高中英语 优秀资料 典题精讲 Unit 1 Nothing ventured,nothing gained 新人教版选修10
高中英语 优秀资料 单元概览 Unit 1 Nothing ventured,nothing gained 新人教版选修10
Unit 1 Nothing ventured,nothing gained单元概览重要词汇词汇相关提示hook v.着迷于请注意hook还有名词的词性。
faith n. 信仰；信任请掌握faith的常见搭配。
rank n. 等级;军衔;行列请掌握rank分别用作名词和动词的用法。
delay n. 延误，耽搁;被延误或推迟的时间请认真掌握delay的固定搭配；作动词时的用法。
grasp v. 抓住;咬住;全面领会请注意grasp还可以用作名词。
hold on 坚持住请仔细区别hold on的各种用法及相关搭配。
give way (to)妥协;屈服请认真掌握give way (to)的其他含义。
give off 放出；发出请仔细辨析give out和give off的用法。
重点句式1.What do you think sb. do...?你认为某人……？What do you think helped them to achieve success in life?你认为是什么帮助他们在生活中取得成功？Who do you think will be sent here to take charge of the company?你认为谁会被派到这儿来管理这公司？Where do you suppose he has gone?你认为他去哪儿呢？How do you think we can finish our work on time?你认为我们该怎样才能按时完成作业？2.It is/was...that/who...强调句子的某个成分It was with great excitement one morning in July 1914 that I read this advertisement.是在1914年7月的一天早晨，我兴奋地看到了这则广告。
It is Tom who helps us through the woods.是汤姆带我们通过这片树林的。
高中英语 Unit 1 Nothing ventured Section Ⅱ La
Unit 1 Nothing venturedventure vt.& vi.冒险；敢于去……n. (有风险的)商业、企业(教材P1)Nothing ventured, nothing gained.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
Don't venture too near the edge of the well；you might fall in.别冒险靠水井太近，那样你会掉进去的。
He failed in his ventures.他投机失败了。
venture to do... 鼓起勇气去做venture into/beyond/out of 冒险进入/走出……venture on sth. 冒险做……at a venture 冒险地；碰运气地movie production.这是这家公司首次涉足电影制作。
It was wrong to venture his financial security on such a risky deal.他以自己稳定的财政作赌注去做风险这么大的交易是错误的。
He chose a book at a venture from the shelves.他从书架上随便挑了一本书。
[名师点津]表示“冒险”也可以用与risk有关的短语：risk sth./doing sth.冒险做某事take a risk 冒险be at risk 冒险完成句子①冒昧地问一句，你们之间没发生什么事吧？I________________if anything sprang up between you.②他冒着生命危险为人民自由而战。
He _____________________to fight for the people's freedom.③他最近冒险做起了出口业务。
He_______________________________an export business.【答案】①venture to ask②ventured his life③has recently ventured intosuffering n. 苦楚；受难；痛苦；折磨；苦恼(教材P1)He slept on firewood and straw to remind him of his sufferings.他睡在木柴和稻草上以提醒自己不忘苦难。
高中英语 unit1 nothing ventured nothing gained词汇句型语法讲解
Unit 1 Nothing ventured, nothing gained一、核心单词用法例析1. venture vt. & vi. 冒险；敢于去。
n. 冒险行动；商业冒险，投机Don’t venture too near the edge of the well; you might fall in.别冒险太靠近水井，那样你会掉进去的。
He failed in his ventures.他投机失败了。
2. strengthen vt. & vi. 加强、巩固；变强The wind strengthened during the night.夜晚，风吹得更大了。
3. bear n.熊、粗鲁的人、笨拙的人；vt. & vi. 负担、忍受、佩带、经得起、生育She is nice but her husband is such a bear that nobody likes him.她很好，可是她丈夫非常粗鲁，没有人喜欢他。
The sound of music was borne on the wind.音乐声随风飘扬。
She bore (has borne) her husband 5 children.她给她丈夫生了５个孩子。
注：bear过去分词是borne和born，born只有在were/was born短语中。
比如：I was born in Beijing in May.4. delay vt. & vi.; n. （使）耽搁、推迟、延误Don’t delay; act today.别拖延，今天就开始行动。
We decided to delay (going on) our holiday until next month.5. crush vt. & vi. n. 压碎、弄皱、拥抱；塞、使挤入This material doesn’t crush.这种料子不会打皱的。
高中英语Unit 1 Nothing ventured, nothing gained Using Language
Unit 1 Nothing ventured, nothing gainedPart One: Teaching DesignPeriod 3: A sample lesson plan for Using Language(“OPTIMISM HELPED US PERSEVERE.”)AimsTo help students read the passage “OPTIMISM HELPED US PERSEVERE.”To help students to use the language by reading, listening, speaking and writingProceduresI. Warming up by learning more about Sir Ernest ShackletonIn 1914 Sir Ernest Shackleton and a crew of 27 set sail for the last unclaimed prize in the history of exploration: the first crossing on foot of the Antarctic continent.Within eighty-five miles of the continent their ship Endurance was trapped and slowly crushed by pack ice. With no communication to the outside world their ordeal would last twenty months.With Shackleton's inspiring leadership the crew struggled to stay alive in one of the most inhospitable regions of the world. Miraculously, not one man was lost, surviving extreme cold, breaking ice floes, leopard seal attacks and an open boat journey that would be called one of the greatest navigational feats in nautical history.II. ListeningYou are to listen to a tape about Shackleton about his journey to South Georgia and finish exercises 1 and 2 on page 8.III. SpeakingSuppose you are to choose two sailors for Shackleton’s res cue team from the list on page 8. Now in groups of four discuss who you think are the most suitable.IV. ReadingOn page 9 there is an article entitled “OPTIMIS M HELPED US PERSEVERE.”You are going to read it to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken the predicative, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions.V. Copying expressions and making sentencesVI. Closing down by reading about Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic ExpeditionSir Ernest Shackleton and his team of men set out to conquer the Antarctic continent as the world became embroiled in World War One.All but forgotten back home in Britain, Shackleton's expedition drifted with the ice for nearly two years. Facing hunger, loneliness, near-mutiny and what has come to be known as the greatest small-boat journey in history, this is their story.。
Unit 1 重要知识点讲解2021-2022学年人教版高中英语选修十
Unit 1 Nothing Ventured, nothing gained重要知识点讲解一、核心单词用法例析1. venturevt. & vi. 冒险；敢于去。
n. 冒险行动；商业冒险，投机Don’t venture too near the edge of the well; you might fall in.别冒险太靠近水井，那样你会掉进去的。
He failed in his ventures.他投机失败了。
2. strengthen vt. & vi. 加强、巩固；变强The wind strengthened during the night.夜晚，风吹得更大了。
3. bearn.熊、粗鲁的人、笨拙的人；vt. & vi.负担、忍受、佩带、经得起、生育She is nice but her husband is such a bear that nobody likes him.她很好，可是她丈夫非常粗鲁，没有人喜欢他。
The sound of music was borne on the wind.音乐声随风飘扬。
She bore (has borne) her husband 5 children.她给她丈夫生了５个孩子。
注：bear过去分词是borne和born，born只有在were/was born短语中。
比如：I was born in Beijing in May.4. delay vt. & vi.; n. （使）耽搁、推迟、延误Don’t delay; act today.别拖延，今天就开始行动。
We decided to delay (going on) our holiday until next month.5. crush vt. & vi. n.压碎、弄皱、拥抱；塞、使挤入This material doesn’t crush.这种料子不会打皱的。
高中英语知识点《Unit1Nothingventured》教案人教版和例题答案
高中英语知识点《Unit1Nothingventured》教案人教版和例题答案高中英语知识点《Unit 1 Nothing ventured》教案人教版和例题答案作为一名英语教师，应该懂得如何在这两点之间找到一个平衡点，重点培养学生的语言运用能力，让学生在言语运用中学习语言。
下面小编整理的有关高中英语知识点《Unit 1 Nothing ventured》人教版和例题答案。
人教版高中英语选修10《Unit 1 Nothing ventured》Ⅰ.词组活用in common as usual die down lead to remind...of1.The fire ____________ and it became a little cold in the house.2.Can you tell us what ____________ you ____________ this conclusion?3.This ____________ me ____________ what we did together during our holidays.4.They have nothing ____________ with one another and can’t become good friends.5.The meeting was，____________，badly attended.答案：1.died down 2.led，to 3.reminds，of 4.in common 5.as usualⅡ.句子翻译1. ____________（由于手头拮据），he had no choice but to borrow some from his friend.答案：With no money left2.The emperor turned round again and again in front of themirror，____________（目的是让别人相信他能看到这衣服）.答案：so that he could make others believe he saw the clothes3. ____________（是在老师的帮助下）that we came to finish our work.答案：It was with the help of our teacher4. ____________（一旦你了解这一规则），you will have no further difficulty.答案：Once you understand the rule5.He sat before his desk，____________（陷入沉思）.答案：deep/lost in thoughtⅢ.达标1.—How was your recent visit to Qingdao?—It was great.We visited some friends，and spent the days at the seaside.A.few last sunnyst few sunnyst sunny fewD.few sunny last答案：B2.The computer centre，____________ last year，is very popular among the students in this school.A.openB.openingC.having openedD.opened答案：D3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____________ Chinese in the school，most ____________ were from Germany.A.study；of whomB.study；of themC.studying；of themD.studying；of whom答案：D4.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____________ he grew up as a child.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when答案：B5.I shall never forget those years ____________ I lived in the country with the farmers，____________ has a great effect on my life.A.that；whichB.when；whichC.which；thatD.when；who答案：BⅣ.短文填空In July，1914，I secretly hid ____________ the ship，Endurance and began expedition to Antarctica with Sir Ernest Shackleton.On January 18th，1915 the Endurance became ____________ in pack ice as we ____________ Antarctica under the leadership of Shackleton，we were successfully ____________ on Elephant ter，Shackleton ____________ five others to go to South Georgia and bring help.Left behind，at first we felt low and ____________.But it was not for long.In the following four months we were lucky our group worked hard to show an ____________ mental attitude and ____________ our ever-present fears in a positive and successful way.When rescue did come，we felt ____________ relief and joy ____________ many of us could not hide fears.答案：aboard；stuck；approached；settled；selected；discouraged；admirable；dealt with；so；that我综合我发展Ⅰ.听力第一节听下面5段对话。
高中英语unit 1 nothing ventured, nothing gained 背景知识
Unit 1 Nothing ventured, nothing gainedPart Two: Teaching ResourcesSection 2: Background information for Unit 1 Nothing ventured,nothing gained1. About AntarcticaAntarctica is a continent surrounding the Earth's South Pole. It is the coldest place on Earth and is almost entirely covered by ice; however, it is also the world's largest desert. It is not to be confused with the Arctic, which is located near the Earth's North Pole on the opposite side of the planet.Although myths and speculation about a Terra Australis ("Southern Land") go back to antiquity, the first commonly accepted sighting of the continent occurred in 1820 and the first verified landing in 1821 by the Russian expedition of Mikhail Lazarev and Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen. (See also History of Antarctica.) With an area of 13,200,000 km², Antarctica is the fifth largest continent, after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. However, it is by far the smallest in population: indeed, it has no permanent population at all. It is also the continent with the highest average altitude, and the lowest average humidity of any continent on Earth, as well as the lowest average temperature.2. Climate of Antarctica.Antarctica is the coldest place on earth. Temperatures reach a minimum of between -85 and -90 degrees Celsius in the winter and about 30 degrees higher in the summer months. Weather fronts rarely penetrate far into the continent, leaving the center cold and dry. There is little precipitation over the continent, but ice there can last for extended time periods. Nearly all of Antarctica is covered by an ice sheet that is, on average, 2.5 kilometers thick. At the edge of the continent, strong katabatic winds off the polar plateau often blow at storm force. In the interior, however, windspeeds are often moderate.Depending on the latitude, long periods of constant darkness, or constant sunlight, mean that climates familiar to humans are not generally available on the continent. Geography3. Geography of AntarcticaThe continent of Antarctica is located mostly south of the Antarctic Circle, surrounded by the Southern Ocean. Physically Antarctica is divided in two by mountains close to the neck between the Ross Sea and the Weddell Sea. The portion of the continent west of the Weddell Sea and east of the Ross Sea is called Western Antarctica and the remainder Eastern Antarctica, since they correspond roughly to the eastern and western hemispheres relative to the Greenwich meridian. Western Antarctica is4. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton (1874 - 1922)Ernest Shackleton has become an example of brilliant leadership ability. From an early age, Sir Ernest Shackleton knew he would become an explorer: 'I seemed to vow to myself that some day I would go to the region of ice and snow and go on and on till I came to one of the poles of the earth, the end of the axis upon which this great round ball turns.' This dream explains why he didn't become a doctor as his father wanted. Instead, he went to sea at the age of 16, travelling through the Far East and America and by the age of 24 had qualified to become a Master, making him able to captain a British ship on any sea.On leave in London in 1900, Shackleton volunteered for Scott's National Antarctic Expedition. Shackleton, having impressed those close to the expedition with his personality, was chosen to go with Scott to the South Pole on the famous Discovery expedition in the summer of 1901.The trip would be a bittersweet one, as Shackleton became seriously ill on the journey and had to be returned home. It was not an empty journey, however, as Shackleton gained invaluable experience in Antarctic expeditioning. Once recovered, he was asked to take a ship to rescue Scott and dissuade him from continuing for another winter at the Pole. Shackleton declined, wanting not to save Scott, but 'prove himself a better man' withhis own expedition.His dream was realised as commander of the Nimrod Expedition (1907-09), during which his team climbed Mount Erebus, made numerous important scientific discoveries and set a record by coming within 97 miles of the South Pole.Knighted in 1909, he commanded another voyage from 1914-1916 on the Endurance. The ship was crushed in the ice in 1915, yet he led his men to safety against all odds-making an incredible journey across 800 frozen miles to South Georgia to get aid--a testament to his skill as a leader of men.Shackleton's last journey would be with the goal of circumnavigating the Antarctic continent. Under great mental and physical stress, Shackleton died on South Georgia Island where his wife insisted he be buried.。
高中英语 Unit1Nothing ventured,nothing gainedUsing lan
Leave the water to stand overnight.让水沉淀。 Stand the mixture for 20 minutes and see what happens. 将混合溶液静置20分钟。
1. stand的意义及引申: v. 站立, 忍受, 位在; “使(液体)保持静止 不动；静置，沉淀”
She took a firm stand on nuclear disarmament. 她在核裁军的问题上态度很坚决。 He can’t stand hot weather. 受不住 Let the words stand. 不要改动这些字。
This meant that there were not enough vitamins or minerals and the food was the same day after day.
I think their greatest worry was not being rescued. They dealt with this by remaining cheerful, having musical evenings singing to the banjo and holding celebrations.
The teacher was advised to vary his teaching methods. 有人建议这位老师改变一下教学方法。
6. vary vi. & vt. 改变, 变化, 使多样化
Mom is a good cook; she varies the meals so that we never get tired of eating at home. 妈妈是个好厨师。她总是变换饭菜的ive people something to look forward to, create good relationships between the people who are celebrating and make everyone feel more cheerful. That is why Shackleton encouraged them.
高中英语Unit1NothingventurednothinggainedSectionⅠWarmi
Unit 1 Nothing ventured nothing gainedBlind man climbs Mount EverestErik Weihenmayer was born with an eye disorder.As a child his eyesight became worse and then ，at the age of 13，he lost his sight completely.However ，he did not lose his determination(决心)to lead a full and active life.Erik became an adventurer.He took up parachuting ，wrestling(摔跤)and scuba diving.He competed in long distance biking ，marathons and skiing.His favourite sport ，though ，is mountaineering.As a young man ，Erik started to climb mountains.He reached the summit(最高峰)of Mount McKinley in 1995 and then climbed the dangerous 1,000metre rock wall of El Capitan.Two years later ，while climbing Mount Kilimanjaro in Kenya with his girlfriend ，they stopped for a time at 1,200 metres above sea level — in order to get married.In 1999，he climbed Aconcagua ，the tallest mountain in South AmericA ．And then ，on 25th May,2001，at the age of 32，Erik successfully completed the greatest mountaineering challenge of all.He climbed Mount Everest ，the highest mountain in the world.Erik invented his own method for climbing mountains.He carries two long poles ：one to lean(倚靠)on and the other to test the way ahead of him.The climber in front of him wears a bell to guide him.Erik is a good team member.He does his share of the jobs ，such as setting up tents and building snow walls.Although he could not enjoy the view ，Erik felt the excitement of being on the summit of Everest.He hopes that his success will change how people think about the blind.“When people think about a blind person or blindness ，they will think about a person standing on top of the world.”Section_ⅠWarming_Up_&_ReadingⅠ.高频单词点击1．venture (v .)冒险，敢于去→adventure (n .)冒险→adventurer (n .)冒险家 2．endurance (n .)忍耐，持久→endure (v .)忍耐，忍受→endurable (adj .)可忍受的 3．cosy (adj .)舒适的，安逸的True (T ) or False (F )1．Erik Weihenmayer was around 21 years old when he climbed Mount McKinley.( )2．Because of his blindness ，Erik was unable to be an active team member when climbing Mount Everest.( ) 3．Erik got married in 1997.( ) 答案：4．rotten (adj.)腐烂的，变质的→rot (v.)腐烂5．blacken (v.)使变黑→black (adj.)黑的，(n.)黑色6．blast (n.)一阵(风)；一股(气流)7．hoarse (adj.)嘶哑的8．bless (v.)祝福，保佑→blessing (n.)祝福，幸运→blessed (adj.)神圣的9．hook (n.& v．)钩，钩住；迷上10．crush (v.)碾碎；粉碎，(n.)果汁，粉碎11．urgent (adj.)急迫的，紧急的→urge (v.)紧急→urgency (n.)紧急12．cheerful (adj.)高兴的，愉快的→cheer(v.& n．)高兴，干杯→cheerfully (adv.)高兴地13．persevere (v.)坚持→perseverance (n.)坚持，毅力14．morale (n.) 士气，精神状态15．swear (v.) 发誓，宣誓Ⅱ.重点短语必记1．remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事2．block out 封闭3．as usual 像往常一样4．hold on 坚持5．give way to 让路；让步6．set out 动身，着手做7．make sb.a steward 使某人成为一名膳务员Ⅲ.常用句型必备1．A spider was making its web while Robert the Bruce was watching it in a cave.2．“Hold on now，Perce.Don’t_you_go_turning_into_another_Tom，”comes the reply.3．So it was with great excitement one morning in July 1914 that I read this advertisement.Ⅳ.课文大意理解1．The word“grey”means the writer was________.A．sad B．gladC．angry D．happy答案：A2．The writers’ toes were black and rotten because they were________.A．bitten by sealsB．hurt while catching fishC．frozen by frostD．caused by some illness答案：C3．The writer went on the expedition________.A．because of Shackleton’s permissionB．without Shackleton’s permissionC．because he could make meals for the crewD．because he was selected by Shackleton答案：B4．When the ship sank，we saved the things EXCEPT________.A．food and candles B．cooking equipmentC．all the money we had D．bedding and clothes答案：C5．What did they do at last?A．They waited there for rescue.B．They all went to find help.C．Some of them went home.D．Some of them went for help and some remained waiting.答案：DⅤ.课文缩写填空Perce Blackborow was __1__when he knew there was an expedition with Shackleton.He secretly hid aboard but was found because of his __2__.He was made a steward on the ship.On January 18th,1915，the ship Endurance__3__because of the pack ice，Shackleton made an __4__announcement that we must save essential supplies，such as food，__5__and clothes.But he encouraged Hussey to bring his __6__，for he thought it could keep us __7__.Shackleton was always honest with the crew and never __8__disappointment，even when the ship sank.His __9__won their complete faith in him.On Elephant Island，all the people kept busy.They divided food and bedding fairly，which contributed to the __10__of the crew and saved their lives.5．bedding 6.banjo 7.cheerful 8.gave way to[单词点击]1．venture(1)n.[C](有风险的)商业，企业；冒险的行动He failed in his ventures.他投机失败。
高中英语Unit1NothingventurednothinggainedSectionⅠReadi
完成下面表格(每空不超过 3 词) ● I was 1.________ on expedition Cause ● Joining them at last ● Suffering from 2.________ at first ● Think of a 3.________ bedroom often ● My 4.________ from frostbite Course ● Getting stuck in pack ice ● Shackleton's 5.________ won our complete faith in him ● Our team spirit contributed to the 6.________ of the crew
“I, too, will try a seventh time！” cried Bruce. He arose and called his men together.He told them of his plans, and sent them out with messages of cheer to his disheartened people.Soon there was an army of brave Scotchmen around him.Anotherቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱbattle was fought, and the King of England was glad to go back into his own country.
2．What would they eat that night? A．Seal oil. B．Penguin soup. C．Nothing.
3. When did they start their expedition? A．In 1914. B．In 1915. C．In 1916.
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典题精讲经典例题例 1 （2006全国高考Ⅰ）_________ and happy,Tony stood up and accepted the prize.A.SurprisingB.SurprisedC.Being surprisedD.To be surprised思路解析:本题考查形容词短语在句中作状语的用法。
surprising意为“令人惊奇的”，多用来描述一件事或某个物品的性质;surprised 意为“感到惊奇的”，多用来描述人的心理状态，故A、D两项可排除;C项从语意上讲多用来指正在发生的动作，从语法上讲多在句中作原因状语，与此时的情景不符。
答案:B黑色陷阱:本题易错选C项。
原因是没有准确理解该题需要伴随状语，而非原因状语。
绿色通道:做该类题时，要分清现在分词短语和形容词短语在语法上的区别，是需要伴随状语还是需要原因状语。
例2(2006全国高考Ⅱ)It was not until she got home __________ Jenifer realized she had lost her keys.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.before思路解析:强调句的基本结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...”。
本题强调时间状语从句。
答案:B黑色陷阱:本题易错选C项。
原因是home表示地点，容易理解为后面要接定语从句。
绿色通道:解此类题的关键要准确识别强调句，其次，要记住关系词只能用that/who。
例3(2006北京高考) There have been several new events __________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.A.addB.to addC.addingD.added思路解析:add为及物动词,固定搭配为：add sth. to sth.。
add与 new events之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。
答案:D黑色陷阱:本题易错选A项。
误把several new events 作为本题的主语，没有正确理解该题的结构，该句型没有主语。
绿色通道:解此类题的关键要记住动词的固定搭配add sth. to sth.并理解add与 new events之间为动宾关系。
例4 (2006北京高考)Women ___________ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ___________ don’t.A.who;/B./;whoC.who;whoD./;/思路解析:此句中包含两个定语从句，且关系词在定语从句中都作主语，不能省略。
答案:C黑色陷阱:本题易错选A项。
原因是没有记住关系代词作主语时不能省略，其次，没有理解those don’t为省略结构，相当于those who don’t drink more than two cups of coffee a day。
绿色通道:做此类题时，要注意前后句子结构的对等关系，且后一个句子常为省略结构。
例 5 (2006天津高考)The Beatles, ___________ many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool.A.whatB.thatC.howD.as思路解析:根据句子结构和意义可知空格处应选用一个非限制性定语从句的引导词;what和how不引导定语从句，that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。
答案:D黑色陷阱:本题易错选C项。
误认为how many为固定搭配。
绿色通道:该题考查非限制性定语从句的引导词的用法。
做此类题时，一是要正确判断先行词，二是要弄清引导词在定语从句中所作的成分。
例6 (2006天津高考) Fitness is important in sport,but of at least ___________ importance are skills.A.fairB.reasonableC.equalD.proper思路解析:该句的正常语序为...but skills are of at least importance。
equal importance表示“同等重要的”。
答案:C黑色陷阱:本题易错选其他几项。
fair表示“公平的，公正的”， reasonable 表示“合理的”， proper表示“恰当的”。
例7 (2006天津高考)Russ and Earl were auto mechanics ___________ the same pay,but Earl had more ambition.A.to earnB.to have earnedC.earningD.earned思路解析:分析句子结构可知，该空格处的earn与Russ and Earl构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用earning。
答案:C黑色陷阱:本题易错选A项。
虽然不定式可作定语，但语意关系不对，不定式往往表示未发生的动作。
绿色通道:现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作;过去分词作定语强调动作的完成和被动;动词不定式作定语表示即将发生。
志鸿原创题Table Manners:a Cultural DifferenceFor many Westerners,the Chinese dinner table is terra incognita([拉]未发现的地域).There are no forks or knives for the Westerners to use.The Chinese host makesgreat,sweeping（大范围的）arm movements that go over large sections of the table passing over both food and friends alike.The scene is fantastic（非常好的）,but it leaves many foreigners at a loss（让……迷惑）for what to do.In most Western restaurants and homes there are rules about how to talk,eating and sitting are highly restrictive,and they create an atmosphere（气氛）that is completely different from what we find here in China.In my childhood home,dinner was enjoyed with hushed(压低声音的)voices,and the topics open for discussion were very much restricted.We were not allowed to bring up anything that was potentially unappetizing（倒胃口的）;body functions（上洗手间）,bugs,murder and mayhem（使人肢体伤残的行为）in general were all strictly forbidden topics.If I had to leave the table to use the toilet,I had to verbally e xcuse myself without mentioning what it was that I was going to do.“May I be excused,please?I need to wash my hands,” I would say.As for eating,we did it quietly.No eating noises were allowed.Everything must be done as quietly as possible.Therefore,we had to eat with our mouths closed.To make a “smacking” noise was,perhaps,the worst offence possible.While drinking soup or coffee or wine “slurping”（咕嘟咕嘟地喝）was also forbidden.If any sound whatever was created by our intake of food or beverage（饮料）,it constituted（构成）bad manners！With that in mind,it was,of course,unthinkable to speak with one’s mouth full of food,so speaking only occurred（发生）before or after one had taken in food and swallowed（吞咽）it.How one sits at the table is also prescribed（被规定的）.One is to sit up straight with the recessive（非主导的，隐性的）hand (usually the left)in one’s lap holding a napkin（餐巾）while the dominant hand (usually the right)holds the fork or spoon.The only time one is allowed to have both hands on the table is when one is using a knife to cut something,but as soon as the cutting is done,the recessive hand goes back to the lap.Also,elbows（肘）are not allowed on the table.Therefore,one props（撑着）the arm against the edge of the table just below the elbow.One should never reach for（伸手拿）any food on the table;one should ask someone sitting near it to give it to you.“Would you please pass the potatoes?” “May I trouble you for the salt?” These are phrases that you are likely to hear on any given night of the week at a family dinner.When a guest comes from the West to enjoy a meal with you,it would be a good idea for you to explain to your guest what will happen at dinner and to find out if a fork would be easier to use than chopsticks（筷子）.In my time in China,I have come to enjoy Chinese table manners far more than those prescribed by my own culture,but for many it is impossible to adjust（适应）.The best policy is to ask your guest questions to find out what he or she is comfortable with.1.What country do you think the writer come from?A.America.B.China.C.Japanese.D.Egypt.思路解析：答案A。