最新高考复习动词时态语态导学案[10页]

English Basic Tenses (时态)& Voices(语态）

实义动词和系动词:

系动词亦称连系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

实义动词意思完全，能独立用作谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词（及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词；不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词）即行为动词,表示动作的动词。它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种。

实义动词verb: 表示动作和状态的词，动词有时态，语态，人称，语气的变化。

动词的分类:

1）实义动词

1.1 及物动词（vt.）

动词后要求有宾语，否则意思不完整。及物动词可有被动结构。

She studies English very hard.

I always review my lessons in the evening.

及物动词的另两种结构：

a. 接双宾语S+V+O+O

I will tell you a story about LeiFeng.

这类动词有leave, show, bring, lend, teach, tell, hand, write...

He gave me a dictionary yesterday. Miss Li teaches us English .

b. 动词加宾补S+V+O+C

They call him LaoWang. We make our school beautiful.

He asked me to send him a message. We selected him our monitor.

此句也可以换为：

He was selected our monitor.（本句是被动句，our monitor 是he 的补语，也称为主语补足语）

不及物动词指不可带宾语的动词。不可以有被动语态。

The sun rises in the east. He came last month. He works hard.

系动词link verb

连系动词只起连系作用，虽有意义但是不能单独作谓语。后面必须加表语一起构成谓语。

①变化类become (成为)，get(变得) ，turn（变为），grow（变得），come(成为)，go(变成，进入...

的状态)，fall(变成)

go bad, hungry, mad, wrong, fall ill/ asleep ,Your dream will come true one day.

②感官类look(看起来)，sound（听起来），feel（觉得），taste(尝起来)，smell(闻起来)

Roses smell sweet. She felt a bit tired.

You look so beautiful today. This song sounds familiar to me.

③显得类seem, appear, look

It looks as if ....It seems that...It appears that..

④状态类keep, stay, remain, lie, sit ,stand

The weather will remain hot for another two days.

时态和语态的主要考点

1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等。

2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从句时态呼应问题。

3、延续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。

4、及物动词（vt.)的被动语态。

5、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。

Fill in the blanks.

I _____ (study) hard abroad every day and I _____ (get) along well with my roommates, but sometimes I _____ (miss) my families.

一般现在时( The Present Indefinite )

1)表经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如always, often/ usually/frequently, sometimes, every…, at …,on Sundays/….

Correct the sentence.

The geography teacher told us that the earth moved around the sun. _______

2)表客观事实、普遍真理。

注意：主语为第三人称单数（he/she/it或单个的人名、单个的事物名称）谓语动词+s/es,其余人称作主语谓语动词用原形.

The shop will close at 9:00 p.m. _____

3) 表示按计划、规定，时间表将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 一般用于be, come, go, start, begin, leave,

arrive, return等位移/终止性动词，常与时间状语连用．

The train leaves at 6 tomorrow morning.

When does the bus start? It starts in 2 minutes.

现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense)

1) 表示现在这个时刻( 指说话时)正在发生的事情。

We ___________ (have) English class now.

2) 表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。

She ___________ (learn) piano under Mr. Smith at present.

Translate the sentence.

The girl is always talking loud in public.这个女孩老是在公共场所高谈阔论。

★进行时态与always, often/usually/ frequently/ constantly/all the time等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或说话人赞叹或厌恶等感情色彩

3) 现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的

动作,多用于位移/终止性动词,如: come, go, arrive, leave, stay, fly, take off.

I____________ (leave) tomorrow._____ you _______ (stay) here till next week?

4.现在进行时可以表示现在不断发展变化的事情。

It’s late Autumn. The weather is getting colder and colder.

Correct the sentence.

All the students here is belonging to No.1 Middle School. ________

一般情况下，下面4类动词无进行时态：

(1)表心理状态、情感的动词：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。(2) 表存在的状态动词：have, appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on。(3) 瞬间动词：begin/start, allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。(4)感官动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。

Tips:现在进行时的标志：Now, right now, at this moment, look, listen…

现在进行时和一般现在时的比较

①暂时性动作和经常性动作

The computer is working perfectly. 计算机运转得很好。（暂时）

The computer works perfectly. 计算机运转很好。（一直如此）