高中英语语法--冠词

UNIT2冠词

一、分类：不定冠词a/an，定冠词the，零冠词（不用冠词）

a / an的用法

1. 表示“某种类别当中的一个”，“该类中的一例”

A cat is an animal.猫是一种动物。

He’s a Frenchman.他是个法国人。

2. 第一次提到某物

I looked up and saw a plane. 我抬头看见了一架飞机.

3. 用在称呼前，含有“我不认识．．．的感觉”

A Mr. Smith is waiting to see you.一位史密斯先生正等着要见您。

4. 可以表示量度单位，＂每．．．＂

40 km an/per hour 每小时40公里

twice a/per day 每天两次

5. 与可数名词连用位于what, such之后，表示感叹，或强调程度

What a surprise! 真是让人吃惊。

My boss is such a fool! 我的老板这么蠢。

6. 用在形容词最高级前，相当于very。

This is a most useful dictionary.这是一本非常有用的字典。

go to see you.一位史密斯先生正等着要见您。

7. 用在序数词前面表示“再一次，又一次”。

Ten years after the death of her husband, she got married for a second time.

在她丈夫去世十年后，她再次结婚了。

8. 用在many, quite, rather, such, twice, what 等词后面，构成短语。

It’s quite a problem. 这是一个相当难的问题。

I’ve never seen such an exciting football match before. 我以前从来没见过这么精彩的比赛。

9. 注意区分a/ an：一般来说，an用在元音前，a用在非元音前。但注意下面的特殊例子。

a Europe (European, one-way street, union, university, useful tool, usual way…)

an honest man an 80-metre-high-tower

the的用法

1.基本用法：有明确的所指；可以与任何名词连用

Shut the door. 关门。

Where will the meeting be held? 在哪儿开会？

2. The + adj.表示一类人或事物

the British英国人, the rich富人, the young年轻人,

3. 表示一天的各段时间

in the morning/ afternoon/ evening

4. 表示独一无二的自然现象，方位，左右

the earth地球, the sun太阳, the east东, the west西, the right右, the left左

5. 用在乐器之前，中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:play erhu(二胡)

My sister is learning the flute/ piano.我妹妹在学笛子/ 钢琴。

6. 用在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪中几十年代

in the1870’s 十九世纪七十年代,

7. 用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示这一家人。

the Smiths史密斯一家人

8. 用在某些习惯表达法中的介词短语中，指有关者的身体或衣着的一部分

lead sb. by the hand拉着某人的手,

hit sb. in the face打在某人的脸上,

grasp sb. by the sleeve抓住某人的袖子

9. 用在形容词最高级和序数词前面。

The first time I saw him was in 1990.我第一次见他是在1990年。

Could you tell me the shortest way to the station?你能告诉我去火车站最近的路吗？

10. 和表示数量的名词连用，表示“以．．．为单位”

Eggs are sold by the dozen. 鸡蛋按打来卖。

He is paid by the hour /the day/ week/ month.他按小时/天/周/月来付酬。

11. 与名词连用时，要注意与不定冠词的区别。

a / the most interesting…非常有趣的… / 最有趣的…

a / the number of 许多/ …的数量

for a/ the moment 片刻，一会儿/ 暂时，目前

give sb. a / the push 推某人一下/ 解雇某人

零冠词-----以下情况不用冠词

1. 表示泛指或一般概念

Snow is white. 雪是白的。

比较：The snow in the yard is very thick.院子里的雪很厚。

2. 一日三餐、四季前不用冠词，三餐名词之前若加形容词时则除外：

We have breakfast at eight．

我们8点钟吃早饭。

He gave us a good breakfast．

他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。

Have you had breakfast/ lunch/ dinner? 你吃早饭/午饭/晚饭了吗？

比较：The breakfast was well cooked. 这顿早饭做得好。

3. 球类，棋类之前不用冠词

Let’s go and play football.我们去踢足球吧。

How about having a game of chess, John? 约翰，咱们下盘棋好吗？

4. 称呼语及表示家庭成员（常大写）的名词之前不用冠词

Tom asked, “Where’s Father/ Mother/ Aunt?”汤姆问，“爸爸/妈妈/姑姑在哪儿？”5. 月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词

January 一月份Sunday 星期日Christmas Day 圣诞节Thanksgiving 感恩节

National Day 国庆节May Day 劳动节

注:民族节日前要加the 如:the Spring Festival

6. 在表语，宾语补足语，同位语中，表示独一无二的职位或头衔前不用冠词

Who’s captain of your team? 谁是你们队长？

He was elected monitor of our class.他被选为班长

George Bush, president of the United States… 美国总统布什…

7. 在表示学科的名词之前不用冠词

English, Chinese, mathematics…

8. 在独立结构中不用冠词

The hunter entered the forest, gun in hand.猎人手拿着枪，走进了森林。

Child as he is, he knows a lot about the history of China.他虽然是个孩子，却对中国历史了解很多。

9. 在某些习惯用语中不用冠词

go to school (college, hospital, cla ss, church, bed…)

by bike, (bus, train, car, boat, ship, plane, air…)

at sunrise, (sunset, noon, night, midnight)

10.泛指人类不加冠词

Man is mortal. 人必有一死。

11. 在"kind of＋名词sort of＋名词"句式中不用冠词

What kind of flower is it?

这是什么花？

I like this sort of book.

我喜欢这种书。

练习：

1.Alice is fond of playing ______ piano while Henry is interested in listening to ______ music.

A. /, the

B. /, /

C. the, /

D. the, the

2.Alexander Grander Bell invented ______ telephone in 1876.

A. /

B. a

C. the

D. one

3.---Where’s Jack?

--- I think he’s still in ______ bed, but he might just be in ______ bathroom.

A. /, /

B. the, the

C. the, /

D. /, the

4.She is ______ newcomer to ______ chemistry, but she has already made some important

discoveries.

A. the, the

B. the, /

C. a, /

D. a, the

5.Wouldn’t it be ______ wonderful world if all nations lived in ______ peace with one another?

A. a, /

B. the, /

C. a, the

D. the, the

6.______coffee that we drank just now was given to us by ______ Jacksons.

A. /, /

B. The, /

C. /, the

D. The, the

7.I remember he lives in ______ south, so we shouldn’t be walking ______ south.

A. /, /

B. /, the

C. the, /

D. the, the

8.They spent ______ getting the problem settled.

A. so a long time

B. quite a long time

C. quite long a time

D. such long a time

9.______People’s Republic of China has opened its door to ______ rest of ______ world.

A. The, /, the

B. /, the, the

C. The, the, the

D. /, /, the

10.Your shoes and mine are ______.

A. of size

B. in a size

C. same big

D. of a size

11.Many people agree that ___knowledge of English is a must in _____international trade.

A. a; 不填;

B. the; an

C. the; the

D. 不填; the (NMET1996)

12.—Have you seen_____ pen? I left it here this morning. —Is it ____ black one? I think I saw it

somewhere. (NMET1997)

A. a; the

B. the; the

C. a; a;

D. the; a

13.Paper money was in ____use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _____thirteenth

century. (NMET1999)

A. the; 不填;

B. the; the

C. 不填; the

D. 不填; 不填

14.Most animals have little connection with ____animals of ___different kind unless they kill them for

food. (NMET2000)

A. the; a

B. 不填; a

C. the; the

D. 不填; the

15.Summers in______ south of France are for _____most part dry and sunny. (2000春季)

A. /; a

B. the; /

C. /，/

D. the; the

16.The warmth of ___sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ____wool used.

A. the; the

B. the; 不填;

C. 不填; the

D. 不填; 不填(NMET2001)

17.Mr Smith, there's a man at____ front door who says he has____ news for you of great

importance. (2001春季)

A. the; 不填

B. the; the

C.不填；不填

D.不填；the

18.I don’t like talking on telephone; I prefer writing letters.

A. a; the

B. the; 不填

C. the; the

D. a; 不填(2002春季)

19.One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain __________ good knowledge of basic

word formation.

A. /

B. the

C. a

D. one (2002上海)

20.I earn 10 dollars ____ hour as ____ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.(2003上海)

A. a ???an B the ???a C.an ???a D. an ???the

21.—Where is my blue shirt?

—It's in the washing machine. You have to wear ___ different one. （2003安徽）

A. any

B. the

C. a

D. other

22.There's ____dictionary on____ desk by your side. (2003春季)

A. a, the

B. a; a

C. the; a

D. the; the

23.Jumping out of ____airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____experience.(NMET 2002)

A. 不填; the

B. 不填;; an

C. an; an

D. the; the

24.The sign reads “in case of ____fire, break the glass and press _____red button.”

A. 不填; a

B. 不填; the

C. the; the

D. a; a (NMET2003)

25.—Who did you spend last weekend with? —_____. (1998上海)

A. Palmer’s

B. The Palmers’

C. The Palmers

D. The Palmer’s

26.The most important thing about cotton in history is ___part that it played in ___Industrial

Revolution. (2004重庆)

A. 不填; 不填

B. the; 不填;

C. the; the

D. a; the

27.When you come here for your holiday next time, don' t go to _______ hotel; I can find you _______

bed in my flat. (NMET2004)

A. the; a

B. the; 不填

C. a; the

D. a; 不填

28.—John, there is ______ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you. (NMET2004)

—I'm in ______ bath.

A. a; the

B. the; a

C. a; 不填

D. the; 不填

29.The Wilsons live in ____ A-shaped house near the coast. It is ____ 17th century cottage.

A. the , /

B. an, the

C. /, the

D. an, a (2004浙江)

30.On_____ news today, there were _____ reports of heavy snow in that area.

A. the; the

B. the; 不填

C. 不填; 不填

D. 不填; the (2004北京春)

31.When he left _____college, he got a job as ____reporter in a newspaper office.

A. 不填; a

B. 不填; the

C. a; the

D. the; the (2004天津)

32.It’s _____ world of wonders, ______ world where anything can happen.( 2004福建)

A. a; the

B. a; a

C. the; a

D. 不填; 不填

33.For a long time they walked without saying ____ word. Jim was the first to break____

silence.

A. the; a

B. a; the

C. a; 不填

D. the; 不填(2004湖南)

34.When you finish the book you’ll have______ better understanding of _____life.

A. a; the

B. the; a

C. 不填; the

D. a; 不填(2004辽宁)

35.Tom owns _____larger collection of ____ books than any other student in our class.

A. the; 不填

B. a; 不填

C. a; the

D. 不填; the (2004江苏)

36.While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ______ discovery which

completely changed ______ man’s understanding of colour. (2004广东)

A. a…不填

B. a…the

C. 不填…the

D. the…a

37.If you go by _________ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get

__________ fast one. （NMET2005-3）

A. the; the

B. 不填；a

C. the; a

D. 不填；不填

38.I can’t remember when exactly the Robinsons left ___city. I only remember it was ____Monday.

A. the; the

B. a; the

C. a; a

D. the; a (2005湖南）

39.After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ride to Capital Airport. (2005安徽)

A. the; a

B. a; the

C. 不填; a

D.不填; the

40.It is often said that ______ teachers have ______ very easy life. (北京2005)

A. 不填；不填

B. 不填；a

C. the ；不填

D. the；a

41.recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S. would be higher

than the number of English speakers by year 2090. (2005北京春季)

A. A; the

B. A;不填

C. The;不填

D. The; a

42.On May 5, 2005, at______ World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won

the gold medal in men's doubles with ________ score of 4: 1. (2005江苏)

A. a; a

B. 不填; the

C. a; 不填

D. the; a

43.This book tells ________ life story of John Smith, who left ______ school and worked for a

newspaper at the age of 16. (2005辽宁)

A．the; the B．a; the C．the; 不填D．a; 不填

44.I know ______ John Lennon, but not ______ famous one. (2005山东)

A. /; a

B. a; the

C. /; the

D. the; a

45.If you grow up in ______ large family, you are more likely to develop ______ ability to get on well

with ________others. (2005江西)

A．/; an; the B．a; the; / C．the; an; the D．a; the; the

46.Mrs. Taylor has _________ 8-year-old daughter who has _________ gift for painting—she has

won two national prizes. (2005浙江)

A．a; a B．an; the C．an; a D．the; a

第一单元生词：

gulf solo runner-up go-between

passer-by giraffe barracks bison louse crisis analysis formula bureau goose motto phenomenon motto memo cargo

proof halo bamboo kangaroo grotto buffalo reindeer spectacles compasses faculty poultry glassware scissors assets occupation