英语短文填空题技巧

一、已给单词提示题型的技巧

此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。

技巧一

名词形式变化

名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。

例：There are many students living at school，the(child)houses are all far from schoo1．

由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格children’s。

技巧二

动词形式变化

动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。

例：A talk(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.

句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。技巧三

代词形式变化

代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。

例：The king decided to see the painter by(he).

由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。

技巧四

形容词、副词比较级变化

英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和．est，或在词前more ／less和most／least，且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。

例：I am——(tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．

此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。

技巧五

数词形式变化

数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one／two的特殊变化形式once ／twice

例：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses．My eldest son shall take a half，my second son shall take a (three).

从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。

技巧六

词的派生

词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。

例：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，SO he was very____(happiness)．

在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。

二、未给单词提示题型的技巧

此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。

技巧七

固定短语结构

根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。

例1：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy. 从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enj0y oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。

例2：His boss was____angry as to fire him．

如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to...，所以，so是正解。

技巧八

从句引导词

从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。例1：He did not done_____his father had askedhim to do．

审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。

例2：Those_____want to go to the village mustsign here．

经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定语从句中做主语。

技巧九

短语动词结构

短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。

例1：The us consists____fifty states．

根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由......组成”，所以答案是of。

例2：Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for

Leave to take_____of her．

生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。

技巧十

短语介词结构

短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。例1：Mr Smith took a plane to London____of taking a train.

此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。

例2：Just then，he saw a blackboard in_____of him.

细心观察，可以看出填人fr0nt即可构成in front of，此题得解。

技巧十一

连词、关联短语结构

常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both…and...，eit her…or...，neither…nor...，not only…but also...等。

例1：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_____his family was too poor．此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。

例2：____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre．

横线处的词与后面可以构成both and，故答案为Both。

技巧十二

冠词、介词和常用的副词

冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during 等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等。

例1：Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed．这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。

例2：Old Tom’s granddaughter used to visit him_____Sa turday afternoon．Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。例3：Though Liu Qiang did the same work____Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay______ZhangWen.

第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than。

例4：It was only one day left，_____，his father had no idea to answer him．观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。

技巧十三

上下文中出现的相关词

这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。

答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。

例：Tony____travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV．

由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。

上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，能够较大地提高同学们在此题型上的得分率。

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