The Service Concept for Improving an Organization's Value Adding
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在（推评进价市客场驱户动服的务物流目战标略）
The purpose of lo中gi，stic目s 标str是ate以gy有is效to的pr低ov成id本e customers with the level and qu获al得ity“of完se美rv的ice服th务at”th。ey require at less cost. In developing a market-driven logistics strategy the aim is to achieve ‘perfect servicet’aikneainctoostc-oefnfseicdteivreatwioany. The firm must research the relative import考an虑ce of these service output. The firm must also take into account competitor’s service standards. It will normally want to offer at least the same service level as competitors’ service standards. But the objective is to maximize profits not sales. The firm has to look at the cost of providing higher level of services. Some companies offer less service and charge a lower price. Other companies offer more service and charge a higher price. The firm ultimately establishes right objectives to guide its planning.
小学上册第十四次英语第1单元期中试卷(有答案)
小学上册英语第1单元期中试卷(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The chemical symbol for nickel is _____.2.I make _____ (晚餐) for my family.3.We are going to the ___. (beach) this summer.4.The rabbit hops over the ______.5.What do you call a collection of poetry published together?A. AnthologyB. CollectionC. VolumeD. Book答案: A6. A _______ (小鲸鱼) can sing songs underwater.7. A _____ (植物研究计划) can address global challenges.8.I enjoy making ________ (生日蛋糕) for friends.9.My mom is a great __________ (家长) who supports us.10.The __________ (悬崖) is dangerous but beautiful.11. A __________ is a type of chemical bond formed by sharing electrons.12. A saturated fat is ______ at room temperature.13.My grandpa enjoys gardening ____.14.My teacher is _______ (友好的).15.Solids have tightly packed ______.16.The classroom is _____ (clean/dirty).17.What do you call the process of plants making their own food?A. PhotosynthesisB. RespirationC. FermentationD. Transpiration答案:A18.We have a ______ (丰富的) calendar of events.19. A jellyfish has a gelatinous ______ (身体).20._____ (温带) plants can survive in seasonal changes.21.My dad is a strong __________ (支持者) of my education.22. A cat's purring can soothe ______ (焦虑) feelings.23.The antelope gracefully moves through the grasslands, a testament to speed and ____.24.My aunt is very _______ (形容词). 她总是 _______ (动词).25.Many flowers are ______ (一年生) and die after one season.26.The capital of the Cayman Islands is __________.27.I enjoy playing in the ______ (秋天) leaves when they turn bright ______ (颜色).28.They are ___ a movie. (watching)29.I enjoy ______ (探索) the world around me.30.The element with the chemical symbol Fe is _______.31.I find _____ (乐趣) in reading.32.The chemical formula for silver acetate is _______.33. (Renaissance) artists were supported by wealthy patrons. The ____34.I have _____ (three/four) pets.35.What is the coldest season of the year?A. SpringB. SummerC. FallD. Winter答案:D.Winter36.What is the name of the sweet food made from chocolate and cream?A. GanacheB. FrostingC. MousseD. Pudding答案: C37. A ____(community development) focuses on improving living conditions.38.The process of combining elements to form compounds is called ______.39. A hamster can run for hours on its ______ (轮子).40. A __________ is a common example of a base.41.The museum is very _______ (有教育意义的).42.What is the main ingredient in sushi?A. NoodlesB. RiceC. BreadD. Potatoes答案: B43.I can ______ (dance) with my friends.44.What is the name of the famous landmark in the USA?A. Statue of LibertyB. Washington MonumentC. Golden Gate BridgeD. All of the above答案: D. All of the above45.She is a friendly ________.46.I want a pet _______ (fish).47.I like to _______ (paint) with watercolors.48. A __________ is a narrow valley.49.The __________ helps some animals to glide through the air.50.The chemical formula for boric acid is ______.51.The playground is ________ (适合孩子们).52.She is a _____ (历史学家) who studies ancient civilizations.53.I go to school by ______.54.What is the name of the famous painting by Van Gogh?A. The Starry NightB. The ScreamC. Girl with a Pearl EarringD. The Mona Lisa答案:A.The Starry Night55.The chemical name for HO is _______.56.What do we call the famous American holiday celebrated on July 4th?A. ThanksgivingB. Independence DayC. Memorial DayD. Labor Day 答案:B58.The ancient Egyptians kept _______ as pets. (猫)59.The ancient Romans had a system of laws known as ________.60.The ancient Romans built _____ to celebrate their victories.61.I love to explore ________ (村庄) during vacations.62.I think animals are very _______ (形容词). They bring joy and _______ (快乐) to our lives.63. A __________ is a small body of water, usually smaller than a lake.64. (Magna Carta) was signed in 1215 to limit the power of the king. The ____65.The ancient Greeks believed in the importance of ________ (艺术).66.What is 60 ÷ 3?A. 15B. 20C. 25D. 30答案:b67.What do you call the person who helps you in a gym?A. TrainerB. ChefC. DoctorD. Teacher答案: A68.The apples are _______ (ripe) and ready to eat.69. A ______ has a unique pattern on its fur.70. (18) is the imaginary line that divides the Earth into northern and southern halves. The ____71.The chemical formula for magnesium oxide is _____.72.Which animal lives in a den?A. WolfB. EagleC. FishD. Frog答案:A73.The penguin waddles across the ______ (冰).74.My mom enjoys __________ (与朋友聚会).75.In _____ (日本), sushi is a popular dish.76.My brother is my best _______ who plays games with me.78.In the garden, I planted _____ (多种) vegetables like carrots and tomatoes.79.The ______ teaches us about climate change.80.Carbon dioxide is produced when we __________ (呼吸).81.The crow is known for its ________________ (智慧).82. A squirrel's diet consists mainly of ______ (坚果) and grains.83.The chemical formula for glucose is ______.84.The chemical symbol for promethium is _____.85.How many colors are in a standard rainbow?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 8答案:C86.n Wall fell in _____. The Berl87.The reaction between an acid and a base produces ______.88.The forecast says it might ______ (下雨) this evening.89.My teacher teaches us . (我的老师教我们。
全国大学英语CET四级考试试卷及答案指导(2025年)
2025年全国大学英语CET四级考试模拟试卷及答案指导一、写作（15分）CET-4 Writing SectionDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled “The Importance of Teamwork”. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Sample Essay: The Importance of TeamworkIn today’s fast-paced and highly competitive world, the concept of teamwork has become more crucial than ever. It is often said that one can go fast alone, but to go far, one must go together. This saying underlines the importance of teamwork in achieving common goals effectively and efficiently.Teamwork allows for the pooling of diverse skills and talents, which leads to more innovative solutions and better decision-making. When individuals with different backgrounds and expertise collaborate, they bring unique perspectives to the table, fostering an environment where creativity thrives. Furthermore, working as a team builds a support system, enabling members to rely on each other during challenging times, thus reducing stress and increasing job satisfaction.Another significant benefit of teamwork is the ability to accomplish tasksthat would be impossible for an individual to handle. By dividing work among team members based on their strengths, teams can tackle complex projects, ensuring all aspects are thoroughly covered. This not only improves the quality of work but also accelerizes the completion time.In conclusion, the value of teamwork cannot be overstated. It is through collaboration and mutual support that we can achieve great things, overcome obstacles, and reach our full potential. Embracing the spirit of teamwork is essential for both personal and professional success in our interconnected world.Analysis:•Introduction: The essay begins with a clear statement about the increasing significance of teamwork in the modern era, setting up the main argument.•Body Paragraphs:•The first body paragraph discusses how teamwork enhances innovation and decision-making by combining varied skills and viewpoints.•The second body paragraph highlights the supportive nature of teamwork, emphasizing its role in managing stress and boosting morale.• A third point is made about the efficiency and effectiveness gained from dividing labor according to individual strengths, allowing for thesuccessful execution of complex tasks.•Conclusion: The concluding paragraph reinforces the thesis, summarizing the key benefits of teamwork and linking them to broader concepts ofachievement and personal growth.This sample response adheres to the word limit (156 words), maintains a coherent structure, and provides specific examples to support the main points, making it a strong example for the CET-4 writing section.二、听力理解-短篇新闻（选择题，共7分）第一题News Item 1:A new study has found that the popularity of online shopping has led to a significant increase in the use of plastic packaging. The researchers analyzed data from various e-commerce platforms and discovered that the amount of plastic packaging used in online orders has doubled over the past five years. This has raised concerns about the environmental impact of e-commerce and the need for more sustainable packaging solutions.Questions:1、What is the main issue addressed in the news?A) The decline of traditional shopping methods.B) The environmental impact of online shopping.C) The growth of e-commerce platforms.D) The advantages of plastic packaging.2、According to the news, what has happened to the use of plastic packaging in online orders over the past five years?A) It has decreased by 50%.B) It has remained stable.C) It has increased by 25%.D) It has doubled.3、What is the primary concern raised by the study regarding online shopping?A) The increase in the number of e-commerce platforms.B) The high cost of online shopping.C) The environmental impact of plastic packaging.D) The difficulty in returning products.Answers:1、B) The environmental impact of online shopping.2、D) It has doubled.3、C) The environmental impact of plastic packaging.第二题Section B: Short NewsIn this section, you will hear one short news report. At the end of the news report, you will hear three questions. After each question, there is a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.News Report:The World Health Organization announced today that it has added the ChineseSinovac COVID-19 vaccine to its list of vaccines approved for emergency use. This move will facilitate the distribution of the vaccine in lower-income countries participating in the COVAX initiative aimed at ensuring equitable access to vaccines globally. The WHO praised the Sinovac vaccine for its easy storage requirements, making it ideal for areas with less sophisticated medical infrastructure.Questions:1、According to the news report, what did the WHO announce?A)The end of the pandemicB)Approval of a new vaccineC)Launch of a global health campaignD)Increased funding for vaccine researchAnswer: B) Approval of a new vaccine2、What was highlighted about the Sinovac vaccine by the WHO?A)It is the most effective vaccine availableB)It requires simple storage conditionsC)It is cheaper than other vaccinesD)It has no side effectsAnswer: B) It requires simple storage conditions3、What is the purpose of the COVAX initiative mentioned in the report?A)To speed up vaccine developmentB)To provide financial support to vaccine manufacturersC)To ensure equal access to vaccines worldwideD)To promote travel between countriesAnswer: C) To ensure equal access to vaccines worldwide三、听力理解-长对话（选择题，共8分）第一题Part Three: Long ConversationsIn this section, you will hear 1 long conversation. The conversation will be played twice. After you hear a part of the conversation, there will be a pause. Both the questions and the conversation will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Now, listen to the conversation.Conversational Excerpt:M: Hey, Jane, how was your day at the office today?W: Oh, it was quite a challenge. I had to deal with a lot of issues. But I think I handled them pretty well.M: That’s good to hear. What were the main issues you faced?W: Well, first, we had a problem with the new software we’re tryin g to implement. It seems to be causing some technical difficulties.M: Oh no, that sounds frustrating. Did you manage to fix it?W: Not yet. I’m still trying to figure out what’s wrong. But I’m workingon it.M: That’s important. The company can’t afford a ny downtime with this software.W: Exactly. And then, I had to deal with a customer complaint. The customer was really upset because of a delayed shipment.M: That’s never a good situation. How did you handle it?W: I tried to be understanding and offered a discount on their next order. It seemed to calm them down a bit.M: That was a good move. Did it resolve the issue?W: Yes, it did. They’re satisfied now, and I think we’ve avoided a bigger problem.M: It sounds like you had a busy day. But you did a good job handling everything.W: Thanks, I’m glad you think so.Questions:1、What was the main issue the woman faced with the new software?A) It was causing problems with the computer systems.B) It was taking longer to install than expected.C) It was causing technical difficulties.D) It was not compatible with their existing systems.2、How did the woman deal with the customer complaint?A) She escalated the issue to her supervisor.B) She offered a discount on the customer’s next order.C) She apologized directly to the customer.D) She sent the customer a refund check.3、What was the woman’s impression of her day at work?A) It was uneventful and unchallenging.B) It was quite stressful but rewarding.C) It was a day filled with unnecessary meetings.D) It was a day where she didn’t accomplish much.4、What did the man say about the woman’s day at work?A) He thought it was unproductive.B) He felt she had handled everything well.C) He thought she should have asked for help.D) He believed she should take a break.Answers:1、C2、B3、B4、B第二题对话内容:Man:Hey, Sarah. I heard you’re planning to go on a trip next month. Where are you heading?Sarah:Oh, hi, Mike! Yes, I’m really excited about it. I’m going to Japan. It’s my first time there.Man:That sounds amazing! How long will you be staying? And what places are you planning to visit?Sarah:I’ll be there for two weeks. My plan is to start in Tokyo and then travel to Kyoto, Osaka, and Hiroshima. I’ve always been fascinated by the mix of traditional and modern culture in Japan.Man: Two weeks should give you plenty of time to see a lot. Are you going alone or with someone?Sarah:Actually, I’m going with a group of friends from college. We all decided to take this trip together after graduation. It’ll be great to experience it with them.Man:That’s wonderful! Do you have everything planned out, like accommodations and transportation?Sarah:Mostly, yes. We’ve booked our flights and hotels, and we’re using the Japan Rail Pass for getting around. B ut we’re leaving some room for spontaneity too. Sometimes the best experiences come unexpectedly!Man:Absolutely, that’s the spirit of traveling. Well, I hope you have an incredible time. Don’t forget to try some local food and maybe bring back some souvenirs!Sarah:Thanks, Mike! I definitely won’t miss out on trying sushi and ramen, and I already have a list of gifts to buy for family and friends. I can’t waitto share my adventures with everyone when I get back.1、How long is Sarah planning to stay in Japan?•A) One week•B) Two weeks•C) Three weeks•D) One month答案: B) Two weeks2、Which of the following ci ties is NOT mentioned as part of Sarah’s itinerary?•A) Tokyo•B) Kyoto•C) Sapporo•D) Hiroshima答案: C) Sapporo3、Who is Sarah going to Japan with?•A) By herself•B) With her family•C) With a group of friends•D) With coworkers答案: C) With a group of friends4、What has Sarah and her friends prepared for their trip besides booking flights and hotels?•A) They have hired a personal guide.•B) They have reserved spots for cultural workshops.•C) They have purchased a Japan Rail Pass.•D) They have enrolled in a language course.答案: C) They have purchased a Japan Rail Pass.四、听力理解-听力篇章（选择题，共20分）第一题Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, check what you have written.Passage:In recent years, the concept of “soft skills” has become increasingly popular in the workplace. These are skills that are not traditionally taught in schools but are essential for success in the professional world. Soft skills include communication, teamwork, problem-solving, and time management.1、Many employers believe that soft skills are just as important as technical skills because they help employees adapt to changing work environments.2、One of the most important soft skills is communication. Effectivecommunication can prevent misunderstandings and improve relationships with colleagues.3、Teamwork is also crucial in today’s workplace. Being able to work well with others can lead to better productivity and innovation.4、Problem-solving skills are essential for overcoming obstacles and achieving goals. Employees who can think creatively and solve problems efficiently are highly valued.5、Time management is another key soft skill. Being able to prioritize tasks and manage time effectively can help employees meet deadlines and reduce stress.Questions:1、What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of technical skills in the workplace.B) The definition and examples of soft skills.C) The increasing popularity of soft skills in the workplace.D) The impact of soft skills on employee performance.2、Why do many employers believe soft skills are important?A) They are easier to teach than technical skills.B) They are not necessary for most jobs.C) They help employees adapt to changing work environments.D) They are more difficult to acquire than technical skills.3、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a soft skill in the passage?A) Communication.B) Leadership.C) Problem-solving.D) Time management.Answers:1、C) The increasing popularity of soft skills in the workplace.2、C) They help employees adapt to changing work environments.3、B) Leadership.Second Part: Listening Comprehension - Passage QuestionsListen to the following passage carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.Passage:Every year, millions of people flock to beaches around the world for their vacations. While enjoying the sun and sand, few give much thought to the tiny organisms that make up the very sand they’re lying on. Sand is actually made from rock particles that have been broken down over time by natural processes. However, on some unique beaches, like those found in Hawaii, the sand has a significant component of coral and shell fragments, giving it a distinctive white color. Beaches not only provide relaxation but also play a crucial role in supporting marine life and protecting coastal areas from erosion.Questions:1、What do millions of people go to the beaches for annually?2、What makes the sand on Hawaiian beaches distinctive?3、Besides providing relaxation, what other important role do beaches serve?Answers:1、Vacations.2、The presence of coral and shell fragments.3、Supporting marine life and protecting coastal areas from erosion.第三题PassageThe rise of e-commerce has revolutionized the way we shop. With just a few clicks, customers can purchase products from all over the world and have them delivered to their doorstep. However, this convenience has also brought about some challenges, particularly in terms of logistics and environmental impact.One of the biggest concerns is the environmental impact of packaging. Traditional packaging materials, such as plastic bags and boxes, are not biodegradable and often end up in landfills, contributing to pollution.E-commerce companies have started to address this issue by offering packaging-free options and promoting the use of sustainable materials.Another challenge is the issue of returns. With the ease of online shopping, customers often order more items than they need, leading to a high rate of returns. This not only increases the carbon footprint of shipping but also creates additional waste. Some companies have introduced policies to encourage customers to return fewer items, such as offering incentives for reuse or donation.Despite these challenges, the e-commerce industry is not standing still. There are innovative solutions being developed to make the process more sustainable. For example, some companies are experimenting with drone delivery to reduce the number of vehicles on the road. Others are investing in energy-efficient data centers to power their operations.1、What is one of the main concerns related to e-commerce packaging?A)The high cost of shipping materials.B)The environmental impact of non-biodegradable materials.C)The difficulty in recycling packaging materials.2、How does the high rate of returns affect e-commerce?A)It increases the demand for new packaging materials.B)It leads to a decrease in the cost of shipping.C)It creates additional waste and increases the carbon footprint.3、What is an innovative solution being developed to make e-commerce more sustainable?A)The use of reusable packaging.B)The implementation of strict return policies.C)The introduction of drone delivery.Answers:1、B2、C3、A五、阅读理解-词汇理解（填空题，共5分）First QuestionPassage:In today’s fast-paced world, conservation has become a major concern for environmentalists and policymakers alike. Preserving natural resources is not just about protecting the environment; it also plays a critical role in ensuring sustainable development and improving the quality of life for future generations. Innovative methods are being explored to achieve this goal, including the use of renewable energy sources and promoting eco-friendly practices in industries.Questions:1、The word “conservation” in the passage most likely means:A) The act of using something economically or sparingly.B) The protection of natural resources from being wasted.C) The process of changing something fundamentally.D) The act of restoring something to its original state.Answer: B) The protection of natural resources from being wasted.2、The word “innovative” in the passage is closest in meaning to:A) Outdated.B) Traditional.C) Creative.D) Unchanged.Answer: C) Creative.3、Based on the context, t he term “eco-friendly” would be best described as:A) Practices that are harmful to the environment.B) Practices that are beneficial to the environment.C) Practices that have no impact on the environment.D) Practices that focus solely on economic growth.Answer: B) Practices that are beneficial to the environment.4、The phrase “sustainable development” in the text refers to:A) Development that uses up all available resources quickly.B) Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.C) Development that focuses only on immediate economic gains.D) Development that disregards environmental concerns.Answer: B) Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.5、When the passage mentions “quality of life,” it implies:A) A decrease in living standards over time.B) An improvement in the overall conditions under which people live and work.C) The absence of any efforts to improve living conditions.D) The focus on increasing industrial activities regardless of their impact.Answer: B) An improvement in the overall conditions under which people live and work.This format closely follows the structure you might find in an actual CET Band 4 exam, with a passage followed by vocabulary questions that test understanding of context and word meanings.第二题Reading PassagesIn today’s fast-paced world, staying informed about current events is more important than ever. One of the best ways to keep up with the news is to read newspapers. However, not all newspapers are created equal. Here is an overview of some of the most popular newspapers in the world.1.The New York Times (USA): Established in 1851, The New York Times is one of the most prestigious and influential newspapers in the world. It covers a wide range of topics, including national and international news, politics, business, science, technology, and culture.2.The Guardian (UK): The Guardian is a British newspaper that has been in circulation since 1821. It is known for its liberal bias and its commitment to investigative journalism. The Guardian covers a variety of issues, including politics, the environment, and social justice.3.Le Monde (France): Le Monde is a French newspaper that was founded in 1944. It is one of the most widely read newspapers in France and is known for its in-depth reporting and analysis of global events.4.The Times (UK): The Times is another British newspaper that has been in circulation since 1785. It is a conservative newspaper that focuses on politics, business, and finance.5.El País (Spain): El País is a Spanish newspaper that was founde d in 1976. It is one of the most popular newspapers in Spain and is known for its comprehensive coverage of national and international news.Vocabulary UnderstandingChoose the best word or phrase to complete each sentence. Write your answers in the spaces provided.1、The____________of The New York Times is that it is one of the most prestigious and influential newspapers in the world.a.reputationb.historyc.popularityd.bias2、The Guardian is known for its____________bias and its commitment to investigative journalism.a.liberalb.conservativec.moderated.biased3、Le Monde is one of the most widely read newspapers in France and is known forits____________reporting and analysis.a.shallowb.superficialc.in-depthd.brief4、The Times is a conservative newspaper that focuses on____________issues.a.socialb.economicc.politicald.cultural5、El País is one of the most popular newspapers in Spain and is known for its comprehensive____________of national and international news.a.reportingb.analysisc.coveraged.editorialAnswers:1、a. reputation2、a. liberal3、c. in-depth4、c. political5、c. coverage六、阅读理解-长篇阅读（选择题，共10分）第一题Reading Passage OneIn recent years, with the rapid development of the internet and mobile technology, online learning has become increasingly popular among students. Online courses, such as those offered by MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses), provide students with convenient access to high-quality educational resources from around the world. However, despite the benefits of online learning, there are also some challenges and considerations that need to be addressed.1.The following passage is about:A. The advantages and disadvantages of online learningB. The impact of online learning on traditional educationC. The history of MOOCs and their role in educationD. The challenges faced by students in online learning2.According to the passage, what is one of the main benefits of online learning?A. It allows students to study at their own paceB. It provides access to a wider range of educational resourcesC. It increases the interaction between students and teachersD. It reduces the cost of education3.The passage mentions that online learning has become increasingly popular due to:A. The advancements in internet technologyB. The decline of traditional education systemsC. The desire for flexible learning schedulesD. All of the above4.What is one of the challenges mentioned in the passage that online learners may face?A. Limited access to technological devicesB. Difficulty in maintaining self-disciplineC. Lack of face-to-face interaction with teachersD. All of the above5.The passage suggests that in order to succeed in online learning, students should:A. Attend online classes regularlyB. Engage in active discussions with peersC. Set clear goals and deadlines for their studiesD. All of the above答案：1.A2.B3.D4.D5.D第二题Reading Passage OneThe rise of the Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate and accessinformation. One of the most significant impacts has been the transformation of education, with online learning becoming increasingly popular. This passage explores the benefits and challenges of online learning.The Benefits of Online Learning1.Flexibility: Online learning offers students the flexibility to study at their own pace and on their own schedule. This is particularly beneficial for working professionals and those with other commitments.2.Access to a Wide Range of Resources: Online courses often provide access to a wealth of resources, including textbooks, videos, and interactive materials that can enhance the learning experience.3.Diverse Learning Opportunities: Online learning platforms offer a wide variety of courses, ranging from traditional academic subjects to specialized and niche areas of study.4.Cost-Effective: Online courses can be more affordable than traditional classroom-based programs, especially for those who live far from educational institutions.The Challenges of Online Learning1.Self-Discipline: Online learning requires a high level of self-discipline and motivation, as students must manage their time and stay focused without the structure of a traditional classroom.2.Limited Interaction: Online courses often lack the face-to-face interaction that is common in traditional classrooms, which can impact the learning experience and social development of students.3.Technical Issues: Online learning relies heavily on technology, which can lead to technical issues that disrupt the learning process.4.Quality Assurance: With the proliferation of online courses, ensuring the quality and integrity of these courses can be a challenge.Questions:1、What is one of the main advantages of online learning mentioned in the passage?A. It is more expensive than traditional education.B. It requires students to be self-disciplined.C. It provides flexibility in studying.D. It lacks face-to-face interaction.2、According to the passage, what can online learning platforms offer that traditional classrooms might not?A. Limited access to textbooks.B. Fewer specialized courses.C. More interactive learning materials.D. No video resources.3、Which of the following is a challenge that online learning may present?A. Students can easily attend classes at a local university.B. There are no technical issues with online learning.C. It is difficult to ensure the quality of online courses.D. Online learning is always more affordable than traditional education.4、The passage suggests that online learning can be beneficial for:A. Students who prefer face-to-face interaction.B. Individuals with other commitments.C. Those who want to avoid textbooks.D. People who have no access to technology.5、What is one potential drawback of online learning that the passage discusses?A. The ability to study at any time.B. The use of a wide range of resources.C. The possibility of technical disruptions.D. The convenience of studying from home.Answers:1、C2、C3、C4、B5、C七、阅读理解-仔细阅读（选择题，共20分）第一题Reading PassagesIn the following passage, there are some blanks. For each blank there arefour choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage.The digital revolution is changing the way we live, work, and communicate. One of the most significant changes is the rise of artificial intelligence (AI). AI refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, and decision-making.The potential of AI is enormous. It has the potential to transform industries, improve efficiency, and make our lives more convenient. However, with great power comes great responsibility. The ethical implications of AI are complex and multifaceted.1、The passage is mainly aboutA. the benefits of the digital revolutionB. the rise of artificial intelligenceC. the challenges of the digital revolutionD. the ethical implications of AI2、What is the main concern regarding AI mentioned in the passage?A. Its potential to disrupt traditional industriesB. Its potential to replace human jobsC. Its potential to be used for unethical purposesD. Its potential to cause social inequalities3、The author suggests that AI has the potential to。
乔布斯演讲求知若饥,虚心若愚读后感英语
《乔布斯演讲求知若饥虚心若愚》英语读后感1After reading Steve Jobs' speech about "Stay hungry, stay foolish", I was deeply inspired. In his speech, Jobs shared his life experiences and his philosophy towards life and innovation.The phrase "Stay hungry, stay foolish" is like a guiding star. Being "hungry" for knowledge means having an insatiable appetite for learning new things. It is this thirst for knowledge that drives us to constantly explore the unknown. For example, when I was learning programming, I was so eager to master different programming languages. I spent countless hours reading books, watching tutorials, and doing practice projects just because I had this strong hunger for programming knowledge. And being "foolish" means to be humble. A humble person is always open - minded and willing to accept new ideas. I have a friend who is not very smart in the traditional sense, but he is always ready to listen to others' suggestions. He keeps learning from his mistakes and others' experiences, and as a result, he has made great progress in his career.In conclusion, from Jobs' speech, I've learned that we should always keep our enthusiasm for knowledge and maintain a humble attitude. Only in this way can we keep growing and innovating in this ever - changing world.中文翻译：读完史蒂夫·乔布斯关于“求知若饥，虚心若愚”的演讲后，我深受启发。
老年慢性病患者延续性护理的研究进展
2024 年第 10 卷第 1 期Vol.10， No.1， 2024中西医结合护理Chinese Journal of Integrative Nursinghttp ：/ / OPEN ACCESS 老年慢性病患者延续性护理的研究进展毕晓露， 邓颖（北京医院 神经外科， 北京， 100730）摘要： 延续性护理服务对改善老年慢性病患者病情、提高生活质量具有重要的作用。
本文就当前国内关于老年慢性病延续护理的相关护理模式、护理质量评估及局限性进行综述，以期为新形势下制定我国老年慢病患者延续护理服务提供参考。
关键词： 老年患者； 慢性病； 延续性护理； 健康宣教； 互联网； 随访中图分类号： R 473.5 文献标志码： A 文章编号： 2709-1961（2024）01-0223-04Research progress of extended care in elderlypatients with chronic diseasesBI Xiaolu ，DENG Ying（Department of Neurosurgery ， Beijing Hospital ， Beijing ， 100730）ABSTRACT ： The extended care service plays an important role in improving the condition andquality of life of elderly patients with chronic diseases. This paper introduced the concept of ex⁃tended care ， and summarized the ways of extended care service for elderly patients with chronic diseases in China. This paper also concluded the nursing quality assessment and limits in research of extended care for chronic diseases in the elderly ， and provided reference for the future research direction and establishment of extended care program for elderly patients with chronic diseases in China.KEY WORDS ： elderly patients ； chronic disease ； extended care ； health education ； internet ； follow-up随着社会经济的发展，我国人口老年化趋势不断加重，全国第七次人口普查显示，60岁及以上的人数为2.64亿，占我国总人数的18.7%［1］，其中当前至少患有1种慢性病的老年人占比为75%［2］。
感知服务质量英语作文
感知服务质量英语作文英文回答：Perceived service quality (PSQ) is the consumer's subjective evaluation of the superiority or inferiority of a service in relation to their expectations. It is a multidimensional concept that encompasses various aspects of a service experience, such as:Reliability: Consistency and dependability of service delivery.Responsiveness: Willingness and ability to help customers in a timely manner.Assurance: Knowledge, courtesy, and credibility of service providers.Empathy: Understanding and caring for the individual needs of customers.Tangibles: Physical evidence of the service, such as the appearance of the service provider and the facilities used.PSQ is a critical factor in determining customer satisfaction, loyalty, and repurchase intentions. It is influenced by various factors, including:Expectations: Consumers' prior beliefs and experiences with the service.Performance: The actual service delivered compared to expectations.Comparison to alternatives: Consumers' perceptions of other available options.Personality and socio-cultural factors: Individual characteristics and societal norms.Measuring PSQ is essential for organizations tounderstand customer perceptions and improve service delivery. Common methods include:Customer surveys: Collecting feedback through questionnaires or interviews.Mystery shopping: Sending undercover shoppers to evaluate service experiences.Service audits: Assessing service quality internally using standardized criteria.Organizations can improve PSQ by focusing on:Setting realistic expectations: Managing customer expectations through clear communication and realistic promises.Meeting and exceeding performance standards: Delivering high-quality service consistently and efficiently.Providing personalized experiences: Tailoring services to meet individual customer needs and preferences.Empowering employees: Giving employees the authority and resources to resolve customer issues effectively.Investing in training and development: Enhancing the skills and knowledge of service providers.By understanding and improving PSQ, organizations can enhance customer satisfaction, strengthen brand loyalty, and gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace.中文回答：感知服务质量。
运营岗位英语试题及答案
运营岗位英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What does the term "ROI" stand for in business?A. Return on InvestmentB. Revenue of InvestmentC. Risk of InvestmentD. Rule of Investment答案：A2. Which of the following is NOT a key performance indicator (KPI) for an operation manager?A. Customer satisfactionB. Revenue growthC. Employee turnover rateD. Personal hobbies答案：D3. The process of identifying and resolving issues within an organization is known as:A. Problem-solvingB. Problem-findingC. Issue-ignoringD. Issue-avoidance答案：A4. In the context of operations, what is a SWOT analysis?A. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, ThreatsB. Systems, Workflows, Operations, TechnologyC. Sales, Web, Online, TechnologyD. Strategy, Workforce, Organization, Tactics答案：A5. Which of the following is an example of a strategic initiative?A. Daily office cleaningB. Implementing a new CRM systemC. Monthly team meetingsD. Weekly report filing答案：B二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）6. The acronym "CRM" stands for _______.答案：Customer Relationship Management7. A _______ is a person who oversees the day-to-day operations of a business.答案：Operations Manager8. The term "scalability" in business refers to the ability of a process, product, or service to handle _______.答案：Growth9. In project management, "MVP" usually stands for _______.答案：Minimum Viable Product10. The process of continuously improving an organization's products, services, or processes is known as _______.答案：Kaizen三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）11. Define the term "operational efficiency" and explain its importance in a business context.答案：Operational efficiency refers to the optimal use of resources to produce the desired output with the least amount of waste. It is crucial in a business context as it can leadto cost savings, increased productivity, and improvedcustomer satisfaction.12. What are the main components of a balanced scorecard, and how do they contribute to an organization's strategic goals?答案：A balanced scorecard typically consists of four components: financial performance, customer knowledge,internal business processes, and learning and growth. These components help align an organization's activities with its strategic goals by providing a comprehensive view of performance across various dimensions.13. Describe the role of a project manager in the context of operations.答案：A project manager in the context of operations is responsible for planning, executing, and closing projects. They ensure that projects are completed on time, within scope,and budget, while also managing resources, risks, and stakeholders.14. Explain the concept of "just-in-time" (JIT) inventory management and its benefits.答案：Just-in-time (JIT) inventory management is a strategy that aims to minimize inventory levels by scheduling the arrival of materials and products to coincide with their use in production. The benefits of JIT include reduced inventory carrying costs, improved cash flow, and increased flexibility in responding to market changes.四、案例分析题（每题15分，共30分）15. A company is considering implementing a new supply chain management system. Discuss the potential benefits and challenges of such an initiative.答案：[考生需根据案例具体情况，分析新供应链管理系统可能带来的效率提升、成本节约、风险降低等潜在好处，以及可能遇到的技术整合、员工培训、文化适应等挑战。
服务 英文
服务英文The Importance of Service: Enhancing Customer ExperienceIntroductionIn today's fiercely competitive business landscape, providing exceptional service is the key to establishing a loyal customer base and gaining a market edge. Service excellence plays an integral role in a company's success by not only attracting new customers but also ensuring their long-term satisfaction and loyalty. This document aims to explore the significance of service in various industries and offer strategies for businesses to enhance their customer experience.Understanding ServiceService is the provision of assistance or support to customers before, during, and after purchasing a product or service. It encompasses all interactions between a customer and an organization, including communication, problem-solving, and relationship-building. Service quality plays a vital role in shaping customers' perceptions of a company and determines their likelihood of becoming repeat customers.Building Customer RelationsOne of the primary objectives of service is to establish strong customer relations. Positive customer experiences not only create a sense of trust and loyalty but also lead to positive word-of-mouth recommendations, which can significantly impact a company's reputation and growth. Businesses should focus on building personalized relationships with customers and treating them as valued individuals rather than faceless transactions.Effective CommunicationClear and effective communication is the cornerstone of exceptional service. Businesses should invest in training their service staff to communicate effectively, understand customer needs, and provide appropriate solutions. Timely and responsive communication through various channels such as phone, email, and social media platforms is essential for addressing customer queries, concerns, and complaints promptly.Service RecoveryDespite a company's best efforts, service failures can occur. However, what sets successful companies apart is their ability to recover effectively from these failures. Service recovery involves acknowledging the mistake, expressing genuine apologies, and providing immediate solutions to rectify the situation. Companies that prioritize service recovery can turn dissatisfied customers into loyal advocates by exceeding their expectations and demonstrating a commitment to their satisfaction.Continuous ImprovementTo stay ahead in a competitive market, businesses must continually improve their service offerings. Regular customer feedback and monitoring customer satisfaction metrics can help identify areas for improvement. Companies should invest in training programs, technology upgrades, and process enhancements to provide superior service consistently. Continuous improvement ensures that a company remains responsive to evolving customer needs and preferences.Service DifferentiationIn industries with multiple competitors offering similar products or services, exceptional service can be a key differentiator. Businesses that go the extra mile in ensuring customer satisfaction will stand out from the competition and generate customer loyalty. Offering personalized services, anticipating customer needs, and providing seamless experiences across various touchpoints is crucial for service differentiation.Impact of Service on Customer LoyaltyService excellence has a direct impact on customer loyalty. Loyal customers not only continue to purchase from a company but also serve as brand advocates, referring new customers and positively influencing others' purchasing decisions. Satisfied customers are more likely to repurchase, spend more, and forgive occasional service failures. Therefore, investing in service quality can yield substantial long-term benefits for businesses.ConclusionIn conclusion, service plays a critical role in today's business environment. It is a powerful tool for attracting and retaining customers, building relationships, and differentiating fromcompetitors. By prioritizing service excellence, companies can enhance their customer experience, encourage customer loyalty, and drive sustainable growth. To excel in service, businesses must strive for continuous improvement, effective communication, robust service recovery, and a customer-centric approach. Providing exceptional service should be a core value for every organization seeking long-term success in today's dynamic, customer-driven marketplace.。
服务理念 英语
服务理念英语In the realm of service, the philosophy that underpins all operations can often be the defining factor between a good company and a great one. This philosophy, or service ethos, is not merely a set of guidelines; it is the heartbeat of the organization, influencing every interaction with customers and shaping the overall experience.At the core of an effective service philosophy is the understanding that each customer interaction is an opportunity to build a relationship, not just a transaction. It's about creating a memorable experience that customers will want to return to and share with others. This is achieved not through grand gestures, but through consistent, genuine, and personalized attention to detail.The foundation of this approach is empathy. Empathy allows service providers to see the world from the customer's perspective, to understand their needs and emotions, and to respond in a way that is both helpful and caring. It's about listening actively, asking the right questions, and being present in the moment. When service is delivered with empathy, customers feel valued and understood.Another pillar of a strong service philosophy is reliability. Customers need to trust that they will receive the promised service at the promised time and quality. This trust is built over time through consistent performance and by being honest and transparent, especially when things don't go as planned. Reliability also means being adaptable, ready to meet the changing needs and expectations of customers.Excellence in service is also marked by proactivity. It's not enough to respond to customer needs; exceptional service anticipates those needs before they are even expressed. This requires a deep understanding of the customer base and the foresight to prepare solutions in advance. Proactivity also involves seeking feedback and using it to improve service continuously.Moreover, a service philosophy should be infused with innovation. In a rapidly changing world, staying ahead means being open to new ideas and approaches. It's aboutleveraging technology to enhance the service experience, streamlining processes, and finding creative ways to solve problems. Innovation in service is not just about what is offered, but how it is offered.Finally, integrity is the cornerstone of any service philosophy. It's about doing the right thing, even when no one is watching. Integrity in service means being fair, ethical, and responsible. It's about honoring commitments, respecting privacy, and maintaining high moral standards. When customers see integrity in action, they develop a deep sense of trust in the service provider.In conclusion, a service philosophy is a comprehensive approach that touches every aspect of an organization. It's about empathy, reliability, proactivity, innovation, and integrity. These principles guide the actions of every team member, ensuring that the service provided is not just satisfactory, but exceptional. It's this philosophy that turns first-time customers into lifelong advocates and is the essence of true service excellence.。
Business Process Management over ERP
Business Process Management (BPM)
How to get beyond ERP and move into the 21st Century
Kewal Dhariwal, PhD, CCP, I.S.P. Manager, ICCP & Supply Chain Research Athabasca University
Some leading-edge companies are tackling enterprise-wide processes (more the exception than the rule). 1200 companies surveyed – 18% currently employing enterprise wide BPM 50% of surveyed group are focusing on departmental process problems BPM rapid growth attributable to bringing business strategists and technologists together to solve process problems
Business –Technology Divide
Business processes are managed by business people. Information moves between software packages with requires a service oriented architecture (SOA) often driven or governed by IT.