公共部门经济学双语复习题及答案概要
《公共经济学》(本科)题库及答案
《公共经济学》题库及答案一、单项选择题1公共部门最主要的成员是（）。
A公共企业B政府C非营利性经济组织D民间社会团体2投票悖论现象发生的必要条件是（）。
A单峰定律B多峰定律C中间投票人定律D阿罗不可能定律3最优所得税理论认为，高收入者的边际税率应该（）。
A等于零B等于1 C大于零小于1 D趋近于14 1992年起，中国的国家预算编制开始采用（）。
A单式预算B复式预算C零基预算D增量预算5长期公债的债务期限是指（）。
A5年以上B10年以上C15年以上D20年以上6瓦格纳法则认为，随着人民实际收入的提高，公共支出占GDP的比例（）。
A提高B降低C不变D先提高，后降低7下列不属于财政的购买性支出的内容是（）。
A行政支出B投资支出C税式支出D文教科卫支出8一般认为，存在超额负担的税种是（）。
A总额税B所得税C财产税D商品税9中国对增值税无法课征的某些劳务、转让无形资产和销售不动产经营行为课征（）。
A消费税B营业税C关税D商品税10中国目前大多数公债实行（）。
A抽签偿还法B买销法C比例偿还法D一次偿还法二、多项选择题1下列属于购买性支出的有（）。
A行政支出B国防支出C社会保障支出D投资性支出E文教科卫支出2税收的三性是指（）。
A固定性B强制性C无偿性D社会性E对等性3以税收的征税对象为标准的税收分类内容有（）。
A直接税B间接税C流转税D所得税E财产税4下列属于经济性基础设施的有（）。
A电力B机场C市内交通D自来水E固体废弃物的收集和处理5 基于市场的解决环境污染的政府规制方法有（）。
A排污收费制度B立法C削减市场壁垒D降低政府补贴E可交易的许可证制度6公共部门的经济作用体现在（）。
7以税收负担是否容易转嫁为标准可以将税收分为（）。
A流转税B所得税C财产税D直接税E间接税8财政补贴是各国政府管理与调节社会经济的重要工具，其补贴种类有（）。
A价格补贴B企业亏损补贴C债务利息支出D财政贴息E税式支出9所得税的特点体现在（）。
《公共部门经济学》课后练习题答案(1)
7
权必
公共物品
版
版 （3） 由生产可能性曲线图可知，私人物品的最大产量是 12，公共物品的最大产量是 6；
很明显，由生产可能曲线图可知，5 单位公共物品和 1 单位私人物品的产品组合位于生产可 能性曲线下，因而该经济可以生产出 5 单位的公共物品和 1 单位的私人物品。
（4） 我们知道在无差异曲线和生产可能性曲线的切点，效用最大化，此时边际转换率等
权 必 样的机票付出不同的代价，很显然，不同乘客之间的边际替代率并不一致，也即是说他们之 间仍有交换的空间。因而对乘坐同一航班的不同乘客收取不同的票价不会有交换效率。
2.医生经常根据对病人支付能力的判断，收取不同的费用。这对交换
版 版 效率意味着什么？ （1） 医生对不同病人收取不同费用并没有使一些人的境况变差，反而使所有人的境况变 翻好，因为病人的病都得到了治疗； （2） 医生对不同病人收取不同费用说明不同病人为了获得同一的医疗服务说付出的代 价并不一致，即不同支付能力的病人的边际替代率不一样，那么他们之间就有交换空间；
究
权 必 4.解释为什么只对公司使用的资本课税会干预经济的生产效率（比较
公司和非公司企业之间的边际技术替代率）。
版 版 （1） 生产效率要求，在资源集合既定的情况下，经济如果不减少其他种商品的产量，就
不能增加一种商品的产量。如果只对公司使用的资本课税，而不对非公司企业使用的资本课
税，那么非公司企业可用于生产的资本就会相对较多，换言之，一种商品的产量将会在不减
如果只对公司使用的资本课税而不对非公司企业使用的资本课税那么非公司企业可用于生产的资本就会相对较多换言之一种商品的产量将会在不减少其他种商品产量的情况下得到增加这显然是不符合生产效率的要求的
公共经济学复习题答案(定稿)
《公共经济学》期末考试一、简答题1、公共经济学与财政学相比，研究得重点发生了那些转向？３答:公共经济学已经从财政学所主要研究得政府收支问题转向更加注重研究这种收支活动得经济影响;转向分析公共部门经济活动得合理性与绩效水平;转向对各种类型得公共政策进行评价。
2、简述市场失灵得主要表现。
28——34答:市场失灵主要表现在以下方面:第一,资源配置失效。
资源配置失效就是由垄断形成得不完全竞争、外部效应、公共产品得存在、市场不完全、不充分与不对称、偏好不合理造成得。
第二,收入分配不公。
第三,宏观经济波动。
3、简述外部效应得含义、如何纠正外部效应?29——30答:外部效应,就是指某个人或某个企业得行为对她人或企业产生了影响,而受影响者没有因受损害而得到补偿,或没有因获得利益而付费得现象。
外部效应分为正得外部效应与负得外部效应。
纠正外部效应一就是根据科斯定律通过重新分配产权由私人交易自行解决;二就是进行组织重构，合并与外部效应影响有关得企业；三就是使用矫正性得税收(收费)政策与补贴政策。
4、纯公共产品得基本特征就是什么?47答：纯公共产品得基本特征可以归结为两点:一就是供给上得非排她性,即受排她成本或技术原因得限制,它很难排除“免费搭车”得问题;二就是消费上得非竞争性，即增加人消费这一产品并未相应增加其边际成本。
5、财政支出划分为购买性支出与转移性支出得经济分析意义就是什么?90答:第一,购买性支出对社会生产与就业有直接影响，对收入分配只有间接影响。
转移性支出则恰好相反。
第二，购买性支出体现出得政府活动对政府形成较强得效益约束,转移性支出对政府得效益约束相对较软。
第三,购买性支出对微观经济主体得预算约束较强，转移性支出对微观经济主体得预算约束较软。
在公共支出总额中,购买性支出所占比重大些，政府活动对生产与就业得直接影响就大些,通过公共支出所配置得资源规模就大些;反之,转移性支出所占得比重大些,政府活动对收入分配得直接影响就大些。
公共经济学（期末复习版）
公共经济学（期末复习版）公共经济学第一章导论主要内容:第一节学科概述第二节公共经济学与相关学科的关系第三节公共经济学在中国的发展第一节公共经济学概述一、公共经济学的定义与特征（一）公共经济学的定义公共经济学就是专门研究政府经济行为的规律的科学，它是经济学的分支学科，是论述各级政府部门和公共组织的存在意义和行为，回答政府需要做什么以及应该怎么做的学科。
（二）公共经济学的特征1、公共经济学是主要研究政府及其行为的学科。
2、公共经济学是以经济学的方法来研究公共经济行为。
3、公共经济学更加注重对实际问题的研究。
二、政府与基本的经济问题1、生产什么?（1）主体的选择不同，政府内部的经济主体有三类：非市场主体部门、市场主体部门、准市场主体部门.（2）不同产品的选择不同：政府生产的产品有公共物品、准公共物品、市场产品.2、如何生产?(1)选择生产主体;(2)选择生产技术.3、为谁生产?这其实是一个有关公共产出的利益分配问题。
三、公共经济学的发展（一）财政学是公共经济学的起点1、重商主义的公共财政思想。
2、重农学派的财政思想。
3、古典学派的公共财政思想资料（1）重商主义的基本经济理论是：货币是国家财富的唯一形态；对外贸易是增加货币的源泉；政府活动的目的应是如何发展对外贸易以增加财富。
重商主义的发展，经历了早期和晚期两个阶段。
早期重商主义者，主张实行高关税率限制商品进口，防止金银外流，保护本国对外贸易，促进国内商品生产和交换的发展。
晚期重商主义者，主张发展工业，扩大商品出口，限制商品进口，通过贸易顺差换回大量金银货币。
资料（2）重农学派产生于18世纪下半叶的法国，其先驱者和主要代表人物是法国的F·魁奈、杜尔哥。
17世纪下半叶到18世纪的法国，由于封建王朝实行重商主义政策，农业极度衰落，税制紊乱，苛捐杂税名目繁多，人民负担沉重，法国的财政经济面临严重的危机。
重农学派认为，社会财富的真正源泉是农业，要财源茂盛，增加财政税收收入，必须发展农业，从而将其研究重心从流通领域转向生产领域，提出了重农主义的经济理论体系。
公共经济学复习思考题参考答案全套大学期末复习资料
《公共经济学》复习思考题参考答案第一章 政府的经济活动一、重要概念1. 社会生产可能性曲线(social production possibility curve)在某一既定的时点上，全社会可利用的无论是在数量上还是在质量上都有限的土地、劳动和资本资源得到充分利用时所能生产出来的私人物品和公共物品的各种组合。
社会生产可能性曲线的位置越高，该社会的生产潜能越大，因为该社会的生产性资源的质量越高，数量越大。
2. 社会无差异曲线(social indifference curve)是一个表明私人物品和公共物品的不同数量组合对于社会成员没有差异的曲线图。
换言之，在每条曲线上，这两种物品的所有不同数量组合所产生的福利水平或效用水平都相同。
位置越高的社会无差异曲线，代表的社会福利水平越高，因为被消费的总产出越大。
3. 帕累托最优(Pareto optimal)政府的某一种活动或某一项政策变化如果不使其他人的境况变坏，就没有人的境况变好的状态，表明的是一种社会状态。
4. 帕累托改进(Pareto improvement)政府的某一种活动或某一项政策变化至少使一个人的境况变好而没有人的境况变坏的状态，是对两种可能的社会状态进行比较。
5. 社会福利函数(social welfare function)是把整个社会的福利（W ）与个人的福利联系在一起的函数，是社会所有个人（H ）的福利或效用水平（U ）的增函数。
最常见的社会福利函数形式可表述为：H U U U f W ,,,(21 ）二、重要问题1. 政府部门与私人部门有哪些差异？（1）政府拥有强制权力。
政府可以强迫人们去做某些事情，而私人机构只能在自愿协议的基础上让人们去做某些事情。
政府的强制权力突出表现为征税权和管制权。
正因为政府具有这种强制权力，人民代表大会和人民代表就要对其行为加以约束。
（2）政府部门的主要决策者是民选的。
有关支出、管制和征税的政府决策是由成年人选举的政治家做出的或由政治家任命的政府官员做出的。
公共部门经济学复习题
公共部门经济学复习题
一、名词解释
1．循环投票
2．公共经济学
3．社区
4．直接民主制
5．投票交易
6．混合产品
7．俱乐部产品
8．搭便车
9．利益的外溢性
10．公共的悲剧
11．转移性支出
12．公共选择理论
13．私人管理公司
14．公共收入
15．关键人物
16．间接民主制
17．公共中间品
18．公债的“挤出效应”
二、简答题
1．简述外部性的本质与特征？
2．从追求的目的看，唐斯把政治家分为几类？分别介绍一下3．Desition，具有什么特征？这一特征使得政府具有哪些优势？4．私人提供公共产品所需条件?
5．政府无意创租的特征及其原因?
6．传统社会中，为什么政府是公共经济的唯一主体？
7．请解释公共产品的非排他性？
8．公共选择与私人选择的区别
9．请解释公共产品的非竞争性？
10．谈谈全体一致原则的特点？
11．私人产品与公共产品的有效定价原则各是什么？
12．寻租的社会成本是什么？
13．投票经济人的选择行为涉及哪几个方面？
14．公共支出总量的构成因素有哪些？
15．什么是全体一致规则？实行全体一致原则的理由？
16．投票交易的前提及存在的问题?
三、论述题
1．庇古有关公共产品供给的基本观点及其评价
2．私人管理公司的特点？主要形式及其评价
3．马斯格雷夫有关公共支出增长的经济发展理论。
4．谈谈税收存在的原因及特征
5．唐斯的“理性无知”模型是如何解释投票人行为与投票动机的6．谈谈关于公共支出的增长的恩格尔定律及其启示？
7．公共经济视角下的政府特征。
公共经济学试题库答案
公共经济学题库答案〔简答题和辨析题答案〕一、简答题1、公共部门的经济作用表现在哪些方面？〔35〕根据市场失效的状况，公共部门的经济作用表现在资源配置、收入分配和经济稳定三个方面。
2、什么是外部性？公共部门在促进外部性问题的解决上，可以采取哪些措施？〔38〕外部性，是指*个人或*个企业的行为对他人或企业产生了影响，而受影响者没有因受损害而得到补偿，或没有因获得利益而付费的现象。
外部性分为正的外部性和负的外部性。
公共部门在促进外部性问题的解决上，可以采取的措施有三个方面：第一，对带来外部本钱的一方征税，即"庇古税〞使得其边际私人本钱加上庇古税等于边际社会本钱；第二，补助带来外部收益的一方，使得其边际私人收益等于边际社会收益；第三，对负外部性行为进展规制。
3、简述帕累托效率的含义。
〔23〕帕累托效率是意大利经济学家帕累托提出的，是指如果一种变动至少使一个社会成员福利增加，而不使一个成员福利下降，这种变动就是有效率的；一个有效率的经济是不存在上述变动的经济，或是满足上述条件的变动都已经发生了的经济4、什么是逆向选择和道德风险？〔33〕逆向选择是因为信息的事前不对称引起的，即在签订合同或从事交易之前就存在着信息不对称，*些特征被隐瞒，所导致的相关经济主体作出的与交易另一方期望截然相反的选择。
道德风险是在合同签订之后才发生的，它所对应的是隐藏行为，即在合同签订之后的不可观察的行为，这些行为同样是合同另一方所不愿看到的本来可以防止的行为。
5、纯公共产品的根本特征是什么？〔28〕纯公共产品的根本特征可以归结为两点：一是供应上的非排他性，即受排他本钱或技术原因的限制，它很难排除"免费搭车〞的问题；二是消费上的非竞争性，即增加人消费这一产品并未相应增加其边际本钱。
6、什么是购置性支出？什么是转移性支出？〔92〕购置性支出是政府用于购置经常性商品和效劳、资本品和效劳等的支出，是公共部门为了获得经济资源的所有权而安排的支出，一旦公共部门使用了这些资源，就排除了私人部门运用这局部资源的可能性。
公共经济学复习题（1）
公共经济学复习题（1）1什么是社会公共需要?是指向社会提供安全，秩序，公民基本权利和经济发展的社会条件等方面的需要．它区别于微观经济主体的个别需要．2政府经济活动的范围是如何界定的？生产或提供公共物品或服务调节收入分配促进经济稳定发展3公共财政要担负哪些职能？a 资源配置职能b 调节收入分配职能c 促进经济稳定发展职能4简要解释MSB=MSC的含义？MSB:a 人们对某种物品的消费量每增加一个单位所增加的满足程度b 以人们为增加一个单位的某种物品的消费量而愿付出的货币最高额测定MSC:a 人们对某种物品的生产量每增加一个单位所需增加的资源耗费的价值b 以为补偿因增加一个单位的某种物品的生产量所消耗的资源价值而需付出的货币最低额测定5、公共经济学的含义？公共经济学是用经济学方法研究政府部门经济行为的科学。
6、政府经济及特点？政府经济：是一种与企业、个人经济活动相对应的经济行为，即以政府为主体的经济行为，具体来讲，是以政府为主体的资源配置及其宏观经济管理。
政府财政分配及其提供公共服务在政府经济活动中居核心地位。
政府经济的特点：主体。
各级政府。
企业、个人经济行为是追求私人利润的最大化，而政府经济以社会公共利益最大化为目标。
（根本区别）客体。
收入分配与再分配；对国民经济运行进行宏观调控。
形式。
政府收入、政府支出、宏观经济管理。
依据。
社会公共权力。
目的。
满足社会公共需要。
7、公共部门与私人部门的区别？私人部门的活动依赖于个人资产，所取得的收入属于个人。
公共部门则依赖纳税人的钱为社会目标的实现而行为。
管理公共事务，运用公共权力，利用公共资源提供公共物品，追求公共利益。
一般说来，在民主政治体制下，政府的干涉行为主要是向选民负责，而私人部门的行为则主要是向投资者负责。
名词对比：私人部门，由个人、家庭和私人拥有的企事业单位组成。
私人厂商权益为私人所有，产品为私人物品，价值追求为私人利益最大化。
公共部门指政府及其附属物，包括中央政府、地方政府及所有使用公共财产和公共资金、在一定程度上贯彻和执行政府意图的经济实体。
公共经济学总复习资料
零、导论公共经济学：是研究政府及其附属物经济行为的规律的科学，它回答政府需要做什么以及应该怎么做的科学。
☆政府有机论：将社会视为自然的有机体，每一个人都是这个有机体的一部分，而政府是有机体的心脏。
个人利益必须服从集体利益，政府（国家）利益是至高无上的。
☆政府（国家）机械论：将政府（国家）看作是个人为了实现其个人目标，而人为创立的东西，把政府看作机械。
处于舞台中心的是个人，而不是群体。
根据这种观点，没有了个人，也就没有了政府（国家）因此，个人是一个社会中最为重要的主体，个人是社会的基础。
公共部门：是公共经济活动的主要经济主体，它包括政府、公共企业、非营利性经济组织、国际组织、民间社会团体。
P4公共经济活动的三大类：P81.公共支出活动：国防、义务教育。
2.公共收入活动：以税收为主。
支出来源。
3.公共规制：Regulation ，不通过直接支付经费而是法律约束来实现政府目标。
行业标准、限价、环境、银行、反托拉斯法。
公共经济学的特征：1.主要研究政府及其经济行为的科学2.以经济学方法来研究政府经济行为3.更加注重对实际问题的研究公共经济学的研究方法：P141.实证研究与规范研究：“应该”和“不应该”是规范研究；“是”和“不是”是实证研究2.理论研究与计量研究：理论研究更注重经济学思想，包括用数理方法；理论研究得出的模型是否成立，通过计量经济学的方法检验；数据处理水平的提高，获得更多的经济数据。
3.案例研究。
一、市场失效与公共经济☆帕累托效率：指不可能通过资源的重新配置，达到使至少一个人的境况变好、而不使其他任何人境况变差的结果。
帕累托最优：指在既定的个人偏好、生产技术和要素投入量下，当重新配置资源的结果不可能在不使他人处境变差的同时使任何一个人处境变好，则此时的社会资源配置处于最佳效率状态中。
帕累托改善：指可以通过资源的重新配置，达到使至少一个人的境况变好、而不使其他任何人的境况变差的结果。
卡尔多改善：如果一个人的境况由于某种变化而变好，而且他能够补偿另一个人的损失后还有剩余。
经济学原理英文版复习题
经济学原理英文版复习题复习题：一、True or False：1. Government policies that improve equality usually increase efficiency at the same time.2. A rational decisionmaker takes an action if and only if the marginal cost exceeds the marginal benefit.3.Trade allows each person to specialize in the activities he or she does best, thus increasing each individual's productivity.4. the production possibilities frontier shows the opportunity cost of one good as measured in terms of the other good.5. When a production possibilities frontier is bowed outward, the opportunity cost of the first good in terms of the second good increases as more of the second good is produced.6. For a country producing two goods, the opportunity cost of one good will be the inverse of the opportunity cost of the other good.7. If a country has the comparative advantage in producinga product, then that country must also have the absolute advantage in producing that product.8.An increase in the price of pizza will shift the demand curve for pizza to the left.9. A decrease in supply shifts the supply curve to the right.10. The demand for gasoline will respond more to a change in price over a period of five weeks than over a period of five years.11. Suppose that when the price rises by 10% for a particular good, the quantity demanded of that good falls by 30%. The price elasticity of demand for this good is equal to 1/3.12. Demand is inelastic if the price elasticity of demand is greater than 1.13.A price ceiling is a legal minimum on the price at which a good or service can be sold.14. A price floor set above the equilibrium price is not binding.15 .The equilibrium of supply and demand in a market maximizes the total benefits to buyers and sellers of participating in that market.16. Efficiency is related to the size of the economic pie, whereas equality is related to how the pie gets sliced and distributed.17. When markets fail, public policy can potentially remedy the problem and increase economic efficiency.18. As the size of a tax increases, the government's tax revenue rises, then falls.19.Because the supply of land is perfectly elastic, the deadweight loss of a tax on land is very large.20.In principle, trade can make a nation better off, because the gains to the winners exceed the losses to the losers.21. If a tariff is placed on watches, the price of both domestic and imported watches will rise by the amount of the tariff.22. When a country that imports shoes imposes a tariff on shoes, buyers of shoes in that country become worse off.23. A verage total cost reveals how much total cost will change as the firm alters its level of production.24. Economies of scale often arise because higher production levels allow specialization among workers.25. If long-run average total cost is rising, then the firm is experiencing economies of scale.26. The shape of the marginal cost curve tells a producer something about the marginal product of her workers.27. A firm operating in a perfectly competitive industry will shut down in the short run but earn losses if the market price is less than that firm’s average variable cost.28. A firm will shut down in the short run if revenue is not sufficient to cover all of its fixed costs of production.29. The marginal firm in a competitive market will earn zero economic profit in the long run.30. Copyrights and patents are examples of barriers to entry that afford firms monopoly pricing powers.31. Like competitive firms, monopolies choose to produce a quantity in which margi nal revenue equals marginal cost.32. For a profit-maximizing firm in a monopolistically competitive market, when price is equal to average total cost, price must lie above marginal cost.33. A firm in a monopolistically competitive market can earn both short-run and long-run profits.34. When a firm in a monopolistically competitive market earns zero economic profit, its product price must equal marginal cost.35. As the number of firms in an oligopoly becomes very large, the price effect disappears.36. If two players engaged in a prisoner’s dilemma game are likely to repeat the game, they are more likely to cooperate than if they play the game only once.二、Multiple Choice1. In most societies, resources are allocated byA a single central planner.b B a small number of central planners.c C those firms that use resources to provide goods and services.d D the combined actions of millions of households and firms.2. Sophia is planning her activities for a hot summer day. She would like to go tothe local swimming pool and see the latest blockbuster movie, but because she can only get tickets to the movie for the same time that the pool is open she can only choose one activity. This illustrates the basic principle thata A people respond to incentives.b B rational people think at the margin.c C people face tradeoffs.d D improvements in efficiency sometimes come at the expense ofequality.3. The opportunity cost of obtaining more of one good is shown on the productionpossibilities frontier as thea A amount of the other good that must be given up.b B market price of the additional amount produced.c C amount of resources that must be devoted to its production.d D number of dollars that must be spent to produce it.4. When economists make normative statements, they area A speaking as scientists.b B speaking as policy advisers.c C making claims about how the world is.d D revealing that they are very liberal in their views of how the worldworks.5. What must be given up to obtain an item is calleda A out-of-pocket cost.b B comparative worth.c C opportunity cost.d D absolute value.6. Suppose that a worker in Boatland can produce either 5 units of wheat or 25units of fish per year, and a worker in Farmland can produce either 25 units of wheat or 5 units of fish per year. There are 30 workers in each country. No trade occurs between the two countries. Boatland produces and consumes 75 units of wheat and 375 units of fish per year while Farmland produces and consumes 375 units of wheat and 75 units of fish per year. If trade were tooccur, Boatland would trade 90 units of fish to Farmland in exchange for 80units of wheat. If Boatland now completely specializes in fish production, how many units of fish could it now consume along with the 80 units of importedwheat?a A 490 unitsb B 500 unitsc C 610 unitsd D 660 units7. The opportunity cost of an item isa A the number of hours that one must work in order to buy one unit ofthe item.b B what you give up to get that item.c C always less than the dollar value of the item.d D always greater than the cost of producing the item.8. In a market economy, supply and demand are important because theya A play a critical role in the allocation of the economy’s scarceresources.b B determine how much of each good gets produced.c C can be used to predict the impact on the economy of variousevents and policies.d D ll of the above are correct.9. The supply of a good or service is determined bya A those who buy the good or service.b B the government.c C those who sell the good or service.d D both those who buy and those who sell the good or service.10. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a perfectly competitive market?a A Different sellers sell identical products.b B There are many sellers.c C Sellers must accept the price the market determines.d D All of the above are characteristics of a perfectly competitivemarket.11. The law of demand states that, other things equal,a A when the price of a good falls, the demand for the good rises.b B when the price of a good rises, the quantity demanded of the goodrises.c C when the price of a good rises, the demand for the good falls.d D when the price of a good falls, the quantity demanded of the goodrises.12 The price elasticity of demand measuresa A buyers’ responsiveness to a change in the price of a good.b B the extent to which demand increases as additional buyers enterthe market.c C how much more of a good consumers will demand when incomesrise.d D the movement along a supply curve when there is a change indemand.13. Which of the following statements about the price elasticity of demand iscorrect?a A The price elasticity of demand for a good measures the willingnessof buyers of the good to buy less of the good as its price increases.b B Price elasticity of demand reflects the many economic,psychological, and social forces that shape consumer tastes.c C Other things equal, if good x has close substitutes and good y doesnot have close substitutes, then the demand for good x will be more elasticthan the demand for good y.d D All of the above are correct.14. Minimum-wage laws dictatea A the exact wage that firms must pay workers.b B a maximum wage that firms may pay workers.c C a minimum wage that firms may pay workers.d D a minimum wage and a maximum wage that firms may payworkers.15. If a price ceiling is not binding, thena A the equilibrium price is above the price ceiling.b B the equilibrium price is below the price ceiling.c C it has no legal enforcement mechanism.d D More than one of the above is correct.16. Willingness to paya A measures the value that a buyer places on a good.b B is the amount a seller actually receives for a good minus theminimum amount the seller is willing to accept.c C is the maximum amount a buyer is willing to pay minus theminimum amount a seller is willing to accept.d D is the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good minus the amountthe buyer actually pays for it.17. A demand curve reflects each of the following except thea A willingness to pay of all buyers in the market.b B value each buyer in the market places on the good.c C highest price buyers are willing to pay for each quantity.d D ability of buyers to obtain the quantity they desire.18. What happens to the total surplus in a market when the government imposes atax?a A Total surplus increases by the amount of the tax.b B Total surplus increases but by less than the amount of the tax.c C Total surplus decreases.d D Total surplus is unaffected by the tax.19. To measure the gains and losses from a tax on a good, economists use the toolsofa A macroeconomics.b B welfare economics.c C international-trade theory.d D circular-flow analysis.20. A tax on a gooda A gives buyers an incentive to buy more of the good than theyotherwise would buy.b B gives sellers an incentive to produce less of the good than theyotherwise would produce.c C creates a benefit to the government, the size of which exceeds theloss in surplus to buyers and sellers.d D All of the above are correct.21. Suppose Scotland goes from being an isolated country to being an exporter ofwool. As a result,a A consumer surplus of Scottish consumers of wool increases.b B producer surplus of Scottish producers of wool increases.c C total surplus of Scottish wool consumers and producers remainsconstant.d D it is reasonable to infer that other countries have a comparativeadvantage over Scotland in wool production.22. After a country goes from disallowing trade in coffee with other countries toallowing trade in coffee with other countries,a A the domestic price of coffee will be greater than the world price ofcoffee.b B the domestic price of coffee will be lower than the world price ofcoffee.c C the domestic price of coffee will equal the world price of coffee.d D The world price of coffee does not matter; the domestic price ofcoffee prevails.23. Which of the following costs do not vary with the amount of output a firmproduces?a A average fixed costsb B fixed costs and average fixed costsc C marginal costs and average fixed costsd D fixed costs24. If a firm produces nothing, which of the following costs will be zero?a A total costb B fixed costc C opportunity costd D variable cost25. When firms are said to be price takers, it implies that if a firm raises its price,a A buyers will go elsewhere.b B buyers will pay the higher price in the short run.c C competitors will also raise their prices.d D firms in the industry will exercise market power.26. Suppose a firm operates in the short run at a price above its average total costof production. In the long run the firm should expecta A new firms to enter the market.b B the market price to fall.c C its profits to fall.d D All of the above are correct.27. A monopoly market is characterized bya A many buyers and sellers.b B “natural” products.c C barriers to entry.d D a Nash equilibrium.28. A firm that is the sole seller of a product without close substitutes isa A perfectly competitive.b B monopolistically competitive.c C an oligopolist.d C a monopolist.29. Sizable economic profits can persist over time under monopoly if themonopolista A produces that output where average total cost is at a maximum.b B is protected by barriers to entry.c C operates as a price taker rather than a price maker.d D realizes revenues that exceed variable costs.30. A monopolistically competitive market has characteristics that are similar toa A a monopoly only.b B a competitive firm only.c C both a monopoly and a competitive firm.d D neither a monopoly nor a competitive firm.31. In monopolistically competitive markets, free entry and exit suggests thata A the market structure will eventually be characterized by perfectcompetition in the long run.b B all firms earn zero economic profits in the long run.c C some firms will be able to earn economic profits in thelong run.d D some firms will be forced to incur economic losses in the long run.32. When a firm's demand curve is tangent to its average total cost curve, thea A firm's economic profit is zero.b B firm may be earning economic profits.c C firm must be operating at its efficient scale.d D Both a and c are correct.33. An oligopoly would tend to restrict output and drive up price ifa A barriers to entering the industry are negligible.b B firms engage in informative advertising.c C firms produce a standardized product.d D firms collude and behave like a monopoly.34. The prisoners' dilemma provides insights into thea A difficulty of maintaining cooperation.b B benefits of avoiding cooperation.c C benefits of government ownership of monopoly.d D ease with which oligopoly firms maintain high prices.35. In a two-person repeated game, a tit-for-tat strategy starts witha A cooperation and then each player mimics the other player's lastmove.b B cooperation and then each player is unresponsive to the strategicmoves of the other player.c C noncooperation and then each player pursues his or her ownself-interest.d D noncooperation and then each player cooperates when the otherplayer demonstrates a desire for the cooperative solution.36. We know that people tend to overuse common resources. This problem canbe viewed as an example ofa A a game in which the players succeed in reaching the cooperativeoutcome.b B the prisoners’ d ilemma.c C a situation to which game theory does not apply because of a lackof strategic thinking.d D a situation to which game theory does not apply because of toomany decision-makers.答案：一、1-5 FFTTF 6-10 TFFFF 11-15 FFFFT 16-20 TTTFT 21-25 TTFTF 26-30 TTFTT 31 -36 TTFFTT二、1-5 DCABC 6-10 DBDCD 11-15 DADCB 16-20 ADCBB21-25DCDDA 26-30 DCDBC 31-36 BADAAB。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
5. Government regulations that require airlines to serve routes for which the maximum price that passengers are willing to pay for a trip fall short of the minimum price that sellers are willing to accept are likely to cause losses in efficiency. T
2
3. Since 1930, the percent of GDP devoted to government expenditures has nearly tripled. T 4. Government consumption does not require resources to be reallocated from private to government use. F 5. Transfer payments, including Social Security and welfare and medicfor over 40 percent of federal government expenditures. T
14
3. Efficiency is attained when resources are used each year in such a way that no further net gain is possible. T 4. If the marginal social benefit of smoke detectors exceeds its marginal social cost, then additional net gains are possible from an increased annual smoke detector production. T
7
3. A mixed economy is one in which: b a. there are no markets. b. government activity accounts for a significant proportion of the value of goods and services produced. c. there is no government. d. all goods and services are sold in markets.
4
8. The federal government obtains about half of its revenue annually from retail sales taxes. F
5
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The real cost of government goods and services is: c a. money. b. taxes. c. the private goods and services foregone. d. inflation.
12
8.State and local government expenditure in the United States accounts for about: c a. 30 percent of GDP. b. 20 percent of GDP. c. 10 percent of GDP. d. 5 percent of GDP.
8
4. Transfer payments by the federal government in the United States account for about: d a. 25 percent of federal government expenditures. b. 10 percent of federal government expenditures. c. 40 percent of GDP. d. 40 percent of federal government expenditures.
3
6. Federal grants-in-aid to state and local governments finance about 20 percent of annual spending by these governments. T 7. State and local governments in the United States spend a bit more than one-third of their budgets on education. T
9
5. Federal government expenditures in the United States account for about: a a. 20 percent of annual GDP. b. 30 percent of annual GDP. c. 40 percent of annual GDP. d. 50 percent of annual GDP.
13
Chapter 2 Efficiency, Markets, and Government
True/False Questions 1. The normative approach to public finance prescribes certain actions to achieve predetermined criteria. T 2. “The government should abolish tariffs to achieve efficiency” is a normative statement. T
18
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Positive economics: b a. makes recommendations designed to achieve certain goals. b. establishes cause-and-effect relationships between economic variables. c. is based on value judgments. d. can never be used to make predictions.
Review Questions of the Textbook
1
Chapter 1 Individuals and Government
True/False Questions 1. On average, persons in the United States devote more of their annual budgets to taxes than they do to food. T 2. The total share of GDP accounted for by government spending in the United States has declined significantly since 1980. F
16
6. Government programs can achieve efficiency when the gains to gainers from those policies exceed the losses to those who bear the costs. T 7. Efficient outcomes are often viewed as inequitable. T
6
2. Government goods and services are usually: a. not rationed by prices. a b. sold in markets. c. made available to persons according to their willingness and ability to pay. d. financed by revenue obtained from sales.
19
2. If the marginal social benefit of a good exceeds the marginal social cost at the current monthly output, then: a a. it will be possible to make buyers of the good better off without harming sellers of the good. b. it will be possible to make sellers of the good better off without harming buyers of the good. c. either (a) or (b) d. a reduction in monthly output will be required for efficiency.
11
7. Nonmarket rationing means that: e a. those willing to pay can buy as much of a product as they choose. b. prices are used to sell products. c. goods and services are not rationed by prices. d. willingness to pay is not a factor in determining who can enjoy a good or service. e. both (c) and (d)
10
6. If the economy is operating at full employment and using resources efficiently, then an increase in spending for homeland security this year will: b a. require that resources be reallocated to homeland security services without sacrificing any alternative goods and services. b. be possible if resources are reallocated to homeland security services, but it will also mean that the output of some other goods and services will have to fall. c. be impossible. d. be possible only if there is an improvement in technology or more resources made available.