英语词类及句子成分

英语词类及句子成分
英语词类及句子成分

英语词类及句子成分

一、词类

能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词类(parts of speech)。

英语的词通常分为十大类,即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。现分别叙述如下:

(一)名词

名词(noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如:

foreigner外国人 soap 肥皂 Newton牛顿

law 法律 freedom自由 peace 和平

英语名词可分为两大类:

1。普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如:

teacher 教师 market市场 rice 大米

magazine杂志 sound 声音 production生产

2。专有名词(proper noun)是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。例如:

Hemingway海明威 Russia 俄罗斯

New York 纽约 United Nations联合国

名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s或-es。例如:

shop→shops商店bus→buses 公共汽车library→libraries图书馆

toy→toys 玩具leaf→leaves树叶

英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如:

man→men男人tooth→teeth牙齿datum→data数据

有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则,请参阅有关的英语语法书。

(二)冠词

冠词(article)放在名词之前,帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词分为不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种。不定冠词为a/an,用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。a用在以辅音开头的名词之前,an用在以元音开头的名词之前。例如:

a hotel 一家旅馆 a chance 一次机会

a double room一个双人间 a useful book 一本有用的书

an exhibition一次展览 an honest man一个诚实的人

冠词只有一个,既the,表示某一类人或事物中特定的一个或一些。可用于单数或复数名词前,也可用于不可数名词前。例如:

the TV programs 那些电视节目 the house那座房子

the Olympic Games奥运会

(三)代词

代词(pronoun)是用来指代人或事物的词。代词包括:

1。人称代词,如:I, you, they, it等;

2。物主代词,如:my, his, their, our, mine, hers等;

3。反身代词,如:myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself等;

4。相互代词,如:each other, one another等;

5。指示代词,如:this, that, these, those, such, same等;

6。疑问代词,如:who, whom, whose, which, what等;

7。关系代词,如:who, whom, whose, which, that等;

8。不定代词,如:some, any, no, all, one, every, many, a little, someone, anything 等;

(四)数词

数词(numeral)是表示“数量”和“顺序”的词。前者称为基数词,例如:one(一),twenty (二十),thirty-five(三十五),one hundred and ninety-five(一百九十五)等;后者称为序数词,例如:first(第一),twentieth(第二十),fifty-first(第五十一等。(五)形容词

形容词(adjective)是用来修饰名词,表示名词属性的词。例如:yellow(黄色的),wonderful(惊人的),strong(强大的)。形容词一般放在它所修饰的名词之前,例如:busy streets(繁华的街道),public relations(公共关系),young men(年轻人)等。

形容词的比较等级可分为三种,既原级、比较级和最高级。原级,既未变化的形容词原形,例如:great, big, difficult等;比较级,既形容词+后缀-er或more+形

容词,例如:greater, bigger, more difficult等;最高级,既形容词+后缀-est或most+形容词,例如:greatest, biggest, most difficult等。

(六)副词

副词可分为四种,包括:

1。普通副词,例如:together(一起),well(好),carefully(仔细地)等;

2。疑问副词,例如:when(何时),where(何地),how(如何),why(为什么)等;3。连接副词,例如:therefor(因此),then(然后),however(然而),otherwise(否则)等;

4。关系副词,例如:where, when, why等。

副词的比较等级的构成和形容词一样。

(七)动词

动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词,例如:sign(签字),support(支持),have(有),exist(存在)等。

动词根据起意义和作用可分为实义动词、系动词、情态动词和助动词。

实义动词有完全的词义,并能独立作谓语,例如:explain(解释),stay(停留),have(有)等。

系动词作谓语时,后面需接表语。常见英语系动词有:be(是),seem(似乎),look(看起来),become(变成),appear(显得),get(变得),feel(感到),turn(变成),remain(仍然是)等。

情态动词表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气和情感。情态动词只能和原行动词一起构成谓语动词。英语情态动词主要有can(能够),may(可以,也许),must(必须)及其过去形式could, might等。

助动词常和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式,以及用于否定和疑问等结构中。英语助动词主要有shall, will, have, be, should, would, do等。

实义动词还可根据是否需要宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词。

及物动词(transitive verb)后面要跟宾语,意义才完整。例如:

You muxt consider the matter carefully.

你一定要仔细考虑这件事。(the matter是及物动词consider的宾语)

Have you received the letter?

你受到了那封信吗?(the letter是及物动词receive的宾语)

不及物动词(intransitive verb)本身意义完整,后面不需跟宾语,例如:

The old man walked very slowly. 这老人走的很慢。(walked是不及物动词)

He didn't sleep well last night.

他昨晚睡的不好。(sleep是不及物动词)

动词有四种基本形式,即动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。例如:

原形过去式过去分词现在分词

live lived lived living build built built building

have had had having

动词过去式和过去分词的构成有规则和不规则两种。规则动词(regular verb)的过去式和过去分词,在原形动词后面加词尾-ed或-d构成。不规则动词(irregular verb)的过去式和过去分词的形式是不规则的,如eat, ate, eaten。这些动词数量虽不多,但都是比较常用的,必须熟记。

现在分词在动词原形后面加-ing构成。关于动词原形加-ed和-ing的方法和读音以及不规则动词的变化,请参阅相关词典或语法书。

(八)介词

介词(preposition)又叫前置词,放在名词、代词或相当于名词的词前面,表示它后面的词与句子中其它成分之间的关系。

介词在句中一般不重读,也不能单独作句子成分。

介词根据其构成,可分为简单介词,如:in, at, for, since等;复合介词,如:into(进入), as for(至于), out of(出自);二重介词,如:until after(直至...之后), from among(从...当中);短语介词,如:according to(根据), because of(因为), in front of(在...之前), in the event of(如果);分词介词,如:regarding(关于), considering(考虑到), including(包括)。

介词后面的名词或代词叫做介词宾语。介词和介词宾语合称为介词短语(prepositional phrase)。

九)连词

连词(conjunction)是连接词、短语、从句或句子的词。连词是虚词,在句中一般不重读,也不能在句中单独作句子成分。

根据连词本身的含义及其所连接的成分的性质,可分为并列连词和从属连词。

并列连词是连接并列关系的词、短语、从句或句子的连词,例如:and(和), or(或者、否则), but(但是), for(因为), not only...but also(不仅...而且), neither...nor(即不...也不)。从属连词是连接主从复合句的主句和从句的连词,例如:that, if(如果), whether(是否), when(当...时候), although(虽然), because(因为), so that(结果)。

从连词本身的结构形式看,又可分为:简单连词,如:but, because, if;关联连词,如:not only...but also, as...as(和...一样);分词连词,如:supposing(假如), provided(倘若);短语连词,如:as if(好象), as soon as(一旦...就), in order that(以便)。

(十)感叹词

感叹词(interjection)是表示喜怒哀乐等感情的词,例如:oh, well, why, hello等。上述十大词类中,名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词、数词等都有实义,故称为实词(notioal word);而介词、冠词、连词、感叹词等没有实义,故称为虚词(form word)。

不少词可以属于几个词类,例如:smoke(名词) (烟尘),(动词) (吸烟);own(形容词) (自己的),(动词) (拥有);just(副词) (刚才),(形容词) (正义的);key(名词) (钥匙),(形容词) (主要的),等。

二、句子成分

由不同词类的单词,按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫做句子。一个句子由各个功能不同的部分构成,这些部分叫做句子成分(members of the sentence)。英语的句子成分有八种:主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。现分述如下:

(一)主语

主语(subject)是句子所要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体。主语的位置通常在句首,一般不省略。可以担当主语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词和主语从句。例如:

Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。(名词做主语)

He will take you to the hospital. 他会带你去医院。(代词做主语)

Three plus four equals seven. 三加四等于七。(数词做主语)

To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(动词不定式做主语)

Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许吸烟。(动名词做主语)Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 他们来不来取决与天气。(从句做主语)

(二)谓语动词

谓语动词(predicate verb)是说明主语的动作或状态的句子成分。谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。谓语动词由实义动词或系动词担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。例如:

Action speaks louder than words. 百说不如一干。The chance may never come again. 这样的机会恐怕不会再来。

Tom was very sick at heart. 汤姆心里非常难过。

Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.

自1994年以来,玛丽一直在那家服装店工作。

(三)表语

表语(predicative)是用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态的,它的位置在系动词之后。可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词与分词、数词、动词不定式、介词短语、副词以及表语从句等。例如:

My father is a professor. 我父亲是一位教授。(名词作表语)

Who's that? It's me. 是谁呀?是我。(代词作表语)

Everything here is dear to her. 这里的一切她都感到亲切。(形容词作表语)

The match became very exciting. 比赛变得很紧张。(分词作表语)

The story of my life may be of help to others.

我的生活经历对别人可能有帮助。(介词短语作表语)

Three times five is fifteen. 三乘五等于十五。(数词作表语)

His plan is to seek work in the city.

他的计划是在城里找工作。(动词不等式作表语)

My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.

我最初的想法是你应当掩饰你的感情。(从句作表语)

(四)宾语

宾语(object)表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。英语介词后也会跟宾语。可作宾语的有名词、数词、代词、动名词等。不定式也可作及物动词的宾语。例如:

she covered her face with her hands. 她用双手蒙住脸。(名词短语作宾语)

We haven't seen her for a long time. 我们好长时间没看到她了。(代词作宾语)Do you mind opening the window? 打开窗户你介意吗?(动名词作宾语)

Give me four please. 请给我四个。(数词作宾语)

He wants to dream a nice dream. 他想做一个好梦。(动词不定式短语作宾语)We need to know what others are doing.

我们需要了解其他人都在干什么。(从句作宾语)

I lived in Japan in 1986. 我1986 年住在日本。(名词和数词作介词的宾语)(五)定语

定语(attribute)是修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前;短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后。作定语的有名词、形容词、数词、分词及其短语、不等式及其短语、介词短语以及定语从句等。例如:

They are woman workers. 她们是女工。(名词作定语)

Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday.

汤姆的父亲直到昨天才给家里写信。(所有格名词作定语)

Equal pay for equal work should be introduced.

应当实行同工同酬。(形容词作定语)

The play has three acts. 这出戏有三幕。(数词作定语)

This is her first trip to Europe.

这是她首次欧洲之行。(代词、数词和介词短语作定语)

China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。(分词作定语)

You haven't kept your promise to write us often.

你没有遵守给我们经常写信的诺言。(动词不定式短语作定语)

My cat has a good nose for milk.

我的猫对牛奶嗅觉灵敏。(介词短语作定语)

Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.

想去西藏的人须在此签名。(从句作定语)

(六)状语

状语(adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。作状语的有副词、名词、介词短语、分词及其短语、动词不定式及其短语、状语从句等。例如:These products are selling quickly. 这些产品现在十分畅销。(副词作状语)

He is knee deep in snow. 他踩在齐膝深的雪里。(名词作状语)

The best fish swim near the bottom.

好鱼居水底。(有价值的东西不能轻易得到。)(介词短语作状语)

She sat there doing nothing. 她坐在那里无所事事。(分词短语作状语)

We'll send a car over to fetch you.

我们将派一辆车去接你。(动词不定式短语作状语)

She was slow to make up her mind. 她迟迟不能下决心。(动词不定式短语作状语)Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。(从句作状语)

There is no such a word in English so far as I know.

据我所知,英语里没有这样一个词。(从句作状语)

七)宾语补足语和主语补足语

英语有些及物动词,除了要有宾语之外,还要加上宾语补足语(object complement),才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。如果上述结构变成被动语态,原宾语成为主语,原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语(subject complement)。可以担当补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等。例如:

They elected me captain of the team. 他们选我当队长。(名词短语作宾语补足语)He made me ashamed of myself. 他使我感到惭愧。(形容词短语作宾语补足语)We found everything there in good order.

我们发现那里的一切井井有条。(介词短语作宾语补足语)

I should advise you not to miss the chance.

我劝你不要错过机会。(不定式短语作宾语补足语)

I could feel my heart beating fast.

我可以感觉出自己的心跳得很快。(分词短语作宾语补足语)

Some goods are left unsold. 有些货物剩下未出售。(分词做主语补足语)

She was elected director of public relations.

她被选为公关部主任。(名词短语做主语补足语)

动词中的实义动词和系动词可以担当谓语。动词不定式、分词和动名词形式不能独立担当谓语。介词是虚词的一种,不能独立担当句子成分,但介词加上其后的宾语所构成的介词短语,可在句中担当多种成分。

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下:

一:SV(主+谓)

二:SVP(主+系+表)

三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

基本句型一:SV(主+谓)

主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!

谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.

此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

S│V(不及物动词)

1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。

2. The moon │rose.月亮升起了。

3. The universe │remains.宇宙长存。

4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5. Who │cares?管它呢?

6. What he said │does not matter.他所讲的没有什么关系。

7. They │talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。

8. The pen │writes smoothly这支笔书写流利。

基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表)

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻S│V(是系动词)│P

1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。

2. The dinner │smells │goo d. 午餐的气味很好。

3. He │fell │in love.他堕入了情网。

4. Everything │looks │different.一切看来都不同了。

5. He │is growing │tall and strong.他长得又高又壮

6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。

7. Our well │has gone │dry.我们井干枯了。

8. His face │turned │red.他的脸红了。

There be 结构:There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。

此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’

试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。

基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等

S│V(及物动词)│O

1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案?

2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。

3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。

4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。

5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。

6. He │said │"Good morning." 他说:"早上好!"

7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。

8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。

基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。

一般的顺序为:动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea,please.强调间接宾语顺序为:动词+ 直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如:

Show this house to Mr.Smith.

若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please.

S│V(及物)│o(多指人)│O(多指物)

1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。

2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。

3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。

4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。

5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片

6. I │gave │my car│a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。

7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。

8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。

基本句型五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。

宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。

名词/代词宾格+ 名词

The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.

名词/代词宾格+ 形容词

New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.

名词/代词宾格+ 介词短语

I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.

名词/代词宾格+ 动词不定式

The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.

名词/代词宾格+ 分词

I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.

S│V(及物)│O(宾语)│C(宾补)

1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。

2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色

3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。

4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。

5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想?

6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去

7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。

8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。

句子成分练习题( 一)

(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分,4分钟)①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

②There is an old man coming here.

③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词(10分,10分钟)

①I don't like the picture on the wall.

A. don't

B. like

C. picture

D. wall

②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

A. get

B. longer

C. days

D. summer

③Do you usually go to school by bus?

A. Do

B. usually

C.go

D. bus

④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be

B. meeting

C. the library

D. afternoon

⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?

A.Did

B. twins

C. have

D. breakfast

⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.

A. Tom

B. didn't

C. do

D. his homework

⑦What I want to tell you is this.

A. want

B. to tell

C. you

D. is

⑧We had better send for a doctor.

A. We

B. had

C. send

D. doctor

⑨He is interested in music.

A. is

B. interested

C. in

D. music

⑩Whom did you give my book to?

A. give

B.did

C. whom

D. book

(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语(10分,10分钟)

①My brother hasn't done his homework.

②People all over the world speak English.

③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

④How many new words did you learn last class?

⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.

⑦They made him monitor of the class.

⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.

⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.

⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.

(四) 挑出下列句中的表语(5分,5分钟)

①The old man was feeling very tired.

②Why is he worried about Jim?

③The leaves have turned yellow.

④Soon They all became interested in the subject.

⑤She was the first to learn about it.

(五) 挑出下列句中的定语(6分,6分钟)

①They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.

②What is your given name?

③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.

④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!

(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(6分,6分钟)

①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

②He asked her to take the boy out of school.

③She found it difficult to do the work.

④They call me Lily sometimes.

⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.

⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?

(七) 挑出下列句中的状语(8分,8分钟)

①There was a big smile on her face.

②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

③He began to learn English when he was eleven.

④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.

⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.

⑥She loves the library because she loves books.

⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.

⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分,5分钟)

①Please tell us a story.

②My father bought a new bike for me last week.

③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.

④Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.

⑤Did he leave any message for me?

句子成分练习题( 二)

指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分:

1.Whether we’ll go depend on the weather .

2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily .

3. That was how they were defeated.

4.The nursery takes good care of our children .

5.I’ll return the book to you tomorrow .

6.We are sure that we shall succeed .

7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .

8.There are many film that I’d like to see.

9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?

10.I have a lot of work to do .

11.Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it .

12.I said it in fun .

13.We can send a car over to fetch you .

14.She had to work standing up .

15.Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .

16.Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .

17.The bus arrived ten minutes late .

18.We should serve the people heart and soul.

19.Spring coming on , the tree turned green .

20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .

21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .

22.It’s strange that she doesn’t come today .

23.It was in the library that I come today .

24.He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working .

25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.

翻译练习:

主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)

1你应当努力学习。2她昨天回家很晚。

3那天早上我们谈了很多。4会议将持续两个小时。

5在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。

6这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。

8每天八时开始上课。9这个盒子重五公斤。

10五年前我住在北京。

主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)

1昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。

3这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。

5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。6那位先生能流利地说三种语言。7我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。

8 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。

9我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。

10他不知道说什麽好。

主系表结构(主语+系动词+表语)

1我的兄弟都是大学生。2冬季白天短,夜晚长。3布朗夫人看起来很健康。4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。

5孩子们,请保持安静。6这本书是有关美国历史的书。

7她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。8他失业了。

9树叶已经变黄了。10这个报告听起来很有意思。

双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)

1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。? 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。?

3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。

4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗??

5. 他把车票给列车员看。?

6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。?

7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。? 8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。?

9. 请你给我弄一本新的,好吗?10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗?

复合宾语结构(主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语)

1我们叫她Alice. 2他的父母给他取名为John.

3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。4他们把门推开了。

5他们把小偷释放了。6我们要使学校变得更美丽。

7他请我们参加做游戏。8我要你把真相告诉我。

9卫兵命令我们立即离开。10明天我要找人来修理机器。

11每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。12痛苦使得他叫喊起来。

13我们不会让她在晚上外出的。14他每个月理一次发。

15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。16那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了

17她正在听人家讲故事。18男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。

19我从来没看见这个字这样用过。20他感到很难跟你交谈。

21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。22我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。

23学校定了一条规则,开始上课时学生要起立。24我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。There be 句型

1今晚没有会。2这个村子过去只有一口井。

3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。5天气预报说下午有大风。6灯亮着,办公室里肯定有人。

7战前这儿一直有家电影院的。8恰好那时房里没人。

9从前,在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。10公共汽车来了。

11就只剩下二十八美元了。12在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。

13铃响了。14二月份有二十八天。

2、动词词形变化一览表:

(1)规则动词变化表:

注意:①在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。

②s/es的读音规则:在清辅音后读[s];在浊辅音后和元音后读[z];在[ s ]、[ F]、[z]、[tF]、[dV]后读[iz].

③ed的读音规则:在清辅音后读[t];在浊辅音后和元音后读[d];在[t]、[d]后读[id].

(2)

3、,

am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 后面加not,而且not 都可以缩写为后面not 不可以缩写);

am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前到句首。

中考英语必备—词类、句子成分和构词法

中考英语必备—词类、句子成分和构词法 1、词类 英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is ,are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art.):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj.)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分 英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词和介词短语担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力) Jill has lunch at school every day. 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)

高中英语句子成分划分详解(全)

Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: 讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:

There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before.名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解: (一)句子成分 1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 找出下列句中的主语: Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子) 2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

2019届高考英语句子成分

2019届高考英语句子成分 语法复习一:句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句 一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如: during the 1990s, american country music has become more and more popular.(名词) we often speak english in class.(代词) one-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) to swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) smoking does harm to the health.(动名词) the rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) when we are going to have an english test has not been decided.(主语从句) it is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式 主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:he practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:you may keep the book for two weeks. he has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:we are students.(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如: our teacher of english is an american.(名词) is it yours?(代词) the weather has turned cold.(形容词) the speech is exciting.(分词) three times seven is twenty one?(数词) his job is to teach english.(不定式) his hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词) the machine must be out of order.(介词短语) time is up. the class is over.(副词) the truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)

英语句子成分、句子结构讲解及练习

主语(subject ): 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It 形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 谓语(predicate ): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语(predicative ): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don ’t look it. (代词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To wear a flower is to say “I ’m poor, I can ’t buy a ring. (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句) (常见的系动词有: be, sound (听起来), look (看起来), feel(摸起来,smell (闻起来), taste (尝、吃起来), remain (保持,仍是), feel (感觉) ... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语: 1)动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词) How many do you need We need two. (数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said (宾语从句) 2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3) 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn ’t come here. (名) We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) Don ’t let him do that. (省to 不定式) His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to 不定式) Don ’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词) I ’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词) 主补:对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词) We belong to the third world. (数词) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词) The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词) The trees planted last year are growing well now.过分 I have an idea to do it well.(不定式) You should do everything that I do.(定语从句)

英语句子成分

句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如:讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。 如:There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如:It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如:

高考英语句子成分分析报告

Part1英语句子成分 一、词类 英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 二、句子成分 1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如:

The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词) We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is five.(数词) The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词) It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 练一练:指出下例句中主语的中心词。 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. 2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如: 由单一动词作谓语:We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary. 情态动词加主要动词:We can play the piano. / You must see the doctor. 助动词加主要动词构成谓语:She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before.

高考英语-句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习

To wear a flower is to say I ' m poor, I can t buy a ring. (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (常见的系 动词有 : be, sound (听起来)起来) , taste (尝, lo 、ok (表语从句) 起来),feel (摸起来, 看 smell (闻 吃起来) , remain (保持,仍是) , feel ( It sounds a good idea. Her voice sounds sweet. The food smells delicious. The door remains open. 宾语: 1)动作的承受者 动宾 I like China. (名词) How many do you need? We need two. We should help the old and the poor. 词) I hope to see you again. (语从句) 2 )介词后的名词、代词和动名词 Are you afraid of the snake? 不定式) rocks. 感觉) The sound sounds strange. Tom looks thin. The food tastes good. Now I feel tired. He hates you. (代词)数 词) I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? 动名 3 )双宾语 - --------- 间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)介宾 He gave me a book yesterday. 宾补:对宾语的补充, 全 称为宾语补足语。 Under the snow, there are many 名词) Give the poor man some money. We elected him monitor. come here. (名) We will make them happy. Please make yourself at home. 定 We all think it a pity that she didn ' t 形容词) We found nobody in. ( 副词) 介词短语) Don ' t let him do that. (省 to 不 句子成分和句子结构讲解及练 句 习子成分 主语( subject ) : 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. ( (动名词) To see is to believe. 名词) He likes dancing. 数词) Seeing is believing. 不定式) What he needs is a book. 主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. It 形式主 语,主语从句是真正主语) 谓语 ( predicate ) : 说明主语的动作、 状态和特征。 We study English. 表语( predicative ) : He is asleep. 系动词之 He is a teacher. 后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 代词) (名词) Five and five is ten. 容词) His father is in. 数词) 介词短语) 副词) Seventy- four! You don He is asleep. The picture is on t look it. the wall. My watch is gone / missing / lost. 形容词化的分词)

英语句子成分精讲

一、句子成分 (一)句子成分的定义: 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 主语(Subject) 是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如: 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. (名词) 2.We often speak English in class. (代词)

3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) 5.Smoking does harm to the health.(名词) 6.The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词) 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(从句) 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it是形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式) (三)谓语 谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如: He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 2、复合谓语: (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如: You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如: We are students. 注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。 (四)表语 表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如: 1.Our teacher of English is an American. (名词) 2.Is it yours?(代词) 3.The weather has turned cold.(形容词) 4.The speech is exciting.(分词) 5.Three times seven is twenty one?(数词) 6.His job is to teach English.(不定式) 7.His hobby is playing football.(动名词) 8.The meeting is of great importance. (介词短语) 9.Time is up. The class is over.(副词) 10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句) 注意:系动词(Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等。 1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如: He is a teacher.

2020年高考英语一轮复习 句子成分

2020;2020年高考英语一轮语法复习:句子成分 一. 主语 主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme),是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语和从句。 1.名词作主语。如:A tree has fallen across the road. 2.代词用作主语。如:You’re not far wrong. 注意: * 反身代词不能充当句子主语。如You can express yourself at the meeting. * 指人的不定代词(someone, somebody ,no one, nobody, anyone, anybody ,everyone, everybody)与指物的不定代词(something, anything, everything ,nothing)做主语,谓语动词用单数。例如:everyone is here。但是都不能跟of短语,不能说someone of , no one of, something of,但是可以说every one of,none of。做主语反意疑问句用复数,everyone is here,aren’t they?但是 someone lost his pen,didn’t he? 3.数词用作主语。如:Three is enough. 4.名词化的形容词用作主语。 The idle are forced to work. 当the+adj表示抽象名词时谓语动词采用单数形式。 The new replaces the old。(新陈代谢)5.不定式用作主语。如:To find your way can be a problem. 注意:动词不定式做主语, 通常有两种情形: 一种是不定式直接放在句首(这种形式较少),另一种是用it做形式主语,把不定式置于句末,达到平衡句子的目的. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing。(眼见为实) It’s nice of you to help me with my English. 6.动名词用作主语。如:Smoking is bad for you. 注意:不定式与动名词做主语一般来说差别不大,有时两者可以互换。但按照传统语法来说,动名词表示说话人的习惯、爱好或事抽象动作;而动词不定式表示具体的、一次性动作。例如:

英语词性和句子成分

十大词类与八大句子成分的关系 (1)十大词类: 据英语单词所表达的含义以及在句子中的作用,把英语单词分为10个类别,就是10大词类:名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。 根据部分词类具有的共同特征,又将十大词类分为两大部分: 实词:名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词。 特征:具有完整的词义;能够在句子中独立充当句子成分。 虚词:冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。 特征:没有完整的意思;不能够在句子中独立充当句子成分,必须和实词搭配,才能充当句子成分。 (2)八大句子成分: 句子成分:组成英语句子的各个部分,叫做句子成分。 英语的句子最多由八个句子成分组成,即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语以及同位语。 ★主语: 概念:句子的主体,发出动作的人或物,表示所说的是谁或是什么。 位置:主语一般在句首,特殊句型中在句末。 构成:由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当。

例:Henry is a good boy.亨利是个好孩子。 He ran away.他跑掉了。 To learn a foreign language is not easy.学习一门外语不容易。 Driving to Beijing is not difficult.开车去北京不难。 What has happened proves that our policy is right. 发生的一切证明我们的政策是对的。 Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 我们是否去要看天气。 ★谓语: 概念:说明主语的动作、特征、状态等的句子成分,叫做谓语。 位置:谓语动词通常位于主语之后,特殊句型位于主语之前。 构成:由动词或动词短语充当。 例如:We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们周一至周五上学。 I went to the zoo yesterday.昨天我去了动物园。 Some children asked for cold drinks. 有些孩子要喝冷饮。 I shall go to see him tomorrow. 明天我要去看他。 I must ask her to teach me to swim. 我一定得请她教我游泳。 We looked for Mr. Wilson yesterday.我们昨天找过威尔逊先生。 He took part in the meeting last Saturday.他上周六参加了会议。 ★宾语: 概念:动词宾语是动作的承受者。及物动词以及相当于及物动词的短语后都必须带宾语。 介词之后的宾语叫介词宾语。 位置:动词宾语位于及物动词之后;介词宾语位于介词之后。 构成:名词、名词化的形容词、代词、数词、-ing形式、动词不定式和从句等均可作宾语。 例如:The teacher asked the students to finish the homework after class. 老师让学生们课下完成作业。 He wanted to buy that T-shirt.他想买那件T恤衫。 They are having a party in the garden.他们正在花园里开聚会。 I don’t know when they will arrive.我不知道他们何时到达。 ★双宾语: 英语中,有些及物动词可以接两个宾语,动作的承受者,即指物的叫做直接宾语,动作是为谁做的或是对谁做的,即指人的叫做间接宾语,这两个宾语称为“双宾语”。 例:Pass me the salt, please. 把盐递给我。the salt(直接宾语),me(间接宾语) They asked me to sing them a song. 他们要我给他们唱一支歌。 a song(直接宾语),them(间接宾语)。 间接宾语后置:间接宾语也可以放在直接宾语的后面,这时候需要在间接宾语之前分别加两个介词:for或to.具体用哪一个介词,主要取决于句子的谓语动词。 例:I’ll lend you something to read. →I’ll lend something to read to you. 我要借点什么东西给你看。 I hope you will do me a favor.→I hope you will do a favor for me. 我希望你能帮我做一件事。 以下这类双宾语动词如果间接宾语后置,要求在间接宾语之前加“to”。 give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, pay, throw, allow, wish, teach, promise, award, accord, grant, owe, refuse, deny等。 以下这类双宾语动词如果间接宾语后置,要求在间接宾语之前加“for”。 make, buy, do, fetch, get, paint, play, save, reserve, spare, order, cook, sing, find等。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 句子成分意义充当词类例句 主语表示句子说的是什么人或什 么 事名,代,数,不定 式,动名词,短语或 | 句子 We study in HuangQiao Middle School. 谓语说明主语做什么,是什么或怎 么样 动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree. 宾语表示动作行为的对象。 同主语 Both of us like English. 表语与联系动词连用,一起构成谓 语,说明主语的性质或特征同主语Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable. 定语用来修饰名词或代词. 形,代,数,名, 副,介词短语或句子 We have eight lessons every day. 状语修饰动词,形容词,副词,表 示动作发生的时间,地点,原 因,目的,方式,结果等副词,介词短语或句 子 He works very hard. 》 They held a party in Hollywood. 宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词,名词,介词 短语等 She always keeps the house clean. 主语谓语是基础,宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无! ^ 简单句的五个基本句型 主语+不及物动词She came.. 主语+及物动词+宾语She likes English. 主语+系动词+主语补语 She is happy. 主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 She gave John a book. She bought a book for me. 主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语 She makes her mother angry. # The teacher asked me to read the passage. 主谓宾 名/代--动词--名/代 we-- saw --you. we-- did --the work. 主系表 名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词 you are beautiful you seems worried.

(完整word版)英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习 一、句子的基本结构(5种) 1、主语+谓语(s+v) 2、主语+系动词+表语(s+l+p) 3、主语+谓语+宾语(s+v+o) 4、主语+谓语+间接宾语(指人)+直接宾语(指物)(s+v+io+do) 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(s+v+o+c) 二、句子成分:(主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语) 1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east ()He likes dancing. () Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. () To see is to believe.()What he needs is a book.() It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.() (一)指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

完整word版,高中英语句子成分句子种类(配练习题)

句子成分 (一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 (二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如: During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词) We often speak English in class.(代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词) The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式) (三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students. (四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如: Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)

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