大学英语语法教程-第一讲-句子结构共18页文档
语法讲义第一讲导论
语法讲义第一讲1.语法层次与句子结构、基本句型1-1.语法的定义：语法研究词的变化和句子结构的科学。
研究词变化的部分称为词法.Morphology.如名词的数、格。
动词的时态语态。
研究句子结构的部分称为句法Syntax.如句子的成分、语序、句子的种类。
词法与句法的关系---区别与联系。
语法指遣词造句的规律，但离不开词汇。
语法体现在词汇中，而词汇受语法的制约。
语法层次现代英语语法的内容包括下列七个层次.doc1-2.语法的作用：学习词汇主要是加强感性认识，学语法是要提高理性认识。
在加强语言理解力或使用能力方面语法都可以发挥重要作用。
正确的使用语法是：10%的知识或信息，90%的实践。
第一.词法2-词的分类：要弄清句子成分应由哪类词担任，分清词类非常重要。
如：主语，宾语多有名词担任；谓语多有动词担任；定语常有形容词担任；状语多有副词担任；词分为10大类：2-1．名词：表示人、物或地方等，如：John，teacher；table，pen；London；beauty．2-2．代词：用来代替名词，以避免重复某个名词，如：I，you，it，that，those，them．2-3．形容词：用来修饰或限制某个（些）名词，如：good（man），white（paper），every（book），much（water），被修饰或限制的名词，叫做主体词（head-word）。
2-4．动词：表示行为或状态，如：speak，read，go，think，is，seem．2-5．介词：表示它后面的名词（或代词）跟它前面的动词、另一名词或形容词的关系。
这些名词（或代词）称为介词的宾语。
介词宾语和介词构成介词短语。
The book on the desk is mine．（介词on把名词book和另一名词desk联系起来）He is sure of it．他对此很有把握。
（of联系it和sure．）It is good for you．这对你有好处。
英语句子结构类型ppt课件
型
Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
He works hard while his brother is a lazy bone.
He was enjoying his KFC when a friend came.
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3、复合句 复合句的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、
同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。
二 、
6、结果（,so that,so…that,such…that） ；
句 子
7、目的（so that,in order that,in case） ；
类 型
8、条件（if,unless） ；
9、让步（though,although,even if,even though,in spite of the fact that ,whenever,wherever,whoever,whichever,
12
并列句和复合句都是由两个或两个以上 的句子组成的, 但是连接并列句中的分句 是并列连词(Coordinator), 而连接复合句 中的句子是从属连词(Subordinator); 并 列句中的分句属于同一层次, 它们具有相 同的句法功能, 复合句中的一个或更多的 从句在句子中充当句子成分或修饰句子
来的呢？
6
3、复合句 （2）定语从句=先行词+引导词+其它。
二
引导词的选用取决于：
、
1）先行词；
句 子
2）先行词的修饰语；
类 型
3）引导词在定语从句中的成分。
注意：定语从句中的主谓一致；
He was the only one of the boys who was praised by the headmaster at the meeting.
新编英语语法教程 教案 章振邦(上)精编版
教案新编英语语法教程章振邦2016——2017学年度第二学期本课程教学总体安排课程名称：商务英语语法与词汇课程性质与类型：限选课总学时28、学分：2教学目的与要求：1）开设此课，旨在让学生系统学习和掌握各类语法现象，并且学以致用，活学活用，力求避免在使用英语词汇的过程中出现语法错误。
2）帮助学生理解和掌握各类语法现象所使用的规则，以便他们在以后的专业四级考试和工作中恰当地运用英语语法。
3）扩大学生的商务英语词汇量。
教材及参考书目：《新编英语语法教程》章振邦《实用英语语法详解》薄冰《高级英语语法详解》全建强考核方式及成绩计算方法：笔试总成绩=平时成绩X30％ + 考试成绩X70％课程教学日历课程名称：商务英语语法与词汇授课学期：2016—2017学年第一学期第1讲教学安排的说明章节题目：句子结构学时分配：2本章教学目的与要求：谓结构和句子分析基本句型课堂教学方案课题名称、句子结构授课时数：2 授课类型：理论课教学方法与手段：讲授、讨论、指导教学目的的要求：1谓结构和句子分析 2基本句型教学重点、难点：1谓结构和句子分析 2基本句型教学内容及组织安排：1主谓结构和句子分析（1）主语和谓语分句按其逻辑意义，通常分为主语和谓语两大部分。
英语在其长期发展中形成一种相对固定的句子结构：“主语+谓语”的结构。
主语是句子的话题，是信息传递的出发点；谓语是对话题所作的说明，是说话人所要传递的信息。
试观察下列诸句：主语谓语China is a great socialist country．中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。
Marxism-Leninism is a universally applicable truth．马克思列宁主义是放之四海而皆准的真理。
The students have English lessons twice a week．学生们每星期上两堂英语课。
Hans doesn't seem to be taller than Peter．汉斯似乎并不比彼得高。
新编英语语法教程讲
9.
exaggeration
10. measurement 11. purity
12.
persistence
13. extension
14. statement
15.
generosity
第5页/共27页
II. Number forms of nouns
1. Regular and irregular plural a) Regular plural (p.p. 42-44) b) Irregular plural (p.p. 44-45)
类别
定义
例词
按 构 词 法
按 词 汇 意 义
按语 法特 征
简单名词 复合名词
派生名词
普 个体名词 通 集体名词 名 物质名词 词 抽象名词
专有名词
可数名词 单数式 复数式
不可数名词
包含一个自由词素的名词 由两个或两个以上自由词 素合成的名词 由动词、形容词、简单 名词+词缀构成的名词
man, chair, land, ship armchair, farmland, seaside, roommate arrangement, expectation, ability, greatness
“What a mess!” she said,
若要计数，就 得使用语义上 与之对应的个
体名词
He joined in the laughter.
with a laugh.
He looked shocked, then This scene gets one of the
burst into laughter.
2）“of + 名词” 格：用于无生命的名词之后，作该名词的 后置定语。 （参见 b) ， p. 55）
英语语法第一讲语法层次和句子结构课程教案
黑板板书
个别发言
14分钟
理论讲授
4. 分句， 按其不同句法功能可以分为：独立分句和从属分句，简单分句和复杂分句，主句和从句
5. 句子是最高一级的语法单位，（完全句和不完全句，简单句、并列句、复杂句、并列复杂句）
6.主谓结构和句子分析
分句通常由主语和谓语两大部分组成，补充例句进行讲解
句子分析，把句子分成主，动，宾，状，补等5个主要的成分，补充例句进行分析
讲解
黑板板书
做题
28分钟
归纳总结
语法层次和句子结构
提问
课件演示
集体回答
2分钟
作业
每位学生找一段200词左右的段落，并划分每一句的句子结构
讲解要求
讲解演示பைடு நூலகம்
记录
1分钟
后记
教学重点/难点
教学重点：词（简单词、派生词、复合词，封闭词类、开放词类）；分句（独立分句和从属分句，简单分句和复杂分句，主句和从句）；主谓结构和句子分析；5种基本句型及其转换与扩大
教学难点：主谓结构和句子分析；5种基本句型及其转换与扩大
教材/教参
教材：章振邦. 新编英语语法教程. 上海：上海外语教育出版社 ， 第四版.
参考资料：
1. 薄冰. 薄冰英语语法指南. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社 ， 第一版
2. 张道真. 实用英语语法. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社， 最新版
二、教学设计
步骤
教学活动
教学方法
教学手段
学生活动
时间分配
介绍
1.本门课程的课程性质，地位和作用
2.本门课程的主要内容和学时分配
3.课堂要求和考核形式
讲授（口述）
课件演示
《大学英语语法教程第五版》期末考试复习资料(复习讲义)
第一讲句子结构改写句子(必考）1.WaldenPond, once praised by Thoreau for its natural beauty,is now the site of many stands.2.Almost every summer night the cooling northeast wind swept through ou rbedroom windows,marking air conditioning unnecessary and a light blanket welcome./Swepping through our bedroom windows almost every summer night,the coolingnortheast wind made…3.The steep surrounding slopes were capped with snow,which fed two st reamsplunging down to join in the valley below.4.With the river on one side and a large tree providing shade,this isa goodspot for a picnic,and we can spread our blanket on the grassy knoll. 5.Panting for breath after running up the stairs,Mr wood stood at his neighbour†s door and knocked again and again till someone opened it.6.The town folk envied horace,who had come into a small fortune with whichhe bought a big house and obtained a partnership in the biggest grocery in town.7.Standing in front of the mirror,Jim looked at his image,wondering at the bigchange that had come over him in recent years.8.The idea that his only daughter whom he had greatly wronged might neverforgive him almost drove hime mad.9.The story,written in plain language,consists of three parts with an interesting plot centering round an aristocratic family living in17th century France.10.Mud-covered and shivering,John sat hunched over a bowl of hot broth preparedby his father to drive off the chill.11.Far above the waters of a beautiful lake and over the tops of the tall pime treesgrowing on the steep of a hill stand five Chinese-style pavilions.12.Farther down the street,the old man stopped and leaned against a l amp-post,listening to a cheerful song coming out of a restaurant on the oppsite si de of the street.13.Sarah sank in the nearest chair,completely exhausted,her limbs stiff with cold,her mind a piece of blank.14.Throughout the day Mrs Rymer behaved very properly,her pleasant,refi nedface wearing a grave look,her elegant figure wrapped in deep mourning w hileoccasionally she uttered a sigh or a sob.15.Tony thought it necessary to break the news to his family,that Mr Jacob,hisformer employer,had promised him a half-day job at20pounds a week. 2/67йЎµ16.The thought that he might have wronged his friend who had rendered him goodservices on many occasions troubled his mind,already overburdened with wo rries andcares.17.The men of the disbanded royal bodyguard,suddenly turned loose onto thestreet of a capital seething with unrest,unemployed and perhaps disgruntled at theirabrupt dismissal,were a potentially dangerous element.18.For many years London has been a business centre with hotel accomm adationfor visiting businessmen toghter with well-to-do travellers but completely inade quatefor the swarms of shour-stay tourists landing at Heathrow or disembarking a t Dover.19.Nearing the top,he climbed recklessly faser and faster,his eyes alread y glowingwith triumph,but suddenly he slipped and fell,tumbling to the ground an d lyingmotionless there,a crumpled pile of arms and legs.20.Bertrand Russell was one of the very few persons who have received both theOrder of Merit,which was conferred on him by the British government in 1949,andthe Nobel Prize for literature,conferred in Norway in1950.第二讲主谓一致（一）练习11.Their earnings(come) to 500 dollars a week.2.Where (are) the shears?3.Tidings (have) come that the British warship was sunk.4.Your suspenders (are) not here.5.The archives (are) not open to the public.6.Mr Steven's morals (are) above criticism.7.The remains of a Roman settlement(was) found beneath the brewery.8.At the bottom of the hill there is a dangerous crossroads.9.This pair of trousers (costs) fifty dollars.10.The fireworks (were) postponed to the following Saturday because of the bad weather.11.The odds (are) in our favour.12.Our special thanks (are) due to Mr Matthews for the organization of the bad weather.13.The mansions in which the flat (was) a comparatively small one.14.Braces (are) not fashionable nowadays.15.All their belongings, together with the remains of torn-up newspapers,(lie)scattered over the carpets.练习二1.It seems the cattle(牲口) on the sides of the dykes (were) the only living creatures in these desolate surroundings.2.The police (have) only very limited powers.3.A team which (is) full of enthusiasm is likely to win.4.That green foliage (was) restful.5.The militia (were) called out to guard the borderland.6.The government (is) doing its best to boost production.7.That family (is) a very happy one.8.The audince (are) listening to a Beethoven symphony.9.The football team (is) being reorganized.10.The football team (are) having baths and (are) then coming back here for tea.第三讲主谓一致(二)1.Pancakes and syrup (is) a tasy breakfast.king the cows, in addition to several other chores.(was) his responsibility.3.Each man and each women there (is) asked to help.4.Neither Lucy nor Carol (has) any money left.5.The tenth and the last chapter (were) translated into Russian by Bob.w and order (meanings) different things to people with different political opinions.7.The number and diversity of British newspaper is considerable.8.An older man or a mature woman is needed for this job.9.Fish and chips is getting very expensive.10.The sum and substance of this argument is war and peace.11.A truck and a convertible(小货车) (were) in the ditch.12.The Bat and Ball(公司名称) (sells) good beer.13.War and peace (is) a constant theme in history.14.War and peace (are) alternatives between which men must constanly choose.15.How is it that your answer and your neighbour's (are) identical.练习二1.Where is that five pounds I lent you?(指的是面额)？2.Two more dollars (are) missing from the till this morning.3.This kind of car is highly priced.4.A number of pages (are) badly torn.5.Three pints (is) not enough to get him drunk.6.The number of pages assigned for daily reading (was) gradually increased to twelve.7.There (is) more than one answer to your question.8.A total of 5000 bicycles (were) registered in the year.9.The actual total of the unemployed (is) believed to exceed 10000.10.There is heaps of fun.11.Only 25 percent of the capital is American-owned.12.Fifty percent of the 4350-mile road is paved.Thirty-four percent more is comfortably passable.But eight percent is impassable.13.Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.14.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.15.There last three years (have) been full of surprises.16.The majority of the damage (is) easy to repair.17.The majority of criminals (are) young man.18.All of the fruit (looks) ripe.19.All (are) eager to leave now.20.Some of the dimes (are) missing.21.Few of my family really (understand) me.22.Many a person in these circumstances (has) hoped for a long break.23.Every man,woman and child (was) asked to contribute.24.A group of us (have) decided to hire a boat.25.The greater part of the valley (was) flooded.第四讲名词复数必备一些不规则复数foot–feet. goose–geese. tooth–teeth.mouse–mice. ox–oxen. louse–licebasis–bases. thesis(论文)–theses.datum-data(资料) phenomenon–phenomena(现象) poetry–poems. machinery–machines. equipment–tools. foliage–leaves.correspondence–letters. luggage-bagspolice-policemen. clergy-clergymenlaughter-laughs. work-jobs. photography-photos. permission-permits. music-songs. fun-joys. homework-exercises.练习1（此部分必出选择题）1.To the dinner party all her relations were invited1.We don't do much business with him.2.The house built of stone was once used as a warehouse.3.Some youths were seen loafing in the street.4.The effort and expense needed for this project bore no relation.5.This will please the eye.6.Hainan province has too much summer.7.Please give ear to what he has to say.8.He was not man enough to admit his mistakes.9.There is lamb(羊肉）on the menu today.10.He was too much a coward to tell the truth.11.The soup tastes of onion.12.The play was produced before large audiences.13.He is more of a sportsman than his brother.14.This action is as much of a success as I expected.15.That man is not much of a scholar16.That guy was less of a fool than I thought.17.There is egg on your nose.18.He is something of a poet.19.The girl was a little of a coquette.第五讲名词的属格（此部分必考句子改错题（正确答案）原句看P59很重要）1.The leg of the table is broken.2.Mary and John’s house is on the corner.3.…on birs’s nests.4.…the students’problems.5.…at the Joneses’.6.That tray is not ours ,it is the one we gave the Harrises.7.…Charles’car but someone else’s.8.…in ten years’time.9.The products’effectiveness…10.This week’s news…than the last two weeks’.11.…others’problems.12.…each other’s worries.13.My brother and sister-in-law’s house…14.A friend of my father’s…15.A wheel of the car…16.That boyfriend of17.The baseball player’wives…18.…women’s clothing only.19.…Milton’s long poems.20.Those new shoes of yours…第六讲（P63，P66都是选择题，预估老师会从其中挑多道题，自己看书，这里不整理了，但很重要)P67 改错题必考！1.Mrs Blake has had few (little of) opportunity to travel.2.We have got enough time to read such many(many such) novels.3.He has much more(more much) problems than he used to be.4.I don't like this kind of apples.(apple)5.I enjoy both(either) kind,the red wine or white wine.6.The librarian has cataloged each(every) book in the fiction section.7.More corn is produced in the United States than in any (other)country.8.The farmers are hoping that there will be a greet many (a greet amount of) rainfall this year than there was last year.9.The customs officer examined all these(the) luggage at the airport.第七讲限定词二P75练习考的几率不大，因为考过，所以这里不再给出第九讲P103 必考改错题1,The furniture is their’s(theirs), but the house is our’s(ours).2.The dog is lying on it’s(its)back.3.I’ve bought several paintings of him(his).4.The professor(添加himself) interviewed the applicant himself.5.She has nothing to say to her(herself)6.We were beside us(ourselves) with joy.7.He always conducts him(himself) like a scholar.8.The sky has rained it(itself) out.9.Jane and himself(him) collaborated on a new novel.10.No one (change) but myself really understands him.11.No one but herself(she) knows Russian.12.I saw his (him) waving a flag.13.The reward was divided among us three,Tom and I(me).14.You probably know to who(whom)I am referring.15.Could it have been him whom (who) was injured.16.We agreed to accept whomever (whomever) they bought was the best foreman.17.Of all we (us) men whom(who) I think should be available for office,Thompson is the first who comes to mind.18.I cannot tolerate such men as he(him).19.They deferred him(his) going home on furlough until next month.20.Settle the question with whomever(whoever) wrote the report。
大学英语语法应用-句法概论The Structure of the English Grammar
句法概论(The Structure of the English Grammar)
(5) 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。 The teacher set us a lot of homework. I send her a bunch of flowers. 3．简单句五类句型分析 (1) 简单句第一类句型——主语 + 不及物动词。 这类句型中，谓语由不及物动词担当。不及物动词，顾名思义，它所表示的动作没有作用对象，本身意思完整，不需要 带宾语。 Everybody laughed. The baby and his mother are sleeping. The guests haven't arrived. Prices are going down. (2) 简单句第二类句型——主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语。 英语中大多数动词都是及物动词，及物动词是必须带有宾语的。这种动词告诉我们，由主语发出的动作所作用的对象是 什么，作用的对象我们称之为宾语。宾语后也通常接副词或介词短语作状语。结构上表现为：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语 。 He passed the exam easily. Have you ordered your meal?
句法概论(The Structure of the English Grammar)
第一节 简单句和并列句(Simple Sentences and Compound Sentences) 第二节 复合句(Complex Sentences) 第三节 肯定句与否定句(Affirmative Sentences and NegativeSentences) 第四节 反意疑问句(Tag Questions) 第五节 倒装句(Inversion) 第六节 强调句(Emphasis)
全新版大学进阶英语语法讲解教程1 unit1
全新版大学进阶英语语法讲解教程1
unit1
该教程旨在帮助大学生进一步提高他们的英语语法水平。
下面
是本教程第一单元的内容概述。
主要内容
本单元主要包括以下几个方面的英语语法知识：
1. 语句基本结构：介绍英语句子的基本结构，包括主语、谓语
和宾语的概念以及它们在句子中的位置。
2. 时态与语态：详细介绍英语中的各种时态和语态，如一般现
在时、过去进行时、将来完成时等，并提供相关的使用规则和例句。
3. 名词与代词：讲解名词与代词在句子中的作用和用法，包括
单数与复数形式、人称代词和物主代词等。
4. 形容词与副词：介绍形容词和副词在句子中的用法和修饰规则，包括比较级和最高级的形式。
5. 介词与介词短语：解释介词的基本含义和用法，并提供一些
常用的介词短语及其意义。
6. 从句与连接词：讲解从句的概念和种类，介绍连接词的作用
和使用方法。
研究目标
通过研究本单元的内容，学生应该能够：
- 掌握英语句子的基本结构，正确使用主语、谓语和宾语。
- 熟练运用各种时态和语态，正确表达不同的时间和语气。
- 理解名词和代词在句子中的功能，并正确选择和使用它们。
- 灵活运用形容词和副词，增强句子的表达能力。
- 熟悉常用的介词和介词短语，能够准确地描述位置和关系。
- 理解从句的构成和作用，正确使用连接词来连接主句和从句。
结束语
本教程第一单元提供了一个全面的英语语法讲解，帮助学生打下坚实的语法基础。
通过研究和实践，学生将能够更自信地运用英语语法，并提高他们的语言能力。