Mapping the CMB II the second flight of the QMAP experiment

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南开大学《星海求知：天文学的奥秘（尔雅）》在线作业05

《星海求知：天文学的奥秘（尔雅）》在线作业
下列哪个对象在宇宙中的占比最大?( )
A:暗物质
B:可见物质
C:暗能量
D:星系
参考选项：C
关于球状星团,下列说法错误的是( )。

A:整体是规则的球形
B:由上万至几百万的星体组成
C:由演化至晚期的恒星聚集而成
D:尺度为200—300Ly
参考选项：D
超新星爆发时,其亮度变化会超过( )个星等以上。

A:10
B:15
C:20
D:25
参考选项：C
白矮星的密度是水的()倍。

A:10
B:1000
C:1000000
D:10的15次方
参考选项：C
根据拉普拉斯的数学模型,成为黑洞的天体的性质不包括()。

A:密度与地球相等
B:质量是太阳的250倍
C:直径是太阳的250倍
D:逃逸速度等于光速
参考选项：B
天文单位指的是()与太阳的平均距离。

A:地球
B:月球
C:水星
D:冥王星
参考选项：A
1。

新视野号飞船启程探访冥王星和柯伊伯带

新视野号飞船启程探访冥王星和柯伊伯带
胡中为
【期刊名称】《科学（上海）》
【年(卷),期】2006(058)002
【摘要】新视野号飞船（New Horizon Spacecraft，也译作新地平线号飞船）于2006年1月19日在美国佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角肯尼迪航天中心发射升空，预计2015年7月飞近冥王星探访，接着对柯伊伯带天体（Kuiper belt object，KBO）进行历时五年的探访。

由于这些天体离地球很遥远，即使要发现它们都很困难，因此至今对它们仍不很了解。

新视野号飞船远航开拓太空探测的新前沿，将揭示太阳系深空天体的秘密，有助于了解太阳系的形成和演化。

【总页数】4页(P6-9)
【作者】胡中为
【作者单位】南京大学天文系
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】P185
【相关文献】
1.冥王星的未解之谜--"新地平线"号飞船将如何揭开这些谜团 [J], 袁崇焕
2."新地平线"号飞船启程目标:冥王星、柯伊伯带和太阳系边缘的未知天体 [J], 张起燕
3.“新视野号”探测冥王星及柯伊伯带综述 [J], 郑永春;胡国平;
4.“新视野号”探测冥王星及柯伊伯带综述 [J], 郑永春;胡国平
5.《时代》评2015十大太空时刻——新视野号飞船飞掠冥王星 [J],
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

土卫二

地下热源
由此，科学家们对土卫二地下存在持续热源的假说展开了研究。在会议上，有关专家提出了自己的看法:土卫二内部的放射性物质衰变就是持续热能来源。
美国航空和航天局“卡西尼”项目主要研究人员之一丹尼斯·马特森说，土卫二形成之初是个冰块和岩石混合体其中岩石部分含有两种放射物同位素。45亿年来，放射性衰变不断，散发大量热能，逐渐造就了土卫二岩质核心外包冰层的结构。直到今天，土卫二内部的放射性衰变也没有停止，内核产生的热能又进一步融化着土卫二的中心部分，
从土卫二喷射而出的水冰射流看似从土星明亮一侧掠过。这张照片是由美宇航局“卡西尼”号飞船拍摄的。实际上，土卫二的运行轨道距土星大气顶端大约11.2万英里(约合18万公里)。土卫二的冰冷间歇泉发现于2005年，它们位于这颗星球南半球的断裂带，据认为其喷射动力源于地表下的液态水层。
冰火山
土卫二冰火山的一种可能模型在80年代初期旅行者号对土卫二进行了观测之后，科学家们基于以下理由认为该星体可能存在着地质活动：年轻的、具有高反射度的表面和其处于E环核心区的位置。土卫二和E环的使科学家猜想认为土卫二正是E环上散布的物质的来源——即从土卫二内部喷射出的水蒸气最终构成了E环。不过，旅行者号的观测结果未能提供确凿证据证明土卫二现今仍处于活跃状态。不过之后的卡西尼号上承载了多种仪器，通过这些仪器的观测，科学家最终发现了土卫二上存在着喷发水和其他易挥发物质、而非硅酸盐石块的冰火山。2005 年1月和2月，卡西尼号上的成像科学子系统（ISS）首次观测到土卫二南极地区喷发出的由细小冰晶构成的羽状物。在2005年2月17日的飞掠中，磁力计观测到的关于土卫二大气的数据也证明之前成像科学子系统所观测到的现象是真实的——该数据显示当时土卫二附近的离子回旋波的能量有所增强。离子回旋波是离子和磁场相互作用的产物，通过测定离子回旋波的频率可以确定物质的构成——经过测定，这种物质是经过电离的水蒸气。在其后的两次飞掠中，磁力计发现土卫二大气中的气体大部分都集中于南极地区，其他地区的大气浓度则相对十分稀薄。在2月17日和7月14日的飞掠中，紫外线摄谱仪（UVIS）观测到两例掩星现象。在2月的飞掠中，紫外线摄谱仪未能找到土卫二赤道地区存在大气的证据，但在7月飞掠观测掩星现象的过程中探测到了水蒸气的存在。

高一宇宙探索英语阅读理解30题

高一宇宙探索英语阅读理解30题1<背景文章>The solar system is a fascinating place. It consists of the sun, eight planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and other celestial bodies. The sun is at the center of the solar system and is a massive ball of hot gas. It provides light and heat to all the planets.The eight planets in the solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Each planet has its own unique characteristics. Mercury is the closest planet to the sun and is very hot during the day and very cold at night. Venus is known as the Earth's sister planet because it is similar in size and composition. However, it has a thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide, which makes it very hot.Earth is the only planet known to support life. It has a moderate climate and a large amount of water. Mars is often called the Red Planet because of its reddish color. It has a thin atmosphere and evidence of past water.Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. It has a thick atmosphere of hydrogen and helium and many moons. Saturn is known for its beautiful rings. Uranus and Neptune are ice giants and have very cold temperatures.The planets in the solar system are in different positions. They orbit the sun in elliptical paths. The distance between the planets and the sun varies, which affects their temperatures and climates.1. The sun is at the center of the solar system and is a massive ball of ___.A. waterB. gasC. rockD. ice答案：B。

星系

旋涡星系的3个次型
按照核球的大小和旋臂的缠卷程度，旋涡星系又分为Sa, Sb, Sc三个次型。Sa型核球最大，旋臂缠卷最紧；Sc型核球最小，旋臂缠卷最松
2.3 棒旋星系 Barred spiral galaxies
中心有棒状结构的旋涡星系，符号为SB 旋臂源于棒的两端
银河系很可能是一个 SBb 或 SBc 型星系
星系的速度弥散—光度经验关系
星系质量越大 → 星系转动或恒星、气体运动速度越快 → 速度弥散越大 → 谱线越宽
星系质量越大 → 光度越高
谱线宽度光度
旋涡星系：塔利-费舍尔（Tully-Fisher）关系
旋涡星系的速度弥散可由光学谱或射电望远镜测得。例如H原子21 厘米谱线宽度速度弥散光度距离 ~ 200 Mpc 的距离
介于椭圆星系和旋涡星系之间的、无旋臂的盘星系。在形态上，透镜状星系与旋涡星系的主要差别是没有旋臂；与椭圆星系的主要差别是有星系盘根据核心是否有棒状结构，符号相应为S0或SB0。主要由年老恒星组成，气体很少
2.5 不规则星系 Irregular galaxies
外型或结构没有明显对称性的星系，符号为 Irr 无旋臂和中心核区。富含星际气体、尘埃和年轻恒星
• 星系群 (group of galaxies) • 星系团 (cluster of galaxies)
星系群与星系团又组成为超星系团 (supercluster of galaxies)
4.1 本星系群The Local Group (of Galaxies)
银河系所处的星系群，大小约1.2Mpc 由银河系、仙女星系（M 31）等附近至少40个星系组成。包含3个旋涡星系（银河系、 M31、M33），4个不规则星系（大、小麦哲伦云等）， 20多个矮椭圆星系银河系和仙女星系是本星系群中质量最大的两个星系，分别位于本星系群的两端，在引力作用下分别带领周围质量较小的星系相互绕转

2020-2021学年高一新教材地理人教版必修第一册学案：第2章

第二章地球上的大气第一节大气的组成和垂直分层【热点链接】天宫二号运行在近地点约190千米、远地点约370千米的椭圆轨道，在轨状态正常、运行平稳。

2019年7月19日，天宫二号空间实验室受控离轨并再入大气层，少量残骸落入南太平洋预定安全海域。

天宫二号受控再入大气层，标志着中国载人航天工程空间实验室阶段全部任务圆满完成。

航天领域的大气层上界与地理上的大气层上界有何关系？提示航天领域的大气上界高度低于地理上的大气层上界高度。

国际航空联合会给出的太空和内层大气空间的高度约为100千米，这也就是著名的卡门线。

课程标准学业质量标准核心素养定位运用图表等资料，说明大气的组成和垂直分层，及其与生产生活的联系。

水平1：根据图表资料，说出大气的组成和垂直分层。

水平2：根据地理资料，说明大气成分的作用，大气垂直分层的划分依据及高度。

水平3：根据地理资料，分析人类活动对大气成分的影响，大气垂直分层的特点及与人类活动的关系。

水平4：通过图表资料，探讨大气成分的时空分布，对流层高度的时空分布。

人地协调观：通过探讨大气的组成和垂直分层与人类活动的关系，树立保护环境的观念。

综合思维：说明大气垂直分层的特点，分析地理环境对大气成分和对流层高度的影响。

区域认知：分析大气成分的地区差异，分析对流层高度的地区差异。

地理实践力：观察天气现象，体验大气组成对天气变化的影响。

一大气的组成1.大气的组成2．人类活动对大气组成的影响人类活动排放的污染物进入大气，会影响大气的成分和含量，产生大气污染。

1.判断正误。

(1)干洁空气以氧气为主。

(×)(2)臭氧因吸收太阳光中的红外线而被称为“地球生命的保护伞”。

(×)2．对地面具有保温作用的大气成分是()A．二氧化碳B．氧气C．氮气D．杂质答案A解析二氧化碳对地面具有保温作用。

3．举例说明人类对大气成分的影响。

提示燃烧煤炭等矿物燃料、破坏森林使二氧化碳含量增多；使用空调等制冷设备使臭氧减少。

开普勒-22b：首颗被证实的“地球二号”

开普勒-22b：首颗被证实的“地球二号”
丁晖
【期刊名称】《课堂内外（高中版）》
【年(卷),期】2012(000)002
【摘要】2012年来了,并不是世界末日,地球还在,我们还在。

在遥远未来的某一个时间,地球也许真的会毁灭,如果这一刻真的到来,人类还能到哪里去？这恐怕是让人类探索太空的源动力。

就在喧嚣一时的＂末日时间＂临近时,太空深处传来了好消息,首颗位于＂宜居带＂的行星在太阳系外被证实,这一发现,被称为＂发现地球的‘双胞胎＇之旅上的一个重要里程碑＂。

【总页数】2页(P58-59)
【作者】丁晖
【作者单位】不详
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】G633.55
【相关文献】
1.“长征”二号C运载火箭成功发射首颗“中法海洋”卫星
2.首颗自主地月转移微卫星"龙江二号"
3.“开普勒”发现两颗地球大小的系外行星
4.美国宇航局证实发现首颗适合居住的类地行星
5.长征二号丁火箭成功发射我国首颗微重力科学实验卫星
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

2023年全国中学生天文知识竞赛预赛试卷A卷及答案解析

2023年全国中学生天文知识竞赛预赛试卷A卷及答案解析2023年全国中同学天文学问竞赛预赛试卷A卷及答案解析01. 今晚的月相更接近（）。

A. 朔B. 望C. 下弦月D.残月答案：B解析：新月（朔）的月龄为0日，满月（望）的月龄为14.8日，下弦月的月龄是22.1日，残月的月龄介于22.1日与29.5日之间。

依据3月22日是朔日，可推出4月1日月龄在10日左右，更接近满月的月龄14.8日。

当然，假如你知道2023年4月1日是农历闰二月十一就更好办了。

初一是朔日，十五是望日（这是语文里需要背的文学常识！），一眼就能看出来更接近望日。

02. 以下哪颗恒星不属于"冬季大六边形"？（）A. 五车二B. 参宿四C. 南河三D. 毕宿五答案：B解析："冬季六边形"是由参宿七（猎户座）、毕宿五（金牛座）、五车二（御夫座）、北河三（双子座）、南河三（小犬座）和天狼星（大犬座）构成的形状，只能死记硬背。

03. M31 是（）。

A. 星云B. 星团C. 星系D. 恒星答案：C解析：M31是著名的仙女座大星系，需要背。

04. "笔尖上的行星"是（）。

A. 地球B. 火星C. 土星D. 海王星答案：D解析：这道题考察的是天文学的历史，在1843年与1846年，英国天文学家亚当斯与法国天文学家勒维耶分别计算出了影响天王星运动的第八颗行星的轨道，随后在1846年9月23日海王星被发觉。

海王星是仅有的利用数学猜想而非观测意外发觉的行星，因此被称为"笔尖上的行星"。

05. 最早使用望远镜进行天文观测的科学家是（）。

A. 哥白尼B. 牛顿C. 伽利略D. 开普勒答案：C解析：这题真没啥好说的，考的是常识性内容。

06. 象限仪流星雨的辐射点与以下哪个星座最近？（）A. 玉夫座B. 武仙座C. 狮子座D. 六分仪座答案：B解析：象限仪座流星雨的辐射点位于牧夫座，以下星座中只有武仙座与牧夫座相邻，因此象限仪座流星雨的辐射点确定距离武仙座最近。

应用型大学英语视听说教程2单元答案

1. Yuri Gagarin was a Sovietcosmonaut (前苏联宇航员). On 12April 1961, he became the firsthuman in outer space and thefirst to orbit (环绕) the Earth. Hereceived medals from around theworld for his pioneering tour inspace.2. Christopher Columbus was a navigator (航海家)and explorer whose voyages across the AtlanticOcean led to general European awareness of theAmerican continents. With his four voyagesof exploration, he initiated the process of Europeancolonization of the New World.3. Mount Everest, or Mount Qomolangma, isthe highest mountain on Earth, as measured by theheight above sea level of its summit, 8,848 meters. Itattracts climbers of all levels, from well-experiencedmountaineers to new climbers willing topay substantial sums to professional mountainguides to complete a successful climb.1. What achievements have humans made in space exploration since the beginning of the Space Age? What are China's recent achievements in space exploration?Your answer：The brain of a person who is brain-dead has completely ceased functioning, as evidenced by absence of brain activity on an electroencephalogram for a specific length of time. Brain death is sometimes used as a legal definition of death. The significant point is that the brain is no longer capable of sustaining the rest of the body's systems without artificial life support.Reference answer： Humans have succeeded in landing on the moon / exploring Mars.On Oct. 15, 2003, China successfully launched its first manned spacecraft, Shenzhou V.On Oct. 12, 2005, Shenzhou Ⅵ, the second manned spaceflight from China, was launched into space.On Sept. 12, 2008, Shenzhou Ⅶ, carrying three crew members, was launched into space.2. Can you name any explorers? Do you know their achievements?Your answer：The brain of a person who is brain-dead has completely ceased functioning, as evidenced by absence of brain activity on an electroencephalogram for a specific length of time. Brain death is sometimes used as a legal definition of death. The significant point is that the brain is no longer capable of sustaining the rest of the body's systems without artificial life support.Reference answer： Marco Polo was a great explorer. He traveled across Asia in the 1200s.Louis Joliet was a famous Canadian explorer who explored the Great Lakes and discovered the Mississippi River.1. 2/32. 1/53. 10.0334. 0.155. 1.31%6. 93.18%7. telephone8. telephone number 38201152number 66/13200(66743200)9. Room 20110. Room 1161) Listen to the report and choose the best answer to the following question.How did NASA carry out its experiment to discover water on the moon?a. NASA crashed a rocket into the moon to expel soil from its surface.b. NASA sent an astronaut to the moon to gather soil from its surface.c. NASA sent a rocket to the moon to dig out soil from its surface.d. NASA crashed a rock into the moon to eject soil from its surface.2) Now listen to the report again and choose the best answer to the following question. Which of the following is the result of NASA's experiment?a. There are about one hundred kilograms of water on the moon.b. There is more water on the moon than originally thought.c. There is no water on the moon.d. There is more water on the moon than there is on Earth.1) Listen to the report and choose the best answer to the following question.Which of the following methods for sending information is NOT mentioned in the report?a. By ship.b. By horse.c. By sheep.d. By bird.2) Now listen to the report again and choose the best answer to the following question. What do you know about the telegraph?a. The first useful telegraphs were developed in the 18th century.b. The telegraph used wires and electricity to send information.c. Each word and each number had to be sent separately by a device called a telegraph key.d. Birds are a faster way to send information than the telegraph.first human [Reference Answer:first human ] 2. moon [ReferenceAnswer:moon ]3. freedom [Reference Answer:freedom1. When did Yuri Gagarin go into space?a. On April 2nd, 1961.b. On April 12th, 1961.c. On April 20th, 1961.d. On April 22nd, 1961.2. In "America's new president needed to make his own grand gesture", what does the "grand gesture" refer to?a. America would launch a war against the Soviet Union.b. America would send more people into space.c. America would build a rocket with more advanced technology.d. America would send a man to the moon.3. How far is the moon from the Earth?a. 24,000 miles.b. 240,000 miles.c. 25,000 miles.d. 250,000 miles.1. For the eyes of the world, now took into (look into) space, to themoonandthe planetsbeyond.2. And we have vowedthat we shall not see it governedby hostile flag of conquest, but by a banner of freedomand peace.3. We choose to go to the moon in this decadeand do the otherthings, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.4. We shall send to the moon a giant rocket more than 300 feettall, made of new metal alloys, some of which have not yetbeen invented.5. And do all this and do it right and do it first before thisdecade is out, then we must be bold.1. Name one or two early ideas about the origin of the universe.Your answer：The brain of a person who is brain-dead has completely ceased functioning, as evidenced by absence of brain activity on an electroencephalogram for a specific length of time. Brain death is sometimes used as a legal definition of death. The significant point is that the brain is no longer capable of sustaining the rest of the body's systems without artificial life support.Reference answer： The universe arrived after a snail's shell mysteriously released a hen and a pigeon. / A giant emerged from an enormous egg.2. Describe Professor Hoyle's theory about the origin of the universe.Your answer：The brain of a person who is brain-dead has completely ceased functioning, as evidenced by absence of brain activity on an electroencephalogram for a specific length of time. Brain death is sometimes used as a legal definition of death. The significant point is that the brain is no longer capable of sustaining the rest of the body's systems without artificial life support.Reference answer： The universe has always been around. It had no beginning, it'll have no end, but is pretty much the way we see it today.3. What does the big bang theory tell us?Your answer：The brain of a person who is brain-dead has completely ceased functioning, as evidenced by absence of brain activity on an electroencephalogram for a specific length of time. Brain death is sometimes used as a legal definition of death. The significant point is that the brain is no longer capable of sustaining the rest of the body's systems without artificial life support.Reference answer： The universe somehow was created out of nothing in an almighty explosion.A: Do you know anything about the origin of the universe?B: Yes, I've read some books concerning this issue. There are two major theories.A: You mean the steady state theory and the big bang theory?B: Exactly. I find the first one really amazing. I believe the universe has always been around. It had no beginning and it'll have no end.A: So you prefer the steady state theory?B: That's right.A: I hate to disagree with you, but I think the big bang theory is more convincing. Astronomers have found that the old universe did not look the same as it does now, so the steady state theory does not seem correct. In fact, the big bang theory is the standard view today.B: I'm afraid there are many problems with the big bang theory as well.A: Like what?B: The theory says the big explosion took place about 15 billion years ago, right?A: Right.B: Then how can you explain the fact that some stars are thought to be older than 15 billion years?A:Well…B: And there are other questions. Why did the universe explode into existence? What happened before the big bang? A: I'm afraid I can't answer your questions. Maybe neither of the theories is perfect.B: I agree with you on this point. It may take a long time for human beings to find a satisfactory theory to explain the origin of the universe.On the first day God created the cow. God said, "(1) You must go to the field with the farmer all day long and suffer under the sun, have calves, and give milk to support the farmer. I will give you a life span of sixty years."The cow said, "(2) That's a kind of tough life you want me to live for sixty years. Let me have twenty years and I'll give back the other forty."And God agreed.On the second day, God created the dog. God said, "Sit all day by the door of your house and (3) bark at anyone who comes in or walks past. I will give you a life span of twenty years."The dog said, "That's too long to be barking. Give me ten years and I'll give back the other ten."So God agreed.On the third day God created the monkey. God said, "Entertain people, do monkey tricks, and make them laugh. I'll give you a twenty-year life span."The monkey said, "How boring! Monkey tricks for twenty years? I don't think so. Dog gave you back ten, so that's what I'll do too, okay?"And God agreed again.On the fourth day God created man. God said, "(4) Eat,sleep,play.Do nothing,just enjoy,enjoy(Eat, sleep, play. Do nothing, just enjoy, enjoy). I'll give you twenty years."Man said, "What? Only twenty years? No way! Tell you what, I'll take my twenty, and the forty cow gave back, and the ten dog gave back, and the ten monkey gave back. That makes eighty, okay?""Okay," said God. "You've got a deal."So this is why for the first twenty years we eat, sleep, play, enjoy, and do nothing; for the next forty years we slave in the sun to support our family; for the next ten years (5) we do monkey thcks to entertaln our grandchildren(we do monkey tricks to entertain our grandchildren); and for the last ten years we sit in front of the house and bark at everybody.U3A nuclear family contains amarried couple and their children,and both parents arethe biological parents of theirchildren.2. An extended family consists of thebiological or adoptive parents, theirchildren, and other close relatives, such asthe grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins,and sometimes more distant relatives.3. A homosexual family consists of acouple of the same biological sex or socialgender, and they might have adoptedchildren.4. specificgender(Single-parent) families arefamilies with children under age 18 headedby a parent who is widowedor divorced and not remarried, or by aparent who has never married.1. Can you name any family type?Your answer：The brain of a person who is brain-dead has completely ceasedfunctioning, as evidenced by absence of brain activity on an electroencephalogramfor a specific length of time. Brain death is sometimes used as a legal definition ofdeath. The significant point is that the brain is no longer capable of sustaining therest of the body's systems without artificial life support.Reference answer： There are quite a few family types, such as the nuclear family, the extended family, the homosexual family, the international family or cross-cultural family, the stepfamily (also known as a blended family or reconstituted family, i.e. a family in which one or both members of the couple have children from a previous family), the single-parent family, and the polygamist family.2. Which family type do you prefer, the extended family or the nuclear family? Why?Your answer：The brain of a person who is brain-dead has completely ceasedfunctioning, as evidenced by absence of brain activity on an electroencephalogramfor a specific length of time. Brain death is sometimes used as a legal definition ofdeath. The significant point is that the brain is no longer capable of sustaining therest of the body's systems without artificial life support.Reference answer： It depends. If I have a full-time job and my child is still young, I prefer an extended family to a nuclear family, that is, living together with my parents or parents-in-law, because they can help take care of the baby.3. Who is the breadwinner (挣钱养家的人) in your family? Whose income is larger? Who has the final say?Your answer：The brain of a person who is brain-dead has completely ceasedfunctioning, as evidenced by absence of brain activity on an electroencephalogramfor a specific length of time. Brain death is sometimes used as a legal definition ofdeath. The significant point is that the brain is no longer capable of sustaining therest of the body's systems without artificial life support.Reference answer ： Both my father and my mother are the breadwinners in my family. Unlike most traditional couples, my mother earns more than my father, and it seems that the one who earns more has the final say in my family. 1. 1:15 2. 12:303. 9:004. 11:105. 5:056. 16:157. 23:51 8. 2:009. 10:4510. 18:351) Listen to the report and choose the best answer to the following question. Where is Jenna Bush's wedding ceremony going to be held?a. At the White House.b. In Crawford, Texas.c. In the University of Virginia.d. InBaltimore, Maryland.2) Now listen to the report again and choose the best answer to the following question.Which statement about Henry Hager is NOT true, according to the report?a. He is aformer schoolteacher.b. He was aWhite House intern in 2003.c. He worked on Bush's reelection campaign in 2004.d. He has not got his master's degree in business yet.1) Listen to the report and choose the best answer to the following question.Which of the following countries is the best place for mothers and children?a. America.b. Britain.c. Sweden.d. Denmark.2) Now listen to thereport again and choose the best answer to the following question.Which of the following is NOT a condition that the report is based on?a. The risk ofearly death.b. The rate ofuse of modern birth control methods.c. The percentage of pregnant women with a shortage of sugar in the blood.d. The percentage of births with the aid of trained medical workers.1) Listen to the report and choose the best answer to the following question.Why are some people interested in genealogy?a. For religiousreasons.b. Formembership in somehistorical or cultural organizations.c. For personal interest.d. All of the above.2) Now listen to the report again and choose the best answer to the following question. Which is NOT a way to start a genealogical investigation?a. Starting with oneself.b. Searching old family books.c. Going to small libraries.d. Using the Internet.stays at home [ReferenceAnswer:st ays at home ] 2.teeds [Referen ceAnswer:feeds ]3.switch [Reference Answer:s witch ]4.both men andwomen [Referen ce Answer:bothmen andwomen ]1. What's Sean's wife Regan'sjob?a. She's an architect.b. She's an attorney.c. She's a doctor.d. She's a researcher.2. Compared with men who traditionally work outside the home, how much bigger is the percentage of chance of dying for men who have beenstay-at-home dads for at least 10 years?a. 8%b. 18%c. 80%d. 3%3. What is the reason all the men interviewed stay at home?a. Their babies need Dad's caremore than Mom's.b. They have heart disease.c. Their wives' incomes arehigher.d. Their wives like high-demandand high-control jobs1. New research showsthis role reversal may,in fact, be stressfulfor the heart.Mr.Mom, characte rized in the 1980's movie, husbands and wives switchin gtraditional(s witching traditional roles).3. This finding about househu sbands, as far as we know, has never been examined, and it's really an unanticipat ed finding.4. Since we were kids, we were raised to, you know, be the breadwinn er,you know, take care of the family, youknow, financial ly and, you know, be the macho male guy.5. The same study also found women like her are three times more likely to develop heart disease than womenlow-authorityjobs.1. What are the legal ages for girls and boys to marry in India?Your answer：The brain of a person who is brain-dead has completely ceasedfunctioning, as evidenced by absence of brain activity on an electroencephalogramfor a specific length of time. Brain death is sometimes used as a legal definition ofdeath. The significant point is that the brain is no longer capable of sustaining therest of the body's systems without artificial life support.Reference answer： 18 for girls, and 21 for boys.2. What do the two boys think of marriage?Your answer：The brain of a person who is brain-dead has completely ceasedfunctioning, as evidenced by absence of brain activity on an electroencephalogramfor a specific length of time. Brain death is sometimes used as a legal definition ofdeath. The significant point is that the brain is no longer capable of sustaining therest of the body's systems without artificial life support.Reference answer： Marriage to them is staying together, looking after each other, and looking after the house. 3. What kind of cultures may have difficulty accepting child marriage, according to the reporter?Your answer：The brain of a person who is brain-dead has completely ceasedfunctioning, as evidenced by absence of brain activity on an electroencephalogramfor a specific length of time. Brain death is sometimes used as a legal definition ofdeath. The significant point is that the brain is no longer capable of sustaining therest of the body's systems without artificial life support.Reference answer： Cultures that base marriages on romantic love.4. When will the newlyweds live together?Your answer：The brain of a person who is brain-dead has completely ceasedfunctioning, as evidenced by absence of brain activity on an electroencephalogramfor a specific length of time. Brain death is sometimes used as a legal definition ofdeath. The significant point is that the brain is no longer capable of sustainingtherest of the body's systems without artificial life support.Reference answer： They won't live together until the brides are at least 16.1.Marriage is a union between aman and a woman approvedby law. Marriages can bedivided into arrangedmarriages and love marriages.An arranged marriage is amarriage in which the parentschoose the husband or wife fortheir child. A love marriage is aunion of two individuals basedupon mutual love, affection,commitment, and attraction.2. Arranged marriages arefound in cultures in which theextended family is common. Inextended families, marriage isinevitably a family affair, andindividuals are expected toconform to the overall wishesof the group. Parents wouldlike to provide their childrenwith protection, wealth,security, and happiness, andthey might assume thatchildren are inexperienced inlife, so they would ratherselect marriage partners forchildren.3. Love marriages offer moreindependence and freedom ascompared to arrangedmarriages. In arrangedmarriages, there is a pressureto conform to parentalexpectations like producing amale heir, taking part in familyrituals and traditions, puttingup with sisters-in-law,contributing to familyexpenses, etc. Love marriagesprovide time for a mutualunderstanding between thepartners. Knowing somebodybefore marriage allowspartners to have betterrespect and understanding foreach other’s needs anddesires. Then they are betteradjusted in the marriage whenthey finally take their weddingvows. Love and romance arenecessary conditions for asuccessful marriage, whilethere is no dating or romancebefore the wedding in anarranged marriage. However,arranged marriages offer moreprotection and security to thewomen. Parents employmature and wise judgmentwhen choosing suitablespouses for their children.2. We met on a blind date. For me,it was love at first sight.He was perfect. He was myPrince Charming. (1) I was aterrible romantic when I methim and I gave up myheart the day he smiled atme. The first time I saw him,he was dressed in a tuxedo.His skin was dark like brownsugar and his black hair wascombed into carefully casualwaves over his forehead. Hischeeks were high and broadand his jaw was strong. Whenhe smiled at me, the smilespread across his whole faceand (2) lit his eyes so thatthey turned to golden honey .He was strong, thoughtful, and quiet. When we were dating, he was such a gentleman, opening doors, letting me pick the movies, and stuff like that. He was sweet. He brought me flowers sometimes, or he would get my favorite ice cream, and sometimes he would bring me lunch from my favorite Chinese place down the street. He isn't quite the talker that I am, and (3) I think that's why we hit it off . As they say, opposites attract! We dated for about a year before he proposed, and were married six months later. (4) I believe that fate or destiny brought us together . He was Mr. Right.Things were so great. We got a cute apartment, bought nice furniture, we entertained friends, we went out to eat all the time, and I got a new car.(5) Marriage wasn't the "big adjustment"ebery one said it would be(Marriage wasn't the "big adjustment" everyone said it would be) . It was exactly what I wanted: great guy, great apartment, great furniture, great car, great friends. Life was great!。

2017丰台天文竞赛题目及答案

2017年丰台区小学生天文知识竞赛题目及答案试卷共100个小题，每小题中只有一个答案符合题意所填写内容不一定全对。

01. 黄道共穿过（）个星座的天区。

(A) 6 (B) 12 (C) 13 (D) 8802. 以下哪个时段观测西大距期间的水星最合适？（）(A) 黎明(B) 黄昏(C) 午夜(D) 正午03. 以下我国传统节日中哪个是以节气命名的？（）(A) 清明节(B) 端午节(C) 中秋节(D) 重阳节04. 双子座流星雨的辐射点位于（）。

(A) 赤经32°赤纬+03° (B) 赤经338°赤纬-01°(C) 赤经262°赤纬+54° (D) 赤经112°赤纬+33°05. 关于日全食下列说法正确的是（）。

(A) 在北极点上观测不到日全食。

(B) 每年全球至少会发生一次日全食。

(D) 下次日全食将发生于2017 年8 月21 日的北美大陆。

06. 我们在地球上只能看到月亮的正面，是因为（）。

(A)月亮没有自转(B)月亮自转周期与地球公转周期相同(C)月亮自转周期与绕地球公转周期相同(D)月亮自转周期与地球自转周期相同07. 使用地面光学望远镜观测多数近地小行星的最佳时机一般是当它位于（）附近的时候。

(A) 近日点(B) 近地点(C) 冲日(D) 大距08. 在澳大利亚的悉尼市当地时间中午12点面向太阳站立，太阳未来一小时的视运动方向是（）。

(A) 向东(B) 向南(C) 向西(D) 向北09. 以下叙述内容错误的是（）。

(A) 曙光号探测器在本月抵达谷神星，在此之前它已对灶神星进行过相关探测。

(B) 美国航空航天局的MAVEN 探测器是专门用于研究火星大气的设备。

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arXiv:astro-ph/9808044v1 6 Aug 1998SubmittedtoAstrophysicalJournalLettersAugust5,1998PreprinttypesetusingLATEXstyleemulateapjv.04/03/99

MAPPINGTHECMBII:THESECONDFLIGHTOFTHEQMAPEXPERIMENTT.Herbig1,4,A.deOliveira-Costa1,2,M.J.Devlin3,A.D.Miller1,L.Page1,andM.Tegmark2,4

SubmittedtoAstrophysicalJournalLettersAugust5,1998

ABSTRACTWereporttheresultsfromthesecondﬂightofQMAP,anexperimenttomapthecosmicmicrowavebackgroundneartheNorthCelestialPole.Wepresentmapsoftheskyat31and42GHzaswellasameasurementoftheangularpowerspectrumcovering40∼20σandisinagreementwithpreviousresultsattheseangularscales.WealsoreportdetailsofthedatareductionandanalysistechniqueswhichwereusedforbothﬂightsofQMAP.

Subjectheadings:cosmicmicrowavebackground—cosmology:observations

1.INTRODUCTION

TheQMAPexperimentisaballoon-bornetelescopede-signedtomapthecosmicmicrowavebackground(CMB)fromangularscalesof0.◦7toseveraldegrees.ItsdesignissimilartothatoftheSaskatoonexperiment(Wollacketal.1997),buttheabsenceofsigniﬁcantatmosphericemis-sionatballoonaltitudesandtheinterlockingscanpatternallowtheproductionofaskymapinanareaclosetotheNorthCelestialPole(NCP).QMAPﬂewtwicein1996.Thetelescopehas6radiometrychannelsin3dual-polarizationbeams.TwoofthesechannelsareatKa-band(31GHz)andfourareatQ-band(42GHz).Thetelescopecanbepointedinazimuth,butthebeamshaveaﬁxedelevationofabout41◦.Thethreebeamsarechoppedsi-nusoidallyinazimuthat4.6Hzoveranangleofuptoθc=20◦onthesky.Inaddition,theazimuthofthetele-scopeis“wobbled”sinusoidallywithperiodsof50–100sandamplitudesofapproximatelyhalfthechopamplitude.ThisLetterreportstheresultsfromthesecondﬂightofQMAP.Italsodetailsthecalibrationandpointinganal-ysiscommontobothﬂightsoftheexperiment.Acom-panionpaper(Devlinetal.1998,hereafterD98)presentstheresultsofﬂight1anddiscussesthedesignandperfor-manceoftheinstrument.Anothercompanionpaper(deOliveira-Costaetal.1998;dO98)presentsthecombinedresultsfrombothﬂightsandexplainsthemappingtech-niqueandthemethodusedtocalculatetheangularpowerspectrumoftheCMB.

2.OBSERVATIONSANDDATA

ThesecondﬂightoftheQMAPexperimentwaslaunched1996November10at23:05UTfromFt.Sumner,NM,bytheNationalScientiﬁcBalloonFacility(NSBF).Thegondolareacheditsﬂoataltitudeof30kmtwohourslaterandstayedatﬂoatuntil12:55UT.Scienceandcali-brationdataweretakenbetweem01:00and12:10UT,allduringthenight.Theﬂightwasterminated350kmeast,nearShamrock,TX.

1PrincetonUniversity,PhysicsDepartment,JadwinHall,

Princeton,NJ08544;herbig@pupgg.princeton.edu2InstituteforAdvancedStudy,OldenLane,Princeton,NJ08540

3UniversityofPennsylvania,DepartmentofPhysicsand

Astronomy,DavidRittenhouseLab.,Philadelphia,PA19104

4HubbleFellow

Incontrasttoﬂight1,thisﬂightwasoptimizedforahighersignal/noiseratioforeachmappixel;thiswasachievedwithasmallerchopofθc=5◦andawobbleof∆az≈3◦ataperiodof50s.Becausethelatitudeoftheﬂightwas≈3◦higherthanﬂight1,theresultingmapsareclosertotheNCP.TheskycoverageforbothﬂightsisshowninD98.ThetargetregionaroundtheNCPwasobservedin3segmentsof17305s,9200s,and3974sdu-ration,interruptedbycelestialcalibrations.Atthechopfrequencyof4.6Hzandthedatarateof160samples/chop,22,433,920radiometrysamplesontheNCPweregatheredineachchannel.All6channelsfunctionedcleanly—nodatahadtobeexcisedbecauseofexcessnoise.Duringascent,theattitudecomputerfrozerepeatedly,whichdelayedstartingtheradiometercoolingsystemandpreventedtheradiometerfromreachingthermalequilib-rium.Theresultingampliﬁergainvariationsweretrackedandcorrectedusingperiodiccalibrationpulses.Alsoduringascent,thedataacquisitioncomputerfrozefor≈50sbutresumedfunctioningwithoutrebooting.Con-sequently,thedatabuﬀersoverﬂowed,resultinginlargetimingoﬀsetsbetweenradiometry,chopper,andpointingsamples.Thiscomplicatedthephasesolutionsdescribedinsection3.2.Noothertimingdelayswereencountered.TheprimaryCCDpointingcamerahadan8◦ﬁeldofview,whilethesecondarycameracovered12◦;bothguidedwith<10′′intrinsicpointingnoiseat10Hz.Almostallobservationsweremadeusingthenarrow-ﬁeldcamera.Asdiscussedinsection3.1,nostarswereobservedintheCCDduringtheradiometercalibrationonCasA,resultinginalargeazimuthpointinguncertainty.TwoballastdropsduringthesecondNCPsegment,trackedwellinthepoint-ing,hadnodiscernibleeﬀectonthedata.Apartfromtheradiometer,allsystemcomponentsreachedthermalregulationquickly.Exposedpassiveele-ments,suchasthechopperandthemirror,cooledtotem-peraturesof≈−45Cuponreachingﬂoataltitude,andstayedwithin10Kfortheremainderoftheﬂight.ThegondolapositionwasrecordedeveryminutebytheGPSreceiversintheNSBFﬂightpackage;timewasrecordedto2sabsoluteaccuracywiththeon-boardclock.