1：It is well-known to
2013华东政法大学博士研究生入学考试英语试卷
华东政法大学2013年博士研究生入学考试英语试卷第一部分基础英语试题Part I: Grammar & Vocabulary (15%)Directions: Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET 1.1. It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are _________free medical care.[A] entitled to [B] involved in [C] associated with [D] assigned to2. The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at ______.[A] danger [B] stake [C] loss [D] threat3. I felt _________to death because I could make nothing of the chairman’s speech.[A] fatigued [B] tired [C] exhausted [D] bored4. People _______that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today.[A] convinced [B] anticipated [C] resolved [D] assured5. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written or _______ for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic programme for the reading skills. [A] adapted [B] acknowledged [C] assembled [D] appointed6.We should always keep in mind that _______decisions often lead to bitter regrets .[A] urgent [B] hasty [C] instant [D] prompt7. John complained to the bookseller that there were several pages _______in the dictionary.[A] missing [B] losing [C] dropping [D] leaking8. Their demand for a pay raise has not the slightest________of being met.[A] prospect [B] prediction [C] prosperity [D] permission9. It’s usually the case that people seldom behave in a _______way when in a furious state.[A] stable [B] rational [C] legal [D] credible10. Ms. Breen has been living in town for only one year, yet she seems to be _______with everyone who comes to the store.[A] accepted [B] admitted [C] admired [D] acquainted11. He does not _______as a teacher of English as his pronunciation is terrible .[A] equal [B] match [C] qualify [D] fit12. Dozens of scientific groups all over the world have been _______the goal of a practical and economic way to use sunlight to split water molecules.[A] pursuing [B] chasing [C] reaching [D] winning13. I didn’t say anything like that at all. You are purposely ______ my ideas to prove your point.[A] revising [B] contradicting [C] distorting [D] distracting14. Language, culture, and personality may be considered _______of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.[A] indistinctly [B] separately [C] irrelevantly [D] independently15. I________ with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column.[A] express [B] confess [C] verify [D] acknowledge16. It is strictly _______that access to confidential documets is denied to all but a few.[A] secured [B] forbidden [C] regulated [D] determined17. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _____ something occurred which attracted my attention.[A] unless [B] until [C] when [D] while18. I regret _____ so much time and money on stamps.[A] to waste [B] for wasting [C] having wasted [D] at wasting19. I was greatly disappointed _____ that affair.[A] out [B] in [C] to [D] toward20. I would like to have a talk with him _____ his convenience.[A] in [B] at [C] for [D] with21. I’d rather you _____ those important documents with you.[A] don’t take [B] didn’t take [C] won’t take [D] not take22. If the fire alarm is sounded, all residents are requested to _____ in the courtyard.[A] converge [B] assemble [C] crowd [D] accumulate23. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1995, the housing problems now in some parts of the country _____ so serious.[A] wouldn’t be [B] wouldn’t have been [C] will not be [D] would have not been24. If you know what the trouble is, why you don’t help them to _____ the situation?[A] simplify [B] modify [C] verify [D] rectify25. I’m sure your suggestion will _____ the problem.[A] contribute to solving [B] be contributed to solve [C] contribute to solve [D] be contributed to solving26. In that country, students will be _____ admittance to their classroom if they are not properly dressed.[A] declined [B] deprived [C] denied [D] deserted27. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.[A] would be [B] will have been [C] was [D] were28. _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.[A] Although he is a socialist [B] Even if he is a socialist[C] Being a socialist [D] Since he is a socialist29. His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting.[A] so as to [B] such as to [C] such to [D] as much as to30. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday.[A] will come [B] was coming [C] had been coming [D] camePart II: Reading Comprehension (20%).Direction: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center. Passage OneQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on one’s own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction of village commerce, but its vigour is still remarkable.Our local grocer’s shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition fromsupermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queueing up (anonymously) at a supermarket. And the proprietor knows well that personal service has a substantial cash value.His prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, but he will deliver anything at any time. His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to take a piece of cheese to an old-age pensioner who sent her order by word of mouth with a friend who happened to be passing, the more affluent customers telephone their shopping lists and the goods are on their doorsteps within an hour. They have only to knit at a fancy for some commodity outside the usual stock and the grocer, a red-faced figure, instantly obtains it from them.The village gains from this sort of enterprise, of course. But I also find it satisfactory because a village shop offers one of the few ways in which a modest individualist can still get along in the world without attaching himself to the big battalions of industry or commerce.Most of the village shopkeepers I know, at any rate, are decidedly individualist in their ways. For example, our shoemaker is a formidable figure: a thick-set, irritable man whom children treat with marked respect, knowing that an ill-judged word can provoke an angry eruption at any time. He stares with smouldering contempt at the pairs of cheap, mass-produced shoes taken to him for repair: has it come to this, he seems to be saying, that he, a craftsman, should have to waste his skills upon such trash? But we all know he will in fact do excellent work upon them. And he makes beautiful shoes for those who can afford such luxury.31. The writer considered the old country guide interesting because he found in it ____.[A] the names of so many of the shops in the village around[B] the many people selling to, and doing jobs for, residents in local villages at the time it appeared[C] the variety of shops and services available in Victorian days in Britain[D] information about all the jobs there were in his own and surrounding villages at the time it appeared32. The local grocer’s shop is expanding even though ____.[A] women spend a lot of their time there just gossiping[B] town shops are larger and rather cheaper[C] people like to shop where they are less well-known[D] people get personal service in his shop33. The writer implies that one disadvantage of town shops is that ____.[A] their prices are higher[B] people cannot telephone them[C] their staff may take less trouble to satisfy customers[D] one has to queue up in them34. The writer appreciates the village shop because ____.[A] he welcomes competition with organized business[B] he likes the idea that a humble person can be successful[C] this is a case of individual success in a world of increasing[D] he welcomes an example of private enterprise surviving in an age of giant companies35. What is the village shoemaker’s reaction to mass-produced shoes?[A] He considers they are not worth the effort of mending properly.[B] He is angry with the customers for bringing in such rubbish.[C] He despises their quality.[D] He feels exasperated because people waste their money on inferior shoes.Passage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know well how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly taught to rulers by ancient writers, who related how Achilles and many others of those ancient princes were given to Chiron the centaur to be brought up and educated under his discipline. The parable of this semi-animal, semi-human teacher is meant to indicate that a prince must know how to use both natures, and that the one without the other is not durable.A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and when the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist. If men were all good, this precept would not be good ; but as they are bad, and would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wished to show colorable excuse for the nonfulfilment of his promise. Of this one could furnish an infinite number of examples, and show how many times peace has been broken, and how many promises rendered worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been able to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner and dissembler, and men are so simple and so ready to obey present necessities, that the one who deceives will always find those who allow themselves to be deceived.36. The author of the passage does not believe that ____.[A] people can protect themselves[B] the truth makes men free[C] leaders have to be consistent[D] princes are human37. The lion represents those who are ____.[A] too trusting[B] strong and careful[C] reliant on force[D] lacking in intelligence38. The fox, in this passage, is____.[A] admired for his trickery[B] no match for the lion[C] pitied for his trick[D] considered worthless39. The writer suggests that a successful leader must ____.[A] be prudent and faithful[B] cheat and lie[C] have principle to guide his actions[D] tell the people the truth about his opponent40. The writer would approve an unsuccessful political candidate ____.[A] gave up all his opportunities[B] promised to try again next time[C] overthrew the government by force[D] told the people the truth about his opponentPassage ThreeQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passageBetween the eighth and eleventh centuries A. D., the Byzantine Empire (拜占庭帝国) staged an almost unparalleled economic and cultural revival, a recovery that is all the more striking because it followed a long period of severe internal decline. By the early eighth century, the empire had lost roughly two-thirds of the territory it had possessed in the year 600, and its remaining area was being raided by Arabs and Bulgarians, who at times threatened to take Constantinople and extinguished the empire altogether. The wealth of the state and its subjects was greatly diminished, and artistic and literary production had virtually ceased. By the early eleventh century, however, the empire had regained almost half of its lost possessions, its new frontiers were secure, and its influence extended far beyond its borders. The economy had recovered, the treasury was full, and art and scholarship had advanced.To consider the Byzantine military, cultural, and economic advances as differentiated aspects of a single phenomenon is reasonable. After all, these three forms of progress have gone together in a number of states and civilizations. Rome under Augustus and fifth-century Athens provide the most obvious examples in antiquity. Moreover, an examination of the apparent sequential connections among military, economic, and cultural forms of progress might help explain the dynamics of historical change.The common explanation of these apparent connections in the case of Byzantium would run likethis: when the empire had turned back enemy raids on its own territory and had begun to raid and conquer enemy territory, Byzantine resources naturally expanded and more money became available to patronize art and literature. Therefore, Byzantine military achievements led to economic advances, which in turn led to cultural revival.No doubt this hypothetical pattern did apply at times during the course of the recovery. Yet it is not clear that military advances invariably came first. Economic advances second, and intellectual advances third. In the 860’s the Byzantine Empire began to recover from Arab incursions so that by 872 the military balance with the Abbasid Caliphate had been permanently altered in the empire’s favor. The beginning of the empire’s economic revival, however, can be placed between 810 and 830. Finally, the Byzantine revival of learning appears to have begun even earlier. A number of notable scholars and writers appeared by 788 and, by the last decade of the eighth century, a cultural revival was in full bloom, a revival that lasted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Thus the commonly expected order of military revival followed by economic and then by cultural recovery was reversed in Byzantium. In fact, the revival of Byzantine learning may itself have influenced the subsequent economic and military expansion.41. Which of the following best states the central idea of the text?[A] The Byzantine Empire was a unique case in which the usual order of military and economic revival preceding cultural revival was reversed.[B] The economic, cultural, and military revival in the Byzantine Empire between the eighth and eleventh centuries was similar in its order to the sequence of revival in Augustan Rome and fifth-century Athens.[C] After 810 Byzantine economic recovery spurred a military and, later, cultural expansion that lasted until 1453.[D] The revival of the Byzantine Empire between the eighth and eleventh centuries shows cultural rebirth preceding economic and military revival, the reverse of the generally accepted sequence of progress.42. It can be inferred from the text that the Byzantine Empire sustained significant territorial losses ____.[A] in 600.[B] during the seventh century.[C] a century after the cultural achievements of the Byzantine Empire had been lost.[D] soon after the revival of Byzantine learning.43. In the third paragraph, the author most probably provides an explanation of the apparent connections among economic, military, and cultural development in order to ____.[A] suggest that the process of revival in Byzantium accords with this model.[B] set up an order of events that is then shown to be not generally applicable to the case of Byzantium.[C] cast aspersions on traditional historical scholarship about Byzantium.[D] suggest that Byzantium represents a case for which no historical precedent exists.44. Which of the following does the author mention as crucial evidence concerning the manner in which the Byzantine revival began?[A] The Byzantine military revival of the 860’s led to economic and cultural advances.[B] The Byzantine cultural revival lasted until 1453.[C] The Byzantine economic recovery began in the 900’s.[D] The revival of Byzantine learning began toward the end of the eighth century.45. According to the author, “The common explanation” (line 1, paragraph 3) of connections between economic, military, and cultural development is ____.[A] revolutionary and too new to have been applied to the history of the Byzantine Empire.[B] reasonable, but an antiquated theory of the nature of progress.[C] not applicable to the Byzantine revival as a whole, but does perhaps accurately describe limited periods during the revival.[D] equally applicable to the Byzantine case as a whole and to the history of military, economic, and cultural advances in ancient Greece and Rome.Passage FourQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.For more than two decades, U. S. courts have been limiting affirmative-action programs in universities and other areas. The legal rationale is that racial preferences are unconstitutional, even those intended to compensate for racism or intolerance. For many colleges, this means students can be admitted only on merit, not on their race or ethnicity. It has been a divisive issue across the U. S., as educators blame the prolonged reaction to affirmative-action for declines in minority admissions. Meanwhile, activists continue to battle race preferences in courts from Michigan to North Carolina.Now, chief executives of about two dozen companies have decided to plunge headfirst into this politically unsettled debate. They, together with 36 universities and 7 nonprofitable organizations, formed a forum that set forth an action plan essentially designed to help colleges circumvent court-imposed restrictions on affirmative action. The CEOs’motive: “Our audience is growing more diverse, so the communities we serve benefit if our employees are racially and ethnically diverse as well”, says one CEO of a compang that owns nine television stations.Among the steps the forum is pushing: finding creative yet legal ways to boost minority enrollment through new admissions policies; promoting admissions decisions that look at more than test scores; and encouraging universities to step up their minority outreach and financial aid. And to counter accusations by critics to challenge these tactics in court, the group says it will give legal assistance to colleges sued for trying them. “Diversity diminished by the court must be made up for in other legitimate, legal ways,” says, a forum me mber.One of the more controversial methods advocated is the so-called 10% rule. The idea is for public universities - which educate three-quarters of all U. S. undergraduates - to admit students who are in the top 10% of their high school graduating class. Doing so allows colleges to take minorities who excel in average urban schools, even if they wouldn’t have made the cut under the current statewide ranking many universities use.46. U. S. court restrictions on affirmative action signifies that ________.[A] minorities no longer hold the once favored status[B] the quality of American colleges has improved[C] racial preferences has replaced racial prejudice[D] the minority is on an equal footing with the majority47. What has been a divisive issue across the United States?[A] Whether affirmative action should continue to exist.[B] Whether this law is helping minorities or the white majority.[C] Whether racism exists in American college admission.[D] Whether racial intolerance should be punished.48. CEOs of big companies decided to help colleges enroll more minority students because they ________.[A] think it wrong to deprive the minorities of their rights to receive education[B] want to conserve the fine characteristics of American nation[C] want a workforce that reflects the diversity of their customers[D] think it their duty to help develop education of the country49. The major tactic the forum uses is to _______.[A] battle the racial preferences in court[B] support colleges involved in lawsuits of racism[C] strive to settle this political debate nationwide[D] find legally viable ways to ensure minority admissions50. If the 10% rule is applied, ________.[A] the best white high school students can get into colleges[B] public universities can get excellent students[C] students from poor rural families can go to colleges[D] good minority students can get into public universitiesPart III: English Writing (15%)DIRECTIONS: For this part, you are going to write a short essay on the title. You should write about 250 words and write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET 2. Title:Media and Law in China TodayNOTES:Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instruction may result in a loss of marks.。
考研英语同位语从句例句
考研英语同位语从句例句同位语从句是一种用来解释或说明名词的从句。
以下是一些考研英语中常见的同位语从句例句：1. It is a fact that climate change poses a threat to our planet.事实是气候变化对我们的星球构成了威胁。
2. The idea that technology can solve all our problems is unrealistic.技术可以解决我们所有问题的想法是不现实的。
3. His belief that hard work leads to success is widely accepted.他认为努力工作能够带来成功的信念被广泛接受。
4. The news that she got admitted to Harvard University surprised everyone.她被哈佛大学录取的消息让所有人都感到惊讶。
5. I have no doubt that he will win the competition.我毫不怀疑他会赢得比赛。
6. Her dream of becoming a famous singer has finally come true.她成为一名著名歌手的梦想终于实现了。
7. The fact that smoking is harmful to health is well-known to everyone.吸烟对健康有害的事实是众所周知的。
8. He expressed his hope that the government would take action to reduce pollution.他表达了他希望政府采取行动减少污染的愿望。
这些例句展示了同位语从句在考研英语中的常见用法，通过同位语从句可以进一步解释和说明名词的含义和特点。
高中英语(新人教版)选择性必修二课后习题：Unit 1 Section C(课后习题)【含答案及解析
Section C Using Language必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单词拼写1.The setting sun (投射) an orange glow over the mountains.2.She was about to set off when a familiar (影子) suddenly came into her sight.3.If you are lucky,you can see a vivid (彩虹) across over two peaks.4. (倒出) the honey into the bowl and mix it thoroughly with the other ingredients.5.There was a vast distance between psychological clues and (具体的) proof.6.This (显微镜) can magnify bacteria three thousand times their actual size.Ⅱ.短语填空1.Studying abroad can be stressful,because you have to worry about adjusting to a new culture .2.Generally speaking,my grandmother is nice and kind,but she can be very stubborn .3.The severe weather in the southern region has vegetable supplies there.4.Workers in big firms receive a substantial part of their pay bonuses and overtime.5.It is well-known that people’s health is closely climate changes.6.Those clouds would have that would have blocked some sunlight out.Ⅲ.完成句子1.我们刚进屋,大雨便倾盆而下。
定语从句对比性练习
A. that B. which C. when D. as
6.1). This is the room_____he lived in his childhood.
3) _____ is well-known to us all is thatChinais rich in natural resources.
A. What
B. As
C. It
D. That
12. 1)
I’m surprised at all _____ he said at the m
eeting.
busy9.1).He is such a good teacher ______ we all like.
2). He is such a good teacher ______ we all like him.
3). He is a good teacher, _____ makes us respect him.
2. 1) It was eleven o’clock _____ they went out of the cinema.
2) It was at eleven o’clock_____ they went out of the cinema.
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
2)
I’m surprised at _____ he said at the meeting.
A.
B. what
C.that
英语作文通用万能句子整句带翻译
英语作文通用万能句子整句带翻译1.To begin with, it is well known that… - 首先，众所周知…2.It is universally acknowledged that… - 众所周知…3.It goes without saying that… - 不言而喻…4.There is no denying that… - 不可否认…5.It is widely believed that… - 广泛认为…6.As far as I am concerned… - 就我而言…7.It is well accepted that… - 众所接受…8.From my point of view… - 在我看来…9.It is commonly believed that… - 普遍认为…10.As I see it… - 在我看来…11.In my opinion… - 在我看来…12.In conclusion… - 总之…13.Taking everything into consideration… - 在考虑到所有情况下…14.As to whether… - 至于是否…15.It is clear that… - 明显…16.According to the statistics… - 根据统计数据…17.Recent studies have shown that… - 最近的研究表明…18.To sum up… - 总结…19.In a nutshell… - 简而言之…20.Based on the above analysis… - 基于上述分析…以上是对英语作文中常用的万能句子整句带翻译的总结，相信能够帮助您在写作过程中更好地表达观点和思路。
愿您在英语写作中取得好成绩！。
出名的英文是什么
出名的英文是什么学习英语时我们都学过出名的英文，出名就是我们说的著名，有名气。
那么你知道出名的英文是什么吗?下面是店铺为你整理的出名的英文，希望大家喜欢!出名的英文1.famous2.well-knownfamous的常见句型用作形容词用作定语～+ n.The young man worked hard in emulation of his famous father.这位年轻人努力工作,要迎头赶上他出名的父亲。
She has become a famous scientist.她成为著名科学家。
He adores a famous professor.他崇拜一位著名的教授。
He deceived me by pretending to be a famous movie star.他假装是一个著名的电影明星骗了我。
It was sad to read of the death of the famous old actress in this morning's newspaper.从今天的晨报上得知这位年老的著名女演员去世的消息令人伤感。
We will study the epistles of some famous writers next term.下学期我们将学习几位名作家的书信。
The famous man's mail came from every quarters of the globe.那位名人的信件来自世界各地。
The famous school is on a large mountain.那所著名的学校在一座大山上。
Paris is a famous city.巴黎是一座著名的城市。
He gave his famous speech before a public assembly.他在一次公众集会上发表了著名的演说。
用作表语S+be+～+ prep .-phraseThe young girl is famous at figure skating.那位年轻姑娘善于花样滑冰。
国际交流英语视听说B2U4
Analytical Listening
Listening 1
information coming from your eyes, ears, and other sensory organs. The brain is also an amazingly powerful organ. It generates enough electricity to power a light bulb. Your brain contains about 100 billion microscopic cells called neurons—so many it would take you over 3,000 years to count them all. Whenever you dream, laugh, think, see, or move, it’s because tiny chemical and electrical signals are moving at high speed between these neurons along billions of tiny neuron highways. The activity in your brain never stops. Thousands and thousands of messages are sent around inside your brain every second. Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in the entire world. And while a single neuron generates only a tiny amount of electricity, all your neurons together can generate enough electricity to power a light bulb
赵文通汉译英强化训练100题一
赵文通汉译英强化训练100题一2009-07-21 13:19:24| 分类：句子翻译| 标签：|字号大中小订阅1. 他的叔叔过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。
(used)2. 他一点也不喜欢喝咖啡，宁可喝茶。
(prefer)3. 对学生来说，学会一门外语是多么重要啊!(how)4. 这件大衣值多少钱？(cost)5. 他把他的一生献给了宇宙飞船的研究。
(devote)6. 你最好现在不要把坏消息告诉他。
(had better)7. 他是一位有经验的驾驶员，他习惯于在各种各样的天气情况下开车。
(used)8. 今晚你应该复习功课，而不应该看电视。
(instead)9. 没有什么能阻止这孩子冒险爬那棵高树。
(prevent)10. 妈妈很少晚上一个人出去，是吗？(seldom)1. His uncle used to live in the country. Now he lives in the city.2. He doesn’t like coffee at all, but he pr efers tea.3. How important it is for students to learn a foreign language!4. How much does the coat cost?5. He devoted his life to studying spaceships6. You’d better not tell him the bad news now.7. He is an experienced driver and he is used to driving in all kinds of weather.8. You should review your lessons instead of watching TV tonight.9. Nothing can prevent the child to risk climbing that tall tree.10. Mother seldom goes out alone at night, does she?赵文通汉译英强化训练100题二2009-07-21 13:14:27| 分类：句子翻译| 标签：|字号大中小订阅11. 尽量用英语表达自己，别害怕犯错误。
As we all know
As we all know=as is known to us=it is well-known that我们都知道First,…second,….next,…after that,…atlast/finally/in the endWhat’s more =in addition= besides 此外As a result = therefore 因此In fact = as a matter of fact = actually 事实上For example 例如In other words换句话说On one hand，……. On the other hand,…. 一方面,….另一方面,…For one thing,…….for another thing，……一方面,….另一方面,…To my joy/surprise, 令我高兴/惊讶的是To tell the truth, 说实话Frankly speaking, 坦白的说Anyway=anyhow 不管怎样Generally speaking, 总的来说In one/a word =in all总之Needless to say，无需多言After all ,毕竟That is to say那就是说On the contrary, 相反=insteadCompared with 与…比较The reason is that ….Perhaps you will question that 也许你会质疑…. Above all=most importantly 最为重要的是Because of =due to 由于Even if/though 即使Since=now that 既然For short = in brief 简言之Learn …by heart 熟背As the proverb says= As the saying goes…….谚语说…It must be emphasized that 必须强调的是It must be pointed out that…必须指出的是A more interesting thing is that……更有趣的是No one can deny(否认)/avoid(避免) that……Nothing is more important than the fact that ….谚语：All work and no play make Jack a dull boy.An apple a day keeps the doctor away.Health is more important than wealth.Great hopes make great man.The true value of life doesn’t lie in what you get, but lies in what you give.Failure is the mother of success.Where there is a will, there is a way.No pains, no gains.Practice makes perfect.Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.Nothing is impossible as long as you put your heart/mind on it.A friend in need is a friend indeed.We can live without a brother, we can’t live without a friend.Better a friend than silver and gold.When you are good to others, you are best to yourself.If you are kind to others, they will usually be kind to you.Two heads are bigger than one.One flower makes no gardens.Time and tide wait for no man.Honesty is the best policy.Honesty is a good virtue(美德).Saving is getting.A penny saved is a penny earned.I’m a slow walker, but I never walk backward.初中英语作文自我介绍根据以下要点提示写一篇60-80词的短文，初中优秀英语作文欣赏：自我介绍1、在学校学习汉语、英语、数学、历史和一些其他学科；2、我学习很努力，最喜欢的学科是英语，经常找机会练习英语；3、现在中国已经加入世贸组织wto，并且2008年奥运会将在北京举行，英语正变得越来越重要；4、我将更加努力学习英语，将来为祖国作贡献，初中英语写作《初中优秀英语作文欣赏：自我介绍》。
初中英语语法归纳：被动语态
初中英语语法归纳复习：被动语态【知识总结归纳】一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。
二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换We Visited that factory last summer →主动语态主语谓语宾语状语That factory was visited by us last summer →被动语态主语谓语宾语状语三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比四. 如何正确使用被动语态1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。
需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to ”。
eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态）⎭⎬⎫.him by us to told often are stories g Interestin .him by stories g interestin told often are We （被动语态）▲常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass 等。
2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to 被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to 还要还原。
eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态）复合宾语宾语补足语宾语She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态）▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice 等。
3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。
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1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（ 就我所知…） 2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注） 3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题） 4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题） 5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……） 6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……） 7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……） 8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...） 二、表达不同观点 1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believe that……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……） 2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解） 3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异） 4:There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同） 三、表示结尾 1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……） 2：From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……） 3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……） 4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……） 5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点） 6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题） 四、提出建议 1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了） 2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视） 3：Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……） 4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……） 5：Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的） 五、预示后果 1：Obviously，if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险） 2：No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则我们很可能会……） 3：It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展） 六、表示论证 1：From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.(在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理) 2：I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我无法完全同意这一观点） 3：As far as I am concerned/In my opinion,……（就我来说……） 4：I sincerely believe that……==I am greatly convinced (that)子句.（我真诚地相信……） 5：Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……） 七、给出原因 1：The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的原因是...） 2:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons .First,…….Second,…….Third，……。这一现象存在有很多原因的，第一……第二……第三…… 3：For one thing,…… For another thing，…… ==On the one hand,……On the other hand……一方面……另一方面…… 4：I quite agree with the statement that……The reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述，即……。其主要原因如下。 八、列出解决办法和批判错误观点做法 1：The best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是…… 2：As far as something is concerned,……就某事而言，…… 3;It is obvious that……很显然…… 4：It may be true that……but it doesn't mean that……可能……是对的，但这并不意味着…… 5;It is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that……认为……是自然的，但我们不应忽视…… 6：There is no evidence to suggest that……没有证据表明…… 九、表示好处和坏处 1：It has the following advantages.它有如下优势 2：It is beneficial/harmful to us.==It is of great benefit/harm to us.它对我们有益处 3:It has more disadvantages than advantage.他有很多不足之处 十、表示重要、方便、可能 1：It isimportant(necessary/difficult/convenient/possible)for sb to do sth.对于某人做……是…… 2：It plays an important role in our life. 十一、采取措施 1：We should take some effective measures.我们应该采取有效措施 2：We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难 3：We should do our utmost in doing sth.我们应该尽力去做…… 4：We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我们应该解决我们面临的困难 十二、显示变化 1：Some changes have taken place in the past five years.过去五年发生了很多变化 2：Great changes will certainly be produced in the international communications.在国际交流中理所当然会发生很多大的变化 3：It has increased/decreased from…to…他已经从…增加/减少到… 4：The output