英语四六级阅读真题及问题详解
四级2002年12月Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characterstics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth talking a about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it c an be used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?Heroes are cantalysts(催化剂) for change. they have a vision from the mountain top. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated (隔离的) buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for large scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.11.Although heroes may come from different cultures, they _____________________.A) generally process certain inspiring characteristics B) probably share some weaknesses of ordinary peopleC) are often influenced by previous generations D) all unknowingly attract a large number of fans12.According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that _______ .A) they have a vision from the mountaintop B) they have a warm feelings and emotionsC) they can serve as concrete examples of noble principles D) theycan make people feel stronger and more confident13.Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because _________ .A) they are popular only among certain groups of people B) their performances do not improve their fans morallyC) their primary concern is their own financial interests D) they are not clear about the principles they should follow14.Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who ___________ .A) are good at demonstrating their charming characters B) can move the masses with their forceful speechesC) are capable of meeting all challenges and hardships D) can provide an answer to the problems of their people15.The author concludes that historical changes would ________ .A) be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualitiesB) not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrificesC) take place if there were heroes to lead the peopleD) produce leaders with attractive personalitiesPassage TwoQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students , today's traditional age college freshmen are "more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的)" than at any time in the 17 years of the poll.Not surprising in these hard times, the student's major objective "is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life." It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching, social service and the "altruistic" fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.That's no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemic al company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first yea r on the job-even before she completed her two year associate degree.While it's true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions- be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, onlyto drive their employer out of business. No company: no job. How shortsighted in the long run !But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the ac cumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense.I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机)："Miss Baxter ," he says, "could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?"From the long term point of view, that's what education really ought to be about.16.According to the author's observation, college students __________ .A) have never been so materialistic as today B) have never been so interested in the artsC) have never been so financially well off as today D) have never attached so much importance to moral sense17.The students' criteria for electing majors today have much to do with ________ .A) the influences of their instructors B) the financial goals they seek in lifeC) their own interpretations of the courses D) their understanding of the contributions of others18.By saying "While it's true that... be they scientific or artistic" (Lines 1-3, Para. 5),the author means that _____.A) business management should be included in educational programsB) human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speedC) human intellectual development has reached new heightsD) the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked19.Studying the diverse wisdom of others can ________ .A) create varying artistic interests B) help people see things in their right perspectiveC) help improve connections among people D) regulate the behavior of modern people20.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A) Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow minded.B) Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.C) People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.D) Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only. Passage ThreeQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. It's now a "global village" where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreignlanguage skills.Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often help support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being "out of sight and out of mind." He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company's plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United Sates where cross cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent (普遍的).Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn't generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.The employee posted abroad who speaks the country's principal language has an opportunity to fast forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax ma chine is an obvious asset to the firm.21.What is the author's attitude toward high-tech communications equipment ?A) Critical. B) Indifferent. C) Prejudiced. D) Positive.22.With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, business people __________.A) have to get familiar with modern technology B) are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operationsC) are attaching more importance to their overseas business D) are eager to work overseas23.In this passage, "out of sight and out of mind" (Lines 23, Para.3) probably means ________ .A) being unable to think properly for lack of insight B) being totally out of touch with business at homeC) missing opportunities for promotion when abroad D) leaving all care and worthy behind24.According to the passage, what is an important consideration ofinternational corporations in employing people today?A) Connections with business overseas. B) Ability to speak the client's language.C) Technical know how. D) Business experience.25.The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can _______ .A) better control the whole negotiation process B) easily find new approaches to meet market needsC) fast forward their proposals to headquarters D) easily make friends with businesspeople abroadPassage FourQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they've become wealthier and more wordly-wise. Foreign travel is a national passion; this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonald's and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to "Have a nice day" has caught on all over israel. "Nobody wakes up in the morning and say, 'Let's be nicer,'" says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. "Nothing happens without competition."Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies(垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls "the revengeful(报复的) consumer." When ghe government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, "People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service." The electric company, whose monopoly may be short lived, has suddenly stopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half hour. The graceless EI Al Airlines, which is already at auction(拍卖), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, "You can f eel the change in the air." For the first time, praise out numbers complaints on customer survey sheets.26.It may be inferred from the passage that _________ .A) customer service in Israel is now improvingB) wealthy Israeli customers are hard to pleaseC) the tourist industry has brought chain stores to IsraelD) Israel customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones27.In the author's view, higher service standards are impossible inIsrael ________ .A) if customer complaints go unnoticed by the management B) unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbersC) if there's no competition among companies D) without strict routine training of employees28.If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure, _________ .A) they can have it fixed in no time B) it's no longer necessary to make an appointmentC) the appointment takes only half a day to make D) they only have to wait half an hour at most29.The example of El Al Airlines shows that ______________ .A) revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprisesB) an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficultyC) a good slogan has great potential for improving serviceD) staff retraining is essential for better service30.Why did Bezaq's international brance lose 40% of its market share?A) Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.B) Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.C) Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.D) Because it no longer received any support from the government. 2003年12月Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.I’m usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today’s children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.Why are America’s kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation—brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other things—and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place.Given that we can’t turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope.At the top of the list is nurturing (培育) a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress.To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They willhave more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep.Limit the amount of virtual (虚拟的) violence your children are exposed to. It’s not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news.Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale.Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn’t have to ruin your life.21. The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people’s state of mind are ________.A) surprisingB) confusingC) illogicalD) questionable22. What does the author mean when he says, “we can’t turn the clock back” (Line 1, Para. 3)?A) It’s impossible to slow down the pace of change.B) The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.C) Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.D) It’s impossible to forget the past.23. According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago ________.A) were less isolated physicallyB) were probably less self-centeredC) probably suffered less from anxietyD) were considered less individualistic24. The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is ________.A) to provide them with a safer environmentB) to lower their expectations for themC) to get them more involved sociallyD) to set a good model for them to follow25. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A) Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.B) Children’s anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.C) Children’s anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.D) Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature. Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints (约束) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting theraise you feel you deserve are less if you don’t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth’s story:I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (小隔间) offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice” isn’t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you’ll probably have to ask for it.Performance is your best bargaining chip (筹码) when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want.Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market.What will someone else pay for your services?Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.26. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should ________.A) demonstrate his capabilityB) give his boss a good impressionC) ask for as much money as he canD) ask for the salary he hopes to get27. What can be inferred from Beth’s story?A) Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.B) If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.C) People should not be content with what they have got.D) People should be careful when negotiating for a job.28. We can learn from the passage that ________.A) unfairness exists in salary increasesB) most people are overworked and underpaidC) one should avoid overstating one’s performanceD) most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises29. To get a pay raise, a person should ________.A) advertise himself on the job marketB) persuade his boss to sign a long-term contractC) try to get inside information about the organizationD) do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions30. To be successful in negotiations, one must ________.A) meet his boss at the appropriate timeB) arrive at the negotiation table punctuallyC) be good at influencing the outcome of the interactionD) be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikesPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandma’s generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best.But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware (粗)-and-stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times.Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs—one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (瓷) region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend” toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television;Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it’s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real” dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time?Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette (礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents (“Chew with your mouth closed.”“Keep your elbows off the table.”) must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially.31. The trend toward casual dining has resulted in ________.A) bankruptcy of fine china manufacturersB) shrinking of the pottery industryC) restructuring of large enterprisesD) economic recession in Great Britain32. Which of the following may be the best reason for casual dining?A) Family members need more time to relax.B) Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.C) People want to practice economy in times of scarcity.D) Young people won’t follow the etiquette of the older generation.33. It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is ________.A) a retailer of stainless steel tablewareB) a dealer in stonewareC) a pottery chain storeD) a producer of fine china34. The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is ________.A) the increased value of the poundB) the economic recession in AsiaC) the change in people’s way of lifeD) the fierce competition at home and abroad35. Refined table manners, though less popular than before in current social life ________.A) are still a must on certain occasionsB) axe bound to return sooner or laterC) are still being taught by parents at homewww.D) can help improve personal relationshipsPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Some houses are designed to be smart. Others have smart designs. An example of the second type of house won an Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Architects.Located on the shore of Sullivan’s Island off the coast of South Carolina, the award-winning cube-shaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces by Hurricane (飓风) Hugo 10 years ago. In September 1989, Hugo struck South Carolina, killing 18 people and damaging or destroying 36,000 homes in the state.Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolina’s shoreline were poorly constructed, and enforcement of building codes wasn’t strict, according to architect Ray Huff, who created the cleverly-designed beach house. In Hugo’s wake, all new shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced codes. The new beach house on Sullivan’s Island should be able to withstand a Category 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per hour.At first sight, the house on Sullivan’s Island looks anything but hurricane-proof. Its redwood shell makes it resemble “a large party lantern (灯笼)” at night, according to one observer. But looks can bedeceiving. The house’s wooden frame is reinforced with long steel rods to give it extra strength.To further protect the house from hurricane damage, Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings—long, slender columns of wood anchored deep in the sand. Pilings might appear insecure, but they are strong enough to support the weight of the house. They also elevate the house above storm surges. The pilings allow the surges to run under the house instead of running into it. “These swells of water come ashore at tremendous speeds and cause most of the damage done to beach-front buildings,” said Huff.Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially concealed by the house’s ground-to-roof shell. “The shell masks the pilings so that the house doesn’t look like it’s standing with its pant legs pulled up,”said Huff. In the event of a storm surge, the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house, the architect explained.36. After the tragedy caused by Hurricane Hugo, new houses built along South Carolina’s shore line are required ________.A) to be easily reinforcedB) to look smarter in designC) to meet stricter building standardsD) to be designed in the shape of cubes37.The award-winning beach house is quite strong because ________.A) it is strengthened by steel rodsB) it is made of redwoodC) it is in the shape of a shellD) it is built with timber and concrete38. Huff raised the house 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings in order to ________.A) withstand peak winds of about 200 km/hrB) anchor stronger pilings deep in the sandC) break huge sea waves into smaller onesD) prevent water from rushing into the house39. The main function of the shell is ________.A) to strengthen the pilings of the houseB) to give the house a better appearanceC) to protect the wooden frame of the houseD) to slow down the speed of the swelling water40. It can be inferred from the passage that the shell should be ________.A) fancy-lookingB) waterproofC) easily breakableD) extremely strong2004年12月Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold orflu ( ~,~ ) may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu(流感), and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That's because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner aperson starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come.The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses - flu A, B and C. There is no cure for eitherillness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine ( ~-~ ), which is, for most people, the bestway to fight the flu, according to the ALA.But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have manysimilarities, there are some obvious signs to look for.Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms.The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However,children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome(综合症)，a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system.Reye syndrome .There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of Catching one.11. According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will helpA) shorten the duration of the illnessB) the patient buy medicine over the counterC) the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugsD) prevent people from catching colds and the flu12. We learn from the passage thatA) one doesn't need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the fluB) aspirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for。
2023年12月大学英语四级考试阅读理解答案解析
2023年12月大学英语四级考试阅读理解答案解析一、题型概述在大学英语四级考试中，阅读理解部分占有很大的比重，通常包括三篇阅读文章，共计20道题目。
本部分主要测试考生通过阅读获取信息的能力，包括词汇理解、长篇阅读和仔细阅读三个部分。
以下是对2023年12月四级考试阅读理解部分的答案解析。
二、文章概述1. 第一篇文章：讲述了一项关于人工智能在医疗领域应用的研究，主要讨论了人工智能在诊断疾病、辅助治疗等方面的优势与不足。
2. 第二篇文章：介绍了一项关于大学生创业心态的调查，分析了大学生创业意愿、创业动机以及创业过程中遇到的问题。
3. 第三篇文章：探讨了中国传统文化在现代社会中的传承与发展，重点分析了传统节日、民间艺术等方面。
三、答案解析1. 第一篇文章（1）第一段：介绍了研究背景和目的，指出人工智能在医疗领域的应用日益广泛。
答案：A。
问题：文章的主题是什么？解析：根据第一段内容，可知文章主题是关于人工智能在医疗领域应用的研究。
（2）第二段：讲述了人工智能在诊断疾病方面的优势。
答案：D。
问题：以下哪项是人工智能在医疗领域的优势？解析：根据第二段内容，可知人工智能在诊断疾病方面具有优势，故选D。
（3）第三段：讨论了人工智能在辅助治疗方面的作用。
答案：B。
问题：以下哪项是人工智能在医疗领域的不足？解析：根据第三段内容，可知人工智能在辅助治疗方面仍存在不足，故选B。
2. 第二篇文章（1）第一段：介绍了调查背景和目的，指出大学生创业心态的变化趋势。
答案：C。
问题：文章的主题是什么？解析：根据第一段内容，可知文章主题是关于大学生创业心态的调查。
（2）第二段：分析了大学生创业意愿的原因。
答案：A。
问题：以下哪项是大学生的创业动机？解析：根据第二段内容，可知大学生的创业动机包括个人兴趣、实现自我价值等，故选A。
（3）第三段：讨论了大学生创业过程中遇到的问题。
答案：D。
问题：以下哪项是大学生创业过程中遇到的问题？解析：根据第三段内容，可知大学生创业过程中遇到的问题包括资金不足、经验不足等，故选D。
【完整版】2024年12月英语四级真题及答案
【完整版】2024年12月英语四级真题及答案一、写作（15%）题目：Suppose you are planning a campus food festival. Write an email to invite your friend Li Ming to participate in the event. Please include the following information in your email:1. The purpose of the food festival;2. The activities and food available;3. Your expectation of Li Ming's participation.You should write about 100-120 words on the ANSWER SHEET 2.【参考答案】Dear Li Ming,I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to invite you to participate in our upcoming campus food festival, which will be held next week. The purpose of this event is toshowcase the diverse culinary cultures from different regions of our country and promote friendship among students.During the food festival, there will be a variety of activities and food available. You can taste delicious dishes from different provinces, such as Peking duck, hotpot, and dumplings. There will also be cooking demonstrations, where famous chefs will share their culinary skills with us. Moreover, students will have the opportunity toparticipate in a food trivia quiz and win exciting prizes.I would be thrilled if you could join us for this event. Your presence will make it even more enjoyable and memorable. Please let me know if you can make it.Looking forward to your reply.Best regards,[Your Name]二、听力理解（35%）Part I: Short Conversations (15%)【真题及答案】1. W: Do you think it's a good idea to study abroad?M: Well, I think it depends. Some people find it very beneficial, but others may feel homesick and struggle with the language barrier.【答案】D. It depends on the individual.2. M: I'm planning to buy a new car. Any recommendations?W: How about a hybrid car? It's fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly.【答案】C. A hybrid car.3. W: I heard you got a part-time job. How's it going?M: It's pretty good. I work at a coffee shop and I get to meet a lot of interesting people.【答案】B. At a coffee shop.4. M: I'm not sure if I should take this math class. It seems pretty difficult.W: I took it last semester and it was challenging, but it's worth it in the end.【答案】A. It's challenging but rewarding.5. W: I'm thinking of joining the campus drama club. What do you think?M: That's a great idea! It's a great way to meet new people and improve your acting skills.【答案】D. Joining the campus drama club.Part II: Long Conversations (10%)【真题及答案】Conversation OneW: Good morning, John. How was your trip to New York?M: It was wonderful! I visited the Empire State Building, Central Park, and the Statue of Liberty.W: That sounds amazing. Did you try anylocal food?M: Yes, I had some famous New York-style pizza and bagels. They were delicious!【答案】B. The Empire State Building.Conversation TwoM: Hi, Sarah. How's your new job going?W: It's going well. I'm working as a marketing assistant in a startup company.M: That's great! What are your main responsibilities?W: I mainly help with social media marketing and event planning. It's challenging but exciting.【答案】C. Marketing assistant.Part III: Short Passages (10%)【真题及答案】Passage OneIn recent years, the concept of work-life balance has gained increasing attention. Many people are striving to find a balance between their work and personal lives. Achieving work-life balance can lead to a healthier lifestyle, reduced stress, and increased productivity.【答案】A. The importance of work-life balance.Passage TwoThe Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate. It has made it easier to stay connected with friends and family, no matter where they are. Social media platforms like Facebook and WeChat have become an integral part of our daily lives.【答案】C. The impact of the Internet on communication.三、阅读理解（20%）【真题及答案】Passage OneIn the past few years, the sharing economy has gained popularity. People can now sharetheir homes, cars, and even clothes with others through online platforms. This has led to a more efficient use of resources and a reduction in waste.【答案】B. The sharing economy's benefits.Passage TwoThe development of artificial intelligence (AI) has raised concerns about the future of human jobs. Some people believe that AI will replace many jobs, while others argue that it will create new opportunities for employment.【答案】C. The impact of AI on human jobs.四、翻译（15%）【真题及答案】Translate the following paragraph from Chinese into English.近年来，中国的科技发展取得了举世瞩目的成就。
大学英语四六级 考试真题及参考答案
之1999年1月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案1999年1月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案一、单选题第1题：The Space Age ______ in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.A) initiated B) originated C) embarked D) commenced【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第2题：John said that he didn't quite _______ and asked me to repeat what I had said.A) snatch up B) summon up C) catch on D) watch out【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第3题：When he tried to make a ______ , he found that the hotel that he wanted was completely filled because of a convention.A) complaint B) claim C) reservation D) decision【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第4题：A budget of five dollars a day is totally _______ for a trip round Europe.A) inadequate B) incapable C) incompatible D) invalid【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第5题：In our highly technological society, the number of jobs for unskilled worker is ______. A) shrinking B) obscuring C) altering D) constraining【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第6题：The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to ______ the consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported.A) decrease B) subtract C) minimize D) degrade【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第7题：If the world is to remain peaceful the utmost effort must be made by nations to limitlocal _______ .A) collisions B) combats C) contradictions D) conflicts【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第8题：Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even when ______ in the middle of the Pacific, businessmen can contact their offices as if they were next door .A) gliding B) cruising C) piloting D) patrolling【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第9题：In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed ______ in Chicago and New York City. A) homogeneously B) simultaneously C) spontaneously D) harmoniously【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第10题：The court considers a financial ______ to be an appropriate way of punishing him.A) option B) duty C) obligation D) penalty【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第11题：I think that I committed a _______ in asking her because she seemed very ups et by my question.A) blunder B) revenge C) reproach D) scandal【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第12题：Even when textbooks are ______ through a school system, methods of teaching may vary greatly.A) commonplace B) standardized C) competitive D) generalized【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第13题：They have always regarded a man of ______ and fairness as a reliable friend .A) robustness B) temperament C) integrity D) compactness【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第14题：All individuals are required to ______ to the laws made by their governments.A) obey B) conform C) concede D) observe【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第15题：The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been _______ .A) identified B) guaranteed C) notified D) conveyed【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第16题：It is very strange but I had an ______ that the plane would crash.A) inspiration B) intuition C) imagination D) incentive【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第17题：The changing image of the family on television provides ______ into changing attitudes toward the family in society.A) insights B) presentations C) revelations D) specifications【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第18题：The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax ______ .A) efficiency B) revenues C) privileges D) validity【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第19题：Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who has become _______ at many survival skills.A) proficient B) persistent C) consistent D) sufficient【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第20题：The ties that bind us together in common activity are so ______ that they ca n disappear at any moment.A) trivial B) fatal C) tentative D) feeble【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第21题：During the construction of skyscrapers, cranes are used to ______ building materials to the upper floors.A) toss B) tow C) hoist D) hurl【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第22题：Diamonds have little ______ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.A) extinct B) permanent C) surplus D) intrinsic【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第23题：The kitchen was small and ______ so that the disabled could reach everything without difficulty.A) conventional B) compact C) compatible D) concise【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第24题：He will______ resign in view of the complete failure of the research project.A) doubtfully B) adequately C) presumably D) reasonably【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第25题：The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable ______ his financial situation.A) with respect to B) in accord with C) regardless of D) in terms of【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第26题：The original elections were declared ______ by the former military ruler.A) void B) vulgar C) surplus D) extravagant【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第27题：They stood gazing at the happy ______ of children playing in the park.A) perspective B) view C) landscape D) scene【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第28题：An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women's status in society will ______through the current law system in Japan.A) permeate B) probe C) violate D) grope【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第29题：When he realized he had been _______ to sign the contract by intrigue, he threatened tostart legal proceedings to cancel the agreement.A) elicited B) excited C) deduced D) induced【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第30题：These areas rely on agriculture almost ______ , having few mineral resources and a minimumof industrial development.A) respectively B) extraordinarily C) incredibly D) exclusively【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无二、阅读理解第31题：Many Americans harbour a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as grea t as some people believe. “the streets would be littered with people lying here and there. ”Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California , Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant's weight is made up of natural pesticides (杀虫剂). Says he :“Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare. ” And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strongcarcinogens-a substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms (磨菇) might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives(添加剂). Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University :“We've got fat worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made. ”Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day be cause of what they eat and drink.To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from field s to processing plants to kitchens.1.What does the author think of the Americans' view of their food?A) They overstate the government's interference with the food industry.B) They are overoptimistic about the safety of their food.C) They overestimate the hazards of their food.D) They overlook the risks of the food they eat.2.The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because .A) no food is free from pollution in the environment.B) pesticides are widely used in agriculture.C) many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals.D) almost all foods have additives.3.By s aying“they employ chemical warfare”(Line 4, Para. 2), Bruce Ames means “_______”.A) plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseases.B) plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growth.C) farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plants.D) farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases.4.The reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends on .A) the government. B) the consumer.C) the processor. D) the grower.5.What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage?A) Eating and drinking have become more hazardous than before.B) Immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processing.C) Health food is not a dream in modern society.D) There is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption.1小题>、【正确答案】：C2小题>、【正确答案】：C3小题>、【正确答案】：A4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第32题：There are some each phenomena you can count on, but the magnetic field, someday is not of them. It fluctuates in strength, drifts from its axis, and every few 100,000 years undergo, dramatic polarity reversal-a period when north pole becomes south pole and south pole becomes north pole. But how is the field generated, and why is it so unstable?Groundbreaking research by two French geophysicists promises to shed some light on the mystery. Using 80 metres of deep sea sediment(沉淀物)core, they have obtained measurments lots of magnetic-field intensity that span 11 polarity reversals and four million years. The analysis reveals that intensity appears to fluctuate with a clear, well-defined rhythm. Although the strength of the magnetic field varies irregularly during the short term, there seems to be an inevitable longterm decline preceding each polarity reversal. When the poles flip-a process that takes several hundred thousand years-the magnetic field rapidly regains its strength and the cycle is repeated. The results have caused a stir among geophysicists. The magnetic field is thought to originate from molten (熔化的) iron in the outer core, 3,000 kilometers beneath the earth's surface. By studying mineral grains found in material ranging from rocks to clay articles, previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back 170 million years, including the most recent switch 730, 000 years ago. How and why they occur, however, has been widely debated. Several theories link polarity flips to external disasters such as meteor(陨星)impacts. But Peter Olson, a geophysicist at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, says this is unlikely if the French researchers are right. In fact, Olson says intensity that predictably declines from one reversal to the next contradicts 90 percent of the models currently under study. If the results prove to be valid geophysicists will have a new theory to guide them in their quest to understand the earth's inner physics. It certainly points the direction for future research.1.Which of the following titles is most appropriate to the passage?A) Polarity Reversal: A Fantastic Phenomenon of Nature.B) Measurement of the Earth's Magnetic-Field Intensity.C) Formation of the Two Poles of the Earth.D) A New Approach to the Study or Geophysics.2.The word“flip”(Line 6, Para. 2)most probably means“______”.A) decline B) intensify C) fluctuate D) reverse3.What have the two French geophysicists discovered in their research?A) Some regularity in the changes of the earth's magnetic field.B) Some causes of the fluctuation of the earth's magnetic field.C) The origin of the earth's magnetic field.D) The frequency of polarity reversals.4.The French geophysicists' study is different from currently prevailing theories in ______ .A) its identification of the origin of the earth's magnetic field.B) the way the earth's magnetic intensity is measured.C) its explanation of the shift in the earth's polarity.D) the way the earth's fluctuation rhythm is defined.5.In Peter Oslo's opinion the French experiment ______ .A) is likely to direct further research in the inner physics of the earth.B) has successfully solved the mystery of polarity reversals.C) is certain to help predict external disasters.D) has caused great confusion among the world's geophysicists.1小题>、【正确答案】：D2小题>、【正确答案】：D3小题>、【正确答案】：A4小题>、【正确答案】：C5小题>、【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第33题：Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion-a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society's economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object's physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We al so use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are“good”and others are“bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.1.The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that_______ .A) they would not be able to tell the texture of objects.B) they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them.C) they would not be happy with a life without love.D) they would do things that hurt each other's feelings.2.According to the passage, people's learning activities are possible because they_______ .A) believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay alive.B) benefit from providing help and support to one another.C) enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thing.D) know what is vital to the progress of society.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependenton _______.A) the ability to make money.B) the will to work for pleasure.C) the capacity to enjoy incentives.D) the categorizations of our emotional experiences4.Emotions are significant for man's survival and adaptation because _______.A) they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects.B) they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained.C) they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements.D) they generate more love than hate among people.5.The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in thatthey_______ .A) help society exploit its members for profit.B) encourage us to perform important tasks.C) help to perfect the legal and penal system.D) help us adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us1小题>、【正确答案】：B2小题>、【正确答案】：C3小题>、【正确答案】：C4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第34题：The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be “all things to all people”. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. I n short, driven by careerism, “the nation's colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials(文凭)than in providing a quality education f or their students. ”The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an“integrated core”of common learning. Such a core would introduce students“to essential knowledge, to connections across the disci plines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus. ”Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed:“Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most. ” Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicated themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure (终身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculty say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that“There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications. ”1.When a college tries to be “all things to al people” (Lines 1-2, Para. 1) it aims to_______ .A) satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneously.B) focus on training students in various skills.C) encourage students to take as many courses as possible.D) make learning serve academic rather than productive ends.2.By saying that “in too many academic fields, the work has no context” (Lin es4-5, Pare. 1)the author means that the teaching in these areas ______ .A) ignores the actual situation.B) is not based on the right perspective.C) only focuses on an integrated core of common learning.D) gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students.3.One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that_______ .A) a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many colleges.B) students don't have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learn.C) skills are being taught as a means to an end.D) students are only interested in obtaining credentials.4.American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates because _______ .A) most of them lack high-quality faculties.B) the interests of most faculty members lie in research.C) there are not enough incentives for students to study hard.D) they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching .5.It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for _______ .A) putting academic work in the proper context.B) a commitment to students and effective teaching.C) the practice of putting leaning to productive ends.D) dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge.1小题>、【正确答案】：C2小题>、【正确答案】：B3小题>、【正确答案】：A4小题>、【正确答案】：D5小题>、【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无三、编辑加工题第35题：Many parents who welcome the idea of turning off the TV and spending more time with the family are still worried that without TV they would constantly be on call as entertainers for their children. They remember thinking up all sort of things to do when they were kids. But their own kids seem different, less resourceful, somehow. When there's nothing to do, these parents observe regretfully, their kids seem unable to come up with any thing to do besides turning on the TV. One father, for example, says. “Whe n I was a kid, we were always thinking up things to do, projects and games. We certainly never complained in an annoying way to our parents, ‘I have nothing to do!’”He compares this with his own children today: “They're simply lazy. If someone doesn't ente rtain them, they'll happily sit there watching TV all day. ”There is one word for this father's disappointment: unfair. It is as if he were disappointed in them for not reading Greek though they have never studied the language. He deplores(哀叹)his children's lack of inventiveness, as if the ability to play were something innate(天生的)that his children are mising . In fact, while the tendency to play is built into the human species, the actual ability to play-to imagine, to invent, to elaborate on reality in a playful way-and the ability to gain fulfillment from it, these are skills that have to learned and developed.Such disappointment, however, is not only unjust, it is also destructive. Sensing their parents' disappointment, children come to believe that they are, indeed, lacking something, and that this makes them less worthy of admiration and respect. Giving children the opportunity to develop new resources, to enlarge their horizons and discover the pleasures of doing things on their own is, on the other hand, a way to help children develop a confident feeling about themselves as capable and interesting people.Questions: (注意:答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分，每条横线限定一个英语单词，标点符号不占格。
大学英语四级长篇阅读专项强化真题试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级长篇阅读专项强化真题试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.Is it really OK to eat food that’s fallen on the floor?[A] When you drop a piece of food on the floor, is it really OK to eat if you pick it up within five seconds? An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a few seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won’ t have much of a chance to contaminate it. Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated, and we’ve done some work on this particular piece of wisdom.[B] While the “five-second rule” might not seem like the most pressing issue for food scientists to get to the bottom of, it’s still worth investigating food myths like this one because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.[C] So is five seconds on the floor the critical threshold (门槛) that separates a piece of eatable food from a case of food poisoning? It’s a bit more complicated than that. It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds and just how dirty the floor is.[D] Wondering if food is still OK to eat after it’s dropped on the floor is a pretty common experience. And it’s probably not a new one either. A well-known, but inaccurate, story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth. Some viewers of her cooking show, The French Chef, insist they saw Child drop lamb on the floor and pick it up, with the advice that if they were alone in the kitchen, their guests would never know.[E] In fact it was a potato pancake, and it fell on the stovetop, not on the floor. Child put it back in the pan, saying, “But you can always pick it up and if you’ re alone in the kitchen, who’s going to see it?” But the misremembered story persists. It’ s harder to pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five-second rule, but a 2003 study reported that 70% of women and 56% of men surveyed were familiar with the five-second rule and that women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor.[F] So what does science tell us about what a few moments on the floor means for the safety of your food? The earliest research report on the five-second rule is attributed to Jillian Clarke, a high school student participating in a research project at the University of Illinois. Clarke and her colleagues introduced bacteria to floor tiles (瓷砖) and then placed cookies on the tiles for varying times. They reported bacteria were transferred from the tiles to the cookies within five seconds, but didn’ t report the specific amount of bacteria that made it from the tiles to the food.[G] But how many bacteria actually transfer in five seconds? In 2007, my lab at Clemson University published a study in the Journal of Applied Microbiology. We wanted to know if the length of time food is in contact with a contaminated surface affected the rate of transfer of bacteria to the food. To find out, we introduced bacteria to squares of tile, carpet or wood. Five minutes after that, we placed either bacon or bread on the surface for 5, 30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the number of bacteria transferred to the food. We repeated this exact procedure after the bacteria had been on the surface for 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours.[H] We found that the number of bacteria transferredto either kind of food didn’ t depend much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface—whether for a few seconds or for a whole minute. The overall number of bacteria on the surface mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial introduction. It looks like what’ s at issue is less how long your food stays on the floor and much more how contaminated with bacteria that patch of floor happens to be.[I] We also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well. Carpets, for instance, seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile. When a carpet was contaminated, less than 1% of the bacteria were transferred. But when the food was in contact with tile or wood, 48% -70% of bacteria were.[J] Last year, a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters (参数) to our study and found similar results. They also reported that 87% of people asked either would eat or had eaten food fallen on the floor.[K] Should you eat food fallen on the floor then? From a food safety standpoint, if you have millions or more bacteria on a surface, 0. 1% is still enough to make you sick. Also, certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful, and it takes only a small number to make you sick. For example, 10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of bacteria can cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune systems. But the chance of these bacteria being on most surfaces is very low.[L] And it’ s not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination. Bacteria are carried by various “media”, which can include raw food, moist surfaces where bacteria have been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or sneezing (打喷嚏). Hands, foods and utensils (器皿) can carry individual bacteria living in communities contained within a protective film. These microscopic layers of deposits containing bacteria are known as biofilms and they are found on most surfaces and objects. Biofilm communities can harbor bacteria longer and are very difficult to clean. Bacteria in these communities also have an enhanced resistance to sanitizers (清洁剂) and antibiotics compared to bacteria living on their own.[M] So the next time you consider eating fallen food, the odds are in your favor that you can eat it without getting sick. But in the rare chance that there is a micro-organism that can make you sick on the exact spot where the food dropped, you can be fairly sure that the bug is on the food you are about to put in your mouth.[N] Research or common sense tells us that the best thing to do is keep your hands, utensils and other surfaces clean.1．A research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five seconds.正确答案：F解析：该段第二、三句提到，最早关于“5秒钟法则”的研究报告出自吉莉安-克拉克，在研究中克拉克和她的同伴将细菌引入瓷砖，然后将饼干放到地板上停留不同时长。
大学英语四级长篇阅读专项强化真题试卷6(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级长篇阅读专项强化真题试卷6(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.As Tourists Crowd Out Locals, Venice Faces “Endangered”List [A] On a recent fall morning, a large crowd blocked the steps at one of Venice’ s main tourist sites, the Rialto Bridge. The Rialto Bridge is one of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal. It is the oldest bridge across the canal, and was the dividing line between the districts of San Marco and San Polo. But on this day, there was a twist; it was filled with Venetians, not tourists. [B] “ People are cheering and holding their carts in the air,”says Giovanni Giorgio, who helped organize the march with a grass-roots organization called Generazione ‘90. The carts he refers to are small shopping carts—the symbol of a true Venetian. “ It started as a joke,” he says with a laugh. “The idea was to put blades on the wheels! You know? Like Ben Hur. Precisely like that, you just go around and run people down. “[C] Venice is one of the hottest tourist destinations in the world. But that’s a problem. Up to 90,000 tourists crowd its streets and canals every day—far outnumbering the 55,000 permanent residents. The tourist increase is one key reason the city’ s population is down from 175,000 in the 1950s. The outnumbered Venetians have been steadily fleeing. And those who stick around are tired of living in a place where they can’ t even get to the market without swimming through a sea of picture-snapping tourists. Imagine, navigating through 50,000 people while on the way to school or to work.[D] Laura Chigi, a grandmother at the march, says the local and national governments have failed to do anything about the crowds for decades, because they’re only interested in tourism—the primary industry in Venice, worth more than $3 billion in 2015. “Venice is a cash cow,” she says, “and everyone wants a piece. “[E] Just beyond St. Mark’s Square, a cruise ship passes, one of hundreds every year that appear over their medieval (中世纪的) surroundings. Their massive wake creats waves at the bottom of the sea, weakening the foundations of the centuries-old buildings themselves. “ Every time I see a cruise ship, I feel sad,” Chigi says. “You see the mud it drags; the destruction it leaves in its wake? That hurts the ancient wooden poles holding up the city underwater. One day we’ll see Venice break down. “[F] For a time, UNESCO, the cultural wing of the United Nations, seemed to agree. Two years ago, it put Italy on notice, saying the government was not protecting Venice. UNESCO considers the entire city a World Heritage Site, a great honor that means Venice, at the cultural level, belongs to all of the world’s people. In 2014, UNESCO gave Italy two years to manage Venice’s flourishing tourism or the city would be placed on another list—World Heritage In Danger, joining such sites as Aleppo and Palmyra, destroyed by the war in Syria. [G] Venice’ s deadline passed with barely a murmur (嘟哝) this summer, just as UNESCO was meeting in Istanbul. Only one representative, Jad Tabet from Lebanon, tried to raise the issue. “For several years, the situation of heritage in Venice has been worsening, and it has nowreached a dramatic situation,” Tabet told UNESCO. “We have to act quickly, there is not a moment to waste. “[H] But UNESCO didn’ t even hold a vote. “ It’ s been postponed until 2017 ,”says Anna Somers, the founder and CEO of The Art Newspaper and the former head of Venice in Peril, a group devoted to restoring Venetian art. She says the main reason the U.N. cultural organization didn’ t vote to declare Venice a World Heritage Site In Danger is because UNESCO has become “ intensely politicized. There would have been some back-room negotiations. “[I] Italy boasts more UNESCO World Heritage Sites than any other country in the world, granting it considerable power and influence within the organization. The former head of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, which oversees heritage sites, is Francesco Bandarin, a Venetian who now serves as UNESCO’s assistant director-general for culture. [J] Earlier this year, Italy signed an accord with UNESCO to establish a task force of police art detectives and archaeologists (考古学家) to protect cultural heritage from natural disasters and terror groups, such as ISIS. The accord underlined Italy’s global reputation as a good steward of art and culture. [K] But adding Venice to the UNESCO endangered list—which is dominated by sites in developing and conflict-ridden countries—would be an international embarrassment, and could even hurt Italy’ s profitable tourism industry. The Italian Culture Ministry says it is unaware of any government efforts to pressure UNESCO. As for the organization itself, it declined a request for an interview. [L] The city’ s current mayor, Luigi Brugnaro, has ridiculed UNESCO and told it to mind its own business, while continuing to support the cruise ship industry, which employs 5, 000 Venice residents. [M] As for Venetians, they’ re beyond frustrated and hoping for a solution soon. “ It’ s a nightmare for me. Some situations are really difficult with tourists around,”says Giorgio as he navigates around a swelling crowd at the Rialto Bridge. “There are just so many of them. They never know where they are going, and do not walk in an orderly manner. Navigating the streets can be exhausting. “[N] Then it hits him; This crowd isn’ t made up of tourists. They’re Venetians. Giorgio says he’s never experienced the Rialto Bridge this way in all his 22 years. “ For once, we are the ones who are blocking the traffic,” he says delightedly. “ It feels unreal. It feels like we’ re some form of endangered species. It’ s just nice. The feeling is just pure. “But, he worries, if tourism isn’t managed and his fellow locals continue to move to the mainland, his generation might be the last who can call themselves native Venetians.1．The passing cruise ships will undermine the foundations of the ancient buildings in Venice.正确答案：E解析：该段前两句提到，在圣马可广场旁，一艘游轮经过，每年都会有数百艘像这样的游轮出现在这种中世纪环境中。
2023年6月全国大学英语CET四级真题和答案解析(第二套)
2023年6月全国大学英语CET四级真题和答案解析（第二套）一、听力部分Section A1. 答案：B解析：根据对话，可以得知购物者向售货员咨询特价食品的价格。
2. 答案：C解析：女士询问男士是否去过广州，男士回答他正在那里工作。
3. 答案：A解析：对话中，男士提到他计划去参观一个建筑展览，女士则建议他去参观科技博物馆。
Section B4. 答案：A解析：女士在婚礼上生病，男士主动提出帮忙送晚礼服。
5. 答案：B解析：女士正在找工作，男士就女士关于工作的问题给出建议。
6. 答案：C解析：对话中，男士询问女士是否对比赛感到紧张，女士回答说她很兴奋。
Section C7. 答案：B解析：讲座中提到，人们使用社交媒体来建立和维护社交关系。
8. 答案：A解析：讲座中提到，过多地依赖社交媒体可能导致孤立和焦虑。
9. 答案：C解析：讲座中的例子表明，人们可能会在社交媒体上展示过度的积极情绪或幸福生活。
Section D10. 答案：D解析：广告说明了新产品的特点和价格，最后提到消费者可以在网上购买。
11. 答案：A解析：广告中提到，购买新产品的消费者可以获得额外的现金返还。
12. 答案：B解析：广告提到消费者可以在购买新产品时享受特别优惠价。
二、阅读部分Passage 113. 答案：C解析：根据文章第一段，大量研究表明，阅读对个人的心理健康有益。
14. 答案：A解析：根据文章第二段，阅读可以帮助人们减轻压力和放松大脑。
15. 答案：B解析：根据文章第四段，阅读可以帮助人们学习新的事物和扩展知识。
Passage 216. 答案：C解析：根据文章第一段，当地政府已经发起了一项计划，将现有的溪流修复为自然生态景观。
17. 答案：A解析：根据文章第二段，溪流的修复不仅可以改善水质，还能提供更多的自然资源。
18. 答案：D解析：根据文章最后一段，修复的溪流有望吸引更多的游客，促进当地经济发展。
Passage 319. 答案：B解析：根据文章第一段，数字支付正在变得越来越普遍，并在全球范围内快速增长。
大学英语四级阅读训练试题附答案解析40篇(2)
大学英语四级阅读训练试题附答案解析40篇(2)There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individualthe sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individuals intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been tocollege. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Marks I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.1.This selection can best be titled_________.a.Measuring Your Intelligenceb.Intelligence and Environmentc.The Case of Peter and Markd.How the brain Influences Intelligence2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.a.human brains differ considerablyb.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligencec.environment is crucial in determining a persons intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly thesame intelligence3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.a.85b.100c.110d.1254.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelb.an individuals intelligence is determined only by his enviromentck of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenced.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain5.This passage suggests that an individual s I.Q.______.a.can be predicted at birthThere are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he hasopportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individualthe sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individuals intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Marks I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.b.stays the same throuthout his lifec.can be increased by educationd.is determined by his childhood 答案：bcbcc。
2023年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(三套)
2023年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(三套)前言2023年6月的大学生英语四级考试即将到来，为了帮助广大考生更好地备战，本文提供了三套2023年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案。
希望本文可以对考生们的备考提供一定的帮助。
试卷一第一部分：听力理解(共25小题)听力理解部分包含了五个听力材料，每个材料后面有五个问题。
请考生根据所听到的内容选择正确的答案。
第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题)阅读理解部分包含了四篇文章，每篇文章后面有五个问题。
请考生根据文章内容选择正确的答案。
第三部分：完型填空(共15小题)完型填空部分包含了一篇短文，短文中有15个空格。
请考生根据上下文选择合适的词语填入空格处。
辨析词义部分包含了10个句子，每个句子中都有一个加下划线的单词，考生需要根据句子的上下文选择最合适的词义。
第五部分：写作(共两个任务)写作部分包含了两个任务，第一个任务是写一篇关于城市交通问题的短文，第二个任务是根据一幅图画写一篇短文。
试卷二第一部分：听力理解(共25小题)…试卷三第一部分：听力理解(共25小题)…第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题)……第四部分：辨析词义(共10小题)…第五部分：写作(共两个任务)…答案及解析试卷一答案及解析听力理解1.B2.C3.A4.B5. C …阅读理解1.A2.D3.B4.C5. A …完型填空1.C2.A3.B4.D5. C …辨析词义1.B2.A3.C4.D5. B …写作任务一：城市交通问题的短文 (此处省略正文)任务二：根据一幅图画写一篇短文 (此处省略正文)试卷二答案及解析…试卷三答案及解析…注意：本文只是提供了试卷的框架和部分内容，实际的试卷内容和答案需要参考真实的2023年6月大学生英语四级考试。
希望本文可以帮助考生们更好地备考，祝大家顺利通过考试！。
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷18(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷18(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us. Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV(or a similar distraction)can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption. A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people’s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they’d seen in front of them —in other words, how much they remembered eating. This disparity(差异)suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol. “Hunger isn’t controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal,”Brunstrom says. “This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought.”These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance)people who drank the same 380-calorie(卡路里)milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones(荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they’d consumed a higher-calorie shake. What docs this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating. The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.1．What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?A．How we perceive the food we eat.B．What ingredients the food contains.C．When we eat our meals.D．How fast we eat our meals.正确答案：A解析：事实细节题。
大学英语四六级-考试真题及参考答案
之2003年12月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案2003年12月英语六级考试真题及答案一、单项选择题第1题：I have had my eyes tested and the report says that my _______ is perfect.A) outlook C) horizonB) vision D) perspective【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第2题：He was looking admiringly at the photograph published by Collins in _______ with the Imperial Museum.A) collection C) collaborationB) connection D) combination【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第3题：In those days, executives expected to spend most of their lives in the same firm and, unless they were dismissed for _______, to retire at the age of 65.A) integrity C) incompetenceB) denial D) deduction【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第4题：Others viewed the findings with _______, noting that a. cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remains to be shown.A) optimism C) cautionB) passion D) deliberation【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第5题：The 1986 Challenger space-shuttle _______ was caused by unusually low temperatures immediately before the launch.A) expedition C) dismayB) controversy D) disaster【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第6题：When supply exceeds demand for any product, prices are _______ to fall.A) timely C) subjectB) simultaneous D) liable【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第7题：The music aroused an _______ feeling of homesickness in him.A) intentional C) intenseB) intermittent D) intrinsic【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第8题：I bought an alarm clock with a(n) _______ dial, which can be seen clearly in the dark.A) supersonic C) audibleB) luminous D) amplified【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第9题：The results are hardly _______; he cannot believe they are accurate.A) credible C) criticalB) contrary D) crucial【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第10题：This new laser printer is _______ with all leading software.A) comparable C) compatibleB) competitive D) cooperative【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第11题：The ball _______ two or three times before rolling down the slope.A) swayed C) hoppedB) bounced D) darted【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第12题：He raised his eyebrows and stuck his head forward and _______ it in a single nod, a gesture boys .used then for O.K. when they were pleased.A) shrugged C) jerkedB) tugged D) twisted【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第13题：Many types of rock are _______ from volcanoes as solid, fragmentary material.A) flung C) ejectedB) propelled D) injected【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第14题：With prices _______ so much, it is difficult for the school to plan a budget.A) vibrating C) flutteringB) fluctuating D) swinging【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第15题：The person who _______ this type of approach for doing research deserves our praise.A) originated C) generatedB) speculated D) manufactured【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第16题：_______ that the demand for power continues to rise at the current rate, it will not be long before traditional sources become inadequate.A) Concerning C) AssumingB) Ascertaining D) Regarding【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第17题：Her jewelry _______ under the spotlights and she became the dominant figure at the ball.A) glared C) blazedB) glittered D) dazzled【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第18题：Connie was told that if she worked too hard, her health would _______.A) deteriorate C) descendB) degrade D) decay【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第19题：We find that some birds _______ twice a year between hot and cold countries.A) transfer C) migrateB) commute D) emigrate【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第20题：As visiting scholars, they willingly _______ to the customs of the country they live in.A) submit C) subjectB) conform D) commit【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第21题：More than 85 percent of French Canada’s population speaks French as a mother tongue and _______ to the Roman Catholic faith.A) caters C) ascribesB) adheres D) subscribes【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第22题：The professor found himself constantly _______ the question: “How could anyone do these things?A) presiding C) ponderingB) poring D) presuming【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第23题：Weeks _______ before anyone was arrested in connection with the bank robbery.A) terminated C) overlappedB) elapsed D) expired【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第24题：In order to prevent stress from being set up in the metal, expansion joints are fitted which _______ the stress by allowing the pipe to expand or contract freely.A) relieve C) reclaimB) reconcile D) rectify【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第25题：How much of your country’s electrical supply is _______ from water power?A) deduced C) derivedB) detached D) declined【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第26题：She had recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of the company’s client data, which she intended to _______ in starting her own business.A) dwell on C) base onB) come upon D) draw upon【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第27题：The glass vessels should be handled most carefully since they are _______.A) intricate C) subtleB) fragile D) crisp【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第28题：Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way for crops, but this only _______ the crisis.A) accelerates C) ascendsB) prevails D) precedes【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第29题：He blew out the candle and _______ his way to the door.A) converged C) stroveB) groped D) wrenched【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第30题：Often such arguments have the effect of _______ rather than clarifying the issues involved.A) obscuring C) tacklingB) prejudicing D) blocking【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无二、阅读理解第31题：Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world’s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration).The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed (贪婪) on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day.“If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,” said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or so, when someone says, ‘Should I attempt to get an MBA,’ the answer a lot more is: It depends.”The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders.The article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing” and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they don’t understand politics and people, and they aren’t able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, they’re out looking for other jobs.”The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura(光环) of future fiches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by a backlash (反冲) against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the women’s movement.Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “They don’t get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business,” said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Per-fin management consulting firm.1. According to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses dominated by purer disciplines?A) Scornful C) Envious.B) Appreciative. D) Realistic.2. It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees has been fueled mainly by ______.A) the complaints from various employersB) the success of many non-MBAsC) the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplinesD) the poor performance of MBAs at work3. What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to The Harvard Business Review?A) They are usually serf-centered.B) They are aggressive and greedy.C) They keep complaining about their jobs.D) They are not good at dealing with people.4. From the passage we know that most MBAs _______.A) can climb the corporate ladder fairly quicklyB) quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesC) receive salaries that do not match their professional trainingD) cherish unrealistic expectations about their future5. What is the passage mainly about?A) Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs.B) The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.C) Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.D) A debate held recently on university campuses.1小题>、【正确答案】：A2小题>、【正确答案】：B3小题>、【正确答案】：D4小题>、【正确答案】：D5小题>、【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第32题：German Chancellor (首相) Otto V on Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy (遗产) includes many of today’s social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian compassion (怜悯) for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world’s first workers’ compensation law in 1884.By 1908, the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers’ compensation insurance. America’s injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace. The first state workers’ compensation la w in this country passed in 1911, and the program soon spread throughout the nation.After World War II, benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers’ compensation. Two years later, the commission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states’ average weekly wages.In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states’ average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more money floating in the workers’ compensation system, it’s not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.1. The world’s first workers’ compensation law was introduced by Bismarck _______.A) to make industrial production saferB) to speed up the pace of industrializationC) out of religious and political considerationsD) for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movement2. We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe _______.A) Was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidentsB) resulted in the development of popular social insurance programsC) required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplaceD) met growing resistance from laborers working at machines3. One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting compensation in the early 19th century was that ______.A) they had to have the courage to sue for damages in a court of lawB) different sums in the U.S. had totally different compensation programsC) America’s average compensation benefit was much lower than the cost of livingD) they had to produce evidence that their employers were responsible for the accident4. After 1972 workers’ compensation insurance in the U.S. became more favorable to wor kers so that _______.A) the poverty level for a family of four went up drasticallyB) there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claimsC) the number of workers suing for damages increasedD) more money was allocated to their compensation system5. The author ends the passage with the implication that ______.A) compensation benefits in America are soaring to new heightsB) the workers are not the only ones to benefit from the compensation systemC) people from all walks of life can benefit from the compensation systemD) money floating in the compensation system is a huge drain on the U.S. economy1小题>、【正确答案】：C2小题>、【正确答案】：A3小题>、【正确答案】：D4小题>、【正确答案】：C5小题>、【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第33题：When school officials in Kalkaska, Michigan, closed classes last week, the media flocked to the story, portraying the town’s 2,305 students as victims of stingy (吝啬的) taxpayers. There is some truth to that; the property-tax rate here is one-third lower than the state average. But shutting their schools also all owed Kalkaska’s educators and the state’s largest teachers’ union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point. Their aim was to spur passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state’s share of school funding.It was no coincidence that Kalkaska shut its schools two weeks after residents rejected a 28 percent property-tax increase. The school board argued that without the increase it lacked the $1.5 million needed to keep schools open.But the school system had not done all it could to keep the schools open. Officials declined to borrow against next ear’s state aid, they refused to trim extracurricular activities and they did not consider seeking a smaller-perhaps more acceptable-tax increase. In fact, closing early is costing Kalkaska a significant amount, including $600,000 in unemployment payments to teachers and staff and $250,000 in lost state aid. In February, the school system promised teachers and staff two months of retirement payments in case schools closed early, a deal that will cost the district $275,000 more.Other signs suggest school authorities were at least as eager to make a political statement as to keep schools open. The Michigan Education Association hired a public relations firm to stage a rally marking the school closings, which attracted 14 local and national television stations and networks. The president of the National Education Association, the MEA’s parent organization, flew from Washington, D. C., for the event. And the union tutored school officials in the art of television interviews. School supervisor Doyle Disbrow acknowledges the district could have kept schools open by cutting programs but denies the moves were politically motivated.Michigan lawmakers have reacted angrily to the closings. The state Senate has already voted to put the system into receivership (破产管理) and reopen schools immediately; the Michigan House plans to consider the bill this week.1. We learn from the passage that schools in Kalkaska, Michigan, are funded ______.A) by both the local and state governmentsB) exclusively by the local governmentC) mainly by the state governmentD) by the National Education Association2. One of the pumoses for which school officials closed classes was _______.A) to avoid paying retirement benefits to teachers and staffB) to draw the attention of local taxpayers to political issuesC) to make the financial difficulties of their teachers and staff known to the publicD) to pressure Michigan lawmakers into increasing state funds for local schools3. The author seems to disapprove of _______.A) the Michigan lawmakers’ endless debatingB) the shutting of schools in KalkaskaC) the involvement of the mass mediaD) delaying the passage of the school funding legislation4. We learn from the passage that school authorities in Kalkaska are more concerned about _______.A) a raise in the property-tax rate in MichiganB) reopening the schools there immediatelyC) the attitude of the MEA’s parent organizationD) making a political issue of the closing of the schools5. According to the passage, the closing of the schools developed into a crisis because of ______.A) the complexity of the problemB) the political motives on the part of the educatorsC) the weak response of the state officialsD) the strong protest on the part of the students’ parents1小题>、【正确答案】：A2小题>、【正确答案】：D3小题>、【正确答案】：B4小题>、【正确答案】：D5小题>、【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第34题：Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War 12, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, “Our enormously productive economy ... demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption. ... We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate.”Americans have responded to Lebow’s call, and much of the world has followed. Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world’s two largest economies-Japan and the United Sates -- show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.Overconsumption by the world’s fortunate is an envi ronmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow-that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.Of course, the opposite of overconsumption-poverty-is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dirpossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?3. Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?A) Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.B) Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.C) Because overconsumption won’t last long due to unrestricted population growth.D) Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.4. According to the passage, consumerist culture ________.A) cannot thrive on a fragile economyB) will not aggravate environmental problemsC) cannot satisfy human spiritual needsD) will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countries5 It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A) human spiritual needs should match material affluenceB) there is never an end to satisfying people’s material needsC) whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issueD) how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problem1小题>、【正确答案】：D2小题>、【正确答案】：D3小题>、【正确答案】：B4小题>、【正确答案】：C5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无三、完型填空第35题：When women do become managers, do they ring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly motivated and __1__ than male managers?Some research __2__ the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater __3__, an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a __4__ to bring emotional factors to bear __5__ making workplace decisions. These differences are __6_ to carry advantages for companies, __7__ they expand the range of techniques that can be used to __8__ the company manage its workforce __9__.A stud y commissioned by the International Women’s Forum __10__ a management style used by some women managers (and also by some men) that __11__ from the command-and-control style __12__ used by male managers. Using this “interactive leadership” approach, “women__13__ participation, share power and information, __14__ other people’s self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these __15__ reflect their belief that allowing __16__ to contribute and to feel __17__ and important is a win-win __18__-good for the employees and the organization.” The study’s director __19__ that “interactive leadership may emerge __20__ the management style of choice for many organizations.”1. A) confronted B) commanded C) confined D) committed2. A) supports B) argues C) opposes D) despises3. A) combination B) cooperativeness C) coherence D) correlation4. A) willingness B) loyalty C) sensitivity D) virtue5. A) by B) in C) at D) with6. A) disclosed B) watched C) revised D) seen7. A) therefore B) whereas C) because D) nonetheless8. A) help B) enable C) support D) direct9. A) evidently B) precisely C) aggressively D) effectively10. A) developed B) invented C) discovered D) located11. A) derives B) differs C) descends D) detaches12. A) inherently B) traditionally C) conditionally D) occasionally13. A) encourage B) dismiss C) disapprove D) engage14. A) enhance B) enlarge C) ignore D) degrade15. A) themes B) subjects C) researches D) things16. A) managers B) women C) employees D) males17. A) faithful B) powerful C) skillful D) thoughtful18. A) situation B) status C) circumstance D) position19. A) predicted B) proclaimed C) defied D) diagnosed20. A) into B) from C) as D) for1小题>、【正确答案】：B2小题>、【正确答案】：A3小题>、【正确答案】：B4小题>、【正确答案】：A5小题>、【正确答案】：B6小题>、【正确答案】：D7小题>、【正确答案】：C8小题>、【正确答案】：A9小题>、【正确答案】：D10小题>、【正确答案】：C11小题>、【正确答案】：B12小题>、【正确答案】：B13小题>、【正确答案】：A14小题>、【正确答案】：A15小题>、【正确答案】：D16小题>、【正确答案】：C17小题>、【正确答案】：B18小题>、【正确答案】：A19小题>、【正确答案】：A20小题>、【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无。