定语从句和同位语从句
定语从句和同位语从句在句子中的作用区别
定语从句和同位语从句在句子中的作用区别在英语语法中，定语从句和同位语从句都是从句的一种类型，它们都在句子中充当了特定的作用。
然而，它们在作用上有一些区别。
本文将详细探讨定语从句和同位语从句在句子中的作用区别。
一、定语从句的作用定语从句用于修饰名词或代词，进一步说明或描述这个名词或代词。
它可以提供额外的信息，使句子更加具体和详细。
定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，这些引导词包括：that, who, whom, whose, which, when, where等。
例如：1. The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
）2. The woman who is wearing a red dress is my sister.（穿红裙子的那个女人是我的姐姐。
）在上面的例子中，定语从句分别修饰了“book”和“woman”，进一步说明了它们的特征或身份。
二、同位语从句的作用同位语从句用于进一步解释或说明前面的名词或代词所表示的内容。
它通常跟在名词或代词后面，对前面的名词或代词进行补充说明，相当于一个同位语。
同位语从句通常由连接词“that”引导。
例如：1. The news that he won the lottery surprised everyone.（他赢得彩票的消息让每个人都感到惊讶。
）2. My belief is that hard work leads to success.（我的信念是努力工作会带来成功。
）在上述例子中，同位语从句分别对应了前面的名词“news”和“belief”，进一步解释了它们所代表的具体内容。
三、定语从句和同位语从句的区别1. 句子结构：定语从句在句子中充当修饰成分，通常放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。
而同位语从句本身是对前面名词或代词的解释，其结构相对独立，常常放在名词或代词后面作进一步解释。
高考英语定语从句与同位语从句分析
高考英语定语从句与同位语从句分析在高考英语中，定语从句和同位语从句是两个重要且常考的语法点。
理解和掌握这两种从句的特点和用法，对于提升英语成绩至关重要。
定语从句，顾名思义，是在句子中充当定语成分，用来修饰先行词。
先行词通常是名词或代词。
定语从句通过关系词与先行词相连，关系词包括关系代词（如 that, which, who, whom, whose）和关系副词（如when, where, why）。
比如说，“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting”在这个句子中，“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句，先行词是“book”，关系词是“that”，在从句中充当宾语。
这个定语从句修饰先行词“book”，说明了是“我昨天买的那本书”。
再看一个例子，“The city where I was born is very beautiful” 这里的“where I was born”是定语从句，先行词是“city”，关系词是“where”，在从句中充当地点状语，表示“我出生的那个城市”。
定语从句在使用时有一些需要注意的地方。
关系代词 that 和 which在很多情况下可以互换，但在先行词是不定代词（如 something, anything, nothing 等）、先行词被最高级或序数词修饰、先行词既有人又有物等情况下，通常只能用 that。
另外，关系代词 whose 在从句中作定语，表示“……的”。
接下来，我们来看看同位语从句。
同位语从句是用来解释说明先行词的具体内容的，先行词通常是抽象名词，如 idea, fact, news, belief, hope, thought 等。
同位语从句常用的引导词有 that, whether, 连接代词what, who 等，连接副词 when, where, why, how 等。
同位语从句和定语从句对比
同位语从句和定语从句对比同位语从句和定语从句这两个概念，有点像是兄弟俩，各自有各自的个性，虽说都是用来修饰，但在用法上可是大有不同哦。
想象一下同位语从句，就像是你朋友圈里那个总爱插嘴的家伙，总是想给你补充点儿信息。
他就那么一说，你立马就明白了。
他的本领在于把一个名词解释得清清楚楚，让你一下子就懂了。
这就像你跟朋友说：“我告诉你，那本书——我上周读的那本——真是太好看了！”这里的同位语从句“我上周读的那本”就是在补充说明你说的那本书，清晰明了，根本不需要多费力气去理解。
而定语从句就显得稍微正式一点儿，像个老师，严谨得多。
它在句子里，通常是跟着名词走的，专门用来修饰名词。
比如说：“我有一个朋友，他喜欢滑雪。
”这里的“他喜欢滑雪”就是个定语从句，直接告诉你这个朋友的特别之处。
这个兄弟可不轻松，他要确保句子里的每个细节都得到妥善照顾，确保你对这个朋友的了解更加全面。
想想看，如果没有这些修饰，句子就像白开水，没什么味道。
要说两者的区别，还真是有意思。
同位语从句就像你家里的那个大喇叭，随时都能给你扩音，能把信息传得更清楚。
而定语从句则像是一个精致的标签，牢牢贴在名词上，随时提醒你这个名词的身份。
就像你在逛街的时候，看到一件衣服，标签上写着“限量版”，这就是定语从句的作用，给你传递了一种特别的感觉。
使用同位语从句和定语从句的时候，咱们也得注意语境哦。
比如你在课堂上，老师问你：“你能告诉我这个作家的最新作品吗？”这时候，你可能会说：“我知道，那个叫‘月光下的迷雾’的书。
”这里的“那个叫‘月光下的迷雾’的书”就是同位语从句，直接把信息给了老师，让他一听就明白。
再举个例子，想象你在和朋友聊天，提到一个电影，你说：“我看过的那个电影，真的是个杰作！”这里的“我看过的那个电影”是定语从句，它帮助你精确地指明你想说的电影。
两者结合，活用自如，才能让我们的语言更加丰富，表达得更完美。
同位语从句的魅力在于它能让人对某个名词的理解更深入，不会让人产生疑惑。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别例子
同位语从句和定语从句的区别例子1. 哎呀呀，你们看这个句子“我喜欢那个总是面带微笑的女孩”，这里的“总是面带微笑的”就是定语，用来修饰“女孩”，这就是定语从句啦。
再比如“消息传来我们队赢了这场比赛，这消息真让人兴奋啊”，这里的“我们队赢了这场比赛”就是同位语从句呀，它解释说明了“消息”的具体内容呢！2. 嘿，想想啊，“他买了一朵开得非常鲜艳的花”，这里“开得非常鲜艳的”不就是定语嘛，这就是典型的定语从句哟。
而“他得知明天会下雪这个事实，高兴得跳了起来”，那“明天会下雪”不就是在说“事实”嘛，这就是同位语从句呀，懂了不？3. 哇塞，“那个穿着红色裙子的女士很漂亮”，“穿着红色裙子的”就是定语，这例子很清楚吧，这就是定语从句嘛。
再看“她知道自己考了第一名这个消息后，激动得大喊大叫”，“自己考了第一名”就是同位语从句呀，怎么会分不清呢？4. 哈哈，“我有一个每天都坚持锻炼的朋友”，“每天都坚持锻炼的”就是定语，这就是定语从句啦。
“我们听说电影要延期上映这个消息，都有点失望”，“电影要延期上映”就是来解释“消息”的呀，这就是同位语从句，很简单吧！5. 哟呵，“那只长得很可爱的小狗真讨人喜欢”，这“长得很可爱的”就是定语，属于定语从句哦。
“他们发现地球是圆的这个事实，当时震惊了所有人”，“地球是圆的”就是同位语从句啦，是不是恍然大悟啦？6. 天哪，“这位说话很温柔的老师很受欢迎”，看看，“说话很温柔的”就是定语，定语从句呢。
“我们得到了班长生病了这个消息，都很担心他”，“班长生病了”就是同位语来对“消息”解释说明呀，这下能区分开了吧！7. 哎呀，“那辆速度超级快的汽车一闪而过”，“速度超级快的”是定语哦，是定语从句呀。
“他终于承认他说谎了这个事实，让人很惊讶”，“他说谎了”就是同位语从句，明白了不？8. 哼，“那个一直鼓励我的人我永远不会忘记”，“一直鼓励我的”就是定语呀，这就是定语从句嘛。
“我们知道了明天是周末这个事实，开心极了”，“明天是周末”就是同位语从句呀。
同位语从句与定语从句区别
同位语从句与定语从句区别同位语从句与定语从句区别在现代英语的语法中，从句指复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓语部分，由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、whether、which等引导词（Connective）引导的非主句部分。
下面是店铺为大家整理的同位语从句与定语从句区别，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
同位语从句与定语从句的区别定语从句与同位语从句在形式以及它们在句中的位置上都很相似，但它们在句中的句法-功能不同，所用的引导词也不完全一样。
1. 定语从句是形容词从句，其句法-功能相当于一个形容词，与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况；而同位语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，与前面的名词是同位关系，是对前面的名词作进一步解释，即说明它前面名词的内容。
如：The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
（定语从句）The news that I have passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
（同位语从句）2. 同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系，二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系，可用“主 + 系 + 表”结构来表示，而定语从句则没有这种关系。
如：The news that he won the first place is true.他赢得冠军的消息是真的。
（同位语从句）若用“主 + 系 + 表”结构来表示，则是：The news is that he won the first place.那个消息是他赢得了冠军。
3. 定语从句的先行词可以是各类名词，而可跟同位语从句的名词通常只是news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，possibility 等少数几个。
同位语从句与定语从句
同位语从句与定语从句？一、同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处1、两种从句都可以译成定语 e.g.The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。
2、两种从句都可以用that引导 e.g.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。
The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。
二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。
e.gThe news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。
）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。
但消息是何内容却不得而知。
）2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。
e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分）2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children. （that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。
同位语从句和定语从句
I had no idea that you were here． ．
我不知道你在这里。 我不知道你在这里。
可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有
news, idea, fact, promise, question, doubt, thought, hope, message, suggestion, word(消息), possibility 等。如： I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． ．
我从王先生那里来， 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天 下午不能来看你了。 下午不能来看你了。
英语中引导同位语从句的词常有连 词 that，whether，连接副词 how, ， ，
when, where等。（注：if, which 不能 。（注
引导同位语从句。） 引导同位语从句。）如：
l have no idea when he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来。 ．我不知道他什么时候回来。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to if or not.
（同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思 同位语从句， 就是前面名词的内容。） 就是前面名词的内容。）
The news is that I have passed the exam ．
The news that he told me just 定语从句， now is true． （定语从句，从句对 ．
前面名词起修饰限制作用， 前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉 我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。） 我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。）
定语从句 vs 同位语从句(共19张PPT)
名词为单数）
引导词
that,which,who, whom,whose,wh en,where,why that,who,what,w hen,where,why,h ow,whether, what
Translate sentences below：
1.This was the period when Newton began the research which resulted in the creati on of his famous Theory of Gravity.
引导词的区别
1．引导词that 引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词，它除了起连接作用，还在定语从句中充
当成分（作宾语可省略），并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的 that叫做从属连词，它只起连接作用且不可省略。 实例：①The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting． ② No one can deny the essential fact that the traffic problem over the last yea rs has caused wide pubic concern all over the world.
A.where B.which C.that D.at which
Practice makes perfect:
3.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____________ road conditions need ____________.
语法功能和概念上的区别
实例：＊There is a faint chance that you will find him at home. 若用“主+ 系+表”结构来表示，则是“a faint chance is that you will find him at home”,这在逻辑上成立。
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同位语从句在主从复合句中作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句。
表示名词的内容，加以解释。
同位语从句的基本用法：1. 能接同位语从句的名词：fact, idea, news, promise, information, message, belief, doubt, hope, opinion, possibility, thought, wish, truth, question, problem, reply, answer, report, suggestion, advice, order, warning等等。
温馨提示同位语从句通常由that引导，但根据接同位语的名词不同，也可由whether, when, who, how, what, why等引导。
e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.The question who was to blame has never been settled.同位语从句与定语从句的区别1. 同位语从句既“说明、修饰”先行词，又“等同”于先行词。
定语从句“修饰、限制”先行词，由“关系词”替代先行词，在从句中充当成分。
e.g. We are delighted at the news that we are going to spend our summer vacation in Dalian. (同位语从句)Neither of us showed any interest in the news that John told us yesterday. (定语从句)2. that在从句中的作用同位语从句中that为连接词，只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，一般也不能省略；定语从句中的that为关系代词，在从句中充当句子成分，可作主语、宾语和表语，作宾语时常可省略。
e.g. The news (that) he told me surprised me. (定语从句)The news that he gave in surprised me. (同位语从句)[ ] 1. That is _____ he said.A. all whatB. all whichC. all thatD. all which[ ] 2. These are things and persons ___I’ve heard of.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. that[ ] 3. Please tell me everything ___you know.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. all what [ ] 4. We know the fact ___he has gone to college.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. why[ ] 5.I received the news ____Xiao Ping had passed away.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. in which [ ] 6. This is the thing ___he referred to.A. whoB. whomC. XD. what[ ] 7. This is the building, in front of ____there is a dog lying on the ground.A. thatB. whichC. itD. X[ ] 8. This is the things about ___we’re talking.A. whichB. thatC. XD. them[ ] 9. That is the room, ___is very empty.A. thatB. whichC. itD. as[ ] 10. Those are the students, most of ____are very active.A. thatB. themC. whichD. whom.[ ] 11. This is the man ___we went to the cinema.A. with thatB. with whomC. with whoD. who [ ] 12. The girl ___father lives in Beijing won the first prize in maths.A. whoB. whoseC. whom D that[ ] 13. The factory ___we work is very big..A. thatB. whichC. whereD. who [ ] 14. The factory ___we visited is very big.A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. on which [ ] 15. This is the day ___we joined the army.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. in which [ ] 16. The days ___we spent last year will not be forgotten.A. thatB. on whichC. in whichD. when [ ] 17. The village ___we stayed in last year is not far from here.A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. there [ ] 18. The factory ___sells shoes is near to our school.A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. X[ ] 19. He is very foolish, ____you expected.A. whichB. asC. thatD. why [ ] 20. He has such a book ___I borrowed from the library.A. whichB. thatC. asD. what [ ] 21. He made the same progress ___I did in my entrance examination..A. whatB. thatC. on whichD. as [ ] 22.The reason ___he didn’t succeed is ____he is lazy.A. that; thatB. which; whichC. why; thatD. why; because [ ] 23. The reason ___he gave me was not reasonable.A. thatB. whyC. forD. for which [ ] 24. September 18, 1913 is the day _____we’ll never forget.A. thatB. whenC. on whichD. on that [ ] 25. I remember the day ___I first came to the college.A. on whichB. in whichC. whichD. that [ ] 26. It is the young man ____looked for ___caught the murderer.A. that; whoB. that; theyC. they; thatD. they; which [ ] 27. I remember the day ___ we first met on.A. whichB. whenC. in whichD. on that [ ] 28. Is this factory ___we visited last year?A. whereB. in whichC. the oneD. at which [ ] 29. Is this the factory ___your father worked?A. whereB. whichC. of whichD. in that [ ] 30. This is the factory ___we visited the day before yesterday.A. whereB. whichC. the oneD. at which [ ] 31. This is the best factory ___I have visited all my life.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that [ ] 32. Is this the factory ____colour TV sets are produced?A. thatB. whichC. in whichD. in that[ ] 33. Where is the window ___glass is broken?A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. its[ ] 34. The book, the cover___is broken, is not mine.A. of itB. forC. whoseD. of which[ ] 35. Who is the comrade ___was there?A. whomB. thatC. whichD. whose[ ] 36. He met my mother, from ___he got the news of my sister’s marriage.A. whomB. thatC. whichD. who[ ] 37. This is Mr. Smith, ___I think has something interesting to tell you.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. X[ ] 38. His father is an engineer, ___makes him very proud.A. for whatB. whichC. thatD. what[ ] 39.He talked about the teachers and schools ____he had visitedA. whichB. whoC. thatD. what [ ] 40. He is the only ____I can find for the work.A. who’sB. whoseC. thatD. which[ ] 41. I, _______your close friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who isB. who amC. that isD. what is[ ] 42. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who _____in China.A. worksB. is workingC. are workingD. had been working [ ] 43. Mr. Smith is the only one of those foreigners who_____in China.A. workB. is workingC. are workingD. has been working [ ] 44. Those ____ want to see the film please put down your names here.A. thatB. whoC. whichD. as[ ] 45.That was the reason ____Mac refused to speak at the meeting.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. of which [ ] 46. The knife ___ we cut the bread is very sharp.A. with whichB. that whichC. which withD. which [ ] 47. I saw some trees, the leaves of ___ were black with disease.A.thatB. whichC. whoseD. the trees[ ] 48. Is there any questions ____ troubles you much?A. whichB. whereC. whoD. that[ ] 49. Is there anything ___I can do for you?A. whichB. whatC. thatD. whom[ ] 50 Little has been done ___ is helpful to our work.A.whatB. whichC. thatD. all that[ ] 51. This is the last time ____I shall give you a lesson.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. in which[ ] 52.This is the fact ___he is very smart.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. where[ ] 53. I got the news ___he will go abroad.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. on which [ ] 54. I don’t like the way ____you laugh at her..A. thatB. on whichC. whichD. as[ ] 55. I like the way __he talks and laughs.A. whichB. whenC. in whichD. for which [ ] 56. This is the worker, ___the book was written.A. whoB. whomC. ofD. by whom[ ] 57. This is the reason ___ he was put into prison.A.of itB. for itC. in whichD. for which[ ] 58. The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of ___there is a pair of thick glasses.A. whoB. thatC. whomD. which[ ] 59. China has a lot of famous writers, one of ___is Lu Xun.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which[ ] 60. China has a lot of islands, one of ___ is Taiwan.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which[ ] 61. My father made a promise __he would buy me a toll.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when[ ] 1.A child ___parents are dead is called an orphan.A. whichB. hisC. whoseD. with [ ] 2. All ____ is needed is a supply of oilA. the thingB. thatC. whatD. which[ ] 3. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of _____hadn’t been cleaned for a t least a year.A. theseB. thoseC. thatD. which [ ] 4. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______family was poorA. of whomB. whomC. of whoseD. whose [ ] 5. She heard a terrible noise, ____brought her heart into her mouthA. itB. whichC. thisD. that [ ] 6. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _____came as surpriseA. itB. thatC. whichD. he[ ] 7. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____she could turn for help.A. thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whom [ ] 8. It is the ability to do the job ___matters not where you come from or what you areA. oneB. thatC. whatD. it[ ] 9. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____of course, made the others unhappyA. whoB. whichC. thisD. what[ ] 10. ___is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is interesting.A. WhichB. AsC. ThatD. It[ ] 11 These houses are sold at such a low price ___people expectedA. likeB. asC. thatD. which[] 12The Gentleman _____you told me yesterday proved to be a thiefA. whoB. about whomC. whomD. in which[ ] 13.J ohn said he’d been working in the office for an hour, ______was trueA. heB. thisC. whichD. who。