷款的许可。

11.urge n.冲动、欲望vt.催促,鼓励During the race the rider urged the horse to go faster so he could win.在比赛中,骑手为了赢得胜利,不断鞭策他的马加快速度。

12.disclose v.公开,揭露When the man disclosed his wrongdoings to his wife, she was very angry. 当这个男人向他老婆坦白他做的错事以后,他老婆非常生气。

13.suppress v.抑制,镇压Suppress your laughter! It's not funny when the teacher's pants fall down! 忍住不要笑!老师裤子掉下来了不是好笑的事情。

14.mislead误导A good magician always tries to mislead his audience.一个好的魔术师总是会努力误导他的观众。

bat v反对,与·····战斗In ancient times fighters rode horses into combat.在古代,战士们骑着马战斗。

16.inconsistent adj.前后矛盾的The inconsistent combination attracted our attention.前后矛盾的组合吸引了我们的注意力17.aggressive adj.好斗的,有进取心的She is so aggressive; she's always starting fights.她非常好斗,她总是挑起打架。

18.sufficient adj.足够的,充分的I have prepared sufficient pancakes for my daughter.我为女儿准备了足够的煎饼。

19.underestimate v.低估,看清Never underestimate the difficulty of the task ahead of you.绝不要低估摆在你面前任务的困难性。

20.imitate v.模仿The little girl imitates her mother when she exercises.小女孩儿在她妈妈运动的时候模仿她。

21.resolve v.解决,决心n.决心Both parties agreed to resolve their disputes.两党都同意解决他们的争端。

22.expose v.揭露,使曝光That baby likes to expose his butt.那个小婴儿喜欢露出他的屁股。

23.deliver v.发出,递送Please deliver the package to the front door.请从前门送快递。

24.inquiry n.调查,打听Let's conduct an inquiry into the origin of this question mark.让我们来对问号的由来进行一项调查。

25.resist v.抵抗,抗拒When he tried to kiss her, she resisted.当他想亲她时,她拒绝了。

26.consequence n.结果,结论The alcohol addiction harms your health and results in some bad consequences. 酗酒有损健康还会导致一些不好的后果。

27.overvalue vt.对····估价过高Be careful not to overvalue yourself.注意不要过高估计自己。

28.extensive adj.广阔的,广泛的The city was hit by extensive flooding.这座城市被大面积的洪水侵袭。

29.boost v/n 促进,增加The turtle uses a rocket to boost his speed.乌龟用火箭来增加自己的速度。

30.distraction n.注意力分散It is hard to work with all these distractions!这么多分神的事务,让人太难工作了!31.institute n/v 制定;机构This institute has trained many excellent doctors.这个研究所已经培育出了许多优秀的医生。

32.downside n. 负面,缺点;下降趋势;底侧But liquidity, or at least the perception of it, has a downside.但是流动性在呈现下降趋势——至少感觉是这样的。

33.yield vt. 屈服;出产,产生;放弃The fields yielded many carrots for harvest this year.这块田今年产出了很多胡萝卜。

34.virtue n.美德;优点Constancy in love is a rare virtue.忠贞不渝的爱是一种稀有的美德。

35.reluctance n.不情愿I can see her reluctance clearly.我能看出她明显不情愿。

36.assess v.评估It's her job to assess her patient's health.她的工作就是评估病人健康。

37.accommodate v.容纳;留宿The hotel room can comfortably accommodate two travelers.这酒店的房间接纳两位旅客是没有任何问题的。

38.eliminate v.消灭,消除This device will eliminate the weeds in my garden.这个装置会除掉我花园里的杂草。

39.propose v.提议;求婚Daniel proposed marriage by getting down on one knee.丹尼尔单膝跪地求婚。

40.recession n.萧条,不景气The recession has hurt the global economy.经济衰退影响了全球经济。

41.resume v.重新开始,恢复Summer is over and school will soon resume.夏天结束了,学校很快就要重新开学了。

42.proportion n.比例Pie charts would be the best choice to show the proportion.饼状图是用以显示比例最好的选择43.reward n.补偿v奖励My reward for winning the race was a big trophy.我赢得比赛的奖品是一个大奖杯。

44.steady adj.稳定的The horse walks forward at a steady pace.这匹马稳稳地向前走着。

45.sensitive adj.敏感的This area here is very sensitive - it hurts when I chew.这个区域很敏感,当我咀嚼的时候会痛。

46.original adj.最初的,原始的He was a very original thinker, always coming up with new ideas.他是个很有原创性的思想者,总是有很多新点子。

47.productive adj.生产的,多产的He had a productive day, cleaning most of the weeds out of his garden.他清除了花园里大多数的杂草,度过了颇有成效的一天。

48.withdraw v.取出,撤回,收回I'd like to withdraw $500 from the machine.我想从这台机器里取500美元。

49.demand n.需求,要求We demand that you change your policy!我们要求你改变政策!50.release v.释放,解放n.解除,发表She releases the dove as a symbol of peace.她放飞了白鸽,作为和平的象征。

51.require v.需求,要求Cars require fuel if you want them to move.车需要汽油才能驱动。

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