现代大学英语 基础写作(课件)
现代大学英语基础写作Content •Summary•Paragraph•Narration•DescriptionSummary Writing • 1.Whata short piece of writing----the main facts or ideas of a story or article2.Features:objective , complete , balanced3.Goalto give readers an objective,complete,accurate and balanced4.Where : examination questionsnewspaper or TV reportsemployees’report• 5.Tipsreadmaster the main ideasfigure out important detailsnot adding extra thinglimit the number of wordspreserve the mood and the toneGathering essential facts—summarize the main idea • 1.essential facts and main actions• 2.necessary background• 3.leave out unimportant things• 4.indirect speech and straightforward language • 5.in chronological (time) orderDifferences between summarizing essay storyThe main ideas The main actionIn logical order (逻辑顺序)In chronological order (事情发展顺序)Summary--Use narration todescribe a person • 1.focus on the main character• 2.briefly describe the main character• 3.desbrie an incident to display the character and personality• 4.conclude with a remark about the impliesParagraph Writing1.Whata number of sentences----develop an idea2.Structuretopic sentence& supporting detailsa single pointa discussible pointdon’t be too narrow(狭窄)or too broad(宽泛)Paragraph unity(一致性)• 1.Whatsentences that explain or support the general statement• 2.Howbegin with a discussable point and express it in a topic sentencestick and prove this single point ,not only repeat itlink wordsParagraph coherence(连贯性)• 1.What•every sentences after the first is connect to the one before it, to topic sentence, or to both• 2.How•clear order (顺序)•correct pronouns•link words and expressionsNarrative paragraph• 1.What•describe an incident or a personal experience• 2.How•it is complete (beginning-middle-end)•only important details•as little conversation as possible •link words and expressions Conclude your own words Indirect speechInteresting paragraphInteresting paragraphInteresting topicsentenceEnough detailsAnd so on….actionsSurroundingsappearances• 1.What•the type of writing which tells a story: personal experience, imaginative fiction, historical narrative• 2.Essential element••events arranged in a chosen order••told by a narrator••purpose: to illustrate a point•to support an idea•to explain a procedure(程序,步骤)•to entertain the reader• 3.How to write•construct a topic sentence•use the first person point of view •present your personal experience in chronological order•select details that serve your purpose •connect the details by transitions•p.s. ordinary experiences are the beat sources for personal narrativesNarration --Major types of point ofviewThe first person point of view I Observer orparticipantsubjectiveThe third person point of view He, she, they Observer objective Point of view---the perspective(观点)NarrationThe third person point of view the objective/dramatic —只叙述故事,不描写心理the limited omniscient(=all knowing)/limited —仅描写其中一个角色心理the omniscient —所有Narration --Effective sentences--action and active verbs •TIPS•replace the verbs be with an action verbs •don’t overuse the pattern—there + be •use the active voiceEffective sentences• 1.coordination •(并列)Coordinatingconjunctionsbut,or,nor,for,so,yetCorrelativeconjunctionsboth..and,either..or,nether..nor,notonly..butalso,whether..or ConjunctiveadverbsHowever,moreover,furthermore,therefore TransitionalphrasesAs a matter offact,forexample,in otherwords• 2.subordination•(从属)Subordinatingconjunctions After,although,as,b ecause,before,if,si nce,though,unless, until,when,where,w hileRelative pronouns That,which,who,wh om,whose• 3.parallelism(平行结构,排比)grammaticalequalparallelismcoordination所有平行结构都是并列结构words phrases clauses• 4.variety•How•vary sentence opening•use a variety of sentence structure•invert sentences occasionally••Tips•put an verb before the subject•put the verb or direct object before the subject •begin the sentence with a prepositional or •an infinitive phrase•begin the sentence with a subordinate clause• 5.conciseness--be briefunnecessary words1) cut out unnecessary repetitionempty phrase2) use appropriate(合适的) language• 6.emphasis --emphasize your point •coordination 并列结构•subordination 从属结构•sentence ending 强调末尾•parallelism 平行结构•active verb•choosing the right subjectshowing & telling showing tellingWays of telling a storySummarize what happened Dramatize a scene (片面,突出想强调的)Create a dialogue (为中心服务)Include many events and details More vividReader—experience the scenedirectlyShort narrative = showingLonger narrative = showing + telling• 1.be brief account ofa person’s lifethe history of a familythe establishment & development of an organization• 2. basic structure Conclude withOpen withprovidea brief introduction(name,date of birth, birth place)a brief account of major phrases(turning point, achievement)a remark or two• 3.summary paragraphsA typical paragraph Topic sentence&SupportingsentencesExplanations orproofThe summary paragraph Simple facts & conclusionsDescription• 1.What•a type of writing that helps the readers to see in their mind’s eyeObjective description Subjective description• 2.methods of describing a placethe senses(感官)•Using spatial order(空间顺序)chronological order(事情发展顺序) Tipsa dominant impressiondon’t too many adj. & adv.precise nouns and vivid verbsavoid describing too much, use accurate nouns3. methods of describing an object•the senses(感官)Using spatial order(空间顺序)chronological order(事情发展顺序)listing functionstipsstate how you gotprovide some basic factual informationput out usesfocus on particular partstate the importanceexpress your feelings4. methods of describing a person 1)aspects--Physical features, personality, speech,actions,habits2)How--ⅰadopt the dominant impression (only one)ⅱselect details (concrete & vivid &precise)ⅲshow in action [use showing (telling–background)]ⅳuse anecdotes (典型例子)3) Tipsfocus on one quality/features and depict it by anecdotes describe the person from appearance to personalitylist a few characteristic features brieflythe person you know or have metthe person influences on you, or you have benefited from the friendship, insights, attitude, etc.。
现代大学英语基础写作(课件)
Conclusion
The paragraph's closing sentence, which summarizes the main points and/or transitions to the next paragraph.
Chapter layout
Title
A concise and descriptive title that reflects the chapter's content.
Practical Approach
The course emphasizes practical writing skills, focusing on effective communication and clear expression.
Integration of Theory and Practice
The course combines theoretical knowledge with practical exercises to help students apply what they learn to real-world situations.
Learning suggestions
Learning objectives
01
To learn effective writing techniques and strategies to improve their English writing skills.
02
To understand the basic principles of English grammar and punctuation to ensure their writing is clear and coherent.
英语写作基础教程课件.
The comma (,)
4. Nonrestrictive clauses and phrases are Set off by commas. 5. Commas set off parenthetical elements. 6. In dates, a comma is used to separate the day and the year if the order is month-day-year, no comma need be used If the order is day-month-year.
right
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Arrangement
13
Arrangement
14
Arrangement
Hyphen
Байду номын сангаас
-
Article
a/an/the
Preposition of/in/at/on…
Coordinating conjunctions and/or/but….
Infinitives
to+…
Question mark ?
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Word division (P2)
-le Single letter Two-letter ending Hyphen Double consonants The last word of a page
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Focus 1 Manuscript Form (P1)
Capitalization 1. proper names 2. key words in titles 3. the first words of sentences
Arrangement 1. two centimeters at the top 2. two centimeters at the bottom 3.one and a half centimeters on the left 4.one and a half centimeters on the
大学英语写作教案ppt课件
freeways connect the many communities that are part of Los
Angeles.The city has grown higher.Office buildings, hotels and
stores are now taller. Public places, such as sports stadiums, have
Moreover Namely Nevertheless Next Nonetheless Now Otherwise similarly
Still Subsequently Then Thereafter Therefore Thus undoubtedly
4
第二章 段落的构成
段落是指一组相互关联，用来阐述某一中心思想的句子群。 一 段落和提纲 我们在写文章之前应该拟出一个提纲，而提纲的每一个
因此，我们在写作时要摈弃一切与本段的中心、主题无关 的句子。
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The bright children is patient. He can tolerate uncertainty and failure and will keep trying until he gets an answer. When all his experiments fail, he can even admit to himself and others that for the time being he is not going to get an answer. This may annoy him, but he can wait. Very often, he does not want to be told how to do the problem or solve the puzzle he has struggled with. because he does not want to be cheated out of the chance to figure It out for himself in the failure. This is not so for the dull child. He can’t stand uncertainty or failure. To him, an unanswered question Is not a challenge or an opportunity, but a threat. If he can’t find the answer quickly, it must be given to him, and quickly; and he must have answers for everything.
week 5 writing process (2) 现代大学英语上课课件ppt
3. Tuition funds should be used for scholarships.
Because the tuition money will not be used for scholarships, some students may not be able to afford this high-priced school.
Focusing your topic sentence
The rules for good thesis also work for topic sentences
Examples: Too many people treat animals badly in
experiments. The cosmetic industry often harms animals
Ⅰ: Car is special because it was a gift from dad
Ⅱ: Fun to drive Ⅲ: Looks great-new paint job Ⅳ: Engine in top condition Ⅴ: Custom features Ⅵ: Car shows—fun to be part of
in unnecessary experiments designed to test their products. Finding the right job is important and can lead to rewarding experience. Finding the right job can lead to an improved sense of self-esteem.
现代大学英语课件-lesson-1-half-a-day
Questions
What did you do at the first day of your school?
Now let’s listen to Sandy’s first day at school.
A poem
First Day at School
It’s hard to explain, the way I feel; A place unknown but is so real! A soft voice welcomes me to the place, I look up to see a lady’s smiling face.
I. Author and his work II. Date palm III. Different names of God IV. Rip Van Winkle
I. Author and his work
Naguib Mahfouz(纳吉布•马福兹) was born on the 11th Dec. 1911 in a suburb of Cairo, the youngest son of a merchant. He studied philosophy at Cairo University, graduating in 1934. He was the first Arab to win the Nobel prize for literature, in 1988. He has been described as "a Dickens of the Cairo cafés" and "the Balzac of Egypt".
The end of General Analysis.
现代大学英语 基础写作下ppt课件
The end of the story or climax, tells how the conflict is resolved
ppt课件
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Even within each genre of writing there are different kinds of writing
Narrative
Anecdote
Fables and Legends
Biography
Stories with a plot
Autobiography
ppt课件
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Effective sentences
1.coordination (并列)
understanding of the original paper.
4.Where : examination questions
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
newspaper or TV reports
employees’ reports
5.Tips
read & master the main ideas
figure out important details
ppt课件
15
Personal experience narrative
Narrator: first person Structure: 1.beginning: topic sentence ( who, when, where, what,
why, how..), describing the whole event 2. body: present the experience in chronological order
现代大学英语第二版unit1PPT演示课件
Theme & Structure
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Theme
The text gives us a general description of college students’ development or changes on campus.
The text is helpful in learning new knowledge, updating old thoughts, getting new habits and taking much self-confidence to tackle with challenges.
3. Topic sentence: • e.g. paras. 3, 5, 10
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Techniques in Paragraph Development
1. Development: • quotation: in…(source); according to • categorization: first, second, …; one…another…; in addition to… • illustration/example
3. What changes have you made after one-year study in Zhejiang University of Technology?
3
There are
four seasons
in one’s
college years,
representing
different
• Identity is highly relational.
• identity crisis: the difficulties, confusions and anxieties that one goes through when he/she is not sure who he/she is and what his/her purpose in life is
《现代大学英语》PPT课件
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paralleled paradoxes: Without recognizing this we will end up
(2) Antithesis:
a) outer city of wealth and comfort vs. inner city of poverty and despair
b) dark yesterdays vs. bright tomorrows;
C) on the basis of the content of their
of signs and symbols that deals especially with their function in both artificially constructed and natural languages and comprises syntactics, semantics, and pragmatics
he can never advocate violence.
19 Antithesis
For through violence you may murder a
murderer but you can't murder murder.
Through violence you may murder a liar
life, the Negro has a double share.
There are twice as many unemployed. The rate of infant mortality among Negroes
U3--教师用书--现代大英(第二版)基础写作(上)
现代大学英语（第二版）基础写作（上）教师用书Unit 3Task One: Summary WritingActivity 1Summarizing a story section by sectionSummarize “The Midnight Visitor,” using the above guidelines just given and those stated in the previous units. Here are some questions for you to think about while reading the text.1.Ausable, an American secret agent. A summary should focus on him because thestory portrays the main character rather than narrates an incident he is involved in.2.Max, the German spy. He is important and shouldn’t be left out because theconflict is the struggle between him and Ausable.3.Fowler, the young American writer. He has no part in the conflict. In the story hisfunction is to heighten a professional secret agent’s presence of mind against an inexperienced young writer’s fright in a dangerous situation.Section 1 (Paras. 1 – 4)Study the three summaries that describe the main character. Explain which of them is the best, and what is wrong with the other two.Summary 1 is the best of the three. It is objective, complete, and balanced. Second, the length is just right, about one-fourth of the original.Summary 2 focuses on a minor character although the length is all right.Summary 3 includes an unimportant detail in the last but one sentence. The second half is a repetition of what is stated in the opening sentence. And an important detail—Fowler’s presence and his impression of Ausable—is left out.Section 2 (Paras. 5 – 13)Summarize this section orally, making your summary one-third to one-fourth the length of the original. Before you summarize the passage answer these questions and list the important points you think should be included in the summary.1.He told Fowler that he would soon witness something exciting—animportant paper was to be delivered to him.2.It was a German secret agent, Ausable’s old opponent.3.He had come to get the report that was on its way to Ausable’s place.4.He remained calm. He behaved as if he had seen an old friend.5. A balcony outside the window of his room. He said he believed it was wherehis enemy had got into the room.Now list the facts you think should be included in the summary.1.Ausable told Fowler an important paper would soon be delivered to him.2.He found in his room a man with a pistol.3.The man was Max, a German spy, an old opponent.4.He wanted to get the paper Ausable mentioned.5.Ausable remained calm.6.He spoke as if he thought Max had entered his room through a balcony andtalked at length about it.Work out an outline based on the list.Thesis: Ausable worked out a plan to deal with his opponent.Outline:-Ausable told Fowler an important paper was to be delivered to him soon.-In his room, Ausable found his old opponent who had come for the same paper.-He had a plan to deal with the situation and made the man believe there was a balcony outside the window.Section 3 (Paras. 14-16)Summarize this passage orally.Ausable told the young writer that a very important paper was to be delivered to him that night. When they entered his room, Ausable found an old opponent of his threatening them with a pistol. The man had come for the very same paper. Looking angry, Ausable started complaining about a balcony outside the window of his room. He spoke as if he believed that his enemy had got in through the balcony, but the man said he had used a passkey.Section 4 (Paras. 17-28)Now list the facts you think should be included in the summary.-They heard a knock at the door.-Ausable said that he had sent for the police for protection.-Max moved to the window, intending to hide on the balcony.-The doorknob turned and Max dropped to what he thought was the balcony.- A waiter walked in with the drink Ausable had ordered.-Ausable told Fowler there was no police and Max would not return.Work out an outline based on the list.Thesis: Ausable defeated his opponent. / Ausable’s plan worked.Outline:-When someone knocked at the door, Ausable made the man believe it was the police.-The man moved to the window and was ready to hide on the balcony.-When the doorknob turned, the man dropped to his death as there was no balconySummarize the passage orally.Then they heard a knock at the door. Ausable said it was the police he had sent for to protect the paper. Max became nervous. He moved to the window, intending to hide on the balcony, and he told Ausable to send the police away. When the doorknob turned, he dropped out of the window. A waiter entered with the drink Ausable hadordered. Ausable then told Fowler that he had not asked the police for protection and said the man with the gun would not return.Activity 2: Summarizing a story in chronological orderRead the following narrative essay entitled “A Home of a Different Sort” section by section, summarize each section in one sentence and write the sentence in the space below.Section 1 (Paras. 1-2)1.Jeff decided to work with a ski patrol while his father demanded he went tocollege, and said he would disown/reject him if he didn’t.2.Father and son had become estranged since then.Main idea:Jeff was estranged from his father after a bitter argument about his future when he graduated from high school.Section 2 (Paras. 3-12)1.He was now doing is for himself, not for his father, after working as a planner fora big company.2.It was a trick Jeff’s sister planned and played for the estranged father and son tohave a “chance” meeting.Main idea: Years later, Jeff was attending college and kept it a secret from his father until the day of his graduation ceremony.Section 3 (Paras. 13-16)1.The father must have had mixed feelings. On the one hand he must have felt proudof his son and was anxious to welcome him back. On the other hand, he might have felt sorry for those harsh words he said to his son.The son was moved by the change in his formerly cold and stern father and was anxious to go home.Main idea:the estranged father and son were reconciled.✍Writing Assignment OneAnswers may vary.Task Two: Paragraph WritingActivity 3 Learning to create a dominant impressionRead the following paragraph from “Silk Parachute” by John McPhee and respond to the questions that follow it.1. A2.The narrator uses action verbs to create a dominant impression of his mother.Read the following paragraph from “The Men We Carry in Our Minds” by Scott Russell Sanders and respond to the questions that follow it.1.Men in some occupations labored hard in horrible conditions.2.The narrator uses action verbs and adjectives to create such a dominant impressionin the first paragraph.3.In the second paragraph, the narrator uses many specific words and figurativelanguage to visualize the horrible working conditions and the living standards the men endured.Activity 4 Reading on the topicSilk Parachute1.Strict and protective.2.Staying up all night playing poker; using four-letter words at the age of 5;burying the sandwich in a snow bank.3.To achieve humor.Mr. Jones1.He was black-haired and had a pale, lean face with high cheekbones, wearinggold-rimmed glasses with pitch-black lenses.2.He was blind and crippled.3.The man had a lean distinctive face with a red star-shaped birthmark on his leftcheek.Hearts and Hands1.It is the story of a marshal who kindly saves the prisoner in his charge fromembarrassment.2.When he was taking a criminal handcuffed with him to prison, they sat opposite aformer girl friend of the criminal. To save the prisoner from embarrassment, he pretended to be the prisoner.3.The passenger judged people by their appearance. The prisoner was handsome andwell-dressed while the marshal was glum-faced and roughly dressed.4.By using dialogue and descriptive words like "The glum-faced man had beenwatching the girl’s countenance with veiled glances from his keen, shrewd eyes."Activity 5 Reading from your peers1.The first passage highlights the main character's messy hair, rough face, frowningbrows and cold eyes. The second passage focuses on comparing the two men's dress. The third passage uses "plain and ordinary" to describe the main character's look and dress.2.The thesis in the first two is that judging a person by his appearance often leadspeople to wrong conclusions. The thesis of the third is contained in the topic sentence: success, ability, confidence and kindness all could not be seen in one’s appearance.3.Answers vary.✍Writing Assignment Two Answers may vary.。
高考英语基础写作课件-新课标-人教版
然后，我们几个陪高晓声打麻将，他戴上老花眼镜，斜叼着香烟眼袋浮肿，他有些醉意，好多次看错手里的牌。
那个夜晚我们没聊文学，啥都没聊。
唉，那个难忘的夜晚啊！
六
找到一张摄于1986年的黑白照片，周介人、程德培、李劼和我，四个人，坐在作家协会花园的草坪上，啊啊，那是多么美好的时光呢（其实未必）…让我想想我们四个，常常一起活动，来的朋友多， 会议多，笔会多，聚餐自然也不少，但是，除了我，周介人不沾酒，李劼对酒毫无感觉，而程德培，好像他不怎么碰酒呀，不可能吧，德公晓声，全在上海的马路上，差不多1985年前后，一次巨鹿路，一次绍兴路，都有人陪着，停下，说了两三句话，也沒记住。bbin
这次在常州，算是可以好好聊了，高晓声请我们几个吃螃蟹，喝黄酒。有个小院，两间房，家具十分简陋，没看见几本书，好像一本书也没有，好像不住人，却有一张大床，只看见床底下塞满了大 大小小的空酒瓶子。