英语构词法在高考中的应用(20200614113248)

英语构词法在高考中的应用
本课要点：1.各类词性的正确使用及转化
2.运用构词法知识猜测语境中词的语义
3.通过理解和掌握构词法扩大词汇量
考情分析：
1. We drank together and talked _____ (merry) till far into the night.( 07 高考)
2.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature) course.( 08 高考)
3.But Jane knew from past experience that her __ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.( 09高考)
4.His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _______(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.(10高考)
考点精讲：
Friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change.
Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.
They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.
英语构词法主要有三种方法：
一．.合成(Compounding):由两个或更多的词合成一个词
eg. house( 房子)+ wife( 妻子)----housewife(家庭主妇)
二. 转化(Conversion):由一个词类转化为另一个词类:
eg. water ( n.)水--- water ( v.)浇水
三. 派生(Derivation): 通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:
eg. happy---- unhappy 加前缀一般不改变原词的，只改变其。

happy---- happiness 加后缀改变了原词的
一．合成法：
…Yet, shopkeepers m ay have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …What does the word “shoplifter”mean?
A.商店里的小偷
B. 商店里的推销员
C.商店里的老客户
D.商店里的搬运工
注意：
请你猜一猜下列划线的词的词义。

1.For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.
2.Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.
3.For a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of those terrible endless years.
二．转化法：
He is a man with broad s houlders.
We will shoulder the responsibilities at any time.
Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes.(08高考）
触类旁通：feed cause use fly native major mail empty cheat free
三．派生法（重点）：
（一）前缀
1.否定前缀：il- im- in- ir- dis- mis- un- non-
请为下列单词找出适当的否定前缀。

balance concern active patient possible understand legal lucky polite regular agree use honest advantage stop smoker fair
2.请找出下列单词的前缀，并讨论前缀所含意义
retell repay antiaircraft oversleep overlook superman coeducation subway subtitle international interview enlarge transport
归纳：
巩固练习：
1…It would be easy for someone to mispresent himself on line because you can’t see him. Thus someone who says that “she is a 12-year-old girl.”could really be an old man.
What does the word “mispresent ”mean?
A.Making a wrong judgment about
B.Understanding somebody wrongly
C.Giving a wrong description of
D.Forming a wrong opinion about
2….The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.
3…. Another myth about eyes is that they can be t ransplanted. It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brain…
(二）后缀
1.常见的名词后缀
A: 表示人的后缀：
B: 其它常见的后缀：
技巧点拨：动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接或动名词,如果所给单词是其它词类,就要将其改为,并注意名词数的变化。

动词，名词，形
容词时都有可能会考否定形式，一定要根据语境来判断。

(1)His (careful) resulted in the terrible accident
(2)He was one of the (visit) who thought highly of Tom, their guide. 2.常见的形容词后缀
- al ; – an ; – ern; -ble ; –ish ; –ive; – y; -ful ; - less –ly;-ous表示具有…的性质, 或与…有关
e.g. practical , American, southern , possible, foolish, native, rainy, careless，careful
3.常见的副词后缀:
- ly 表示方式,程度: freely ，happily
-ward (s) 表示方向: westwards
技巧点拨：动词前后、形容词前后可有，这时，如果所给词为形容词，
则需将其变为副词。

如果所给词为名词或动词，可先将其变为形容词，再加后缀-ly。

另外，在答题时还要考虑副词级的变化。

名词前面一般可有形容词修饰语,连系动词后接形容词作表语。

如果所需词为形容词时,还要考虑形容词级的变化。

如：
(1)The little girl is (extreme）eager to know the result of the exam.
(2)What，s the (length)river in the world?
(3)The (strength)we become, the more modest we should be.
4. 动词后缀: -fy (使…化) ; -ize (使…成为) ; –en(使…）
写出下列单词的动词形式。

beauty modern deep rich real quick
技巧点拨：动词是句子的灵魂，在确定语法填空的答案时，要考虑句子中是否有谓语动词，如果谓语动词，需将所给词通过加前缀或后缀变成动词。

两个en含有使动用法: en - （enrich) -en (widen)
易错点
1.Nowadays most aircraft fly highly.
2.They can watch lively broadcast ball games at home.
3.”We really did very well,”cried the fairy, in a pleasing voice,”for I found little unhappiness among the children this morning.。