现代语言学(样题)
现代语言考试题及答案
现代语言考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语中“book”的汉语意思是：A. 书B. 笔C. 纸D. 墨答案：A2. 下列哪个词组不是由两个单词组成的？A. blackboardB. afternoonC. footballD. classroom答案：A3. “Please”在句子中通常表示：A. 请求B. 命令C. 疑问D. 惊讶答案：A4. “I am a student.”这句话的意思是：A. 我是一名学生。
B. 我是一名老师。
C. 我是一名医生。
D. 我是一名工程师。
答案：A5. “Good morning”通常用于：A. 早上B. 中午C. 晚上D. 深夜答案：A6. “Thank you”的意思是：A. 再见B. 你好C. 谢谢D. 对不起答案：C7. “How are you?”的标准回答是：A. I'm fine, thank you.B. I'm tired.C. I'm hungry.D. I'm busy.答案：A8. “What's your name?”的意思是：A. 你多大了？B. 你叫什么名字？C. 你来自哪里？D. 你的电话号码是多少？答案：B9. “Excuse me”通常用于：A. 道歉B. 打招呼C. 寻求帮助D. 表示惊讶答案：C10. “I don't like apples.”这句话的意思是：A. 我喜欢苹果。
B. 我不喜欢苹果。
C. 我不喜欢香蕉。
D. 我不喜欢水果。
答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语中的“hello”相当于汉语中的“_”。
答案：你好2. “Goodbye”在英语中表示“_”。
答案：再见3. “Thank you very much”可以简写为“_”。
答案：Thanks4. “How old are you?”的意思是“_”。
答案：你多大了？5. “What time is it?”的意思是“_”。
《现代语言学》试题
《现代语言学》试题2018年4月高等教育自学考试课程代码：00830I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which oneof theour choices best completes the statement and blacken the correspondingletter A, B, C orD on the ANSWER SHEET.1. Language is a system of arbitrary symbols used for humancommunication.A. visualB. vocalC. writtenD. spoken2. The English sounds [j] and [w] areA. liquidsB. glidesC. affricativesD. nasals3. The optimum age for second languageacquisition isA. early teenageB. 7 years oldC. 6 years oldD. 20 years old4. modify the meaning and in manycases change the part of speech of the original word.A. Prefixes 13. Roots C. Suffixes D. Stems5. Neurolinguists have concluded that threeareas of the left hemisphere are vital to language, namely, Broca's area, Wernicke's area andA. neuronsB. cerebral cortexC. Exner's areaD. the angular gyrus6. A clause that takes a subject and a finiteverb, and at the same time stands alone is known as a finite clause.A. semanticallyB. structurallyC. sociolinguisticallyD. phonologically7. is a linguistic situation in whichtwo standard languages are used by an individual or by a group of speakers,such as the inhabitants of aparticular region or a nation.A. CreoleB. VernacularC. BilingualismD. Diglossia8. The sense relation that holds between the twowords piece and peace isA. polysemyB. homonymyC. hyponymyD. synonymy9. As an important theory in the pragmatic studyof language, speech act theory was originated with in the late 50's of the 20thcentury.A. Paul GriceB. John SearleC. Noam ChomskyD. John Austin10. Ingeneral, linguistic change in the system and the vocabulary of a language is more noticeable than thatin other systems of the grammar.A. syntacticB. morphologicalC. soundD. semanticII.Directions: Fill in the blank on the ANSWER SHEET in each of the following statementswith one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note thatyou are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.11.According to Chomsky, a speaker has internalized a set of r about his language, which enableshim to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences.12. Englishvowels may be distinguished as front, c and back.13. B learning theory suggested that achild's verbal behavior was conditioned through association between a stimulusand the following response.14. I morphemes manifest variousgrammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree,and case.15. Thelocalization of cognitive and perceptual functions ina particular hemisphereof the brain is called I16.Syntactic rules that comprise the system of internalized linguistic knowledgeof a language speaker is known as linguisticc17. A p is a variety of language that isgenerally used by native speakers of other languages as a medium ofcommunication.18. S refers to the sameness or closesimilarity of meaning.19.According to J. Austin, a I actis the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveyingliteral meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.20. It isgenerally accepted that the history of the English language is divided into theperiods of Old English, M Englishand Modem English.IIIDirections: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.Put a T for true or F for false on the ANSWER SHEET. If you think a statementis false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version.21. Modemlinguistics regards the written language as primary.22. [s] and[z] are two alveolar fricatives in English.23. Ingeneral, language learning refers to children's development of their firstlanguage.24. The wordupdate is formed by derivation.25. The caseof Genie demonstrates that the language facultyof an average human degeneratesafter the critical period.26.Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss ofgrammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.27. Of thetwo sounds/b/and/1/, children are more likely to acquire/1/first rather than/b/.28. Theconceptualist view of meaning was further strengthened by Bloomfield, who drew onbehaviorist psychology when trying to define the meaning of linguistic form.29.Utterance is based on sentence meaning; it is the realization of the abstractmeaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication.30. Language change is essentially a matter ofchange in the grammar.IV.Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustrationwhere appropriate.31.displacement32. phoneme33.interlanguage34. root35. thecritical period hypothesis36.Universal Grammar37. slang38. hyponymy39.perlocutionary act40. semanticchangeV.Directions: Answer the following questions.41.Linguistics is generally defined as "the scientific study oflanguage". Describe briefly the process of linguistic study.42. What isthe Cooperative Principle? Please make ananalysis of what maxim is violated byB and what implicature is produced in the following conversation.A: Thespeaker is an awful bore. Don't you think?B: Thelecture hall is spacious, isn't it?(This issaid when it is known to both A and B that it is entirely possible for B tomake a comment on the speaker. )2018年10月高等教育自学考试《现代语言学》试题课程代码：00830I. Directions: Read each of the following statementscarefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statementand blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (2% ×10=20%)1. According to F.de Saussure, refers to theabstract linguistic system shared byall members ofa speech community.petenceB. performanceC. langueD. parole2. The Englishsound [u:] is aA. close vowelB. semi-close vowelC. semi-open vowelD. open vowel3. Which of thefollowing factors is NOT a learner factor?A.AcculturationB. PersonalityC. InteractionD. Motivation4. The words"take" and "table" are called because they can occur unattached.A. freemorphemesB. boundmorphemesC. formwordsD.inflectional morphemes5. What can bedrawn safely from the case of Genie is thatA. it confirmsthe critical period hypothesisB. human'slanguage acquisition device is independent of other intellectual abilitiesC. languagecannot be acquired at all after the critical periodD. the languagefaculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period and, asa result,most linguistic skills cannot develop6. Constituentsthat can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belongto the sameA. syntacticcategoryB.phonological categoryC.morphological categoryD.semantic category7. Sociolinguistics is primarily concerned with the social significance oflanguage and language usein different speech communities.A.variationB. changeC. structureD. form8. In semanticanalysis of a sentence, the basic unit is called , which is the abstraction of themeaning of a sentence.A.predicationB. predicateC. argumentD. sense9. The notion of is essential to the pragmatic studyof language.A.utteranceB. sentenceC. contextD. speech act10. The first and most widely investigated languagefamily of the world isA. theSino-Tibetan FamilyB. theIndo-European FamilyC. theAustronesian FamilyD. theAfroasiatic FamilyII. Directions: Fill in the blank on the ANSWER SHEET ineach of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which isalready given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and youare not allowed to change theletter given. (1% × 10=10%)11. Cultural t means that language can be passed on from one generation to the nextthrough teaching and learning, rather than by instinct.12. When pitch, stress, and sound length are tied to thesentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i13. Language acquisition is concerned with languaged in humans.14. Semantically, the meaning of a compound is often i , not always being the sum total ofthe meanings of its components.15. The relationship between the name and the meaning ofa word is quite .a16. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionallycalled t rules, whose operationmay change the syntactic representation of a sentence.17. A creole language is originally a p that has become established as anative language in some speech community.18. P refersto the phenomenon that the same word may have more than one meaning.19. If one contributes more information than is requiredin a conversation, he/she violates the maxim of q20. Many of the most basic terms in the English languageoriginate from O English.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the followingstatements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false on the ANSWERSHEET. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so andthen give the correct version. (2%~10=20%)21. The description of a language at some point in timeis adiachronic study.22. [0] and [6] are two dental fricatives in English.23. Although there are individual differences in onsetand rate of language development, children across cultures follow the sameorder of language development.24. "Plural" is a morpheme.25. Language is the only means for thought.26. Parameters are syntactic options of UG that allowgeneral principles to operate in one way or another and contribute tosignificant linguistic variations between and among natural languages.27. A regional dialect is usually spoken by a group ofpeople living in the same community.28. Contexualism is based on the presumption that one canderive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts.29. The twosentences "Tom smokes." and "Tom is smoking." have the samepredication.30. Modemlinguistics regards the written language as primary, not the spoken.IV. Directions: Explain the followingterms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3% × 10=30%)31. duality32. word stress33. second language acquisition (SLA)34. stem35. cerebral plasticity36. AUX-movement37. speech community38. sense39. pragmatics40. historical linguisticsV. Directions: Answer the followingquestions. (10% × 2=20%)41. Name and describe 5 of the core branches oflinguistics.42. How are semantics and pragmatics related, and how dothey differ?2019年4月高等教育自学考试《现代语言学》试题课程代码：00830I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which oneof the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the correspondingletter A, B, C orD on the ANSWER SHEET. (2%×10=20%)1. Linguistics is generally defined as the study of language.A. synchronicB. scientificC. specificD. diachronic2. aimsto discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these soundsare used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. PhoneD. Phoneme3. The American SLA scholar proposed the distinction betweenacquisition and learning.A. F. de SaussureB.N. ChomskyC.S. KrashenD.B.F.Skinner4. The basic unit in the study of morphology isA. phoneB. wordC. phonemeD. morpheme5. One of major mental functions controlled bythe right hemisphere of the brain isA. temporal orderingB. holistic reasoningC. calculationD. analytic reasoning6. Traditionally the three major types ofsentences are , and sentences.A. full / partial / incompleteB. affirmative / interrogative /imperativeC. positive / negative / neutralD. simple / coordinate or compound /complex7. Insociolinguistics, the more standard variety is called the variety, which is used for more formalor serious matters, such as speeches made in government, the media, school, orchurch.A. IowB. highC. authoritativeD. official8. The sense relation that holds between the twowordsfiower and rose isA. polysemyB.homonymyC. hyponymyD. synonymy9. While the meaning of a sentence is abstract,and decontextualized, the meaning of a(n)is concrete,and context-dependent.A. wordB. phraseC. idiomD. utterance10. Historical linguistics is the subfield oflinguistics that studies language change, therefore, it mainly adopts a approach.A. diachronicB. synchronicC. descriptiveD. prescriptiveII.Directions: Fill in the blank on the ANSWER SHEET in each of the followingstatements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue.Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to changethe letter given. (1%×10=10%)11. D features refer to the definingproperties of humanlanguage that distinguish it from any animal system ofcommunication.12. Englishconsonants can be classified either in terms of m of articulation or in terms of placeof articulation.13. Languageacquisition is concerned with language d in humans.14. Boundmorphemes include two types: roots and a15. Thebrain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called h , one on the right and one on theleft.16. Thetheory of Case Condition accounts for the fact that n phrases appear only in subject andobject positions.17. Aparticular r may be used bya particular group of people, usually sharing the same occupation like doctors,teachers, and lawyers, or the same interests, such as stamp collectors,football fans.18. R means what a linguistic form refersto in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between thelinguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.19.According to John Austin, p weresentences that did not state a fact or describe a state and were notverifiable.20. It isgenerally accepted that the history of the English language is divided into theperiods of O English, MiddleEnglish and Modem English.III.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.Put a T for true or F for false on the ANSWER SHEET. If you think a statementis false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version.(2%×10=20%)21.According to F. de Saussure, parole is concrete, while langue is abstract.22. Thereare two nasals in English: [m] [n].23. Studiesof the effect of formal instruction in general support the hypothesis that instructiondecides SLA.24. Since acompound is a word, its components cannot be written separately.25. For mostindividuals, the left hemisphere is dominant for language, regardless of handiness.26. Thearrangement of words in a linear sequence entails that sentences are simply linearly-structured.27. Aeuphemism is a mild, direct or less offensive word or expression substitutedwhen the speaker or writer fears more indirect wording might be harsh,unpleasantly offensive.28. When twowords are identical in spelling, they are homophones.29. If onesays what he believes to be false, he violates the maxim of quantity.30. The mostvigorous and on-going change in the historical development of a language is thechange in its vocabulary.IV.Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustrationwhere appropriate. (3%×10=30%)31. appliedlinguistics32.International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)33. languagetransfer34.inflectional affixes35.linguistic lateralization36.branching nodes37.semantics38.illocutionary act39.historical linguistics40. linguafrancaV.Directions: Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)41. Of thetwo media of language, speech and writing, which is more basic in the view of modemlinguistics? Explain the reasons.42. What arethe major views concerning the study of meaning? Explain them briefly.2019年10月高等教育自学考试《现代语言学》试题课程代码：00830I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which oneof the fourchoices best completes the statementand blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D onthe ANSWER SHEET.1. provides speakers with anopportunity to talk about a wide range of things, free from barriers caused byseparation in time and place.A. ArbitrarinessB. ProductivityC. DualityD. Displacement2. [ɜ:] [Ə] and [ʌ] are the vowels in English.A. frontB. semi-openC. centralD. back3. The root of the word carelessness isA. careB. carelessC. -lessD. -ness4. Syntax is a subfield of linguistics thatstudies the structure oflanguage.A. soundB. wordC. sentenceD. meaning5. The sense relation between the twowordsfiower and roseisA. antonymyB. hyponymyC. homonymyD. polysymy6. The study ofhow speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication iscommonly calledA. semanticsB. syntaxC. pragmaticsD. sociolinguistics7. Historical linguistics is the subfield oflinguistics that studies languageA. changeB. factC. grammarD. presence8. Variation in language use which is associatedwith the sex of individual speakers isA. ageB. genderC. registerD. slang9. The language center that is responsible forconverting a visual stimulus into an auditory form and vice versa is calleda(n)A. Broca's areaB. Wemicke's areaC. motor areaD. angular gyms10. Inlanguage learning, isdefined in terms of the learner's overall goal ororientation.A. motivationB. aptitudeC. acculturationD. personalityII.Directions: Fill in the blank on the ANSWER SHEET in each of the following statementswith one word, the first letter ofwhich is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fillin ONE word only, and you are notallowed to change theletter given.11. Chomskydefines p as the actualrealization of the ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language inlinguistic communication.12. Thearticulatory organs of a human being are contained in three important areas or cavities:the pharyngeal cavity, the oral cavity and the n cavity.13.Morphemes that can not stand alone, but must be combined with other morphemesto form words are calledb morphemes.14.Normally, a sentence consists of at least a s and its predicate.15. The c view holds that there is no directlink between a linguistic form and what it refers to.16. If yousay what you believe to be false in a conversation, you violate the maxim of q17. Many of the most basic terms, such as man, eat andhouse in the English language originate from O English.18. Asociolinguistic situation in which two different varieties of language co-existin a speech communication, each with a distinct range of purely social functionand appropriate for certain situations, is called d19. Thebrain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called h , one on the right and one on theleft.20. Ingeneral, language acquisition refers tochildren's development of their f language.III.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.Put a T fortrue or F for false on the ANSWERSHEET. If you think a statement is false, you mustexplain why you think so and then givethe correct version.21.Phonologists are interested in how sounds are put together and used to conveymeaning in communication.22. [p] [b][m] are the only three bilabial consonants in English.23.Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations.24. Move a(Alpha) means "move any word to any place."25. Referenceis the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.26. Aperlocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker's intention; it is theact performed in saying something.27.Linguistic change occurs in all components of the grammar, including changes inthe sound, morphological, syntactic, lexical, and semantic systems.28. A creolelanguage is originally a pidgin that has become established as a nativelanguage in somespeech community.29. Cerebralcortex in the outside surface of the brain is the most important part of thebrain.30.According to Krashen, learning refers to the gradual and subconsciousdevelopment of ability in the first language by using it naturally in dailycommunicative situations.IV. Direetions: Explain the followingterms and give examples for illustration where appropriate.31. language32. broadtranscriptionpounding34. theX-bar theory35. synonymy36. speechact theory37.diachronic linguistics38.euphemism39. thecritical period hypothesis40.interlanguageV.Directions: Answer the following questions.41. What isthe deletion rule? Explain your answer with examples.42. What doyou think are the causes of language change? Explain your answer with examples.。
现代语言学测试题两套(含答案)
试卷AⅠ.Multiple ChoiceDirections:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare’s play “Romeo and Juliet”: “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet”well illustrates _______.（）A.the conventional nature of languageB.the creative nature of languageC.the universality of languageD.the big difference between human language and animal communication2.Of the following sound combinations，only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.（）A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula “S→NP VP”。
（）A.hierarchicalB.linearC.tree diagramD.vertical4.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.（）A.Case ConditionB.parameterC.Adjacent ConditionD.Adjacent Parameter5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A.phonemeB.wordC.phraseD.sentence6.According to Searle，those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.（）misivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A.synchronicB.diachronicparativeD.historical comparative8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______, and kin term.A.title+first nameB.title+titleC.title aloneD.first name+last name+titlenguage and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other，we may regard thought as “subvocal speech，”and speech as “_______”。
语言学练习题(打印版)
语言学练习题（打印版）一、选择题1. 语言学是研究语言的科学。
以下哪项不是语言学的研究内容？- A. 语言的起源- B. 语言的演变- C. 语言的语法规则- D. 语言的数学模型2. 下列哪项属于语音学的研究范畴？- A. 单词的意义- B. 语音的产生和感知- C. 语言的社会功能- D. 语言的书写系统3. 语义学是研究语言意义的学科。
以下哪项不是语义学的研究内容？ - A. 单词的意义- B. 句子的意义- C. 语言的音韵学- D. 语言的语境对意义的影响二、填空题1. 语言的最小意义单位是________。
2. 语言学中，研究语言结构的学科称为__________学。
3. 语言的音位变化规律属于__________学的研究范畴。
三、简答题1. 描述语言学中的“语言功能”。
2. 解释“语言的同化”现象。
四、论述题1. 论述语言与文化之间的关系。
2. 讨论语言在全球化背景下的变迁。
五、实践题1. 选择一种你感兴趣的语言，并分析其语音系统的特点。
2. 从你熟悉的语言中挑选一个词，探讨其在不同语境中的意义变化。
答案一、选择题1. D2. B3. C二、填空题1. 语素2. 结构3. 音系三、简答题1. 语言功能是指语言在社会交往中所承担的不同角色和用途。
它包括但不限于表达思想、情感、意图，交流信息，以及在特定社会文化背景下的交际行为。
2. 语言的同化是指在语言接触过程中，一种语言的某些语音、词汇或语法特征被另一种语言所吸收和整合，从而使得两种语言在某些方面趋于相似的现象。
四、论述题1. 语言与文化是相互影响、相互塑造的。
语言不仅是文化的载体，也是文化的重要组成部分。
语言反映了一个社会的历史、价值观、习俗和思维方式，而文化则通过语言得以传承和发展。
2. 全球化背景下，语言的变迁主要表现在语言的传播、借用和融合。
随着国际交流的增加，一些语言的影响力扩大，而一些语言可能会逐渐消失或被边缘化。
同时，语言的标准化和规范化也在不断发展，以适应全球化的需求。
现代语言学试卷及答案
外语系英语专业第1学期现代语言学课程考核试卷(A)考核方式: （闭卷) 考试时量：120 分钟I.Directions: Explain the following terms, usingone or two examples for illustration.(3%×5=15%)1．duality2. root3. reference4. hyponymy5. perlocutionary actⅡ. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully.Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.(2%×15=30%)( )1. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze thelanguage peopleactually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior,it is said to be ___________.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptive D、psycholinguistic ( )2. In English, “pill” and “bill” are ___________.A. a phonemic contrastB. complementary distributionC. assimilation D a minimal pair ( )3. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established, and until recently the most highlydeveloped, is___________phonetics.A. auditoryB. acousticC. articulatoryD. none of the above three ( )4. What the element ‘-es’ indicates is third person singular, present tense, the element ‘-ed’ past tense, and ‘-ing’ progressive aspect. Since they are the smallest unit of language and meaningful, they are also___________.A. phonemesB. morphemesC. allophonesD. phones( )5 .In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of ___________.A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental( )6.The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is___________.A. arbitraryB.non-arbitraryC. logicalD.non-productive ( )7.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___________A.gradable antonymsB.converse antonymsC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms( )8.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is___________rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative ( )9.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as___________.A.+animate,+male,+human,+adult B.+animate,+male,+human,-adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male ,+human,+adult( )10.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day, eight days a week."obviously violates the maxim of ___________.A.qualityB.quantityC.relationD.ma nner( )11. The sentence “The baby smiled.” is a___________.A. two-place predicationB. three-place predicationC. no-place predicationD. one-place predication ( )12. “John killed Bill but Bill didn’t die” is a (n) ___________.A. entailmentB. presuppositionC. anomalyD. contradiction( )13. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _________ is considered.A. referenceB. speech actC. contextD. practical usage( )14. A sentence is a _________ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.A. pragmaticB. grammaticalC. mentalD. conceptual( )15. The sentence structure is _________.A. only linearB. only hierarchicalC. complexD. both linear and hierarchicalⅢ. Directions: Judge whether each of thefollowing statements is true or false. Put a Tfor true or F for false in the brackets infront of each statement. (2%×10=20%) ( )1. In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is givenmore emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons. ( )2. The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. Thisindicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components.()3. Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violatedand the hearer knows that it is being violated, do conversational implicatures arise.( )4. All words may be said to contain a root morpheme. ( )5.The word “photographically” is made up of 5morph emes. ( )6. A general difference between phonetics and phonology is thatphonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology ismore concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning. ( )7. The relationship between the embedded clause and its matrix clause is one of a part to the whole.( )8.“The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture”, and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.” belong to the same syntactic category.( )9. “It is raining hard” is a one-place predication sentence. ( )10. Componential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word cannot be dissected into meaning components, called semantic feature.Ⅳ. Answer the following questions. (35%)1. Give the description of the following sound segments in English. (5%)[k][z][w][u:][i]2. What are the major distinctions between langue and parole? (5%)3. According to the ways antonyms differ, how many groups canwe classify antonyms into? Illustrate them with examples. (5%)4. Paraphrase the sentence “The boy saw the man with the telescope.” by drawing the constituent structure trees for each possible interpretation. (10%)5.What are the four maxims of the CP? Comment on the following conversation in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle:A: Where’ve you been?B: Out. 答案I. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×5=15%)1. Duality : The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings. At the lower or the basic level, there is the structure of sounds, which are meaningless, discrete, individual sounds. But the sounds of language can be combined according to rules into units of meaning such as morphemes and words2. root: A root is the base form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity. That is to say, it is that port of the word when all the affixes are removed.3. reference: Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in thereal, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.4. hyponymy: Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word.5. perlocutionary act: A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance; it is the act performed by saying something.Ⅱ. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×15=30%)1-5 CDCBB 6-10 ABBAA 11-15 DDCBDⅢ. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%×10=20%)1-5 FFTTF 6-10 TTTFFⅣ. Answer the following questions. (35%)1. Give the description of the following sound segments in English. (5%) [k]: voiceless, stop, velar[z]: voiced, alveolar, fricative[w]: bilabial, approximant[u:]: back, lax, rounded, high[i]: front, tense, unrounded, high2. What are the major distinctions between langue and parole? (5%)Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use. Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to follow while parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules. Langue is abstract; it is not the language people actually use, but parole is concrete; it refers to the naturally occurring language events. Langue is relatively stable. it does not change frequently; while parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situation.3. According to the ways antonyms differ, how many groups can we classify antonyms into? Illustrate them with examples. (5%)Gradable antonymy Complementary antonymy Converse antonymy4. Paraphrase the sentence “The boy saw the man with the telesc ope.” by drawing the constituent structure trees for each possible interpretation. (10%) omitted5. What are the four maxims of the CP? Comment on the following conversation in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle: (10%)A: Where’ve you been?B: Out. Quality maxims Quantity maxims Manner maximsRelation maxims。
《现代语言学》自考真题试题与答案解析
《现代语言学》自考真题试题与答案解析卷面总分：98分答题时间：80分钟试卷题量：49题一、单选题（共39题，共78分）1.A linguistic theory is constructed about what ______ is and how it works.• ngue• B.linguist• nguage• D.learning正确答案：C语言的研究过程可以总结为：首先，要观察某些语言材料，从而发现一些共性并对其加以总结;其次，根据这些总结提出一些假设来解释这些语言材料，然后再通过进一步的观察来验证这些假设的正确性;最后建立一套语言学理论来说明语言的本质内容以及这些语言是如何发挥作用的。
2.We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium oflanguage and individual sounds within that range as ______.• A.vowels• B.consonants• C.sounds• D.speech sounds正确答案：D在语言交际中占有一席之地、由人类的发音器官所发出来的声音在数量上是有限的。
这些范围有限，但对人类交际活动意义重大、对语言学研究价值不菲的声音就是语言的音响媒介，凡是在这个范围内的每个单个的声音都叫做语音。
3.The basic unit in the study of morphology is ______.• A. the internal structure• B.morpheme• C.the rules by which words are formed• D.word正确答案：B正如音位是音系学研究中的基本单位一样，词素是形态学研究中的基本单位。
4.The syntactic rules of any language are ______ in number.• rge• B.small• C.finite• D.infinite正确答案：C对于任何一种自然语言，一套句法规则可以产生出无穷多的句子，也就是说，任何语言的句法规则都是有限的，而说话人能够说出和理解的句子的数量是无限的。
现代语言学复习资料
《现代语言学》考试大纲一、单项选择题1.If a linguistic study aims to establish rules for “correct and standard”behavior in using language, i.e. to tell people what they should and what they should not say, it is said be _____________.(C)A. descriptiveB. synchronicC. prescriptiveD. diachronic2.Saussure took a _____________ view of language and his notion of langue is a matterof social conventions.(B)A. pragmaticB. sociologicalC. semanticD. syntactic3._____________ consider language to be a set (finite or infinite) of sentences,each finite in length and constructed out of a finite set of elements.(B)A. SaussureB. ChomskyC. SapirD. Hall4.The fact that there are many onomatopoeic words, such as rumble, crash, cackle,bang in English suggests that language is not entirely ___________________.(C)A. logicalB. non-arbitraryC. arbitraryD. illogical5.The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important areas:the throat, the mouth and the nose. The air stream coming from ____________ may be modified in these cavities in various ways.(D)A. heartsB. teethC. liversD. lungs6.The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the followingphonetic features: _______________.(B)A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodentals,fricativeC. voiced, bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodentals,fricative7.Of the following sound combination, only ______________ is permissible accordingto the sequential rules in English.(A)A. kilbB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbk8.The tone, defined as pitch variation, is an important suprasegmental feature oftone languages such as ________________.(A)A. ChineseB. EnglishC. Chinese and EnglishD. English and French9.Whereas the suffix –s is pronounced as [s] in the word books, [z] in bags, and[iz] in judges, they are different pronunciations of the __________________ morpheme /-s/.(C)A. freeB. distinctiveC. pluralD. present tense10.To determine a wor d’s category, three criteria are usually employed, namely,meaning, ___________ and distribution.(A)A. inflectionB. part of speechC. structureD. grammar11.The yes-no question structures are built in two steps. In the first step, theusual XP is used to form a structure in which the auxiliary occupies its normal position in Infl, between the subject and the VP. The second step in forming a yes-no question requires a _____________, a special type of rule that can move the auxiliary from the Infl position to a position to the left of the subject.(A)A. transformationB. changeC. modificationD. limit12.Subcategorization means that a certain lexical requires a certain type ofcomplement. For example, verbs like appear can occur without any complement, cut can occur with an NP complement and some heads in English such as ______________ can take more than one complement.(D)A. eatB. drinkC. plantD. put13.According to the way they differ, synonyms can be divided into several kinds.The kind to which star and commence belong is called ____________ synonyms.(A)A. stylisticB. dialectalC. emotiveD. collocational14.The relation between the word furniture and the words like bed, table, desk,dresser, wardrobe, settee etc. is called ____________________.(A)A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. antonymyD. polysemy15.“He was a bachelor all his life”_______________ “He never married all hislife”.(D)A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent withD. is synonymous with16.The description of a language as it changes through time is a _________________study.(B)A. comparativeB. diachronicC. up-to-dateD. descriptive17.Chomsky looks at language from a ____________ point of view and to him competenceis a property of the mind of each individual.(B)A. pragmaticB. psychologicalC. semanticD. syntactic18.The fact that different languages have different words for the same object isgood proof that human language is _________________.(A)A. arbitraryB. non-arbitraryC. logicalD. non-productive19.The limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human communication constitutethe phonic medium of language; and the individual sounds within this range are the __________.(A)A. speech soundsB. useful soundsC. human soundsD. communicative sounds20.When the vocal cords are drawn wide apart, letting air go through without causingvibration, the sounds produced in such a condition are _____________.(A)A. voicelessB. lax21.A phoneme is a phonological unit; it is a unit that is of distinctive value. Itis a(n) ___________unit. It is not any particular sound, but rather it is represented or realized by a certain phone in a certain phonetic context.(A)A. abstractB. concreteC. complementaryD. phonetic22.If three consonants should cluster together at the beginning of a word, thecombination should obey the following three rules: 1) The first phoneme must be _________;2) The second phoneme must be /p/ or /t/ or /k/; 3) The third phoneme must be /l/ or /r/ or /w/.(D)A. /g/B. /z/C./f/D. /s/23.__________________refers to the part of the grammar that is concerned with wordformation and word structure.(C)A. General linguisticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Syntax24.There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix “-ed”in the phrase“learned a language” is known as a(n) _______________.(C)A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free from25.The word around which a phrase is formed is termed head. The words on the leftside of the heads are said to function as _______________. The words on the right side of the right side of the heads are said to function as complements.(D)A. qualifierB. auxiliaryC. determinerD. specifier26.In the sentence will the train arrive, will retains its Infl label even throughit is moved into the C position, and the position that it formerly occupied remainsin the tree structure. The position is now marked by the symbol e (=empty), and called a ______________.(B)A. auxiliaryB. traceC. functional wordD. content word27.The contextualist view of meaning is based on the presumption that one can derivemeaning from or reduce meaning to observable context. Two kinds of context are recognized: the situational context and the _________________ context.(C)A. distinctiveB. observableC. linguisticD. similar28.The same one word may have more than one meaning. The various meanings of theword are related to some degree. This is what we call ________________. For example, the word table means a piece of furniture, and it may also mean all the people seated at a table.(A)A. polysemyB. hyponymyC. antonymyD. homonymy29.A pair of complementary antonyms is characterized by the feature that the denialof one member of the pair implies the assertion of the other, that is, it is a matter of either one or the other. The following pairs are all complementary antonyms except _______________.(B)A. perfect and imperfectB. husband and wifeC. male and femaleD. dead and alive30.“This is my first visit to your country”_______________ “I have been to yourcountry before”.(C)A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent withD. is synonymous with31.Saussure uses the term _______________ to refer to the realization of abstractlinguistic system in actual use, i.e. the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules..(C)A. langueB. competenceC. paroleD. performance32.It is generally believd that the beginning of __________________ was marked bythe publication of F. de Saussure’s book Course in General Linguistics in the early 20th century.(D)A. pragmaticsB. syntaxC. semanticsD. modern linguistics33.______________ refers to the defining properties of human language thatdistinguish it from any animal system of communication. By comparing language with animal communication systems, we can have a better understanding of the nature of language.(D)A. Distinctive featuresB. Semantic featuresC. Logical featuresD. Design features34.The study of sounds used in linguistic communication led to the establishmentof ____________. It is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world’s language.(A)A. phoneticsB. semanticsC. morphologyD. syntax35.One important feature that marks the difference between vowels and constants isthat whether the air coming from the lungs meet with any ____________.(B)A. aspirationB. obstructionC. voicingD. transition36.The features that a phoneme possesses, making it different from other phonemes,are its __________________, such as voicing, manner of articulation, place of articulation, etc.(B)A. different componentsB. distinctive featuresC. different soundsD. different allophones37.The sound assimilation is actually reflected in the spelling in most cases.Instead of impossible, the negative form of possible is impossible, as the [n] sound is assimilated to [m]. For the same reason, the negative prefixes for words like plausible, legal, regular are___________________ respectively.(A)A. im-, il- and ir-B. im-, im-, in-C. in-, il-, and ir-D. im-, in-, ir38.Conjunctions, _______________, articles and pronouns consist of the grammaticalor functional words. The number of such words is small and stable since few new words are added, therefore such words have been referred to as closed class words.(C)A. nounsB. adjectivesC. prepositionsD. adverbs39._______________ refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same orsimilar functions in a particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase ora verb.(B)A. WordB. CategoryC. MorphemeD. Phoneme40.In the phrase structure rules such as “NP → (Det) N (PP)” or “VP → (Qual)V (NP),”the arrow can be read as “_____________”.(B)A. is equal toB. consists ofC. hasD. generates41.The word around which a phrase is formed is termed head. The words on the leftside of the heads are said to function as _______________. The words on the right side of the right side of the heads are said to function as complements.(D)A. qualifierB. auxiliaryC. determinerD. specifier42.Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which girl and lass belongis called ____________ synonyms.(B)A. stylisticB. dialectalC. emotiveD. collocational43.______________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings havethe same forms, i.e. words with different meanings are identical in sound or spelling, or both. For example, rain/reign, bow v./bow n. and bear n./bear v.(D)A. PolysemyB. HyponymyC. AntonymyD. Homonymy44.Pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two itemsare called relational opposites. The following pairs are all relational opposites except _____________.(C)A. doctor and patientB. husband and wifeC. male and femaleD. teacher and student45.“I bought some roses” _______________ “I bought some flowers.”(A)A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent withD. is synonymous with二、判断题(打“√”或“×”，答案务必写在答题纸上）46.Modern linguistics is mainly prescriptive. It studies what is normally known as“grammar” and is normally based on “high” (religious, literary) written language. It aims to set model for language users to follow. （×）47.According Saussure, parole is simply a mass of linguistic fact, too varied andconfusing for systematic investigation, and what linguists should do is to abstract langue from parole, i.e. to discover the regularities governing the actual use of language.（√）48.Human capacity for language has a genetic basis, i.e. we are all born with theability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.（×）49.Vowels may be classified as front, central, and back according to which part ofthe tongue is held highest, i.e. maintains the highest position.（√）50.The sound [l] in the two English words leap and peel is pronounced differently.The first one is what we call a clear [l] and the second one a dark [ɬ]. From the phonological point of view, these two sounds are fundamentally the same.（√）51.We can always tell by the words a compound contains what it means because themeaning of a compound is always the sum of the meanings of its parts.（×）52.Semantics can be defined as the study of meaning. So far the question of whatmeaning really is has been resolved.（×）53.If we take “The dog is barking” as something a speaker utters in a certainsituation with a certain purpose, then we are regarding it as a sentence.（×）54.Since the Second World War there has been a trend towards much greater informalityof expression. Conversational forms like ain’t, don’t and can’t are now commonly used in articles in the press.（√）55.Women are usually more status-conscious than men in the English-speaking world;therefore, their speech more closely approaches the standard variety than the speech of men. For instance, women have a lower frequency of using [n] for [ŋ] than men do.（√）56.The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech;thus there are still many languages in today’s world that can only be spoken, but not written.（√）57.Contrary to Saussure, Chomsky thinks that what linguists should study is the idealspeakers’ performance, i.e. the actualization of linguistic knowledge in real communication.（×）58.The speech organs located in the oral cavity are the tongue, the uvula, the softpalate, the hard palate, the teeth ridge, the teeth and lips.（√）59.In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a longvowel such as /i:/, the larynx is in a state of tension.（√）60.If someone should pronounce the dark [ɬ] in the word peel incorrectly as a clear[l], an English speaker would not for this reason fail to understand him, he would still understand what action he is talking about but would only find his pronunciation a little bit strange.（√）61.The syntactic category of the specifier differs depending on the category of thehead. If the heads are Ns, the specifiers are determiners. If the heads are Vs, the specifiers are qualifiers and if the head are As or Ps, then the specifiers are degree words.（√）62.The meaning of the word black doesn’t differ in the two collocations of blackhair and black coffee since linguistic context doesn’t form part of the meaning of the word.（×）63.The meaning of a sentence is abstract, and decontextualized, that of an utteranceis concrete, and context-dependent. The meaning of an utterance is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a context.（√）64.Two people who speak the same regional dialect may speak different social-classdialects, or sociolects. Their social background influence their choice of linguistic forms, and the linguistic feature of the language they use reveal their identities.（√）65.Male speech is, on the whole, less assertive and thus sounds to be more politethan male speech. For instance, male speakers tend to use more often the question tag and such syntactic forms as I’m afraid…and I’m not sure but…（×）ngue is relatively stable, it does not change frequently; while parole variesfrom person to person, and from situation to situation.（√）67.An important difference between traditional grammarians and modern linguists intheir study of language is that the former tended to overemphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the “best authors” for language usage.（√）68.In such sound combinations as / pɪt/, /ˈpeɪpə/ and / pleɪn/, the voiceless stop/p/, occurring in the first position, is unaspirated, i.e. pronounced with the strong puff of air withheld to some extent.（×）69.A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is focusedon the production of speech sounds while phonology is more concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning.（√）70.We can add –un to adjectives to form new adjective words. This un-Rule is notas productive for adjectives composed of just one morpheme as for those that are themselves derived for verbs, such as unacceptable and undecided.（√）71.The syntactic category of the specifier differs depending on the category of thehead. If the heads are Ns, the specifiers are determiners. If the heads are Vs, the specifiers are qualifiers and if the head are As or Ps, then the specifiers are degree words.（√）72.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the studyof meaning the context of use is considered. If it is not considered, the study is being carried out in the area of pragmatics.（×）73.Grice specified two kinds of implied meaning or implicature: conventionalimplicature and non-conventional implicature. Conventional implicature is inferred by the hearer with reference to the context of communication. For example, he is rich but he is not greedy.（×）74.It has been found that the absence of the suffix of third-person present-tensesingular form of verbs and the non-standard use of double negation like I can’t eat nothing are not correlated with the social status of the speaker.（×）75.Different styles of same language can be characterized through differences atsyntactic level. For example, the use of passive and impersonal constructions can account for the higher degree of formality in some discourses.（√）三、名词解释（每小题5分）76.duality[答案]: Duality means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings. At the lower or the basic level, there is the structure of sounds, which are meaningless, discrete, individual sounds. But the sounds of language can be combined according to rules into units of meaning such as morphemes and words, which are found at the higher level of the system. For example, the grouping of the three sounds/k/，/a:/ and /p/ can mean either a kind of fish (carp) or a public place for rest and amusement (park).（温馨提示：照抄答案，没有加入自己的答案，一律0分。
全国自考(现代语言学)模拟试卷6(题后含答案及解析)
全国自考（现代语言学）模拟试卷6(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 填空题 3. 判断题 4. 名词解释 5. 论述题单项选择题1．A scientific study of language is based on the ________ investigation of language data．( )A．symbolicB．systemicC．systematicD．system正确答案：C解析：本题主要考查对语言进行科学研究的要求和基础。
对语言进行科学的研究是建立在对语言材料进行系统的调查研究的基础上的。
2．________ are sometimes called“semivowels”．( )A．V owelsB．FricativeC．GlidesD．Nasals正确答案：C解析：本题主要考查滑音的概念。
滑音有时被称作“半元音”。
3．________ is a typical tone language．( )A．EnglishB．ChineseC．FrenchD．American English正确答案：B解析：本题主要考查汉语的特点。
汉语是一种典型的声调语言。
4．A sentence is considered ________ when it conforms to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers．( )A．rightB．wrongC．grammaticalD．ungrammatical正确答案：C解析：本题主要考查合乎语法的句子。
当一个句子符合操本族语者头脑中的语法知识时，它就被认为是合乎语法的。
5．The number of the lexical items in the minor lexical categories is ________ and no new members are allowed for．( )A．largeB．smallC．limitlessD．fixed正确答案：D解析：本题主要考查次要词类中词的数量特点。
现代语言考试题及答案
现代语言考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪项不是现代汉语的特点？A. 词汇丰富B. 语法严谨C. 语音清晰D. 表达简洁答案：B2. 现代汉语中，“的”、“地”、“得”的使用规则是什么？A. “的”用于形容词后B. “地”用于动词后C. “得”用于副词后D. 以上都是答案：D3. 下列哪个词组不是现代汉语中的固定搭配？A. 春暖花开B. 秋高气爽C. 冬暖夏凉D. 春寒料峭答案：C4. 在现代汉语中，“他”和“她”的区别是什么？A. “他”指男性，“她”指女性B. “他”指人，“她”指物C. “他”指物，“她”指人D. “他”和“她”没有区别答案：A5. 下列哪个选项是现代汉语中的正确句式？A. 他去图书馆看书了。
B. 他去了图书馆看书。
C. 他去图书馆看书了。
D. 他去了图书馆看书了。
答案：C6. 现代汉语中，“了”字的用法是什么？A. 表示过去B. 表示将来C. 表示进行D. 表示完成答案：D7. 下列哪个词组不是现代汉语中的成语？A. 画蛇添足B. 狐假虎威C. 狗尾续貂D. 猫头鹰答案：D8. 现代汉语中，“把”字句的使用规则是什么？A. 表示动作的完成B. 表示动作的进行C. 表示动作的目的D. 表示动作的结果答案：A9. 下列哪个选项是现代汉语中的正确表达？A. 他昨天去图书馆了。
B. 他昨天去了图书馆。
C. 他昨天去图书馆了。
D. 他昨天去了图书馆了。
答案：B10. 在现代汉语中，“被”字句的使用规则是什么？A. 表示被动B. 表示主动C. 表示进行D. 表示完成答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 现代汉语中，“一”字可以作为______词使用。
答案：量词2. 在现代汉语中，“了”字用于句末，表示______。
答案：动作的完成3. 现代汉语中，“吗”字用于句末，表示______。
答案：疑问4. 现代汉语中，“呢”字用于句末，表示______。
答案：停顿5. 在现代汉语中，“把”字句的句式结构是______。
全国自考(现代语言学)模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析)
全国自考（现代语言学）模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 填空题 3. 判断题 4. 名词解释 5. 论述题单项选择题1．The study of language as a whole is often called________linguistics．( )A．particularB．generalC．ordinaryD．generative正确答案：B解析：本题主要考查普通语言学的定义。
把语言作为一个整体而进行的全面的语言学研究一般被称为普通语言学。
2．________can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language．( )A．PhonesB．SoundsC．PhonemesD．Speech sounds正确答案：A解析：本题主要考查语音的定义。
我们可以简单地把语音定义为我们在说一种语言时所使用的声音。
3．The two clauses in a ________sentence are structurally equal parts of the sentence．( )A．simpleB．completeC．complexD．coordinate正确答案：D解析：本题主要考查并列句中各个成分的特点。
并列句中的两个句子在结构上是相同的。
4．What is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a ________system of grammatical knowledge．( )A．phraseB．sentenceD．symbol正确答案：C解析：本题主要考查人们在本族语习得中大脑内化的特点。
讲本族语的大脑中所内化的是一套有关语法知识的规则系统。
5．“I like this shirt very much．”has ________arguments．( ) A．oneB．twoC．threeD．four正确答案：B解析：本题主要考查有关论元(arguments)的知识。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
武汉大学2010-2011年度下学期现代语言学期末考试试卷
学号： 姓名： 专业：汉语言文学
说明：卷面100分，折算为总评成绩的60%。
开卷但不允许交流（包括短信、qq等）
【携书参考】
一本语概的书，一本现汉的书，林、王版《语音学教程》，一篇介绍索绪尔理论的文章（以前有发到公邮），足矣。
1、听辨音节。
选出你认为最接近的音节，将其写在每组序号旁的空白处，20*1分=20分。
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
py
pø
po
(11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20)
【结合flash认真读，至少能得15分以上】
2、请给下列句子标注国际音标，普通话（要求标声调）或方言（不要求标声调、声调标错不扣分）均可，共20分。
汉 语 属 于 汉 藏语 系 。
【送20分，请认真准备】
3、填空，共20分。
（1）考察语言系属（5分）。
（2）英语词根解析（3分）
（3）考察结构主义的几大流派（5分）。
（4）考察向心结构与离心结构（7分）
4、语料解析，共5分。
考察“格”范畴。
5、简答，3*5=15分。
（1）考察音位归并问题。
（如普通话塞擦音、中元音等）
（2）考察索绪尔语言理论。
（3）考察主要的语法手段。
6、论述，10*2=20分。
要求条理清楚，没有必要写很多字。
（1）请谈谈汉语与英语在语言结构上的差异（语音、词汇、语法等方面均可），以及中国人学英语或英美人学汉语应该注意些什么（可集中一点或几点来讨论，此题中的英语可以换为任何你熟悉的语言，包括外语和民族语）。
（2）（二选一）
（一）语言是人类最伟大的创造，没有语言，人类文明就无法传承。
然而跟文学、史学等学科相比，语言研究却显得抽象、枯燥。
文学、史学的节目很容易就能上《百家讲坛》之类的节目，但却从未听说这类节目有语言学类的话题。
是语言研究对社会没用吗？
如果有用，为什么她不能提起观众的兴趣，症结何在？
如果你将来不想专门学习语言学，你认为应该如何用好语言学这个工具？
如果你将来想专门学习语言学，你认为本课程的缺点和问题在哪里，你所期待的语言学课程应具备哪些条件？
请结合你自己的体会，谈谈对这类问题的看法。
（二）互联网兴起之后，我们的语言也在发生剧烈的变化。
请结合你自己的感受，谈谈你跟父辈、甚至祖辈在语言上有哪些差异。
【论述题都是原题，请认真准备】。