高口2000.3笔试
2000年11月上海市高级口译真题A卷
2000年11月上海市高级口译真题A卷一、口语题1、Topic:The information age and the promotion of China’s modernization2、Question for Reference:1. What do you know about the information age?2. Discuss the importance of information technology to China’s mode rnization.3. How could we prepare ourselves for the coming information revolution?二、口译题1、Part A （英译中）Passage 1:The 20th century has seen the rise and decline of a succession of industries in the United States. The automobile industry has had to struggle to meet the challenge of foreign competition. Many new industries have appeared. Many of the currently rising industries are among what are known as high-tech industries, because of their dependence on the latest developments in tech nology.∥High-tech industries tend to be highly automated and thus need fewer workers than traditional industries such as steel-making. As high-tech industries have grown and older industries have declined in recent years, the proportion of American workers employed in manufacturing has declined. Service industries—industries that sell a service rather than make a product—now dominate the economy.Passage 2:Like other degenerative diseases, heart disease is ordinarily present for a very long time in the body before obvious and drastic symptoms appear. In fact, for most young people in our country, heart often begins in their early twenties. It grows worse over the years until finally the inevitable heart attack strikes.∥For most people the first heart attack does not come until a certain age, say their fifties or sixties. But for thousands of people every year, the first heart attack comes in the twenties and occasionally even a person in his teens may experience a serious heart attack. In this way we can say that heart disease is more dangerous to the younger generation, since they are not at all prepared for it.2、Part B（中译英）Passage1:欢迎各位游览东海世界公园。
英语高级口译笔试备考经验与心得
英语高级口译笔试备考经验与心得英语高级口译笔试备考经验与心得英语高口如何呢?下面小编整理的英语高级口译笔试备考与心得，欢迎阅读。
前天高口口试出成绩，**月11日星期四，从上午开始心就一直惴惴不安，但是却怎么都下不下决心去查。
我知道成绩肯定已经摆在那儿了，可是心里却非常害怕会看到我不想看见的结果于是一直磨磨蹭蹭不查。
到了下午在上专业课的时候，我问群里面的一个朋友，他说你不敢查成绩就是逃避自己啊我一下子清醒了，心想最坏不也就是失败，有什么承担不起。
于是在课上，我翻出准考证号，在手机上点开高口的查分界面网速很快，一下子就出来了我满怀期待的看过去，两个字“及格”，顿时简直不敢相信自己的眼睛!我居然过了!瞬间被狂喜笼罩，想想自己复习过程中的辛苦，一瞬间觉得都是值得的。
从今年4月份开始了解这个考试以来，买笔试的书，一点一点了解、复习。
9月份参加笔试，10月8号查到笔试的分数，通过，纠结了几天要不要报名第一次的口试，下定了决心报名，开始复习口试。
11月22日南京场口试，12月11日查分，通过。
这一路走来，在大家网上获取了很多宝贵的经验和资料，当时在复习过程中就在心里想，要是能通过，一定要好好写一篇经验帖回报论坛，同时也给后来人提供我积累的一些经验，如果能给朋友们带来帮助那更是再好不过了。
如果大家有任何问题或疑问可以留言，我会尽我所能为大家解答的～了解到上海高级口译这个考试是因为我的一个姐姐。
我自己是法学专业的，大二的时候对考不考研很纠结于是就去问一个她，她建议我在学校的时候多学点东西，并告诉我上海高级口译证书和BEC 高级都是含金量较高的英语证书，如果目前时间比较多可以去考。
于是，我开始自己在网上搜集各种信息。
从上海高级口译证书网站，到百度百科，到偶然发现大家论坛里面的这个版块，都是自己一点点寻找信息。
上海高级口译证书简称高口，是上海紧缺人才培训工程重要项目之一，由上海市高校浦东继续教育中心(PCEC)负责组织实施。
上海英语高级口译证书第二阶段考试
上海英语高级口译证书第二阶段考试上海英语高级口译证书第二阶段考试，又称为“上海高口”，是衡量英语口译水平的重要考试之一。
作为国内最具权威性的口译考试之一，上海高口不仅对考生语言能力有严格要求，更对其综合素质和应变能力提出了挑战。
本文将深入分析上海高口的考试内容、特点以及备考策略，帮助考生更好地应对这一挑战。
一、考试概述上海高口考试主要考察考生的听力理解、口头表达、翻译技巧以及跨文化交际能力。
考试分为两个阶段：第一阶段为笔试，考察考生的英语综合能力；第二阶段为口试，着重考察考生的口语表达和翻译能力。
考生在通过第一阶段考试后才有资格参加第二阶段的口试。
二、考试特点1. 听力理解：上海高口听力部分涵盖了新闻听力、讲座听力、访谈听力等多个题型，要求考生具备快速捕捉关键信息、理解复杂语言结构的能力。
2. 口头表达：该部分要求考生能够清晰、流利地表达自己的观点，同时具备良好的语音语调和节奏感。
3. 翻译技巧：上海高口重视翻译的准确性和流畅性，要求考生在翻译过程中能够妥善处理文化差异，做到“信、达、雅”。
4. 跨文化交际：该部分考察考生在不同文化背景下的交际能力，要求考生能够理解不同文化之间的差异，避免文化冲突。
三、备考策略1. 制定科学的复习计划：备考上海高口需要投入大量的时间和精力，考生应根据自己的实际情况，制定科学的复习计划。
在计划中应充分考虑时间分配、复习进度和模拟考试等因素。
2. 注重听力训练：听力是上海高口考试的重点之一，考生应注重听力训练。
可以通过听英语新闻、看英语电影、听英语讲座等方式提高自己的听力水平。
同时，要学会利用听力的间隙时间，快速记录关键信息，提高听力效率。
3. 加强口语练习：口语表达是上海高口考试的另一重点，考生应加强口语练习。
可以通过模拟对话、参加英语角、与外教交流等方式提高自己的口语水平。
同时，要注意纠正自己的语音语调和语法错误，做到流利、准确地表达自己的观点。
4. 提高翻译技巧：翻译是上海高口的难点之一，考生应注重提高自己的翻译技巧。
上海高级口译笔试试题
上海高级口译笔试试题上海高级口译笔试试题分为听力、阅读、翻译和笔头口译四个部分，本文将对这四个部分进行详细解析。
听力部分听力部分分为两个部分：短对话和长篇听力。
在短对话中，考生需要通过听力理解对话内容，并回答相关问题。
而在长篇听力中，则是通过听力材料进行理解和全文把握。
阅读部分阅读部分主要考察考生的阅读理解能力。
题型涉及到阅读短文、文章摘要以及阅读理解题等。
考生需要准确理解文章中的主旨、细节和推理等内容，并根据所提问题选择正确答案。
翻译部分翻译部分要求考生将一段中文翻译成英文，或将一段英文翻译成中文。
要求考生准确翻译文章内容，把握语言表达和用词准确，同时保持译文的流畅和自然。
笔头口译部分笔头口译部分要求考生在规定时间内，将一段中文口头材料口译成英文，或将一段英文口头材料口译成中文。
考生需要准确理解内容，并用适当的语言表达出来，保持流畅和准确。
总结：上海高级口译笔试试题涵盖听力、阅读、翻译和笔头口译四个部分，要求考生熟练掌握口译技巧和理解能力。
考生需注重平时的积累和练习，提高自己的语言表达能力和笔头口译技巧，以应对口译笔试的挑战。
通过准确理解听力内容，并灵活运用所学知识和技巧，考生可以顺利回答相关问题。
在阅读部分，理解全文和抓住关键信息至关重要，考生需要有一个良好的阅读理解能力。
在翻译部分，考生需要熟悉中英文的表达规范和词汇，以准确翻译文章内容。
在笔头口译部分，考生需加强口语表达能力，通过实际训练提高自己的口译水平。
在备考过程中，考生可以通过听力练习、阅读理解练习、翻译练习和口译练习等方式来提高自己的能力。
同时，也需要保持良好的心态和充分的准备，以应对各种口译考试的要求。
综上所述，上海高级口译笔试试题涵盖听力、阅读、翻译和笔头口译四个部分，对考生的口译能力提出了较高的要求。
考生通过平时的练习和实践，注重技巧和知识的积累，可以有效应对口译笔试的挑战，取得良好的成绩。
高口笔试试卷
3月高口笔试试卷及(5)SECTION 5: READING TESTDirection: Read the following passage and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-3America’s population hit the 300 million mark yesterday—at 7:46 a.m. Eastern time, according to Census Bureau estimates. Nobody knows exactly who became America’s 300 millionth citizen. But demographers are summing up the milestone as a turning point that signals several trends to watch as the US—in contrast with Europe and Japan—deals with a steadily growing population.Politically and demographically, experts say, the shifts will begin to have an impact on regions of the country not yet used to the new diversity provided by the influx of Hispanics and Asians, which has already transformed California, Arizona, Texas, Florida, and New York.In coming years, Midwesterners, those in the Great Plains, rural areas, and small towns everywhere will begin to deal with the challenges of new ethnic and racial residents, says William Frey, a population expert at the Brookings Institution in Washington. And the country as a whole will begin to be more dominated by a young/old divide than the current liberal/conservative model that dominates political discourse.“This means we are going to transform the current, red/blue political dichotomy to one where the nation is separated by age ... young vs. old,” says Mr. Frey. “The issuesof younger generations dealing with children and opportunities for minorities will clash with those of the aging baby boomers whose voters are concerned with issues of aging and Social Security and Medicare,” he adds. “Both parties will have to adjust to this new dichotomy.”The new milestone hasn’t generated much hoopla. That’s in sharp contrast to 1967, when President Johnson hailed the 200 millionth American, and Life magazine dispatched a cadre of photographers to find a baby born at the exact moment. One reason is that population growth has become controversial, especially in an election year when immigration is a hot-button issue and politicians are wary.Commerce Secretary Carlos Gutierrez says the Bush administration is not playing down the milestone, though he had no plans for Tuesday. “I would hate to think that we are going to be low-key about this,” he says, since growth helps the economy.While it’s hard to prove that population growth spurs economic growth, th e two often go hand in hand, according to experts quoted in the Monitor’s recently published series: “US population: 300 million.” For example: a nation with a rising population can support its retirees far more easily than one with a declining population. That’s an advantage for the US, which is virtually the only developed nation expected to grow this century.But population growth has less rosy implications, the Monitor series points out. Some experts worry that the land can’t sustain the extra 100 m illion people expected by 2043. Another challenge is sprawl, the dominant model of development, which gobbles up forest and prairie.1. Why does the author say that the nation’s reaction to the new milestone of 300 million is “in sharp contrast to 1967” (para.5)?2. Introduce briefly population expert William Frey’s comment on the challenges from the growth of America’s population.3. Why does the Monitor say that “population growth has less rosy implications” (para.8)?Questions 4-6British police forces are reviewing more than 450 unsolved crimes in a push to capitalise on dramatic advances in DNA forensic science. The advent of new ways to collect DNA from items at crime scenes, coupled with powerful analytical tools, has made it possible to obtain DNA profiles of suspects from undetected crimes or cold cases committed nearly 20 years ago, according to a Home Office spokeswoman. The operation has already identified 42 suspects.The reviews focus on serious, often sexual offences and encompass at least 451 crimes committed between 1989 and 1995. Forensic scientists are returning to items of evidence stored at the time, from scraps of clothing to microscope slides holding just a few cells obtained from victims.This week, scientists at the Forensic Science Service, which manages the police national DNA database, used the pioneering technique of familial searching to help convict James Lloyd, a shoe fetishist who pleaded guilty to six sexual assaults at Sheffield crown court.The conviction came after scientists recovered DNA from a 20-year-old sperm sample held on a micropscope slide. While the DNA did not match anyone on the DNA database, scientists searched again for similar DNA profiles and found a close match with his sister.The high-profile success follows the first use of a new intelligence tool known aspendulum list searching (PLS) which led to the conviction last month of Duncan Turner for a sexual assault in Birmingham in August 2005. Scientists working on the case found a mixture of DNA from different people on a pair of sunglasses found at the crime scene. They used PLS to generate a list of theoretical DNA profiles that could make up the mix. Some 500 pairs of theoretical DNA fingerprints were entered into the database, and one matched Turner. The FSS ploughed a further ￡6m into research last year and more powerful and precise techniques are in the pipeline.Part of the push to review cold cases of sexual assaults comes from the development of a technique called Fish, or Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation, which allows forensic experts to identify and pluck just a few male cells from a swab of female cells taken from the victim. The technique identifies male cells by dyeing green only those carrying the male Y chromosome. Once they are stained, another new tool, laser microdissection, is used to cut them out and collect them, so a full profile can be obtained.Jim Fraser, a forensic scientist who served as an expert witness in the case of Michael Stone, who was convicted of a double murder in Kent in 1996, said advances in DNA science had already led to suspects being identified beyond the grave and would continue to become more powerful. “The long arm of the law is getting considerably longer—there’s really no hiding place now,” he said.According to Cathy Turner, a consultant forensic scientist at the FSS, the rapid advances in DNA technology have transformed the role of forensic scientists. “We’ve gone beyond corroborating allegations to using DNA and other techniques to provide fresh intelligence,” she said. The swelling of the police national DNA database, which now holds profiles for 3.5m people, has in the last five years quadrupled the number ofcases in which DNA is used. It provides police with some 3,000 matches to suspects every month.The national DNA database has been criticised by privacy groups, who fear the privatised database could potentially be misused, but for police forces it is an invaluable resource, said Dr Fraser. “None of this ev idence is infallible, irrefutable or unarguable. But it’s pretty much the best evidence that’ll ever be presented to the criminal justice system by some considerable way,” he said.4. What is the function of PLS? Illustrate the use of PLS by scientists.5. Explain the sentence “The long arm of the law is getting considerably longer”. (para.7)6. What is the controversy over the use of the national DNA database?Questions 7-10The new SAT scores are out, and buried in them is a sign of hope for American education. True, the scores are actually a bit lower than last year’s; the combined average for the SA T’s math and reading sections fell 7 points, to 1021, the biggest decrease since 1975, when the score dropped 16 points, to 1010. But statistically speaking, a 7-point decline (out of a possible 1600 on those two sections) isn’t much. It’s less than the value of a single question, which is about 10 points. Also, the SAT was radically changed last year. The College Board made it longer and added Algebra II, more grammar and an essay. Fewer kids wanted to take the new 3-hr. 45-min. test more than once, so fewer had an opportunity to improve their performance. Scores were bound to slide.But tucked into the reams of data the College Board included with the new scores was some wonderful news: 1 was wrong. In 2003 I spent six months tracking thedevelopment of the new SAT. I sat through hours of test-development sessions and even learned how to grade SAT essays. TIME ran my resulting story on its cover that October.The story did make some predictions that turned out to be right. For instance, the new test favors girls more than the old one did. It is a long-standing tenet of testmaking that girls outperform boys on writing exams. For reasons I am not foolish enough to speculate about in print, girls are better than boys at fixing grammar and constructing essays, so the addition of a third SAT section, on writing, was almost certain to shrink the male-female score gap. It did. Girls trounced boys on the new writing section, 502 to 491. Boys still outscored girls overall, thanks largely to boys’ 536 average on the math section, compared with girls’ 502. But boys now lead on the reading section by just 3 points, 505 to 502; the gap was 8 points last year. What changed? The new test has no analogies (“bird is to nest” as “dog is to doghouse”), and boys usually clobbered girls on analogies.My story also predicted that the addition of the writing section would damage the SAT’S reliability. Reliability is a measure of how similar a test’s results are from one sitting to the next. The pre-2005 SAT had a standard error of measurement of about 30 points per section. In other words, if you got a 500 on the math section, your “true” score was anywhere between 470 and 530. But the new writing section, which includes not only a multiple-choice grammar segment but also the subjective essay, has a standard error of measurement of 40 points. That means a kid who gets a 760 in writing may actually be a perfect 800—or a clever-but-no-genius 720. In short, the College Board sacrificed some reliability in order to include writing.Finally, I was right about one other thing: that the graders would reward formulaic,colorless writing over sharp young voices. The average essay score for kids who wrote in the first person was 6.9, compared with 7.2 for those who didn’t. (A 1 -to-12 scale is used to grade essays. That score is then combined with the score on the grammar questions and translated into the familiar 200 to 800 points.) As my editors know well, first-person writing can flop. But the College Board is now distributing a guide called “20 Outstanding SA T Essays”—all of them perfect scores—and many are unbearably mechanical and cliched.Still, there’s go od news. The central contention of my 2003 story was that the SAT’S shift from an abstract-reasoning test to a test of classroom material like Algebra 11 would hurt kids from failing schools. I was worried that the most vulnerable students would struggle on the new version. Instead, the very poorest children—those from families earning less than $20,000 a year—improved their SAT performance this year. It was a modest improvement (just 3 points) but significant, given the overall slump in scores. And noncitizen residents and refugees saw their scores rise an impressive 13 points. It was middleclass and rich kids who account for the much reported decline.What explains those wonderfully unpredictable findings? The College Board has no firm answers, but its top researcher, Wayne Camara, suggests a (somewhat self-serving) theory: the new SAT is less coachable. When designing the new test, the board banned analogies and “quantitative comparisons”. “1 think those items disadvantaged students who did not have the resources, the motivation, the awareness to figure out how to approach them,” says Camara. “By eliminating those, the test becomes much less about strategy.” Because it focu ses more on what high schools teach and less on tricky reasoning questions, the SAT is now more, not less,egalitarian.Sometimes it’s nice to be wrong.7. What are some of the “right” predictions the author made about the new SAT a few years ago?8. Why does the author say that the addition of the writing section would “damage the SAT’s reliability” (para.4)?9. What is the “good news” (para.6) about the SAT according to the passage?10. What does Wayne Camara mean by saying that “the n ew SAT is less coachable” (para. 7)?。
高口笔试试卷
3月高口笔试试卷及(7) 参考答案SECTION 1: LISTENING TESTPart A: Spot Dictation1. is jeopardizing2. consumer protection organizations3. welcomed development4. protect the interests of5. become over-dependent on professional workers6. your self-esteem and relationships7. the art of persistence8. not-so-pleasant messages9. “Don’t make a scene”10. assertiveness training11. When a record is scratched12. jump to turn it off13. in an assertive and relaxed manner14. agrees to negotiate with you15. in danger of being abused16. articulate but irrelevant arguments17. have nothing more to worry about18. abusive or manipulative19. a self-protective skill20. your time and energy is preciousPart B: Listening Comprehension1. C2. D3. A4. B5. C6. C7. B8. B9. C10. D11. B12. D13. A14. C15. D16. A17. C18. B19. D20.ASECTION 2: READING TEST1. B2. B3. C4. C5.A6. C7. D8. A9. D10. A11. A12. D13. B14. B15. C16. C17. B18. D19. D20. DSECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST【参考译文】彼得?德鲁克在世时就已成为传奇人物。
上海高口笔试分数段
上海高口笔试分数段
根据上海高口考试历年的数据统计，可以将考生的笔试分数划分为不同的分数段。
下面是对上海高口笔试分数段的一个常见划分方式：
1. 高分段：90分以上
这个分数段代表着考生在笔试中表现出色，具有很高的英语水平。
他们可能具备流利的口语表达能力，良好的听力和阅读理解能力，以及扎实的语法和词汇基础。
2. 中高分段：80-90分
这个分数段的考生也有相当不错的英语能力，但可能在某些方面有所欠缺或者稍有不足。
他们可能需要在口语表达或者阅读理解方面进行进一步的提升和训练。
3. 中等分段：70-80分
这个分数段的考生具备一定的英语基础，但还有一些需要改进的地方。
他们可能需要加强词汇量的积累，提高听力和阅读理解的能力，并且加强口语训练。
4. 中低分段：60-70分
这个分数段的考生需要加强英语的基础知识和技能。
他们可能在词汇量、语法和听力理解方面有所欠缺，需要更多的学习和训练。
5. 低分段：60分以下
这个分数段的考生可能需要重新审视自己的英语学习方法和学习效果。
他们可能需要重新构建自己的学习计划，加强英语的基础知识和技能，并且积极参与口语练习和阅读训练。
需要注意的是，这只是一种常见的划分方式，实际上每年的考试难度和分数分布可能有所不同，所以考生在参加高口考试前应该根据自己的实际情况，制定合理的学习计划，有针对性地提升自己的英语能力，力争在考试中获得更好的成绩。
2005.3高口参考答案(全)
2005年3月高级口译笔试参考答案SECTION 1: LISTENING TESTPart A: Spot Dictation1. spent talking 11. work subordinates and their superiors2. one third and 90 per cent 12. five universal rules3. Working relationships 13. Respect the other’s privacy4. informal contacts 14. in confidence with5. co-operation at work 15. favors or compliments6. job satisfaction and well-being 16. nobody breaks these rules7. as general markers 17. good social skills8. Through interviews with 18. never or hardly ever9. asked others to rate 19. monitor their reactions10. relationships with spouses 20. look quite frequently at the person Part B: Listening Comprehension1—5 C D D B A 6—10 B C C B D11—15 D A B D C 16—20 C B A D CSECTION 2: READING TEST1—5 CBABD 6—10 AADBB11—15 BACDC 16—20 CBADCSECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST然而美国却从其近邻的殖民地纷争中得到了巨大的好处。
上海高口笔试评分标准
上海高口笔试评分标准上海高口笔试评分标准是指对参加上海高等教育自学考试的考生进行笔试成绩评分的一套标准化规定。
笔试评分标准的制定，旨在确保对所有考生进行公平、公正的评分，从而客观地反映他们的知识水平和能力。
下面将从内容、结构、语言表达等方面对上海高口笔试评分标准进行详细介绍。
一、内容。
上海高口笔试评分标准要求考生在答题时，能够准确理解题目要求，清晰表达自己的观点，且内容充实、论证充分。
评分时将主要考察以下几个方面：1. 是否理解题目要求，考生是否能够准确理解题目要求，明确回答问题，不偏离主题。
2. 内容充实，考生是否能够举例论证，提供充分的论据支持自己的观点，内容是否具有说服力。
3. 观点明确，考生是否能够清晰表达自己的观点，逻辑严谨，论证合理。
二、结构。
上海高口笔试评分标准要求考生在答题时，能够合理组织文章结构，层次清晰，条理分明。
评分时将主要考察以下几个方面：1. 思路清晰，文章是否有明确的开头、中间和结尾，思路是否清晰，层次分明。
2. 条理分明，文章是否有中心论点，各段落之间是否有合理的过渡，使整篇文章结构紧凑。
3. 结构完整，文章是否完整，逻辑严谨，没有遗漏重要内容。
三、语言表达。
上海高口笔试评分标准要求考生在答题时，能够准确、生动、简洁地表达观点，语言通顺，表达准确。
评分时将主要考察以下几个方面：1. 语言准确，文章中是否有语法错误、词语搭配不当等问题，是否使用了恰当的词汇和表达方式。
2. 生动形象，文章是否能够生动形象地描述事物，用词精准，表达生动。
3. 简洁明了，文章表达是否简洁明了，语言通顺，表达清晰。
综上所述，上海高口笔试评分标准是对参加上海高等教育自学考试的考生进行笔试成绩评分的一套标准化规定。
评分时主要考察内容、结构、语言表达等方面，要求考生能够准确理解题目要求，合理组织文章结构，准确、生动、简洁地表达观点。
希望考生在备考时能够充分了解评分标准，做好充分准备，取得优异的成绩。
3月高口笔试试卷及(2)
3月高口笔试试卷及(2)SECTION 2: READING TESTDirections: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-5When Harvey Ball took a black felt-tip pen to a piece of yellow paper in 1963, he never could have realized that he was drafting the face that would launch 50 million buttons and an eventual war over copyright. Mr. Ball, a commercial artist, was simply filling a request from Joy Young of the Worcester Mutual Insurance Company to create an image for their “smile campaign” to coach employees to be more congenial in their customer relations. It seems there was a hunger for a bright grin—the original order of 100 smiley-face buttons were snatched up and an order for 10,000 more was placed at once.The Worcester Historical Museum takes this founding moment seriously. “Just as you’d want to know the biography of General Washington, we realized we didn’t know the comprehensive history of the Smiley Face,” says Bil l Wallace, the executive director of the historical museum where the exhibit “Smiley—An American Icon” opens to the public Oct. 6 in Worcester, Mass.Worcester, often referred to by neighboring Bostonians as “that manufacturing town off Route 90,” lays claim to several other famous commercial firsts, the monkey wrench and shredded wheat among them. Smiley Face is a particularly warm spot inthe city’s history. Through a careful historical analysis, Mr. Wallace says that while the Smiley Face birthplace is undisputed, it took several phases of distribution before the distinctive rounded-tipped smile with one eye slightly larger than the other proliferated in the mainstream.As the original buttons spread like drifting pollen with no copyright attached, a bank in Seattle next realized its commercial potential. Under the guidance of advertising executive David Stern, the University Federal Savings & Loan launched a very public marketing campaign in 1967 centered on the Smiley Face. It eventually distributed 150,000 buttons along with piggy banks and coin purses. Old photos of the bank show giant Smiley Face wallpaper.By 1970, Murray and Bernard Spain, brothers who owned a card shop in Philadelphia, were affixing the yellow grin to everything from key chains to cookie jars along with “Have a happy day.” “In the 1970s, there was a trend toward happiness,” says Wallace. “We had assassinated a president, we were in a war with Vietnam, and people were looking for [tokens of] happiness. [The Spain brothers] ran with it.”The Smiley Face resurged in the 1990s. This time it was fanned by a legal dispute between Wal-Mart, who uses it to promote its low prices, and Franklin Loufrani, a Frenchman who owns a company called SmileyWorld. Mr. Loufrani says he created the Smiley Face and has trademarked it around the world. He has been distributing its image in 80 countries since 1971.Loufrani’s actions irked Ball, who felt that such a universal symbol should remain in the public domain in perpetuity. So in a pleasant proactive move, Ball declared in 1999 that the first Friday in October would be “World Smile Day” to promote generalkindness and charity toward children in need. Ball died in 2001.The Worcester exhibit opens on “World Smile Day”, Oct. 6. It features a plethora of Smiley Face merchandise—from the original Ball buttons to plastic purses and a toilet seat—and contemporary interpretations by local artists. The exhibit is scheduled to run through Feb. 11.1. According to the passage, the Worcester Historical Museum ______.(A) concentrates on the collection of the most famous commercial firsts the city has invented(B) has composed a comprehensive history of the Smiley Face through the exhibition(C) treats Smiley Face as the other famous commercial firsts the city has produced(D) has organized the exhibit to arouse the Americans’ patriotism2. When the author used the expression “spread like drifting pollen “(para.4) to describe the gradual distribution of Smiley Face, he implies that ________.(A) Harvey Ball did not claim the copyright of the yellow grin button(B) the Smiley Face was immediately accepted by the public(C) the button was not sold as an ordinary commercial product(D) Harvey Ball had the intention to abandon the copyright of Smiley Face3. Why did Bill Wallace mention the assassination of the then American president and the Vietnam War in the 1970s?(A) To have a review of the contemporary American history.(B) To remind people that we should never forget the past.(C) To explain why Americans liked the Smiley Face during that period.(D) To show how the Spain brothers made a fortune through selling the yellow grin.4. In the expression “Loufrani’s actions irked Ball” (para.7), the word “irked” can best be replaced by ______.(A) perplexed(B) provoked(C) irritated(D) challenged5. Which of the following is NOT true about the “World Smile Day”?(A) It was established to commemorate the founder Harvey Ball.(B) It was to promote general kindness and charity toward children in need.(C) It was declared by Harvey Ball in 1999.(D) It was decided to be held on the first Friday in October each year.Questions 6-10Good teachers matter. This may seem obvious to anyone who has a child in school or, for that matter, to anyone who has been a child in school. For a long time, though, researchers couldn’t actually prove that teaching talent was important. But new research finally shows that teacher quality is a close cousin to student achievement: A great teacher can cram one-and-a-half grades’ worth of learning into a single year, while laggards are lucky to accomplish half that much. Parents and kids, it seems, have been right all along to care whether they were assigned to Mrs. Smith or Mr. Brown.Yet, while we know now that better teachers are critical, flaws in the way that administrators select and retain them mean that schools don’t always hire the best.Many ingredients for good teaching are difficult to ascertain in advance—charismaand diligence come to mind—but research shows a teacher’s own ability on standardized tests reliably predicts good performance in the classroom. You would think, then, that top-scoring teachers would be swimming in job offers, right? Not so, says Vanderbilt University professor Dale Ballou. High-scoring teaching applicants “do not fare better than others in the job market,” he writes. “Indeed, remarkably they do somewhat worse.”Even more surprising, given the national shortage of highly skilled math and science teachers, school administrators are more keen to hire education majors than applicants who have math or science degrees. No one knows for sure why those who hire teachers routinely overlook top talent. Perhaps they wrongly think that the qualifications they shun make little difference for students. Also, administrators are probably naturally drawn to teachers who remind them of themselves.But failing to recognize the qualities that make teachers truly effective (and to construct incentives to attract and retain more of these top performers) has serious consequences. For example, because schools don’t always hire the best applicants, across-the-board salary increases cannot improve teacher quality much, and may even worsen it. That’s because higher salaries draw more weak as well as strong applicants into teaching—applicants the current hiring system can’t adequately screen. Unless administrators have incentives to hire the best teachers available, it’s pointless to give them a larger group to choose from.If public school hiring processes are bad, their compensation policies are worse. Most districts pay solely based on years of experience and the presence of a master’s degree, a formula that makes the Federal General Schedule—which governs pay for U.S. bureaucrats—look flexible. Study after study has shown that teachers withmaster’s degrees are no better than those without. Job experience does matter, but only for the first few years, according to research by Hoover Institution’s Eric A. Hanushek.A teacher with 15 years of experience is no more effective, on average, than a teacher with five years of experience, but which one do you think is paid more?This toxic combination of rigid pay and steep rewards for seniority causes average quality to decline rather than increase as teacher groups get older. Top performers often leave the field early for industries that reward their excellence. Mediocre teachers, on the other hand, are soon overcompensated by seniority pay. And because they are paid more than their skills command elsewhere, these less-capable pedagogues settle in to provide many years of ineffectual instruction.So how can we separate the wheat from the chaff in the teaching profession? To make American schools competitive, we must rethink seniority pay, the value of master’s degrees, and the notion that a teacher can teach everything equally well—especially math and science—without appropriate preparation in the subject.Our current education system is unlikely to accomplish this dramatic rethinking. Imagine, for a moment, that American cars had been free in recent decades, while Toyotas and Hondas sold at full price. We’d probably be driving Falcons and Corvairs today. Free public education suffers from a lack of competition in just this way. So while industries from aerospace to drugs have transformed themselves in order to compete, public schooling has stagnated.School choice could spark the kind of reformation this industry needs by motivating administrators to hire the best and adopt new strategies to keep top teachers in the classroom. The lesson that good teachers matter should be taught, not as a theory, but as a practice.6. T he beginning sentence “Good teachers matter.” can mainly be explained as which of the following?(A) Good teachers help students establish confidence.(B) Good teachers determine the personality of students.(C) Good teachers promote student achievement.(D) Good teachers treat students as their own children.7. According to the author, seniority pay favors ________.(A) good teachers’ with master’s degrees(B) young and effective teachers(C) experienced and effective teachers(D) mediocre teachers of average quality8. The expression “separate the wheat from the chaff in the teaching profession” is closest in meaning to ________.(A) distinguish better teachers from less capable ones(B) differentiate young teachers from old ones(C) tell the essential qualities of good teaching(D) reevaluate the role of senior teachers9. When the author uses the automobile industry as an example, she argues that ________.(A) Japan’s auto industry is exceeding America’s auto industry(B) the public schooling has stagnated because of competition(C) the current American education system is better than the Japanese one(D) competition must be introduced into the public education system10. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?(A) Most average teachers want to leave school because of high pressure.(B) Excellent teachers often leave schools for better jobs.(C) The average quality of the teachers in America is declining.(D) Teachers’ quality is closely related to a number of factors.Questions 11-15The British author Salman Rushdie is selling his personal archive to a wealthy American university. The archive, which includes personal diaries written during the decade that he spent living in hiding from Islamic extremists, is being bought by the Emory University in Atlanta for an undisclosed sum. The move has sparked concern that Britain’s literary heritage is being lost to foreign buyers. The archive also includes two unpublished novels.Rushdie, 59, said last week that his priority had been to “find a good home” for his papers, but admitted that money had also been a factor. “I don’t see why I should give them away,” he said. “It seemed to me quite reasonable that one should be paid.” The sum involved is likely to match or exceed similar deals. In 2003 Emory bought the archive of Ted Hughes, the late poet laureate, for a reported $600,000. Julian Barnes, the author of Flaubert’s Parrot, is said to have sold his papers to the University of Texas at Austin for $200,000.Rushdie was born in Bombay (Mumbai) but educated in Britain. His book Midnight’s Children was voted the best Booker prize winner in 25 years and he is regarded as a leading British literary novelist. The sale of his papers will annoy the British Library, which is about to hold a conference to discuss how to stop famous writers’ archives being sold abroad.Yesterday Clive Field, the director .of scholarship and collections at the library,said: “I am pleased that Rushdie’s papers will be preserved in a publicly accessible institution, but disappointed that we didn’t have an opportunity to discuss the acquisition of the archive with him.” Rushdie’ said the British Library “never asked me about the archive”.Emory University enjoys a large endowment thanks to a student who became a senior executive at Coca-Cola, and already holds the archives of the poets W B Yeats and Seamus Heaney, as well as Hughes. “Emory seems to be very serious about building a collection of contemporary literature,” said Rushdie. “Not only do they have the papers of Hughes and Heaney, but also Paul Muldoon and other writers. I got the sense that they want to collect contemporary novelists as well and it just felt very good to be part of that.”Rushdie, who now lives in New York, has accepted a position as a visiting fellow and will spend a month on the campus in Decatur, a leafy suburb of Atlanta, every year until 2012. “They asked if I’d ever thought about putting my archive anywhere and, to tell you the truth, until that moment I really hadn’t,” Rushdie said.“My archive is so voluminous that I don’t have room in my house for it and it’s in an outside storage facility. I was worried about that and wanted to feel it was in a safe place.” The papers will be open for scholars to study with one key exception: the “fatwa” diaries that Rushdie wrote under threat of death from Islamic extremists for writing The Satanic Verses. He spent a decade in hiding under the protection of Scotland Yard after Ayatollah Khomeini, then leader of Iran, called the book “blasphemous against Islam” in 1989.The author may use the diaries as the basis for a book: “I wouldn’t want them out in the open, 1 want to be the first person to have a go at the material, whether as aserious autobiography or as a memoir.” He was ambivalent about the idea of scholars studying his papers. “The whole thing is very bizarre, you know, it’s like imagining someone going t hrough your underwear.”The two unpublished novels—The Antagonist, influenced by Thomas Pynchon, the American writer, and The Book of Peer—were written by Rushdie in the 1970s: “The Antagonist was a contemporary London novel, set around Ladbroke Grove where I was living at the time. I think it was embarrassingly Pynchonesque.”Chris Smith, the former culture minister who chairs the UK Literary Heritage Working Group, said: “It is a very sad day for British literature and scholarship. Our literary heritage is arguably our greatest contribution to culture and we should be taking special care to protect that.” Andrew Motion, the poet laureate, last week called for the government to remove Vat from unbound papers, which increases the cost of purchases in this country. Stephen Enniss, of Emory University, said: “There is worldwide interest in Rushdie. We are catering for the long-term care of the archive and will welcome scholars from all over the world.”11. It can be learned from the passage that the British author Salman Rushdie ______.(A) lived in hiding under the protection of Scotland Yard for a decade(B) had spent the decade living in Scotland Yard until 1998(C) lived in hiding in New York for one decade(D) had moved from place to place since the publication of The Satanic Verses12. According to the passage, the British Library ______.(A) is going to buy back Rushdie’s personal archive from Amory University(B) opposes the American universities’ acquisition of archives from Britishliterary people(C) has discussed with Salman Rushdie about the acquisition of his personal archive(D) has expressed much concern over foreign buyers’ acquisition of Britain’s literary heritage13. It can be concluded from the passage that the Emory University has collected the archives of all the following British poets EXCEPT ______.(A) Ted Hughes(B) Andrew Motion(C) W B Yeats(D) Seamus Heaney14. According to the passage, the “fatwa” dia ries (para.7) ______.(A) were not included in the archive sold to the Emory University(B) will not be open to the public in the near future(C) were all about the writing of The Satanic Verses(D) will soon be published to expose the persecution of Islamic extremists15. Why was Salman Rushdie ambivalent about the idea of scholars studying his papers?(A) He was afraid that he would be pursued by Islamic extremists again.(B) The scholars might use the papers to write a biography about him.(C) He felt that his privacy might be easily exposed to the public.(D) He could not imagine what kind of consequences would be following.Questions 16-20At the tail end of the 19th century, Friedrich Nietzsche suggested that naturalhistory—which he saw as a war against fear and superstition—ought to be narrated “in such a way that everyone who hears it is irresistibly inspired to strive after spiritual and bodily health and vigour,” and he grumbled that artists had y et to discover the right language to do this.“Nonetheless,” Nietzsche admitted, “the English have taken admirable steps in the direction of that ideal ... the reason is that they [natural history books] are written by their most distinguished scholars—whole, complete and fulfilling natures.”The English language tradition of nature writing and narrating natural history is gloriously rich, and although it may not make any bold claims to improving health and wellbeing, it does a good job—for readers and the subjects of the writing. Where the insights of field naturalists meet the legacy of poets such as Clare, Wordsworth, Hughes and Heaney, there emerges a language as vivid as any cultural achievement.That this language is still alive and kicking and read every day in a newspaper is astounding. So to hold a century’s worth of country diaries is, for an interloper like me, both an inspiring and humbling experience. But is this the best way of representing nature, or is it a cultural default? Will the next century of writers want to shake loose from this tradition? What happens next?Over the years, nature writers and country diarists have developed an increasingly sophisticated ecological literacy of the world around them through the naming of things and an understanding of the relationships between them. They find ways of linking simple observations to bigger issues by remaining in the present, the particular. For writers of my generation, a nostalgia for lost wildlife and habitats and the business of bearing witness to a war of attrition in the countryside colours what we’re about. The anxieties of future generations may not be the same.Articulating the “wild” as a qualitative character of nature and context for the more quantitative notion of biodiversity will, I believe, become a more dynamic cultural project. The re-wilding of lands and seas, coupled with a re-wilding of experience and language, offers fertile ground for writers. A response to the anxieties springing from climate change, and a general fear of nature answering our continued environmental injustices with violence, will need a reassessment of our feelings for the nature we like—cultural landscapes, continuity, native species—as well as the nature we don’t like—rising seas, dr oughts, “invasive” species.Whether future writers take their sensibilities for a walk and, like a pack of wayward dogs unleashed, let them loose in hills and woods to sniff out some fugitive truth hiding in the undergrowth, or choose to honestly recount the this-is-where-I-am, this-is-what-I-see approach, they will be hitched to the values implicit in the language they use. They should challenge these.Perhaps they will see our natural history as a contributor to the commodification of nature and the obsessive managerialism of our times. Perhaps they will see our romanticism as a blanket thrown over the traumatised victim of the countryside. But maybe they will follow threads we found in the writings of others and find their own way to wonder.16. The major theme of the passage is about ______.(A) the 19th century philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche(B) the development of the discipline of natural history(C) the English language tradition of nature writing(D) the style of nature writing and country diaries17. In writing the essay, the author seems to be directly talking to the “futuregenerations” and “future writers” probably because ______.(A) they will carry forward the tradition of nature writing(B) they will confront a changing environment and have their own perspective of natural history(C) they will study the causes of climate change and promote the notion and significance of biodiversity(D) they will value more the sophisticated ecological literacy of the nature writers and country diarists18. The author says that our feelings for the nature we like (as well as the nature we don’t like) will need a “reassessment” probably because ______.(A) we should not like the cultural landscapes, continuity and native species(B) we should not hate the rising seas, droughts, and “invasive” species(C) our feelings are often irrational and subjective(D) our feelings are always focusing on ourselves19. It can be concluded that the tone of the passage is basically ______.(A) assertive and radical(B) explicit and straightforward(C) neutral and impartial(D) implicit and explorative20. Which of the following statements is NOT in agreement with the author’s view?(A) The English tradition of nature writing should be reflected and reconsidered.(B) The values implicit in the language of natural history should be challenged.(C) The re-wilding of human experience and language will greatly benefit us.(D) The re-wilding of lands and seas will bring us more disasters.。
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2000.3月上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试SECTION 1：LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONL Y ONCE.For centuries Oxford has been at Britain's intellectual heart, perhaps the___________(1) among Europe's many ancient universities. It is an exclusive greenhouse in which the country's _____________(2) are bred, and it lies only 50 miles from London, close to the centers of power —Parliament, the Law Courts and the City. Oxford University has _____________(3) from all over the world who have gone on to achieve the highest position in their own countries _____________(4), administration, science and the arts. Oxford alumini include _____________(5), literary figures and such overseas politicians as American President Bill Clint on and former Pakistani _____________(6) Benazir Bhutto.Fewer positions _____________(7) are grander than being head of an Oxford college. Usually the post _____________(8) of diplomat, administrator and academic. As Sir Roger Bannister, former Master of Pembroke College, put it :“_____________(9) was a new challenge. You have to recognize _____________(10) of the students and you have to help _____________(11). The three-year period students spend at Oxford is the most important of their lives; it _____________(12) and the friendships they form in their university days will _____________(13).”Every year, _____________(14) from home and abroad only a few hundred are chosen by each college through an increasingly _____________(15). Once they are accepted, the undergraduates benefit from _____________(16). The most notable and the rarest of these privileges in the one to one tutorial, at which a student _____________(17) to the tutor. It is a personal system that goes back to the 13th century. The relationship of _____________(18) that can develop between teacher and pupil over three years can be lasting as it is_____________(19). Years after students have left the university, they often return to their tutors _____________(20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken only once. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) primary school principal.(B) A teacher of English and other subjects.(C) A short-story writer(D) A poet.2. (A) The USA. (B) Britain.(C) Singapore. (D) Malaysia.3. (A) Education in Singapore.(B) Poems and short stories.(C) English medium schools.(D) A research project.4. (A) She's going to write some poems herself.(B) She will have some poems published.(C) She wants to use poems which are already published.(D) She wants the children to write poems.5. (A) Only the man is pleased. (B) Only the woman is pleased.(C) Both of them are pleased. (D) Neither of them is pleased.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) The digging of a major tunnel was slowing down.(B) A water supply project failed because of unexpected difficulties.(C) Eight people were killed in a train accident.(D) A helicopter was reported missing.7. (A) To go on providing humanitarian aid. (B) To increase the food supply.(C) To revise the oil-for-food programme. (D) To lift the embargo on his country.8. (A) To cut down on the US military presence in Europe.(B) To increase the European Union's military influence.(C) To make combined efforts to sustain its economic growth.(D) To take concrete actions to stop arms race.9. (A) Sex discrimination in the U.S troops is far less obvious than in other fields of Americanlife.(B) Race relations have considerably improved in the US military.(C) There are more black or Hispanic officers in the armed services than before.(D) Many minority military personnel complained about negative race relations.10. (A) 4.4%. (B) 11.2% (C) 14.4%. (D) 44%.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) The language used by the locals.(B) Driving on the wrong side of the road.(C) Naming of the same objects in different ways.(D) All different types of bright colours on men.12. (A) “Chips”and “crisps”. (B) “Queue”and “line”.(C) “Fries”and “potato”. (D) “Mate”and “Love”.13. (A) He has a generally negative view of Britain and the British.(B) He is interested in getting to know Britain.(C) He is not happy in Britain.(D) He feels completely at home in Britain.14. (A) So many men wear earrings in one of their ears.(B) People here are politically radical.(C) Young women often wear black.(D) Everyone looks like Madonna.15. (A) Because Britain has a close affinity with the USA.(B) Because Britain has been so much affected by US policies.(C) Because Britain is closer to continental Europe than the USA.(D) Because Britain is more concerned now with world affairs than it used to be.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) Local government in parts of Britain.(B) Education at Oxford University.(C) The financing of a university by a county council.(D) Council housing in England and Wales.17. (A) Two. (B) Three.(C) Four. (D) Five.18. (A) Housing and local plans.(B) Highways, libraries and museums.(C) Dustbin collection and environmental health.(D) Swimming baths.19. (A) The Minister of Education is elected every four years.(B) The Minister of Education meets regularly with county councilors.(C) Most of the county councilors on the Education Committee are Paid officials.(D) County councils actually run the schools and colleges in the area.20. (A) The employment of qualified teachers.(B) The role of parents in school education.(C) The question of pupil-teacher ratio.(D) The communication between parents and teachers.SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B),(C),or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in thatpassage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1～5You've insulated the attic, installed triple-glazed windows, and bought high-efficiency appliances. Can you make your home any more eco-friendly? For an increasing number of Americans, the answer is yes. You can let nature help cut your utility bill. It may be as simple as replacing outdoor lights with solar-powered fixtures or signing up for your unility' s “green power”program. Thanks to rapidly improving technology and government subsidies, thousands of Americans living in remote locations are finding it can be cheaper to use the sun and wind than fossil fuels.Don't cut your ties to the local utility just yet.But while renewable energy won't replace coal and natural gas soon (or ever, critics contend), consumers have more choice in their energy mix than ever before. Many are choosing to go “green”—at least a bit. And they're not all whole-bran environmentalists. Rodman Montello runs a gas station here in Hebbronville, Texas. But when he wanted to bring electricity to his cabin eight miles out of town, he went solar. The reason was simple. The utility wanted $100，000 to extend its electric line to his cabin. Mr. Montalvo paid less than $8,000 for his solar system. “It's all right so far,”he says, looking up at the three solar panels that run a few lights, a fan, and a TV inside. “I can run power tools.”Others, of course, take a more enthusiastic line. “There's a new focus on renewables,”says Thomas White, chairman and chief executive of Enron Renewable Corporation, which has completed the world’s largest wind farm in Minnesota. “My feeling is that we are at the point in time where the personal computer was in the late70s,adds Mac Moore, director of business development for BP Solar, one of the largest manufacturers and marketers of solar electric systems in the world. “Over the next 10 years, if things go well, there going to be a revolutionary change in the way that we obtain power.”Wind power represents an even more compelling argument for remote homeowners. Turbines have become so much more efficient over the past decade that homeowners a quarter-mile from a utility line may find it cheaper to put up a wind turbine than to pay the utility to extend its service. But for most consumers, barriers remain. For one thing, renewable energy systems are expensive to install and require more than a decade before consumers see a payback.Even a good deal on solar panels in a high-sun area would still cost a typical homeowner 30 to 40 cents a kilowatt-hour for electricity, estimates Bob Johnson, industry analyst with Strategies Unlimited, a technology-research firm in Mountain View, Calif. That s far above the six to 15 cents that Americans typically pay their local utility, he adds. Small-scale wind turbines are much more competitive-anywhere from 8 to 15 cents a kilowatt-hour, says Mike Bergey, president of Bergey Windpower in Norman, Okla. But they still require a $30,000 to $35,000 investment up front and it would take most homeowners 15 to 20 years before they'd see any payback.There are other drawbacks. Since these systems only produce energy intermittently, there'sno guarantee homeowners can store enough energy to run their homes when the sun isn't shining or the wind blowing. Then there's aesthetics. Will the neighbors accept those solar panels on your roof? Do you want a 100-foot-high wind turbine humming in your backyard like a muffled helicopter? That's why companies like Bergey Windpower are targeting rural residents in the United States—especially those in states such as California, which will pay up to half the cost of installing renewable-energy systems.1. According to the passage, which of the following should be considered sources of renewable energy?(A) Petroleum, sunlight and windpower. (B) Gas, water and fossil fuels.(C) Coal, natural gas and hydropower. (D) Sunlight, water and windpower.2. The function of the sentence “Don’t cut your ties to the local utility just yet.”(Para.2) is _______.(A) to state the thesis of the passage(B) to serve as a summary of the passage(C) to play the role of transition(D) to lead to a counter-argument in the following paragraphs3. The sentence “we are at the point in time where the personal computer was in the late 70s”(Para.4) suggests which of the following?(A) The greatest breakthrough of computer technology was in the late'70s.(B) A great change in renewable energy technology will occur quite soon.(C) The “green power”program and the development of personal computer are of equalsignificance.(D) Solar energy will replace all other energies in about ten years' time.4. It can be concluded from the passage that the author_______.(A) does not reveal his personal view towards the use of renewable energy(B) makes a systematic comparison between non-renewable energy and renewable energy(C) displays an objective view towards the application of renewable energy(D) does not side with the environmentalists5. It can be inferred from the passage that more people will ______.(A) use both non-renewable and renewable energy(B) stick to the use of local utility(C) not be used to renewable energy(D) use renewable energy onlyQuestions 6～10You saw the stories of the embarrassment at Encyclopedia Britannica last week as the company's highly advertised free Web site was jammed into nonfunctioning. The stories were of some 10 million hits a day clogging the site, www. britannica. com; of three separate apologies given to would be users of the free reference service; of promises to get the thing up and running, perhaps as early as this week. More striking, though, is what the stories didn't say: What anextraordinary thing it is that people around the world suddenly have access—free access—to knowledge that would have been the envy of a university professor earlier in my own lifetime.As for ordinary people, I remember how the encyclopedia salesmen would come around with their sample volumes, their memorized spiels and their offers of “easy”terms if you'd only sign up for Compton's or world book. Owning an encyclopedia—or “a set of encyclopedias”, as we used to say—was a pretty big deal for families of modest means, an unaffordable luxury for many of the folk in my hometown. And now it's all free—or will be as soon as Britannica works out the bugs. The reason it's free is the Britannica, whose hard-copy sales are down some 80 percent since 1990, is forced to compete with Microsoft-s dominant Encarta Encyclopedia.But the encyclopedia is just one small illustration of the explosion both in knowledge and in our access to it since Thomas Jefferson's modest book collection formed the nucleus of the Library of Congress. Not only does my own house now contain more books than Jefferson ever owned, but my access to public libraries, bookstores and, of course, the Web, gives my family information resources beyond the imagination of world-class scholars a short time ago.I've just had a phone call from a friend who tells me that, in preparation for an upcoming trip to Benin, she's downloaded 75 to 100 pages of information, from a score of sites, on that West African country—information on everything from the local currency, political situation and weather to the latest local news and the street address of the American embassy. “I'm starting to feel almost like I know the place, even though I've never been there,”she said. Marco Polo, eat your heart out.Nor is it just information that is so profusely available. Think of the difficulties confronting a 19th-century music lover. He could, of course, hear local folk artists. But if he had a fondness for, say, Bach or Beethoven, he'd have to hire an orchestra and a place for it to perform—which means he'd have to be wealthy. Today, any teenager with a CD player (or even an FM radio) can hear almost any music of his of her choosing, performed by top musicians, virtually at will. The same youngster could, at a whim, look at tens of thousands of paintings from the National Gallery of Art.Think of laws forbidding anyone to teach slaves to read. Think of Hitler's book burnings. Think of all the attempts over the years to enforce either orthodoxy or the status quo by putting learning off-limits, and you begin to sense the power of what is happening. The walls of caste and class have not been razed, but they are suddenly, irrevocably, more porous.And yet not completely porous. The pertinence of the “digital divide”is a reminder that some Americans remain cut off from the power of the knowledge revolution. We have to get serious not merely about the technology but also the psychology of bridging that divide. We have to infect our turned-off adults and our uninspired children with the desire to know more of what is within their grasp already and the oceans more that shortly will be.If that's true of end-of-the-century America, it is immeasurably worse for much of the rest of the world. As U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan remarked in a recent speech, “Half the world s population has never even made, or received, a telephone call.”6. The author cites the example of Encyclopedia Britannica at the beginning of the passage mainly to show that ________.(A) its Web site is the target of millions of hackers(B) the Web site can be repaired soon(C) it is one of the major signs of knowledge explosion(D) it is the symbol of the arrival of encyclopedic age7. Which of the following best expresses the meaning of the sentence “Marco Polo, eat your heart out.”(Para.4)?(A) Marco polo would be sad to know about the easy access to information about the world.(B) Marco polo would sincerely welcome the information age.(C) Marco polo would be happy to learn to use the Web.(D) Marco polo would never believe the story from the author's friend.8. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?(A) Both Compton's and World Book are encyclopedias.(B) Encarta Encyclopedia is giving way to Encyclopedia Britannica.(C) The sales of Encyclopedia Britannica have been going down dramatically over the pastdecade.(D) Encyclopedia Britannica opens its Web site to attract more readers.9. The author quotes U.N. Secretary General s remark in the last paragraph mainly to demonstrate that _________.(A) telephone is more important to the Web than the poor(B) digital revolution will be welcomed by the poor(C) the gap between the rich and the poor can be wider in the information age(D) half the world's population will benefit from knowledge explosion10. The last two paragraphs of the passage can be perceived as __________.(A) the summary of the whole passage(B) the introduction of the concept “digital divide”(C) the prediction about America in the new century(D) the warning of issues behind technological progressQuestions 11～15One of France's best known war photographers is braced for a new battle over his work in the Paris Metro. Luc Delahaye, who won awards for his photographs in Rwanda and who was once beaten up by Serbians in Croatia, has published a book of “stolen”portraits of Metro travellers that directly challenges French privacy laws.The book, called L'Autre (The Other), has been hailed by critics as an evocative study that cleverly captures the thrill of examining stranger's faces on an underground train. Yet Delahaye was forced to turn to a British publisher, Phaidon. No French publisher would touch his 90 black and white pictures. Under French laws drawn up to deter paparazzi from stalking celebrities, all citizens are entitled to the right to control their own image. In theory, Delahaye should haveapproached his subjects to ask permission to photograph them.But the purpose of his two-year project, during which he photographed 1,400 people with a hidden camera in his lap, was to capture them when they were unaware. Delahaye acknowledged last week that the publication of the book in France this month has made him vulnerable to up to 90 lawsuits should disgruntled travellers sue. But he said he was attempting to capture the awkward silence and wandering thoughts common to travellers crushed together on underground trains.“I found it unthinkable to turn up and say,‘Bonjour, please stand like this or like that,’”he said. “And you can't look people in the face because they feel you looking at them.”In a review of the British edition of the book, published earlier this year, a critic from The Times noted: “These anonymous portraits speak more about the lives, feeling and concerns of the sitters than any number of words could.”In France, however, artistic merit is no defence if an individual considers that a photographed has invaded his privacy. The books publication seems likely to fuel a vigorous debate over government plans to amend privacy laws, further restricting the .kinds of photographs that newspapers can publish.Elisabeth Guigou, the justice minister, is proposing to extend to victims of crimes and natural disasters the privacy rights currently exploited mainly by celebrities. Draft laws are designed to safeguard the dignity of victims who may be photographed grieving, covered in blood or in a state of undress. The proposals have outraged the media. They were inspired by the paparazzi who swarmed around the dying body of Diana, Princess of Wales after her car crash in Paris.But Alain Genestar, of Paris Match, claims the proposed laws would have banned from France such images as the naked vietnamese girl fleeing a napalm attack; the assassination of President John F Kennedy; and pictures of victims of natural disasters. Genestar and other editors complain that government's obsession with privacy will infringe freedom of expression. “Even if they are doing this with good intentions, this policy has a name: censorship.”Genestar said.11. Luc Delaware's book L' Autre is published in Britain because _______.(A) his pictures are all black and white(B) French publishers do not accept it(C) the British publisher has promised more returns(D) he violated French privacy laws12. Which of the following is TRUE about Delahaye's L' Autre?(A) The publication of the British edition and French edition came out simultaneously.(B) The French edition of the book is not allowed to sell.(C) The publication of the book has aroused controversy.(D) The subjects of his pictures in the book are going to sue him.13. Which of the following is implied, but not directly stated, in the passage?(A) French laws are more strict than British laws concerning privacy rights.(B) Delahaye took pictures of Metro travellers without asking for their permission.(C) The publication of L'Autre has received positive reviews from critics.(D) Luc Delahaye thinks it ridiculous to ask people to pose for pictures.14. Alain Genestar of Paris Match cites the pictures of the naked Vietnamese girl fleeing anapalm attack, the assassination of President Kennedy and the victims of natural disasters mainly to demonstrate that ___________.(A) he is critical of the publication of Delahaye's L' Autre(B) all these pictures are of historical significance(C) France is not considered to be a democratic country(D) freedom of expression is more important than the concern with privacy15. The word “paparazzi”used in the passage is closest in meaning to which of the following?(A) brave war photographers such as Delahaya(B) reporters who are doggedly after famous people(C) victims of crimes and natural disasters(D) publishers who only print pictures of celebritiesQuestions 16～20Mitsubishi Motors just announced plans to cut 10,000 jobs. Last week Nissan, now owned by Renault and answering to its tough-minded foreign boss, pledged to slash 16,500. Similar reports from Tokyo for the past year have been greeted by American and British economists as signals that at last the famous Japanese practice of permanent employment is vanishing—a profound, traumatic transformation that they insist Japan needs.But there is less to trend than meets the eye. Reading past the headlines, one discovers that Mitsubishi's cuts will not take full effect until March 2004. Even Nissan's new chief operating officer, Carlos Ghosn, known to the world as “The Cost Killer,”will spread out the downsizing over three years. And Japan's companies are making many of their adjustments through attrition, hiring freezes, voluntary retirement buyouts and reassignment of employees to subsidiaries. What is striking about what is happening now is not that is represents a change in the way companies deal with workers, but that it shows remarkable continuity in nearly desperate economic times.For decades, American analysts have been predicting that a change in the Japanese ways of doing business was imminent. In good times, like the 60's or 80's, labor shortages and affluence were expected to lead employees to reject the status quo and start job hopping. In bad times, like the 70's or 90's, the pressure of the bottom line was expected to lead bosses “finally”to a proper market based system of employment.The analysts who make these predictions do not understand the deep historical roots of Japan's employment practices, roots sunk in its legal system, the structure of schools, its systems of job recruiting and skill development, its decades-old cooperative relations between companies and unions, and the implicit expectations we call culture.On the very day of the Nissan announcement, a back-page story in Japanese newspapers showed how firm the grip of these foots can be. The game maker Sega had fired a 35 -year-old man for “lack of ability”. He protested with a lawsuit, and the courts ruled in his favor. Theycalled the termination an “abuse of the right to fire,”decided the company had made “insufficient effort to train the employee”and ordered Sega to pay back wages.Japan does, of course, need economic reform. But the country's current crisis is rooted in a paralyzed financial system and stagnant consumer demand, especially at home. It is not a crisis of unproductive or lazy systems of industrial production. The financial system needs a thorough housecleaning, not only more transparent and effective regulation, but also internal reforms to insure that banks make more serious risk assessment when they start lending aggressively again. The country also needs public works spending and tax cuts to get commerce moving faster.But it is probably a good thing that the Japanese system resists the sort of change that would please the economic seers who thrill to misleading reports about huge employee cutbacks.A working person's prescription for change would first note that the cuts that have taken place, timid as they are by American standards, have shaken the confidence of consumers. Job security and stable wages, and public policies to insure them, could reduce fears and make people feel more comfortable about buying, increasing domestic demand and promoting recovery.It is worth remembering that for several decades, with the familiar employment system in place, the productivity of Japanese industrial organizations and their ability to cope with shocks —like the oil crises or the tripling of the value of the yen against the dollar—was the envy of the world.16. Which of the basic writing skills does the author mainly use in the passage?(A) classification (B) definition(C) illustration (D) argumentation17. Which of the following best paraphrases the statement “there is less to thetrend than meets the eye”(Para.2)(A) Everything can be observed through the trend.(B) The trend is superficial rather than fundamental.(C) The trend shows the continuity of Japanese recruiting practice.(D) The trend tells us little about the Japanese employment system.18. Which of the following shows the authors major concern?(A) The necessity of reform of Japanese financial system.(B) American and British economists-view towards Japanese practice of permanentemployment.(C) The justification of the continuity of Japanese employment practice.(D) The relationship between Japanese culture and its systems of job reruiting.19. According to the author, all of the following can be concluded from the passage EXCEPT that ________.(A) Japanese system of employment is also applicable to western countries(B) American analysts prediction is not well-grounded(C) the “profound, traumatic transformation”in Japanese employment practice will notoccur(D) the Japanese employment system contributes greatly to its development of productivity。