武汉大学师资培训中心《PETS5考试常用固定搭配详解》
武汉大学师资培训中心《PETS5考试常用固定搭配详解》TEL:68754910
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考试常用固定搭配详解
A
1．Abide by 遵守，履行
If you join the club, you must abide by its rules.如果你加入这个俱乐部，你必须遵守他的规定。
They have always abided by their promises.他们总是遵守诺言。
2．Abound in (with) 盛产，富于
Our country abounds in oil resources.我国有丰富的石油资源。
This area abounds in natural wonders. 这地区充满了自然奇观。
3.above all首先，最重要地
A clock must above all be exact.钟表最重要的是时间精确。
Above all, you should cherish your time.最重要的是你要珍惜自己的时间。
4.according to 依照，按照
According to the Bible, Cod created the world in six days.
根据圣经，上帝在六日内创造了世界。
According to the news, sixty people died in the air crash. 根据新闻，60人死于空难。
5.accuse of 指控，谴责
They accused him of taking bribes.他们指控受贿。
The country was accused of having violated the treaty.这个国家被指控违反条约。6.adapt适应
We adapted ourselves to the cold weather.我们习惯了寒冷的天气。
The new teacher is very slow to adapt to the usual rules of the school.
这位新老师非常缓慢地适应学校的常规。
7.add up to 加起来，总计
The figures add up to 100. 这些数字加起来是100。
The rain, the crowded train and the lack of suitable accommodation all added up to a very unpleasant trip.
大雨，拥挤的火车，缺乏合适的居住地，所有的加起来导致了施行的不愉快。
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8.after all 毕竟，终究
Rumors, after all, cannot conceal truth. 谣言终究掩盖不了事实。
He was worried about the exam, but he passed it after all.
他担心考试，但最终及格了。
9.all but/except 除了……都
All but one were present. 除了他一个人以外，其他的都到了。
All but he fled.除了他所有的人都逃了。
10.appeal to 呼吁，要求，对……有吸引力
The conference appealed to all the member states for still closer unity.
会议呼吁全体成员国更加紧密地团结起来。
The song appeals to Chinese children.这首歌为中国的孩子们所喜爱。
11.approve of 赞成，同意
I cannot approve of her staying up.我不赞成他熬夜。
We do not approve of divorcing theory from practice.我们不赞成理论脱离实际。12.arrive at 到达，达到（想法，结论）
We arrived at the station at midnight. 我们半夜抵达车站。
We arrived at the conclusion that he was a spy. 我们得出结论，他是个间谍。
13.as…as 像……一样
I can run as fast as he. 我和他跑的一样快。
I am as interested as you in this matter. 我与你一样对此事感兴趣。
14.as a result (of) 结果，由于
As a result of traffic jam, he arrived late at the station.
由于交通阻塞，他到达车站时已晚了。
As a result of land reform, the economic base of feudalism was destroyed in China.
由于土地改革，中国封建制度的经济基础被摧毁了。
15. as a whole 整体来说
The climate of Beijing is mild as a whole.北京的气候总体来说是温和的。
We must consider those matters as a whole. 我们必须总体考虑那些问题。
16.as far as…be concerned
As far as the weather is concerned, I don't think it matters.
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就天气而言，我认为并不要紧。
As far as I am concerned, I do not approve of the proposal.就我而言，我不赞成揭议。
17.as if /though 仿佛，好像
It looks as if it was going to snow. 看上去好像要下雪。
He cleared his throat as if he had something to say. 他清了清嗓子好像有话要说。
18. at all costs/at any cost 无论如何，不惜一切代价。
This right must be protected at all costs.要不惜一切代价保障这项权利。The border must be defended at any cost.必须不惜一切代价保卫边疆。
19.at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何
We should, at any rate, tell him frankly what we think of his proposal.
无论如何我们应该直率地告诉他我们对他的建议的看法。
At any rate, I will do nothing without further direction.
无论如何，没有进一步指示，我不会做任何事情。
20.at least 至少，最少
This trip will at least take a week. 这趟旅行至少要用上一周时间。
You should sleep at least 8.hours a day.你应该一天至少睡8小时。
21.at present 目前，眼下
At present, I don't want to go aboard. 眼下我不想出国。
He is at present serving his life sentence. 他眼下在服终生监禁。
22.attribute to 把……归因于
He attributed his success to good luck.
他把成功归因于运气。
Air pollution has been partly attributed to cars.
空气污染部分原因是由于汽车的使用。
23. aware of 明白，意识到
I am not aware of his intentions. 我不明白他的意图。
I was not aware of my danger. 我没意识到危险。
B
24.base on/upon以……为基础，基于
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The novel is based on the historical facts. 这部小说是根据历史题材写成的。The belief is based upon practical experience. 这信仰来源于实践经验。25.be able to 能，会
Since his accident, he hasn't been able to leave the house.
他自从出了事故以来就没能离开这房子。
The frog is able to jump 3 meters at one time.这只青蛙一次能跳三米远。26.be absorbed in 全神贯注于，专心于
She was absorbed in the book. 他全神贯注地读书。
He was so absorbed in his work that he rarely.
他全神贯注地工作，很少注意到周围发生了什么。
27.be composed of 由……组成
The class was evenly composed of boys and girls. 这班级由男生与女生平均组成。What is water composed of? 水是由什么组成的？
28.be concerned with 关于，与……有关
This book is concerned with computer technology. 这本书是关于计算机技术的。He is always concerned with state affairs. 他总是关心国家大事。
29. be fit for 适合
The book is fit for children. 这本书适合孩子。
The houses are now fit for human habitation. 这些房子适合人类居住。
30.be/go on a diet 节食
I mustn't have chocolate. I am on a diet. 我不能吃巧克力，我在节食。
Going on a diet is not the best way to reduce weight. 节食不是减肥的最佳办法。31.be related to 与……有关，涉及
This article is related to the international situation. 这篇文章讲的是国际形势。Painting is related to art. 绘画与艺术有关。
32.be/get tired of 对……感到厌倦
I am tired of exams. 我厌倦了考试。
I am tired of eating the same food every day. 我厌烦了每天吃同样的食物。
33. be/get used to 习惯于
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We are used to the cold weather here. 我们适应了这里的寒冷天气。
We are used to the cold weather here. 我们习惯了一起工作。
34.bear/keep…in mind 牢记在心
Bear in mind what I am saying. 记住我说的。
Please bear in mind the instructions the doctor has given you. 记住医生给你的指示。
35.because of 因为
Because of his laziness, he failed the exam again. 因为懒惰，他考试再次不及格。Because of his bad leg, he could not walk as fast as others.
由于他的残腿，他不能与别人走一样的快。
36.begin/start with 以……开始
The first word of a sentence should begin with a capital letter.
句子的首字母应大写。
Knowledge begins with practice. 理论来源于实践。
37.before long 不久，很快
The storm will be over before long. 风暴很快就会过去。
The book will be published before long. 这本书不久之后就出版。
38.believe in 信仸，相信
I don't believe in ghosts. 我不信鬼。
Marxism believes in the primacy of matter. 马克思主义相信物质第一性。39.belong to 属于
The land belongs to a big family. 这片土地属于一个大家庭。
The future belongs to a big family. 未来属于年轻的一代。
40.benefit from 从……获益
I benefited a lot from his advice. 我从他的建议中受益非浅。
He will benefit from the new way of doing business.
他会从新的生意之道中获益匪浅。
41.blame…for为……责备……，归昝
Who is to blame me for that; it wasn't my fault. 谁为失败负责？
You mustn't blame me for that; it wasn't my fault.
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你不应该指责我，那不是我的错。
42.bring about 产生，引起，带来
Science has brought about great advances in human civilization.
科学给人类文明带来了巨大进步。
What has brought about the misunderstanding between them?
什么引起了他们之间的误解？
43.bring up抚养，养育
He was brought up in poverty. 他在贫困中长大。
She brought up her children to be considerate of others.他教育孩子要体贴他人。
44.by accident/chance偶然，碰巧
They met each other by accident. 他们碰巧遇见了。
I found these things by chance. 我碰巧发现了这些东西。
45.by means of 借助……手段
He succeeded by means of investing in insurance.
他通过投资于保险业而获得成功。
I translated the lyric poems by means of dictionary.
我借助字典翻译了这些抒情诗。
46.by mistake 弄错……
I took his book by mistake. 我错拿了他的书。
She put salt into her cup of tea by mistake. 她错把盐放入了茶中。
C
47.catch up with 赶上，跟上
She must work hard to catch up with her class.
他必须努力学习才可以赶上她的同学。
We must catch up with the latest technology. 我们必须跟上最新技术。
48.charge…with 指控…（犯罪）
I shall charge him with forgery. 我指控他犯有伪造罪。
The offence with which he is charged carries a heavy penalty.
他所犯的罪责罚很重。
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49.close down 关闭，倒闭
The owner had to close the shop down. 店主不得不关闭商店。
Many small plants in that country closed down for lack of fuel.
那个国家的许多小厂矿因为缺乏燃料而倒闭了。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a25077900.html,e/get in (to) contact/touch with接触到
I feel at ease when I come into contact with the well-educated.
我与教养好的人打交道游刃有余。
We should come into touch with different kinds of books to widen our horizon. 我们应该接触不同的书籍来扩大视野。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a25077900.html,e into effect/operation/practice 生效
This treaty will come into effect next year. 该条约明年生效。
The revised work schedule comes into effect next week.
改过的工作日程表下周开始实施。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a25077900.html,pare…to…把……比作
Books are compared to friends. 书被比作朋友。
Poets have compared sleep to death. 诗人把睡眠比作死亡。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a25077900.html,par……with与……相比
Compared with many women, she was lucky.
与许多女人相比，她算是幸运的。
The output of our factory has increased by 30% as compared with last year's.
与去年的产量相比，我厂的产量增加了30%。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a25077900.html,pensate for 补偿
Money cannot compensate for the loss of health.
钱不能之补偿失去的健康。
Industry and loyalty sometimes compensate for the lack of ability.
勤勉与忠诚有时可以弥补能力的不足。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a25077900.html,pete against与……竞争
They try to compete against other countries in sports.
他们力图在体育上与其他国家竞争。
Too much urge to children t compete against the clock may lead to bad consequences. 武汉大学师资培训中心《PETS5考试常用固定搭配详解》TEL:68754910
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过渡的催促孩子与时间赛跑会导致不好的结果。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a25077900.html,plain about/of抱怨，埋怨
He complained to the manager about the bad food served.
他向经理抱怨提供的食物太难吃了。
He complained of being short of medicine.他抱怨的缺乏药物。
57.concentrate on/upon 集中精力于，致力于
If you don't concentrate on your work, you will be dismissed.
如果你工作精力不集中，会被解雇的。
You'll solve the problem if you concentrate on it.
如果你全神贯注，你就会解决问题。
58.consist of 组成，包括
The committee consists of teachers and linguists.
这个委员会由教师与语言学家组成。
Our team consists of 15 members. 我们的队由15名队员组成。
59.contribute to 有助于，贡献
His hard work contributed to his success. 他的辛勤工作促成了他的成功。
Drink contributed to his ruin. 饮酒促使他毁灭。
60.cope with应付，对储，妥善处理
The transport department is taking steps to cope with the holiday rush.
运输部门正在采取措施解决假日交通繁忙的问题。
Self-confidence is what we need in coping with the difficulties.
自信是我们对付困难不可缺少的心理素质。
61.count on 指望，期待
You can count on me.你可以信赖我。
In building our nation, we should first count on ourselves.
在建设国家方面，我们首先要自力更生。
D
62.deal in经营，买卖，从事，忙于，参与
The shop deals in men's clothes.这家商店经销男式服装。
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The small store deals in articles of daily use. 这家小商店经营日用品。
63.deal with 处理
She deals with all the difficult problems alone. 她独自处理一切棘手问题。How shall we deal with the difficulty?我们应该如何克服困难？
64.depend/rely on/upon 依赖，信仸，视……而定
We're depending on you to finish the job on time. 我们相信你能按时完成工作。Where we go for our holiday depends on how much money we have.
我们去哪里度假要看我们有多少钱。
65.derive form 来自，源于
Many English words derive form French. 许多英文单词来自法语。
His judgment derived form his observation. 他的判断处自于他的观察。
66.devote…to…把……贡献于
They have devoted all their time to helping the sick.
他们把时间都奉献来帮助病人。
He devoted all his life to the research of plats. 他把毕生精力献给了植物研究。
67.differ from不同，有异
China differs greatly form other countries in customs.
中国与其他国家在习俗上有很大的差异。
My views differ form his. 我的观点与他的不同。
68.divide into 分开，划分
This book can be divided into three parts. 这本书可以分为三部分。
The world can be divided into different groups. 世界可以被分为许多阵营。69.do away with 废除，去掉
Government should do away with laws out of date. 政府应该废除过时的法律。The death penalty has been done away with in many countries.
许多国家已经废除了死刑。
70. due to 由于，因为
The late arrival of the train is due to the heavy snow. 火车晚点是因为大雪所致。Changes in society are chiefly due to the development of the internal contradictions in society.
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社会变革主要是由于祄内部矛盾的发展引起的。
E
71.each other 互相，彼此
They help each other in work. 他们在工作中互相帮助。
They congratulated each other on their success. 他们互相庆祝成功。
72.either…or或……或，不是……便是
The letter may arrive either today or tomorrow. 信或者今天或者明天到。
Either he or you are right. 不是他就是你对了。
73.engage in 从事，忙于
He is engaged in writing a book. 他忙着写一本书。
He is engaged in writing a letter of invitation. 他在忙着写邀请信。
74.enjoy oneself 玩得愉快，感到快乐
Did you enjoy yourself at the party? 聚会过的愉快吗？
We enjoyed ourselves heartily at the dance. 我们在舞会上玩的十分愉快。
75.even if/though 即使，纵然
I will go even if it rains cats and dogs. 即使下大雨我也去。
You won't mind even if he doesn't come. 即使他不来，你也不要介意。
76.expert in擅长
She is expert in playing the piano. 他擅长弹钢琴。
Hi is said to be expert in English speech. 据说他擅长英文演讲。
77.familiar with熟悉，通晓
Make yourself familiar with the foreign customs soon. 要尽快熟悉外国的风俗。Only practicing more can help you to be familiar with your work.
只有多实践，你才会熟悉工作。
78.far from远离，完全不，反而
The railway station is far from here. 火车站离这儿很远。
The result of the experiment is far from satisfactory. 实验的结果不尽如人意。79.feel like 想，想要
We all feel like a cup of coffee. 我们都想来杯咖啡。
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After a day's work, I felt like having a good rest.
经过了一天的劳动，我想好好休息一下。
80.fight with/against和…作战，为反对…而斗争
We shall have to fight against various temptations.
我们应与各种各样的诱惑作斗争。
England fought with Germany in the First World War.
在第一次世界大战中，英国与德国作战。
81.first of all 首先
One will be judged by one's speech first of all. 先察其言而知其人。
You should first of all listen to good English as often as possible.
首先，你尽可能多听地道的英语。
82.fit into把…安插进去，安插在…之中。
Can you fit this item into the programme? 你能把这个节目安排进去吗？
This episode fits into part three of the novel very well.
这段情节安插在小说的第三部分里很合适。
83.focus on 集中于
He focused his attention on this problem. 他集中精力处理这问题。
Public attention is focused on the problem of industrial relations.
公众的注意力集中在劳资关系上。
84.for example/instance 例如
There are languages more difficult than English, for example, Latin and Greek. 有比英语难的语言，例如，拉丁语和希腊语。
For example, she would not come here whenever it rains.
例如，一下雨她就不来了。
85.for short 简称，缩写
The United Kingdom is called U. K. for short. 大不列颠联合国被简称为王国。We call him Jim for short.我们简称他吉米。
86.free of/from不受…影响，免于
My room is free from the outside noise. 我的房间不受外部噪音影响。
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To be free form all the temptation is hard.摆脱诱惑是很难的。
87.from time to time 有时，不时
He called at my house from time to time. 他有时来拜访我。
He will seek my advice from time to time. 他不时地征求我的意见。
G
88.gain/have access to 可以使用，接近
Students can have access to the library. 学生可以使用图书馆。
Only few people have access to the top-secret information.
只有少数人可以接触机密文件。
89.gain/give/get/have an advantage over 胜于，比……有利
He gained an advantage over his opponent.他胜出了他的对手。
You have an advantage over me. You can make a dress. 你比我强。你还会做衣服。
90.generally speaking 一般说来，通常来说
Women, generally speaking, live longer than men. 一般说来，女人比男人寿命长。Generally speaking, it's quite damp in the southern part of China while in the northern part it's rather dry. 一般说来，中国的南方气候潮湿，而北方则相当干燥。
91.get along with(on)进展，过活，对付
How are you getting along with your English study? 你的英语学习进展如何？
He is not getting on very fast with his job. 他工作进展不快。
92.get/learn by hear熟记，能背出
She has got the poem by heart. 他熟记了这首诗。
You got to learn all these English word by heart. 你必须记住这些英语单词。
93.given that 考虑到
Given that they're inexperienced, they've done a good job.
考虑到他们没经验，他们已经做的不错了。
Given that she is ill, her performance is good enough.
考虑到她生病，她的表情已相当不错了。
H
94.had better do最好还是，应该
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He'd better stop taking those pills. 他最好停止服那些药丸。
He'd better listen to others' advice. 他最好听一下别人的建议。
95.hand down 把……传下去
These paintings have been handed down from generation to generation.
这些画世代相传。
These ceremonies have been handed down through the centuries.
这些礼仪已经世代相传了几千年了。
96.hand in 上交，递交
Don't forget to hand in your answer sheet before you leave.
别忘了在离开前把答题纸交上来。
The minister handed in his resignation. 部长递交了辞呈。
97.have a bearing on 与……有关，对……有影响
The motion picture has a bearing on children. 电影对孩子有影响。
His speech has a bearing on me. 他的演说对我有影响。
98.have/take/show an interest in对……感兴趣
The children have an interest in watching advertisement on TV.
孩子爱上电视上的广告。
He takes an interest in repairing radios. 他喜欢修收音机。
99.have nothing/anything/something to do with 与……毫无关系，有关系Diligence has something to do with success. 勤奋与成功有关。
A good pronunciation has something to do with constant practice.
良好的发音与经常练习是分不开的。
100.help oneself to 请随便用
Help yourself to some apples. 请随便吃点苹果。
101.hit on/upon偶然找到，忽然发现
By a stroke of luck, I hit on this dictionary in a second-hand bookstore.
幸运的是我在一家旧书店发现这本字典。
After many experiments, he's finally hit upon a solution to the problem.
经过多次的实验，他终于找到了解决问题的方法。
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102.impose on/upon把……强加给，强迫接受
Don't impose your opinion on me. 别强加你的观点于我。
The present trouble was imposed on him. 他目前面临困境。
103.impress on 给……留下深刻印象
His image has been strongly impressed on me. 他给我留下深刻印象。
He had the powers to impress his opinions on others.
他有魔力让自己的意见给别人留下深刻印象。
104.improve on/upon 改进，超过
Our techniques are already advanced and being improved on daily.
我们的技术进步很快，而且在日益__________提高。
The girl improved on her previous record. 这女孩刷新了以前的记录。
105.in a moment 立即，马上
The dinner will be ready in a moment. 晚饭马上就好。
He hesitated in a moment and then stepped forward.
他犹豫了一会儿，然后向前走了。
106.in a sense 从某种意义上说
In a sense, the most intelligent are often the most successful.
从某种意义上说，最聪明的人往往最成功。
What you said is true in a sense. 从某种意义说来说，你说的话是对的。
107.in a way从某种程度上，有几分
The two persons look alike in a way. 这两个人看上去有点像。
The result was satisfactory in a way. 从某种程度上来说，结果还是令人满意的。108.in addition 并且，另外
Dr York is a professor. In addition, he is a writer.
约克博士是位教授，另外他还是位作家。
The girl has collected many Chinese stamps and some foreign stamps in addition.
这女孩收集了很多中国邮票，还有一些外国邮票。
109.in addition to 除了……之外还，加之
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In addition to swimming, I like playing basketball. 除了游泳，我还喜欢打蓝球。He did your work in addition to his own. 除了自己的工作，他把你那份也做了。110.in advance 预先，事先
Phone me in advance if there is a meeting. 如果有会请打电话提前通知我。
You should know this truth in advance. 你应事先懂得这一道理。
111.in brief 简言之
In brief, I think we should take his advice. 简言之，我想我们应该接受他的建议。This, in brief, is the view of the trade-unions. 总之，这就是工会的意见。
112.in case 万一，假设
In case it should rain, you'd better take a raincoat with you.
万一下雨，还是带件雨衣吧。
In case anybody calls for me, I'll be back at one o'clock.
万一有人找我，告诉他我一点钟回来。
113.in conclusion 最后，在结束时
In conclusion, I'd like to express my thanks for your help.
最后，我想表达对你的帮助的谢意。
In conclusion he appealed to the delegates of all countries to support the draft resolution. 最后，他呼吁所有国家的代表支持决议的起草。
114.in contrast to/with与……形成对照
This appears small in contrast to that. 与那个相比这个子小点儿。
In contrast with your belief that we will fail, I know that we shall succeed.
你认为我们会输，而我的观点与你的相反，我知道我们会赢。
115.in debt 欠债，负债
He is in debt now. 他现有负债累累。
No matter how much money he earns, he is always in debt.
无论他赚多少钱，他总负债累累。
116.in detail 详细地，逐条地
Tell me your study method in detail. 请详细地告诉我你的学习方法。
The patient told the doctor his history of illness in detail.
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病人详细的向医生讲述了他的病史。
117.in difficulty 处于困境
I'm in difficulty over paying my rent. 我付不起房租了。
Whenever I am in difficulties, I turn to him for help.
我一陷入困境就向他寻求援助。
118.in effect 事实上，实际上
The two methods are in effect identical. 事实上，这两种方法相同。These rules continue in effect. 这些制度仍然有效。
119.in fact 事实上，总之
In fact, I am at a loss as to what to do. 事实上，我茫然失措。
In fact, I can do nothing for you. 事实上，我帮不了你什么忙。
120.in future 从今以后，未来
In future be careful not to make the same mistake again.
从今以后，注意别再犯同样的错误。
In future, I will do better than that. 今后，我会做得更好。
121.in general 一般来说，总之
In general, the climate hers is mild. 一般说来，这儿的气候温和。
In general, my reaction is favorable. 大体上，我的反应是好的。
122.in honor of 为庆贺，为纪念
The ceremony was held in honor of his anniversary.
典礼是为纪念他的周年而举行的。
A dinner was held in honor of his safe arrival. 为庆祝他的平安达到，举行了宴会。123.in name 名义上的，有名无实的。
He is a scholar in name but not in fact. 有是个有名无实的学者。
He is an actor in name only; he paints pictures all day.
他当演员只是有挂名，他整天都在画画。
124.in order to 为了，以使
He ran in order to catch the bus. 他跑着赶车。
Let's walk faster in order to keep warm. 我们走快些让身子暖和起来。
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125.in other words 换言之，也就是说
In other words, she doesn't intend to go. 也就是说，她不想去。
In other words, much thinking yields wisdom. 换句话说，多想出智慧。
126.in particular 特别，尤其
I have nothing in particular to add to what he said.
就他说过的话，我没有什么特别添加的。
My little brother is interested in stories in general, and in detective stories in particular.
我的小弟弟对多数小说感兴趣，尤其对侦探小说。
127.in person 亲自，本人
I can't attend the meeting in person. 我本人不能出席会议了。
You' better go and ask him in person. 你最好亲自去问他。
128.in/with regard to 关于，涉及
In regard to the weather tomorrow, it's going to rain. 关于明天的天气，要下雨了。In regard to the test tomorrow, it is postponed. 关于明天的测验，已经延期了。129.in return 作为回报
In return for his many years of hard work, he got promoted.
他的数年的辛勤的工作得到了回报，他升职了。
He is entitled to a holiday in return for his many years of work at this company.
他在这家公司工作了多年，理应享受一次休假。
130.in short 简单地说，总之
In short, we must be prepared. 总之，我们必须准备妥当。
The man, in short, cannot be trusted. 总之，这个人不值得信赖。
131.in spite of 不顾，尽管
They went out in spite of the rain. 尽管下雨，他们还是出去了。
In spite of all their differences, Joan and Ann remained friends.
尽管琼与安截然不同，他们却是好朋友。
132.in terms of 从……角度，在……方面
In terms of population, China is a large country. 从人口角度说，中国是个大国。
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In terms of stellar distances a journey from the earth to the moon would appear very short.
从星际距离的角度来说，从地球到月球的路程是很短的。
133.in that 因为
I prefer studying in library in that it is quieter. 我喜欢在图书馆学习因为那更安静。Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to correct our mistakes.
批评与自我批评很必要因为它有助于我们改正错误。
134.in the distance 在远处
We saw a light in the distance. 我们看到远处有灯光。
I made out three figures moving in the distance.
我隐约看见远处有三个移动的人影。
135.in the end 最后，终于
He tried many ways to solve the problem. In the end, he made it.
他试了许多办法解决问题，最后他终于成功了。
All will come right in the end. 最后一切都会好。
136.in the long run 最终，从长远考虑
It pays to buy goods of high quality in the long run.
从长远来看，买质量好的商品划算。
Real ability will win in the long run. 真正的才能最终会使人获得成功。
137.in time 及时，最后
A stitch in time saves nine. 及时一针省九针
It will become crystal clear to you in time .你迟早会清楚的。
138.in turn 依次，轮流，反过来
Each of you must speak in turn. 你们每个人必须依次发言。
The boys were summoned in turn to see the examiner. 男孩们依次被召见那位考官。
139.incline to 倾向于
I incline to your suggestion.
我倾向于你的建议。
The leaders are inclined to approve of this proposal.
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The leaders are inclined to approve of this proposal.
领导们倾向于批准这个建议。
140.independent of 于，独立于
He is independent of his teachers in thought. 他在思想上独立于他的老师。
The job made her independent of her husband. 这工作让她独立于她的丈夫。141.indifferent to/toward 对……不关心
她对别人对她的态度不以为然。
探险家把探险的艰苦与危险置之度外。
142.inferior to 次于，比……差
The cloth is inferior to real silk. 这纺织物比真丝差。
Foreign mutton is inferior to home-grown mutton in flavor.
进口的羊肉比国内的味道差。
143.influence on/upon对……的影响
Philosophy has a great influence on people's ideology.
哲学对人的思想影响很大。
Many a woman has had a civilizing influence upon her husband.
许多妇女对丈夫有感化力。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a25077900.html,rm of 告诉，通知
We should be informed of the latest information. 我们应该知道最新近的信息。Did you inform them of the progress of the work? 你通知他们了工作的进展了吗？145.insits on/upon坚持
He insisted on going with me. 他坚持与我同去。
He insisted on his innocence. 他坚持自己无罪。
146.invest in 投资于，花时间于
He invested in insurance. 他投资于保险业。
Everyone should invest some time in community service.
每个人都应花时间做社区工人
147.involve in 卷入，陷入
They are deeply involved in this scandal. 他们深深地卷入丑闻之中。
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Don't involve yourself in unnecessary expense. 不要乱钱。
J
148.join in 参加，加入
Students join in the school activities actively. 学生们积极参加学校活动。
He took off the coat and joined in the work. 他脱掉上衣加入到工作中去。149.just now 眼下，目前，刚才，不久前
He left just now. 他刚离开。
He is learning painting from a well-known artist just now.
他现在正跟一个著名的画学家绘画。
K
150.keep an aye on 留意，照看
Keep an eye on the child while I am out. 我出去时麻烦照看一下这孩子。Please keep an eye on my flowers in my absence. 我不在时帮我照看一下花。151.keep one's word 遵守诺言
He always keeps his word. 他总是遵守诺言。
We must keep our word even if we should lose by it .
即使守信吃亏，我们也必须遵守。
152.keep pace with 与……齐头并进，与……并加齐驱
You must read the papers to keep pace with the times. 你必须阅读报纸来跟上时代。
His mental development kept up with the growth of his body.
他的智力发展与他的体格并头并进。
153.know about/of 听说，了解
I know of him, but I've never met him.
我听说过他，但从未见过他。
I didn't know about her father's death until last week.
直到上周我才得知她父亲去世的消息。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a25077900.html,ugh at 因……而笑，嘲笑
We laughed at that funny-looking dog. 我们看到那长得有趣的狗都笑了。They all laughed at the joke. 他们听了笑话后都笑了。
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155.lead to 引起，导致
These words lead to misunderstanding. 这些话引起误解。
All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
156.learn from向……学习，从……学习
We learnt a lot from that teacher. 我们从那位老师那儿学到了许多。
We learn form life. 我们从生活中得到知识。
157.learn about/of 听说，获悉
I learnt of his death in the newspaper. 我从报上得知了的死讯。
His mother learned of her son's success from the newspaper.
他的母亲从报纸上得知她儿子成功的消息。
158.leave for 动身到
He left for Shanghai yesterday. 他昨天动身去了上海。
He left for seeking new experience. 他去寻求新的经历去了。
159.lie in 在于
The secret of good golf lies in the wrist action. 高尔夫的秘诀在于腕部的动作。Success lies in diligence. 成功在于勤奋。
160.little by little 逐渐
Little by little, he learnt to write Chinese characters. 渐渐地，他学会了写汉字。The infant crawled little by little. 这个婴儿一点点地向前爬。
161.lvie on以……为生
He lives on pension. 他靠养老金为生。
It must be very hard to live on such a low salary.
靠这样的低工资维持生计必定很艰难。
162.long for 渴望，极想
Children long for holidays. 孩子们都盼望着假期。
People all over the world long for peace. 全世界人民渴望和平。
163.look after 照顾，照看
Look after your own affairs and don't interfere in mine. 少管闲事。
I looked after her child in her absence. 她不在家时，我照看她的孩子。
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164.look down on/upon轻视，看不起
His views are looked down on by his fellow students. 他的观点被他的同学们轻视。He looks down upon people like that. 他看不起那种人。
165.look for 寻找，期待
She is looking for her lost dog. 她在找她丢失的狗。
He spent days looking for a job.他花了数日找工作。
166.look forward to 期待，预期
People are looking forward to a new era. 人们期待着新世纪的来临。
I am looking forward to seeing you again. 我盼望再次见到你。
167.look into 调查，观察
The manager promised to look into my complaint. 经理承诺调查我的投诉。
The police are looking into the matter thoroughly. 警察在彻夜调我的投诉。
168.look through 浏览，温习
Look through the questions before you answer them. 先浏览一下问题再回答。
He looked through the catalogue, but did not find the book he wanted.
他把目录翻看了一下，没发现他要的那本书。
M
169.make a/the difference 有关系，很重要
Forests make a difference to the environment. 森林对环境意义重大。
Your help will make a difference to my son. 你的帮助对我儿子意义重大。
170.make sure/certain 弄明白，确定
I'll phone him to make sure he has been notified.
我会给他打电话确定他已被通知到了。
Make sure that you bring the books you promised to lend me.
一定要把答应__________借给我的书带着。
171.make the best/most of 充分利用
We must make the best of this opportunity. 我们必须尽是利用这次机会。
We must learn to make the best of a bad job.
我们要学会在不利的情况下尽量减少损失。
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172.make up one's mind 决定，下决心
She couldn't make up her mind ad to which book to buy. 她决定不了买哪本书。Once you make up your mind, do not stop trying. 一旦下定习心，就不要停止努力。173.make use of 利用，使用
Students can make use of the school library. 学生可以利用学校的图书馆。
Make use of your time when you are young. 趁年累要充分利用时间。
174.match with 与……符合，与……相配
The song matches with my mood. 这歌符合我的心境。
This tie matched with this suit. 这条依赖与这套西服配套。
175.may/might as well 还不如，不妨
2015年武汉大学线性代数考研真题
2015年线性代数 一、 ①证明?? ????-C B C A A 可逆的充要条件是AB 可逆 ②若??????-C B C A A 可逆，求出?? ????-C B C A A 的逆。 二、r b A r A r b ==≠),()(,0，b Ax =的所有解集合为S,证明： ①S 中包含1+-r n 个线性无关的向量121,...,+-r n ηηη。 ②ξ是S 中元素充要条件是存在)1...,2,1(,+-=r n i k i ， 111=∑+-=r n i i k ，使得 ∑+-==1 1r n i i i k ηξ 三、已知A 为实正交矩阵，det(A)=1,证明存在正交矩阵P ，使得 21cos ,cos sin 0sin cos 00 01 332211'-++=??????????-=a a a AP P θθθθθ 其中。 四、以下有关矩阵秩的命题在数域F 上判断正误，如正确请说明理由，如不正确请举例说明。 （1）、若)()(B r A r =，则()()* *B r A r = （2）、若())(B r AB r =，则)()(BC r ABC r = （3）、)()('AA r A r = （4）、若一个对称矩阵的秩为r ，则有一个非0 的r 阶主子式。 五、A 是n 阶实对称矩阵，其正负惯性指数分别是q p ,， AX X x f ')(=，记{} n f R x x f x N ∈==,0)(|，证明： （1）、包含于f N 的线性空间维数至多是),max(q p n - （2）、若w 是n R 的一个线性子空间，将二次型限定w 在中，得到的正负惯性指数分别是p1,q1，则有q q p p ≤≤11,。
武汉大学计算机等设备采购项目
XX大学计算机等设备采购项目 邀标书 XX大学拟采购台式计算机等设备一批，为对供应商提供平等竞争机会，现将采购设备的技术要求（详见附件）列出，向各有关供应商公开招标采购。 一、需提供技术服务及相关资料如下： 1、公司简介（应包含主要的产品用户）； 2、公司营业执照、法定代表人XX复印件及有关资信证明； 3、提供产品生产许可证或代理销售资质及其它有关资质证明复印件（交标书时携带相关资质原件）； 4、售后服务及供货时间承诺。 二、时间及地点 1、投标截止时间：2008年12月26日上午8：30时，开标时间：2008年12月26日上午8：50时。 2、开标地点：XX大学采购与招投标管理中心会议室。 三、评标基本原则 定量和定性评价相结合。定量评价主要以投标报价为参考因素，定性评价主要以产品质量、公司业绩、售后服务承诺等为参考因素。 四、付款方式 设备验收合格后支付95％款。余额5％作为质保金三个月后支付。 五、其他注意事项 1、请各供应商严格按邀标书要求编写投标书（一式两份），其中报价单应经法定代表人签字、盖章，并请置于投标书醒目位置或者在目录中注明页码，以便于查询。 2、各供应商应对各附件中设备做出响应，列出每项设备的单价、数量和总金额以及必要的说明。 3、每一项目只提供一种方案，对于多方案者原则上只取第一方案。 4、标书须装袋密封。封口加盖公章。 联系人：许志强冯春普 联系：（027）68754516 68754597 技术负责人及联系：严冠湘；杨牧文；薛建华； XX大学采购与招投标管理中心 2008年12月18日
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三．有121,,,,s s αααα+ ，且1 ,1,,i i i s t i s βαα+=+= ， 证明如果12,,,s βββ 线性无关，则121,,,s ααα+ 必定线性无关.
四．线性空间V 定义的第(3),(4)条公理，即 (3)任意的V α∈，存在0V ∈，使00ααα+=+=； (4)任意的V α∈，存在V β∈，使0αββα+=+=. 证明他们的等价条件为：任意的,V αβ∈，存在x V ∈，使x αβ+=. 五．设()n sl F 是()M F 上,A B 矩阵满足AB BA -生成的子空间，证明
2dim(())1n sl F n =- . 六．设数域K 上的n 维线性V 到m 维线性上的所有线性映射组成空间(,')k Hom V V ，证明(1)(,')k Hom V V 是线性空间； (2)(,')k Hom V V 的维数为mn ． 七．已知013210 1010101n n n c c F c c c ----?? ?- ? ? = ?- ? ?- ? ?-? ? ， （１）求F 的的特征多项式()f x 与最小的项式()m x ； （２）求所有与F 可交换的矩阵．
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一、填空题 1．在单缝衍射中，设缝宽为a，光源波长为λ，透镜焦距为f ′，则其衍射暗条纹间距e暗= ___ ，条纹间距同时可称为。2．当保持入射光线的方向不变，而使平面镜转15°角，则反射光线将转动角。3．光线通过平行平板折射后出射光线方向___ ___ ,但会产生轴向位移量，当平面板厚度为d，折射率为n，则在近轴入射时，轴向位移量为_______ 。4．在光的衍射装置中，一般有光源、衍射屏、观察屏，则衍射按照它们距离不同可分为两类，一类为 ____ ，另一类为 _____ 。5．光轴是晶体中存在的特殊方向,当光在晶体中沿此方向传播时不产生 ________ 。n e 武汉大学数学与统计学院 2005－2006学年第一学期《线性代数》A 卷（供工科54学时用） 学院 专业 学号 姓名 注 所有答题均须有详细过程，内容必须写在答题纸上，凡写在其它地方一律无效。 一、计算题（每题5分，6题共30分）： 1．设111111111-?? ?=-- ? ?--?? A ，当 1 n 是不小于的整数时，计算n A . 2．设二阶方阵A 满足方程O I A A =+-232 ，求A 所有可能的特征值. 3．求二次型213232221321)()()(),,(x x x x x x x x x f ++-++=的秩. 4．已知阶矩阵 (2)n ≥，且非奇异，求** ()A . 5．设A 是三阶实对称矩阵，其对应的二次型的正负惯性指数均为1，且满足 0+==E A E A -， 计算A I 323+. 6. 设n 阶向量T x x )00(，，，， =α，矩阵T n I A αα-=,且T n x I A αα+=-1，求实数x . 二、解答题（3题共45分，每题15分） 1．设10102016A a ?? ? = ? ??? ，且()2R A =，满足 ，求a 和 . 2．已知2222 54245λλλ--?? ?=-- ? ?---??A ,121λ?? ? = ? ?--?? b ,就方程组=AX b 无解、有唯一解、有无穷多解诸情形，对λ值进行讨论，并在有无穷多解时，求出其通解. 3、设二次型222 123123122331(,,)222=++---f x x x x x x x x x x x x , (1).求出二次型f 的矩阵A 的全部特征值; (2).求可逆矩阵P ，使AP P 1 -成为对角阵; (3).计算m A (m 是正整数). 三、证明题和讨论题（2题共25分）： 1.（10分）设 是阶实方阵， (1).当为奇数且I AA T =及 时, 证明：0=-A I . (2).当 m 为给定任意正整数且O I A m =+)(时, 证明：A 可逆. 2.（15分）对线性空间3 R 中的向量组A ：123,,ααα和B ：123,,βββ,讨论下面的问题： (1).向量组B 是否能成为3 R 中的基？能否用A 线性表示B ？如果可以，试求出由123,,ααα到 123,,βββ的过渡矩阵P ,其中 1100α?? ?= ? ??? 2110α?? ?= ? ??? 3111α?? ?= ? ???；111β?? ?= ? ???a 2112β?? ?= ? ?-??a 3110β-?? ?= ? ??? ，且a 为实数. (2).若112321233123(22), (22), (22), βαααβαααβααα=+-=-+=--k k k k 是非零实数， （a ）给出向量组123,,βββ线性无关的一个充要条件，并证明之； 武汉大学计算机等设备采购项目 邀标书 武汉大学拟采购台式计算机等设备一批，为对供应商提供平等竞争机会，现将采购设备的技术要求（详见附件）列出，向各有关供应商公开招标采购。 一、需提供技术服务及相关资料如下： 1、公司简介（应包含主要的产品用户名单）； 2、公司营业执照、法定代表人身份证复印件及有关资信证明； 3、提供产品生产许可证或代理销售资质及其它有关资质证明复印件（交标书时携带相关资质原件）； 4、售后服务及供货时间承诺。 二、时间及地点 1、投标截止时间：2008年12 月26日上午8：30时，开标时间：2008 年12 月26日上午8：50时。 2、开标地点：武汉大学采购与招投标管理中心会议室。 三、评标基本原则 定量和定性评价相结合。定量评价主要以投标报价为参考因素，定性评价主要以产品质量、公司业绩、售后服务承诺等为参考因素。 四、付款方式 设备验收合格后支付95％款。余额5％作为质保金三个月后支付。 五、其他注意事项 1、请各供应商严格按邀标书要求编写投标书（一式两份），其中报价单应经法定代表人签字、盖章，并请置于投标书醒目位置或者在目录中注明页码，以便于查询。 2、各供应商应对各附件中设备做出响应，列出每项设备的单价、数量和总金额以及必要的说明。 3、每一项目只提供一种方案，对于多方案者原则上只取第一方案。 4、标书须装袋密封。封口加盖公章。联系人：许志强冯春普技术负责人及联系电话：严冠湘；杨牧文；武汉大学采购与招投标管理中心 2008 年12 月18 日 附件一： 信息管理学院计算机设备购置参考指标 99 台进口品牌计算机主要技术、性能参数 主频 IntelQ43Express 芯片组 Keys to Paper A (1---65 题每题一分，客观题共65分) 1-10 B D A C B C C D A B 11-20 A B D A C A D C B D 21-30 B D C A B D C A C B 31-45 D A D A B D C A C B C D C A B 46-55 A D C A B A C C D D 56-65 A C D B D A B C C D Part IV 汉译英（评分给正分，每小题都需打分，精确到0.5分） 1. China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses. (2分) 2. An investigation indicates that non-smoking women living in a smoking family environment for 40 years or still longer will have double risk of developing lung cancer. （2分） 3. In our times, anyone who wants to play an important role in a society as he wishes must receive necessary education. With the development of science, more courses are offered in primary schools and middle schools. Compared with the education in the past, modern education places more stress on practicality. (3 分) 英译汉（评分给正分，每小题都需打分，精确到0.5分） 4. 程式化思维是人们交流的绊脚石，因为它有碍于人们对事物的客观观察。客观观察指人 们敏感地搜寻线索，引导自己的想象更接近他人的现实。（2分） 5. 当经济学家最初探讨经济发展的原因时，他们发现：人们一直认为无法解释的剩余因素是人力资本。人力资本，即人口的技能，是造成各国生产力差距以及地位不平等的一个重要因素。（3分） 6. 下文从解决妇女贫困问题的角度出发，探讨两性平等、减轻贫困和环境的可持续性诸目的之间的协同作用，涉及能源短缺、水资源缺乏、健康、气候变化、自然灾害，以及授予妇女在农业、林业、生态多元化管理领域中的权力使之创造可持续的生存方式等问题。（3分） Part V Summary （20分） 评分标准：主要看考生是否了解概要写作的方法以及能否用恰当的语言来表达。概要一定要客观简洁地表达原文的主要内容，不需要评论，不能照抄原文。具体给分标准为：（1）内容和形式都达标，仅有一二处小错：18-19分。（2）内容缺少一到三点，形式错误不过三处：16-17分。（3）内容欠缺较多，形式错误有五六处：14-15分。（4）内容欠缺较多，形式错误有十来处：12-13分。 Science and Humanity The twentieth century has made greater change to the world, which was brought by the progress in science, than any previous century. Unfortunately, not all these changes did good to the human society. Some of them have done serious damage to mankind and have been even predicted to destroy the whole world someday if out of control. In fact, mankind is not biologically programmed for violent behaviors like war. People are faced with a dilemma in which we would like to see science develop freely, but cannot afford the result of that. It is a 我报的是武汉大学电子与通信工程专业，考研断断续续总共复习了一个半月吧，我属于那种基础比较好的学生，所以也没有花太多的时间去准备。 1、关于择校和定专业 （1）之所以选择武汉大学电子与通信工程可能是因为直系学姐还有学校名气挺好的，电子与通信工程专业就业方向还是很好的，工资较高，大多数都去了大型互联网公司做软件开发或者算法。 （2）武汉大学电子与通信工程专业我们总共收37个全日制研究生，因为我们今年数学题目相比较过往较为简单，普遍分数不低，基本上都需要400分以上才有机会（最终录取的），总体来说武汉大学这个专业分数还是比较高的，毕竟是热门专业，然后又有武汉大学这个牌子，但是武汉大学专业课不难，下面会有介绍。 2、初试经验 (1)数学：最重要的课还是数学这门课吧，因为我本身数学基础比较好，本来是可以保研的，专业第六，后来因为玩游戏玩的导致没保研，我复习数学这门课的时候没有去看视频，就是自己对着李永乐那套复习资料复习的，对于基础不是很好的同学，建议先去看一下视频，再看书上的知识点，再做题；我做所有的题目都是这样的，先把前面的基础知识看一遍，把高等数学线性代数概率论与数理统计（虽然考数二，但是我还是把概率论与数理统计的习题也做了）上面的公式对照着书自己推了一部分，然后就做这部分的习题，例题我也自己做，不看答案，确实是自己每道题做出来很难，我也错了很多，我不喜欢看答案，我把这部分所有的题目做完了然后去看答案，把所有错的题都用红笔改出来，做上标记，自己再做一遍，后面的再复习也方便检查。我复习数学主要就做了李永乐的书，没做张宇的，我11月份的时候还不知道张宇是谁，后来说张宇八套卷我才知道的。我觉得考研复习最重要的是专注，很多同学从三月份就开始复习，但是在自习室根本没有保证效率，专注学习保证效率是最重要的，我大一大二上晚自习都克制自己不带手机或者带了把手机关机，如果保证不了效率的话，你们也可以尝试考研的时候这么做。 （2）英语：我买了新东方英语考研词汇，我每天上午背一个小时，然后一直做数 学，晚上再背一段时间，过一段时间复习一次，把所有不会的单词我都圈出来，然后以后再重新背的时候只背那些单词，不断的重复复习。英语我主要背的单词，然后也有做了几套真题和阅读题目，阅读理解不会的单词也圈出来背过，作文推荐《写作高分必备》，里面有很多作文模板，把里面的作文每一个模块都背那么一两篇，虽然我没背，所以最后英语考的很烂，强烈建议同学们背过。 （3）政治：政治我用的肖秀荣的书，同学们应该都知道，然后也是先看前面的知 识点，把重要的知识点圈出来，然后去做题不要看书,就自己做，做完对答案，所有错的也是用红笔圈出来，改正，做记忆，政治没有必要花费很长时间，如果你时间很充足，很早就开始复习了，那是可以的，晚上回宿舍上床之后，我就看肖秀荣的视频，每天看一些，因为政治这种视频最好还是不要放在自习的时候看，晚上回去之后看一下就可以，最重要的是政治四套卷，最后的12月份出的政治四套卷必须要背过，背的很熟才行，因为最后的题目很多跟这个是差不多的。 （4）专业课：信号与系统（936）是用的郑君里的书，前期肯定是要先看书，把 English Homework for Chapter 1 1.In ancient times the rectilinear propagation of light was used to measure the height of objects by comparing the length of their shadows with the length of the shadow of an object of known length. A staff 2m long when held erect casts a shadow 3.4m long, while a building’s shadow is 170m long. How tall is the building? Solution. According to the law of rectilinear propagation, we get, x=100 (m) So the building is 100m tall. 2.Light from a water medium with n=1.33 is incident upon a water-glass interface at an angle of 45o. The glass index is 1.50. What angle does the light make with the normal in the glass? Solution. According to the law of refraction, We get, So the light make 38.8o with the normal in the glass. 3. A goldfish swims 10cm from the side of a spherical bowl of water of radius 20cm. Where does the fish appear to be? Does it appear larger or smaller? Solution. According to the equation. and n ’=1 , n=1.33, r=-20 we can get So the fish appears larger. 4.32170= x ''sin sin I n I n =626968 .05.145sin 33.1sin =?=' I 8.38='I r n n l n l n -'=-''11416.110133 .15836.8)(5836.81165.02033.01033.11>-=??-=''= -='∴-=--+-=-'+='l n l n cm l r n n l n l β n A 备用试题 武汉大学数学与统计学院2002-2003学年第2学期 《线性代数》试题 (工科54学时) 姓名 学号 班号 专业 成绩 说明：一共九道题目，第一至第四题每题10分，第五至第九题每题12分。 一、设四阶行列式D = 1 0370121 34031 2 2 1 －－－－ 1）、求D 的代数余子式A 12； 2）、求A 11－2A 12＋2A 13－A 14 。 二、求满足A 2＝A 的一切二阶矩阵。 三、设A ＝ 111212122212 ...................... n n n n n n a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a b ????? ???? ? ? ?????? ，（0 ,1,2,...,i j a b i j n ≠=，），求()R A 四、已知向量组1α，2α，3α线性无关，令1123βααα=-+，21232βααα=++， 312323βααα=-+，讨论向量组123, , βββ的线性相关性。 五、设线性方程组为 2 3112131 23 1222322 31323 3323 1 42434 x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a ?++=? ++=?? ++=??++=? ， 1) 如果1234, , , a a a a 两两不相等，问所给方程组是否有解？ 2) 如果1324, (0)a a k a a k k ==-≠＝＝，且已知12ββ，是该方程组的两个特解，其中： T T 12(1, 1, 1)(1, 1, 1)ββ==-－，，试写出此方程组的通解。 六、设三阶方阵A 的三个特征值为1,0,1321-=λ=λ=λ，A 的属于321,,λλλ的特征向量依次为 ???? ? ??=????? ??=????? ??=520,210,002321ααα， 求方阵A 。 七、已知二次型123(, , )f x x x ＝22 2312132343448x x x x x x x x -+-+ 1) 写出二次型f 的矩阵A ； 2）用正交变换把二次型f 化为标准型。 八、证明三个平面123:, :, :x cy bz y az cx z bx ay πππ=+=+=+相交于一直线的充要条件为 2 2 2 21a b c abc +++= 九、给定3R 的基?????===.)1,1,1(,)0,1,2(,)1,0,1(3 21ξξξ 和 ??? ??--=-=-=). 1,1,2(,)1,2,2(,)1,2,1(321ηηη若定义线性变换)3,2,1(,)(==T i i i ηξ, 试求： 1）求由基321,,ξξξ到基321,,ηηη的过渡矩阵X ； 2）求T 关于基321,,ξξξ的变换矩阵A 。 Oral Test (Band 1) For Grade 2012 (2012, 12 ) Topic 1: Love from Parents Directions: Some people say that motherly love is unconditional, while fatherly love is conditional. Create a conversation with your partner(s) and exchange your opinion on love from your parents respectively. Topic 2: Winning In the World Directions: Have a discussion with your partner(s) about winners in your eyes. What do you think are the most important factors that contribute to one’s success? Offer your reasons. Topic 3:A Phone Call-Making a Hotel Reservation Directions: Suppose you are a hotel receptionist and your partner is a customer who calls to make a hotel reservation. Make a conversation with your partner and get some information necessary about him/her, such as name, single or double room he/she wants, the number of nights and dates. Meanwhile, offer some information about the hotel, such as its location, price and service, etc. Topic 4: Dreams Directions: Everyone dreams. How often do you dream, and what sort of dream do you usually have? Do you believe in dreams’ function of predicting? What are the possible causes of dream? Talk with your partner(s) about these issues concerning dream. Topic 5: Dream Your Own Dream Directions: Making a dream is very common in our daily lives. What dream do you have? What will you do to realize your dream? Topic 6: Psychology in Daily Life Directions: Do you think a placebo may help a patient get well? Discuss with your partner(s) about the reasons for placeboes’ helping to he al the patients and how to make good use of psychology in daily life. Topic 7: Talking about Schedule Directions: You are to invite your partner to play badminton, but he/she is busy at the moment. Create a conversation with your partner by exchanging your information on daily schedule and deciding on a date for fun. Topic 8：Self-introduction Directions: Suppose this is your first day in class. You and your partner are getting to know each. Make a conversation by exchanging your information such as name, hometown, department, major, personalities, telephone numbers etc. Topic 9: Choosing a Job Directions: You and your partner(s) are talking about choosing a job. Exchange your opinion on the ideal job in your minds and the factors you will take into consideration when choosing a job.武汉大学2005-2006线性代数试题(工科54学时)
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武汉大学2002-2003线性代数试题(54工)
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