最新人教版英语八年级下册知识点打印版

最新人教版英语八年级下册知识点打印版
最新人教版英语八年级下册知识点打印版

Unit 1 What’s the matter?

1. 学会谈论健康问题,健康状况(Talk about your health)

2. 能够辨认身体部位。(parts of the body)

3. 能够提供建议(Give advice)

1. head 头

2. neck 颈部

3. back 后背

4. leg 腿

5. arm 手

6. hand 手

7. foot 脚

8. nose 鼻子

9. eye 眼睛10. ear 耳朵11. mouth 嘴12. tooth 牙齿

13. stomach 胃14. headache头痛

15. toothache牙痛16. stomachache胃痛

17. fever 发烧18. backache后背痛

19. sore throat 咽部疼痛20. tired累的21. thirsty 口渴的22. hungry 饿的23. dentist 牙医

1.have a stomachache 胃痛

2.have a cold 感冒

3.take one’s temperature 给某人量体温

4.have a fever 发烧

5.go to a doctor 看医生

6.get off 离开,出发8.

to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是

7.agree to (do sth) 同意做某事

8.get into trouble 陷入麻烦

9.fall down 摔打,

10.thanks to幸亏,由于

11.in time 及时

12.give up doing sth 放弃

13.be interested in 对......感兴趣

14.cut off 砍到,切碎

1.What’s the matter? 怎么了?

2.I have a stomachache. 我胃痛。

3What should I do?我应该做什么?

3.I think you should lie down and rest. 我认为你应该躺下休息

4.If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow,then go to a doctor. 如果你的头和脖子明天仍然痛,那么去看医生吧。

5.He hurt himself in P.E class. 他在体育课上伤害了自己。

should

(1)should 作情态动词时,表示责任和义务,含义是“应该:应当”,可用于各种人称。

如:What do you think I should do? 你认为我应该做些什么?

(2)should 可用来表示推测和估计,常译

成“按说应该”。

如:I think she should arrive home by now.

我想她此刻应该回家了。

(3)should 与how,why,what 等词连

用,多表达惊讶、意外等情绪。

如:How should I know? 我怎么知道?

1. How to talk about our health .

①问某人哪儿不舒服。

When we are not feeling well , we often

go to see the doctor . The doctor will ask :

What’s wrong (with you) ?

What’s the matter (with you) ?

What’s your trouble ?

What happens to you ?

(Is there) anything wrong with you ?

都表示“你怎么了”。

②叙述病情。

There is something wrong with my

tooth . 我的牙出问题了。

Doctor , I’m not feeling well .

我感觉不好,医生。

I feel terrible . 我感觉糟透了。

I feel very ill .我感觉病得很重。

This place hurts . (I’ve got a pain

here) 这个地方疼。

My leg hurts . 我腿疼。

I don’t feel like eating .我不想吃东西。

I have a cold . 我感冒了。

I have a fever . 我发烧了。

I have a headache . 我头疼。

③处置或提出建议:

1)Open your mouth , please .张开嘴。

I want to take your temperature .

我想测测你的体温。

2)Take this medicine three times a

day . 这个药一天吃三次。

3) Take three pills before you go to

bed . 睡前服用三片。

4) You’d better stay in bed till

tomorrow . 最好卧床休息到明天。

5) Drink lots of water and have a

good rest . 多喝水,好好休息。

6) You should lie down and rest .

卧床多休息。

7) You should drink hot tea with honey .

你应该喝加蜂蜜的热茶。

8) You should see a dentist . 9) You

should go to bed early . 2. 关于情态动词should

1) 情态动词should表“建议、应该”,

其否定形式为shouldn’t .

它用于所有人称。在其后应为动词原形。

You should wait a little more . 你应该再多

等一会儿。

He should tell me about it . 他应该告诉

我这件事。

2) 在表示要求、命令时,语气由should(应该)、

had better(最好)、must(必须)逐渐加强。在

本单元主要是表建议“应当”或“应该”。

3. have a cold感冒,还可以说get a cold .

我得了重感冒:I have a very bad cold .

在这里cold是名词,因此前边可以加冠词

“a”、有时也可以说:

I have got a very bad cold . 或:I have had a

very bad cold .

4. He shouldn’t eat anything for 24 hours . 他不

应在24小时内吃任何东西。

在这里因为是否定句,因而不用something,

而用anything,同some和any的区别一样,

something用于肯定句中,而anything用于否定

或疑问句中,如:

There’s something wrong with him . 他出

问题了,或他病了。

Is there anything I can help ? 我能帮忙吗?

又如:Do you have any brothers ? 你有兄

弟吗?I have some good friends . 我有一些朋

友。

I never have any fun .我从没什么乐趣。

never是否定词,因此我们用any,不用some

5.What’s the matter with you ? 你怎么了?

with是个介词,后边可以跟名词或代词。

What’s the matter with Sonja ? Sonja怎

么了?

6.I am not feeling well .

feel well well表示“好”,这里不用“good”。

7.She’s tired . 她很累。

tired是个形容词,可以说feel tired感到很累,

或说get tired. She feels tired. 或She gets tired .

8.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a

balance of cooling yin and hot yang to be healthy .

传统中医认为我们需要通过阴阳调和来保

持健康。

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其中a balance of……平衡

keep a balance of保持一个……平衡

如keep a balance of nature保持自然(生态)平衡。

be healthy,keep healthy,stay healthy都是保持健康的意思。

healthy是个形容词,其名词形式为health .

9. on the other hand 另一方面。经常与on (the) one hand一起连用。表示一方面……另一方面……。

如:On one hand we should study hard , on the other hand we should keep healthy .

我们一方面要努力学习,另一方面应该保持身体健康。

10. too much yang in their lives .

too much和too many都表示许多。

too much后接不可数名词,如water , money等。too many后接可数名词的复数,如students , flowers

lives是名词life的复数形式。

11. It’s important to eat a balanced diet .

吃(营养)平衡的饮食是很重要的。

balanced在此处是形容词,表示“平衡的”。

It是形式主语,真正的主语是“to eat a balanced diet”,但因主语太长,为了句子平衡,将主语用

it代替,这是it的又一功能。

12.I’m not feeling very well at the moment .

at the moment .1)用于现在时态中,意思为“此刻”,如:I am busy at the moment . 我此刻很忙。

2)用于过去时中,表示“当时”,如:

I was busy at the moment . 我当时很忙。

Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.

1.能够正确运动一般将来时。

3. 能够书写以志愿工作为话题的书面表达。

1. clean up 清扫

2. give out 分发,发放

3. cheer up=make…happier 使...高兴

4. come up with =think up 提出,想出

5. write down写下,记下

6. set up=establish 建立

7. volunteer one’s time to do sth.自愿花时间做...

8. make plans计划干... 9. use up用完,耗尽

10. take after在性格或长相方面与父母

相象

11. fix up修理12. give away捐赠

13. be similar to与...相似

14. hang out with sb 15. disabled people残

疾人

16. go out of one’s way to do sth帮助...做

事,解决难题(摆脱困境)

17. train sb. to do sth.... 训练某人做某事

1. I hope to work outside.

2. I want to learn

more about how to care for animals. 3. I

get such a strong feeling of satisfaction

when I see the animals get better and the

look of joy on their owners’ faces.

当我看到动物变得更健康以及它们主

人脸上高兴的表情时,我得到一中强烈

的满足感。

4. You could help to clean up the city

parks. 你可以帮助打扫城市公园。

一般将来时:将来时间计划发生或将要

发生的动作和存在的状态。常与表示将

来的时间状语连用,如:

tomorrow ….,next …,the day after

tomorrow , in 5 minutes ,soon,等。

构成:will do/be & be going to do/be

例如:I’ll help clean the city parks next

week

1.hunger n.饥饿adj.饥饿的

Eg. In the old days, many people died of

hunger.旧社会,许多人死于饥饿。

2.homeless adj.无家可归的。在名词词尾

加后缀less变为否定形容词。

如:1) help+less=helpless : 意为“无助的;

2) care+ less=careless意为“粗心的”;

3)hope+ less=hopeless“无望的”; 4)

use+ less=useless“无用的”;

3. set v.摆放、放置、(太阳)落下set up

建立set off=set out 出发、动身

4.cheer v. cheer up sb.或cheer sb. up意为

“(使某人)高兴起来,振作起来”。如

果是代词做

宾语,则将代词放在中间。

5.fix v.修理fix up相当于repair,表示“修

理,修补,整理”,其后跟物件名词作宾语。特别

示。如果fix up的宾语是“人”的话,则构成fix

sb. up with sth.句型,表示“为某人安排某件

事,向某人提供某物”。

Eg:I’ll fix you up with a place to stay. 我来给

你安排住处。

6.similar adj.相似的be similar to意为“与……类

似”; be the same as“与……完全相同”。take

after sb. 表示“长相或举止像(某个长辈)”,

不能用于被动语态。

7.pleasure意为“高兴,快乐”,是不可数名词;

表示“乐趣,高兴的事”时是可数名词。

◎在口语中It’s pleasure. 是回答感谢的客套

语。

— Thank you for your help. 感谢你的帮助。

—It’s a pleasure. 不用谢。

特别提示

◎pleased是形容词,意为“自己感到高兴的,欣

喜的,满意的,其主语为人。

◎pleasant也是形容词,表示“使人感到愉快/满

意”,一般用作定语,如主语是物,也可以用作

表语。

Eg. It’s pleasant weather today. 今天的天气令人

愉快。

It’s very pleasant to sit dow n after standing for

hours.

站了几小时后坐下来很舒服。

◎please是动词,表示“(使)高兴,满意,愉

快”。

8.shut v, (shut, shut) “关”,在许多情况下可以与

close互换,只是后者语气较弱,Eg. close the

door关门(也可能指半开半闭),shut the door

关门(指把门关紧)。◎当表示“关闭公路,

铁路或交通工具”或作“结束”讲时,只用close。

Eg:They have closed the road for thick fog. 由

于大雾,那条公路被关闭。

特别提示

turn off用来表示“关闭”有开关的东西,如收音

机、电视、煤气、水龙头等。

9. carry v.“搬运,携带”,不表示带到什么地方,

而携带的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。

10. fetch v. 相当于go and bring back,意为“取

来,接来”,表示一往一返。

Unit 3 Could you please clean

your rom?

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1. 礼貌地提出请求:用could委婉地表示请求。

2. 礼貌地请求允许:用could委婉地请求许可。

3. make与do的区别。

1.work on 从事,忙于

2.have a test考试

3.fold one’s clothes叠衣服

4.do the chores 做杂务

5.get a ride 搭车

6.wash the car 刷车

7.do the dishes洗餐具

https://www.360docs.net/doc/9c9994432.html,e one’s computer使用某人的电脑

9.go to the store去商店

10. work on从事,忙于

11. work at学习、致力于、在…上下工夫

12.do the laundry = do some washing = wash cloth es洗衣服

13. take out the trash倒垃圾

14.make breakfast / make dinner = do some cookin

g 做饭

15. invite sb. to do sth邀请某人做某事

16. make one’s bed铺床

17. sweep the floor清扫地板

1.Could you please sweep the floor?

2.You have to clean your room.

3.I don’t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.

4.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.

5.I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with

housework.

1. Peter, could you please take out the trash? —Sure, Mom.

—Could you please do the dishes? —Sorry, I can’t. I have to do my homework.

(1)在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中,常用could代替can,以表示礼貌,委婉或不确定的语气,而can则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。以上两句中用could是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时,除了can, could之外,还可以用may,句子的表达方式也各有不同,可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例:Could/Can/May I use your car for a day?

I wonder if I could use your car for a day

? Do you mind if I use your car for a day?

对于①、②句所作允答可以各种各样,

如同意可以说Yes,或Sure或Certainly,

还可说Yes, (do) please. 或

Of course. (you may/can). 或

Go ahead, please. 或That’

s OK/all right. 如果不同意,可以说I’

m sorry you can’t. 或I’

m really sorry, but I have to use it today.

要避免说No, you can’t. 这样显得很不

礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。对于

句(3)所作回答可以说

Never mind. /Not at all. 表―不介意‖。不

能用Yes. /Sure. /Of course. /Certainly.

等。

无论肯定还是否定应答中,要避免使用

could,要用can或may。因为应答须用

确定的语气。而could在表请求的问句中

是为了表示礼貌或委婉语气,用在应答

中则成了不确定语气,与情理不符。所

以应答中不说Yes, you could. 或

No, you couldn’t. 而要说Yes, you can. 或

Sorry. /No, you can’

t.

1. 区别动词do和make。

―do‖与动作及非实质性的事连用,与

词尾是-ing的动作名词连用,如:

do the dishes(洗餐具),do my homework

(做我的家庭作业),do chores(做家

务,处理琐事),do the laundry(洗衣),

do the shopping(购物),do some reading

(读书)

―make‖表示―做、制造‖、―整

理‖、―冲、泡(饮料)‖等,

如: make your bed(铺床),make breakfast

(做早餐),make dinner(做晚饭),

make tea(泡茶,沏茶),

make myself a cup of coffee(给自己冲一

杯咖啡)(3)take out 带出(人),取

出(物);take out of 从……里取出

2. —Could I please use your computer?

Sorry, I’m going to work on it now.

Could I/you please …?表示一种有礼貌

的请求或提议,其后连接原形动词,比

Can you /I…?语气更委婉。类似句型有:

Would you like + sth. / to do sth.?

May I + do sth. ? Shall we + do sth.?

Would you mind + sth. /doing sth.?

What / How about + sth. /doing sth.?

肯定回答有

Sure. /Of course. / Certainly. /OK. /Great. / Well. /

Good idea. / I agree. 等。

否定回答有Sorry …. / No, you can’t. 等。

3. I hate to do chores.

—Do you like to do the laundry? —No, It’

s boring. I don’t like doing the dishes because it’

s boring.

(1)hate vt. ―不喜欢,讨厌、恨‖,没有进行

时。hate后可接to do也可接doing,意义无大差

别,只是to do更多表示具体的一次性的动作,

而doing更多表示习惯性,经常的一般的动作。

这与like后接to do或doing的用法一样。

(2)对比由动词加-ing和-ed构成的形容词:

动词加-ing构成的形容词可以指人或物,在句中

作定语或表语;动词加-ed构成的形容词通常用

来指人,作表语,通常不作定语。例: boring

—bored, relaxing—relaxed, surprising—

surprised, exciting—excited, interesting—

interested

4. Could I invite my friends to a party on Saturday

? invite vt. ―邀请‖,意同ask,但invite更正

式。

①invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某

事。 e. g. They invited me to join their club.②invi

te sb. for sth. ③invitation n. 邀请

5. Thanks for taking care of my dog.

take care of‖―照顾、照料、注意‖,意思侧

重于负责任的意思,后面的宾语可以是表示人或

事物的名词或代词。

e. g. Mother takes good care of her children.

eg:It’s not easy to take care of the sick.

注:

look after一般情况下可替换take care of,意思上

强调看管或照料。

eg:I have to look after my sick dog at home.

6. Play with him. play with …―玩……;用……

娱乐。‖

eg: Little girls like playing with dolls. Tell chil

dren not to play with fire.

7. Im going to move to a new house. move to /int

o …搬到,搬入……

3 / 14

They moved into the new apartment last week. La ter his family moved to New York. 8. I need some help. We need to clean the house.

need作动词用法:

sb need sth. /sb need to do sth. sth need to be done sth need doing

例如:I need to buy a new coat.我需要买一件新外套。

The desk needs repairing.=The desk needs to be re paired. 这张桌子需要修理一下。 need还可用作情态动词,―必须‖,否定形式―needn’t‖,后跟动词原形。例如:You needn’

t call him at once. 你不需要立刻给他打电话。need作名词时指―需要,必需‖时为不可数名词,指―必需品,要求‖时常用复数。

例如:There’s no need to do that. 不需要做那事。 We have to work hard to meet the people’

s needs. 我们必须努力工作以满足人们所需。

Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?

1. 学会使用Why don’t you do......?提建议。

2. should和could的用法。

1. allow 允许;准许

2. wrong 错误的;不对的guess猜测;估计

3. relation 关系;联系;交往

https://www.360docs.net/doc/9c9994432.html,munication交流;沟通argue争吵;争论

5. cloud云;云朵

6. elder年级较长的

7. instead代替;反而;却

8. whatever任何;每一9. nervous焦虑的;担忧的10. offer主动提出;自愿给予

11. proper正确的;恰当的12. explain解释;说明13. clear清楚易懂的

14. copy复制复印

15. return回来;回去

16. member成员;分子

17. compete竞争;对抗

18. opinion意见;想法;看法skill技巧;技艺

19. continue持续;继续存在compare比较20. crazy不理智的;疯狂的

21. push推动;移动

22. development发展;成长

23. cause造成;引起

24. usual通常的;寻常的perhaps可能;大概;也许

1. have free time有空闲时间

2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛

5. get into a fight with sb.与某人吵架/打

7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈

8. write sb. a letter给某人写信

9. call sb. up打电话给某人

10. look through翻看

11. be angry with sb. 生某人的气

12. a big deal重要的事

13. work out成功地发展;解决

14. get on with和睦相处;关系良好

15. hang over笼罩

16. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事

17. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事

18. so that以便

19. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事

20. in future今后

21. make sb. angry使某人生气

22. worry about sth. 担心某事

23. copy one’s homework抄某人的作业

24. spend time alone独自消磨时光

25. give sb. pressure给某人施压

26. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架

27. compete with sb. 与某人竞争

28. get better grades取得更好的成绩

29. give one’s opinion提出某人的观点

30. learn exam skills学习应试技巧

31. practice sports体育训练

32. cause stress造成压力33. cut out删除

1. I studied until mid night last night so I

didn’t get enough sleep.

我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。

2. Why don 't you forge t about it?

你为什么不忘掉它呢?

3. Although she’s wrong, it’s not a big

deal.

虽然她错了,但这并不是什么大事儿。

4. He should talk to his friend so that he

can say he’s sorry.

5. May be you could go to his house.

也许你可以去他家。

6. I guess I could, but I don’t want to

surprise him.

我想我可以.但我不想让他感到惊讶。

一、情态动词should与could的用法

should的用法

should为情态动词,表示劝告、建议,意为“应

该”,它和其他情态动词一样,没有人称和数的

变化,后接动词原形,其否定形式为should’t。

例:Maybe she should say sorry to you.也许她应

该跟你说声对不起。

could的用法

情态动词could既是can的过去式,表示过去的

能力,又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议,后接动词

原形,其否定形式为couldn’t。

例:My grandfather could drive well even at the

age of eighty.

You could go out and buy her some medicine.

你可以出去给他买些药。

典型例题

The girl read before she went to school?

A. Could

B.Couldn’t

C.Should

D.May

解析:此题考查情态动词。表示过去的能利用

could,故选A。

二、状语从句

状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句。状语

从句有好几种,如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、

条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。

本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。

1.until引导的时间状语从句

until意为“直到;在........之前”。注意until和

not.....until在用法上的区别。如:

Continue in this direction until you see a sign.

一直朝着这个方向走直到你看见一个指示牌。

I didn’t wake up until I heard the alarm clock.

直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。

so that引导的目的状语从句

so that是连词,意为“为的是,以便”,引

导目的状语从句。注意so that,in order that和in

order to在用法上的区别。如:

Let me take down your telephone number so that I

can call you later.

让我记下你的号码,为的是以后好打电话给你。

although引导的状语从句

although是连词,意为“即使,尽管”,引导让

步状语从句。如:

Although he had only entered the contest for

fun,he won frist prize.

尽管他参加这次竞赛只不过是闹着玩而已,却赢

得了头等奖。

4 / 14

allow与let的区别

allow指“允许”,表示“默许,听任,不加阻止”,allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事。

Let指“让”,let sb do sth让某人做某事,语意较弱,多用于口语中,let不能用于被动语态。instead与instead of的辨析

instead为副词,常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做,而做了后面的事情。

例:Lee was ill so I went instead.李病了,所以我去了。

instead of 为介词短语,后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。

例:She wrote to him instead of calling him.=She didn’t call him.She wrote to him instead.

她没有给他打电话,而是给他写了封信。

offer与provide的辨析

offer意为“提供,供给,提议”,强调主动,自愿给予,offer后可接名词或代词,不接宾语从句。offer sb sth=offer sth to sb表示“向某人提供某物”,对方可以接受,也可以不接受;offer to do sth提议去做某事。

例:He offered to lend me some books.他提出要借给我一些书。

I offered her a beautiful dress.我给了她一件漂亮的连衣裙。

provide强调为应付意外、突发事件、紧急情况等做好充分准备而“提供,供给”,多数情况是免费的,常用于provide sb with sth和provide sth for sb,表示“为某人提供某物”。

例:We provide children with good education.我们为儿童提供良好的教育。

The shool provided food for the students.学校为学生们提供伙食。

be good at

be good at意为“擅长,善于”,该短语常用与修饰名词、代词或动词-ing形式,相当于do well in.

例:She is good at English.她英语学的好。

=She does well in English.

although

although为连词,意为:虽然;即使;纵然”,引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可。

例:Although he is very old,yer he is quite strong.

他虽然年纪大了,但身体还很健壮。however

however为副词,在句中作插入语,起一个连词的作用,一般用逗号与句子分开,可以

放在句首或句中,意为“然而,尽管如

此”。

例:It’s raining hard,However,I think we

should go out.

雨下的很大。尽管如此,我认为我

们还应该出去。

no longer与not any more的用法区别。

no longer(=not....any more)常用来修饰延

续性动词,表示与过去相比不再........,

常用于一般现在时,但也可用在过去式

和将来时的句子里,主要强调“时间不

再延长”。

例:He no longer lives here.他不再住在这

儿了。

not....any more(=no more)常用来修饰非

延续性动词,通常指今后“再也不”,

表示不再重复发生以前发生的动作或存

在的状态,强调终止,多用于将来时,

但也可用于过去时。

例:I shall go there no more.我再也不到那

儿去了。

【注意】表示时间时用no longer,多放在

系动词后或实义动词前,强调数量或程

度时用no more,放在系动词后或句末。

continue,go on,last

continue v.继续,持续,指进程在时间

或空间上的延续,强调持续不断,有时

也可以指短暂停止后继续进行。

例:He continue the work for two days.他

连续两天都在做这项工作。

go on指无间歇或有间歇地继续,或以某

种特定方式继续。go on to do sth继续做

某事,指开始做另外一件事;go on doing

sth继续做原来所做的事情。

例:After doing his homework,he went on

to preview his lessons.

做完家庭作业之后,他继续去预习他的

研究。

last v.持续,延续,维持,指某事物继

续存在或某种现象在时间上延续,说明

某一动作要延续一段时间。

例:She won’t last long in that job.那个

工作她做不了多久。

cause,reason,excuse

cause n.原因,指引起某种结果的“原因”,

后接介词of.

例:The cause of the accident was the fact that he

was driving too fast.

事故的原因是他开车开的太快。

reason n.理由,原因,指决定做某事或采取某

项行动的理由。

例:The reason he was driving so fast was that he

didn’t want to miss an important meeting.

他开车如此快的原因是他不想错过一个重要的

会议。

excuse n.辩解,借口,指对某种行为所做的解

释,可以是真的,也可以是托词。

例:He made a good excuse for his driving.

他为自己开快车找了一个堂皇的借口。

perhaps,probably,possibly,maybe

perhaps意为“也许,可能”,一般指比较小的

可能性。

例:Perhaps I will see him the day after

tomorrow,but I am not sure.

也许我后天去看他,不过我不能确定。

probably意为“很可能,大概”,其可能性最大,

表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。

例:He will probably refuse the offer.

他很可能会拒绝这份提议。

possibly意为“可能,或许,也许”,可能性较

大。

例:I’ll see you today,or possibly tomorrow.

我今天要见你,不过也可能是明天。

maybe意为“或许,大概”,主要用于非正式场

合,常用在口语中,语气比perhaps轻。

例:Maybe you put the letter in your basket.

或许你把信放在你的篮子里了。

“It’s +adj+for sb+to do sth”与“It’s +adj+of

sb+to do sth”的区别

“It’s +adj+for sb+to do sth”不含有“Sb is+adj”

的意思

例:It is not difficult for you to learn a foreign

language if you spend time and energy on it.

如果你花时间和精力,学好一门外语并不难。

“It’s +adj+of sb+to do sth”含有“Sb is+adj”

的意思,形容词往往表示的是该逻辑主语的特征

或性格,常用于这个句型的形容词有

kind,good,nice,clever,foolish等。

例:It was wise of him to do that.

他那样做是明智的。

too many, too much和much too在使用时的区别

这三个词语的主要区别在于它们的中心词

以及它们所修饰的词不同。三者之中的前一个词

5 / 14

都是修饰词,用来加强语气,后一个词是中心词。因此,在使用时只需要考虑后

一个词的用法就行了。分述如

下:

(1)too many的中心词是

many, 用法与many相同,用

来修饰复数可数名词。例如:

He's got too many questions to ask you. 他有很多问题要问你。

(2)too much的中心词是much, 用法与much相同,用来修饰不可数名词。例如: I'm afraid that I've given you to o much trouble. 恐怕我太麻烦你了。

另外, too much还可作名词性短语,用作宾语; 也可作副词

He talked too much at the meeting, didn't he? 他在会上讲得太多了,是吗?

(3)much too的中心词是too, 用法与too相同,用来修饰原级形容词或副词。例如:

You're walking much too fast. Slow down. 你走得太快了, 慢点。

Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

1.通过对话练习学习如何询问某人在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。

2.掌握过去进行时的用法。

3.学习when和while在过去进行时中的特殊用法。

1.suddenly突然;忽然

2.strange奇特的;奇怪的

3.storm暴风雨

4.report报道;公布

5.wind风

6.light光;光线;光亮

7.wood 木;木头8.window窗户

9.beat敲打;锤砸

10.heavily在很大程度上;大量地

11.against倚;碰;撞

12.rise增加;提高;增强

https://www.360docs.net/doc/9c9994432.html,pletely彻底地;完全地

14.silence沉默;缄默;无声

15.recently不久前;最近16.date日期;日子17.realize理解;领会18.truth实情;事实

1. make sure 确信;确认

2. beat against... 拍打……

3. fall asleep 进人梦乡;睡着

4. die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失

5. wake up 醒来

6. in a mess 一团糟

7. break.. . apart 使……分离

8. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候

9. at the time of 当.......时候

10. go off (闹钟)发出响声

11. take a hot shower 洗热水澡

12. miss the bus 错过公交车

13. pick up 接电话

14. bring... together 使……靠拢

15. in the area 在这个地区

16. miss the event 错过这个事件

17. by the side of the road 在路边

18. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线

19. walk by 走路经过

20. make one’s way to. 在某人去……的

路上

21. hear the news 听到这个消息

22.,important events in history 历史上的

重大事件

23.,for example 例如

24. be killed 被杀害

25. over 50 5 0多(岁)

26.a school pupil 一个小学生

27.on the radio 通过广播

28.,in silence 沉默;无声

29.,more recently 最近地;新近

30.,the World Trade Center 世贸中心

31.,take down 拆除;摧毁

32.,have meaning to 对……有意义

33.,remember doing sth. 记得做过某事

34.,at first 首先;最初

1. —What were you doing at eight last night?

昨晚8 点你在干什么?

—I was taking a shower.

我在洗淋浴。

2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom

make dinner.

当开始下雨的时候,本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。

3. —What was Jenny doing while Linda

was sleeping?

琳达在睡觉的时候,珍妮正在干什么?

—While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping

Mary with her homework.

琳达在睡觉的时候,珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。

2过去进行时的用法

过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时

间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间,除有

上下文暗示以外,一般用时间状语表示。

例:—What were you doing this time yesterday.

你们昨天在这个时间做什么?

—We were having a class.我们在上课。

状语从句

本单元我们接触了when和while引导的时

间状语从句,时间状语从句的引导词有很多,常

见的有:

【注意】since引导的从句多用一般过去时,

主句用现在完成时。如:

She has worked in the factory since graduated

from the university.

她大学毕业以后就一直在那一家工厂工作。

1.beat与win辨析

beat,win

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

+

+

比赛、游戏

奖杯、奖牌

战争

或球队等)

比赛、竞争对手(如人

获胜,赢得

win

beat

例:We beat them by the score of 2 to 1.

我们以2:1赢了他们。

6 / 14

Which team won the football match?

哪个对赢了那场足球赛?

2.try to do sth与try doing sth辨析

try to do sth意为努力做某事;试图做某事。例:They are trying hard to learn English.

他们正在努力的学习英语。

try doing sth意为试着做某事

例:I am trying doing it in this way.

我正试着用这种方法做。

3.die down与die out的用法区别。

指火的熄灭时,用die down或die out皆可。die down往往指火势由强到弱慢慢熄灭,植物慢慢死亡这一过程;

die out则指熄灭这一事实,而且不及die down

用的普遍。

die down:反映风、声音、愤怒、掌声、战斗等平息下来。

die out:指家庭、种族、物种、组织、信仰等的消失或消亡。

例:This kind of bird has died out in the world.

这种鸟已经在世界上灭绝了。

4.wake up

wake up意为“醒来”,该短语为动词短语,属于动副结构,常用作不及物动词,表示从睡着的状态醒来。例:

Don’t make noise.The baby didn’t wake up.

别吵闹。孩子还没醒。wake........... up中的wake为及物动词,后接宾语。wake up也可以在后面接宾语,意为“吵醒.......,叫醒.......”。例:

Don’t forget to wake me up tomorrow morning.

明天早上别忘了叫醒我。

5.remember to do sth与remember doing sth的用法区别。

(1)remember to do sth记得去做某事(此事还未做)

例:Remember to turn off the light when you leave the room.

当你离开房间的时候记得关灯。

remember doing sth记得做过某事(此事已做完)

例:I remember turning off the light when I left the room.

我记得离开房间时关灯了。

【知识链接】

1.go on doing sth继续做(同一件事)go on to do sth.继续做(不同的事)

2 try to do sth 努力做某事

try doing sth 尝试做某事

3.forget to do sth忘了要做某事

forget doing sth 忘记做过某事

6.hear的用法

hear意为“听见”,强调听的结果。常

用结构为:hear sb do sth听见某人做某

事;hear sb doing sth听见某人正在做某

例:We can often hear some children play

on the playground.

我们经常能听见一些孩子在操场上

玩耍。

I heard my sister singing an English

song in her room when I came back.

当我回来时,我听见我的姐姐正在

她的房间里唱一支英文歌。

hear也有“听说”之意,这时后接that

引导的宾语从句。

①hear about意为“听说”,相当于hear

of,后面接词或短语。

例:I have heard about/of the story before.

我以前就听说过这个故事。

②hear from意为“收到.......的来信;有.......

的消息”,相当于get/receive a letter from.

例:I haven’t heard from my mother for

months.

我已经好几个月没有收到我妈妈的

来信了。

7.believe in与believe的区别

believe表示“相信某人的话”或“相信

某事是真的”;believe含有“信任”的

意思。

例:I believe him.我相信他。(他说的话

不会错)

I believe in him.我信任他。(为人可

靠)

believe可接名词、代词、从句或带不定

式的复合宾语,believe in接名词或代词。

例:I believe that he is reliable.我相信他

是可以信任的。

I believe it to have been a mistake.我

相信这是一场误会。

8.happen与take place的用法区别。

happen和take place都可表示“发

生”,都不能用于被动语态。happen常

指具体事件的发生,尤其指那些偶然的或未能预

见的事件的发生;而take place通常指(某事)

按计划进行或按计划发生。

例:An accident happened yesterday.昨天发

生了一场误会。

A concert will soon take place here.在这

里即将举行一场音乐会。

9.fall asleep,sleep,go to sleep,get to sleep,go to bed

用法区别。

fall asleep属“连系动词+表语”结构,该短语意

为“入睡;睡着”,指进入梦乡,往往含有“不

知不觉就睡着了“的意思。asleep在此作表语形

容词。

例:He was just falling asleep when there was a

loud knock at the door.

他刚要入睡时,这时传来了响亮的敲门声。

sleep指睡觉时的一种状态,是一个延续性的动

词。

例:He likes to sleep for an hour in the afternoon.

他喜欢在下午睡上一个小时。

go to sleep意为“入睡,睡着”,强调从开始睡

到睡着的过程。

例:I just want to close my eyes and go to sleep as

quickly as possible.

我只是想闭上眼睛,尽快地睡上一觉。

get to sleep与go to sleep意思相近,但它强调的

是进入睡眠状态。

例:She was too excited to get to sleep last night.

她昨晚因太激动而不能入睡。

go to bed意为“就寝”,即“上床睡觉”,它只

上床去睡这个动作,与get up相对应。

例:The students in our school usually get up at six

in the morning and go to bed at half past nine in

the evening.

我们学校的学生通常早晨六点起床,晚上

九点半睡觉。

10.rise,raise辨析

rise(rose, risen)vi. 上升,升起, 升高;

上涨;站起来。说明主语自身移向较高位置,常

用于日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、河水、温度、

物价以及人的职位等,无被动语态。

例:The moon has risen above the hills.

月亮已经从山上升起。

The river has risen by several meters.河水

上涨了好几米。

raise vt. 举起,提起;抬高;筹集。说明主

语发出的动作是要作用于其它事物的,往往有使

7 / 14

(完整版)人教版初中英语八年级下册课文

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