2019年中考英语语法一本通(绝对精品)

2019年中考英语语法

一本通

(名师详细讲解语法+配套实战练习，零基础也可以学好英

语，建议下载保存)

(绝对精品文档，价值很高，值得下载打印收藏)

(每天背诵提高英语语感。零基础学英语，每天进

步一点点！)

很多同学看了很多语法书, 可是觉得自己做题的时候, 对语法掌握得还不是很好. 当然原因很多.其一就是很多同学在研究语法(这是语法学家做的事情), 比如哪些词可以做主语, 背得很熟, 可是做题时却用不上. 其二就是基本的语法规则没有掌握。我们现在分别讲解一下。

一、句子成分

（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要

成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，也就是动作的发出者，一般位于句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当. 例如：

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）

We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）

To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）

The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）

It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）

（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当. 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用b e 动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 谓语的构成如下：

1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.

2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.

（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如b e, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法: 表语使用形容词,不用副词! 例如：

Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词）

The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词）

Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）

His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）

Time is up. The class is over.（副词）注意: 副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词! 我们所复习的语法直接针对中考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住.

The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）

（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）

The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词）

How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）

They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）

He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）

I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）

I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）

宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.

（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如 make 等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法: 宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如：

His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词）

Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）

We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）

We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）

（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一句话语法:定语使用形容词定语可由以

下等成分表示：

Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）

The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）

（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子(这个就叫状语,一句话语法: 状语用副词,不用形容词)，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：

Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）

He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）

He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词）

Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）

状语种类如下：

How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的呢? 对喽,就是原因

状语)

Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）

I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）

She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）

She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）

In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）

He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）

She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语）

练习：用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：

I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.

二、简单句并列句和复合句

（一）句子种类两种分类法

1、按句子的用途可分四种：

1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She did n’t hear of you before.

特点: 用句号结束一个句子

2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?

疑问句就是问句

3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class

祈使句: 表示命令或者请求. 和有没有主语没有关系

4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!

还有一个结构是用 what. how 后面加上的是形容词副词.what 后面加上的是名词.

2、按句子的结构可分三种：

1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。

e.g. He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or 等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同.

e.g. You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语

从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。

有主句和从句构成,在一个句子前面加上连词(当然不是and,but,or 了),这个句子就是从句了.

e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

（二）简单句的五种基本句型

1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.

2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.

3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.

4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）： e.g. My father bought me a car.

5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.

注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。

这是非常重要的,不需要理解,背下来吧

（三）并列句的分类

1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用a nd, not only…but also…,neither…nor…, then 等连接。

e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.

2、表示选择，常用的连词有o r, either…or…, otherwise 等。e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.

3、表示转折，常用的连词有b ut, still, however, yet, while, when 等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.

4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有s o, for, therefore 等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.这里大家记住这些连词就够用了.如果一下子记不住这么多,就记一个两个,记住有的时候不要和自己较

劲

（四）中考考点探讨

1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。

2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是中考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。

3、中考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。

4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在中考中经常考查。

如：We will go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow。

学法指津：句子分析是学好语法的最基础的东西，希望大家要注意。句子分析首先要知道怎么判断一

个句子是单句还是复句，判断的标准是1、要看句子中有无连词。2、要看句子中有几个谓语动词。缺一不可！大家判断一下下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。

I hope you are very well（）. I'm fine, but tired（）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（）. August is the hottest month here（）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark（. ）Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractor（s）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（）. But he employs more men for the harvest（）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（）. Every evening we pump water from a well（）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（）.

Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（）. These parties often make us very happy（）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（）. It's great（）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（）. Some of my friends drink beer（）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（）. There are five different time areas in the States（）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（）. How many different time areas do you have in China（）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（）. Please give my best regards to your parents （）.

动词的时态和语态是中考的重点和难点。动词为什么有时态呢？这涉及到一个动作所做的时间和进

行的程度问题。这样综合起来就成了时态，所谓的时态就是时间加状态。所以在做关于动词时态的问题

时，同学们要分为两步走，第一步确定动作进行的时间，第二步确定动作所处的状态。关于动作的

时间可以根据语境推理。（比如说句中出现的另外一个动词用了过去时，那你就应该首先想到用动词过

去的某种形式），至于状态这个大家要好好体会了。

学法指津：现在重点考察时态的情景运用，不象80、90 年代考的是死语法

在这里我介绍大家一种比较好的时态的解题方法：参考时态法解决动词的问题应从三个

方面着手：首先考虑动作的时间，再考虑状态，最后还有语气！

下面我就来详细说明一下

1. 一般现在时

基本概念: 指经常性的行为或强调东西的特性，而忽略时间概念。

【特殊用法】

①主句为一般将来时，状语从句要用一般现在时（如强调动作的结果，可用现在完成时）。

例句1I’ll tell him when he comes back.

2We’ll go out if we are free tomorrow.

3Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.

4.Please tell me as soon as you have finished it.

(注意：主句是祈使句时，动作还没有发生，因此看成一般将来时。)

②表示主语现在的特征或性格等。

例如：The bottle holds a quarter of a pound of ink.

All over the world men and women, boys and girls, enjoy sports.

③表示客观事实或普遍真理。

例如：Light travels faster than sound.

In time of danger man’s mind works fast.

④表示按规定预计要发生的动作（常只限于动词：go, come, leave, start, begin, return 等）。例如：School begins on February 5.

The plane takes off at 15:00.例句1

--- You’re drinking too much.

--- Only at home. No one _ me but you.

A.is seeing

B. has seen

C. sees

D. saw

正确选项为C, 说话人此时指目前一个经常性的行为。

例句2I bought a radio here yesterday, but it _ _ work.

A. didn’t

B. doesn’t

C. won’t

D. can’t

正确选项为B, 说话人此时强调的不是动作发生的时间，而是东西的性质，即收音机的质量不好。

2. 一般将来时

基本形式: A. will (shall) do B. be going to do 两种形式有时可以互换，但：

A 更强调纯粹的将来（有时也表意愿）；

例如：①--- You’ve left the light on.

--- Oh, so I have. I’ll go and turn it off.

②Tomorrow will be Tom’s birthday.

③He will help you.

B 更强调计划安排(有时表示，根据现有迹象表明将来会发生的动作或存在的状态)。

①Are you going to visit the Science Museum this afternoon?

②The moon is going to rise in a minute.

③He is going to be fat.

【其它可表将来时的形式】

1) 位移动词( come; go; leave; arrive, …)的进行时--- 表计划或安排

* He’s arriving tomorrow.2) be

to do --- 表计划或安排

*We are to meet at the station at six tonight.

3) be about to do … --- “…马上就要…”

*The train is about to leave.

be about to do …when… --- “正要…突然…”

*He was about to leave when the telephone rang. (此句为过去将来时。)

3. 一般过去时和现在完成时

以上两种时态是时态部分难点，首先，为什么要将这两种时态放在一起讨论？例

句：1. Who put forward the suggestion? 2. When did he leave?

3.She often came to help us. （他过去常来帮我们。）

4.I didn’t know you were so busy. （我没想到你这么忙。）以上各句中用的都是一般

过去时，显然，说话的人是强调过去某时发生的动作或情况。

5.How many pages have you covered today?

6. I haven’t seen him for many days.

7. I’ve always walked to work. 8. The students have already left.

9. The city has taken on a new look. 10. Thank you. I’ve had my supper.以上各句

用的都是现在完成时，可以看出，与一般过去时一样，现在完成时所表示的动作也是

发生在过去（说话以前），但它强调的是：

1）动作从过去持续到说话这一时刻（例5---7）

2）过去的动作对现状有某种影响（例8---10），说话人强调的是现在如何

注意：在现在完成时的第一种用法中，时间状语常用f or…;s ince…短语（从句）如：

We haven’t seen each other for many years./ since he left 10 years ago.此时（主句）谓语动词

不能用非延续性动词。如：

*He has left home for many years.（错误）

*He has been away from home for many years. (正确)

*He has died since 1990. （错误） * He has been dead since 1990.(正确)

4. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时

I’ve been sitting here all afternoon.现在完成进行时强调动作从过去持续到现在,而且目前还在进行。这里需要注意两点：

1）有少数动词（如：work, study, live, teach 等）用现在完成时和现在完成进行时的意思是

无大的区别的，如：

*They have lived / have been living here all their lives.

*She has worked / has been working here for eight years.在强调动

作延续时间的长久时，用现在完成进行时更多些, 如：

2）大多数动词现在完成时强调动作的结果；现在完成进行时强调动作的延续，*I’ve been writing an article. (还在写) * I’ve written an article. (已完成)练习：

1.--- Hi, Tracy, you look tired. “

--- I am tired. I _ __ the living room all day.

A.painted

B. had painted

C. have been painting

D. have painted

2.--- Have you had any letters from him?

--- No, I haven’t, but my wife _ him regularly .

A.has heard from

B. has been hearing from

C. had heard from

D. hears

Key: 1. C (强调动作从过去到现在的延续，而非动作的结果)

2. B ( 非强调结果，A 错；不是指目前一般的情况，D 错；是指从过去延续到现在的情况，故B对。)

5. 现在进行时和过去进行时

基本概念: 指目前(一点或一段时间) / 过去(一点或一段时间)正在发生的动作.例句

1.I don’t really work here. I until the new secretary _ .

A.just help out; comes

B. have just helped out; will come

C. am just helping out; comes

D. will just help out; has come

(正确选项 C, 指目前一段时间正在发生的动作, until 引导的是时间状语从句,动词需用一般现在时.)

2.--- When shall we leave? --- As soon as I __ what I _ .

A.will finish; do

B. have finished, am doing

C. finish, will do

D. finish, do

(正确选项 B, as soon as 从句前省略了主句, 时间状语从句中动词强调将来的结果用现在完成时; what I am dong 指目前正在做的事.)

3.At that time he _ in the library.

A.worked

B. had worked

C. was working

D. would work

(正确选项C, was working 指 at that time 正在发生的行为.)

4.The students __ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she_ _in the office.

A.were working; had left

B. worked; left

C. had worked; left

D. were working; would leave

(正确选项A, 句中went 是说话人给定的时间, work 和leave 发生的时间都要看它们与went 的时间关系, work 与 went 动作同时发生, 强调正在做,用过去进行时; leave 在 went 之前发生, 应用过去完成时.)

5.--- Hey, look where you are going!

--- Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _ __.

A.I’m not noticing.

B. I wasn’t noticing.

C. I haven’t noticed.

D. I don’t notice.

E. I didn’t notice.

F. I won’t notice.(正

确选项B, 对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情.)

6. 一般过去时和过去进行时

比较下列句子：

*I wrote a letter yesterday. （信写完了）

*I was writing a letter yesterday. （一直在写信，但不一定写完了）

*I was writing a letter when he came in. (他进来时，我正在写)从以上例句可以看出，一般过去时常常用来表示过去的一个有结果的动作，而过去进行时1）

强调动作在某一时刻正在发生 2）动作在过去一段时间内一直在发生，无论哪一种情况都不强调动

作的结果。再如：

*He _ _ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he __ it.

A. wrote; has finished

B. was writing; has finished

C.was writing; had finished

D. wrote; will finish

正确选项为B. 从I don’t know if he has finished it. 推断，他去年正在写。

*Tom ___ _ into the house when no one _ _ _.

A.slipped; was noticing

B. had slipped; noticed

C. slipped; had noticed

D. was slipping; noticed

正确选项为A. s lip 和n otice 为同时发生的动作，因此B、C 为错误选项，slipped 指过去有结果的动作（他溜进去了），when no one was noticing 指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况（没有人注意）。

*As she _ _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep.

A. read; was falling

B. was reading; fell

C. was reading; was falling

D. read; fell正

确选项为B(道理同上)。

*The last time I _ _ _ Jane she _ _ cotton in the fields.

A. had seen; was picking

B. saw; picked

C. had seen; picked

D. saw; was picking正

确选项为D(道理同上)。

7. 过去完成时

基本概念:

A)表过去某一时间以前有结果的行为 * She said she had seen the film.这里需要

注意的是，had seen 一定是发生在s aid 之前的行为，而不是之后。

再如：

*The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital.

A.died

B. would die

C. had died

D. has died

正确选项为A, 因为d ied 是发生在h ad b een s ent t o h ospital 之后而不是之前的行为；died 是站在现在时间角度看过去，是强调过去发生了的事情，而不是强调现在如何，因此 D 错，B 错（过去将来时是站在过去的时间角度看过去的将来）。

*Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon to his old ways.

A.returned

B. returns

C. was returning

D. had returned

正确选项为A(道理同上)。

B)表延续到过去某一时间的行为* She said she had been a doctor for 20 years.C) 表过去

某一时间以前未曾实现的愿望或打算

*I _ my son _ a doctor, but he wasn’t good enough at science.

A.hoped; would become

B. had hoped; would become

C. had hoped; will become

D. hope; will become正

确选项为B。

*I _ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.

A. hope

B. have hoped

C. had hoped

D. hoped

正确选项为C。

8. 过去将来时

基本概念: 表过去某一时间之后将要发生的行为（过去的将来）。

*We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon.

A. leaves

B. would leave

C. left

D. had left

正确选项为B。

*She said she _ (leave) the next morning.

答案可以是：A. would leave B. was leaving C. was going to leave

由此可以看出, 我们在一般将来时中讨论的将来时的多种形式均可灵活地运用于过去将来时中。

9. 将来完成时

基本概念: 在讨论了现在完成时和过去完成时之后，我们应该认识到：完成时的概念其实就是两条 1）表结果2）表延续，站在现在时间角度看，就是现在完成时；时间移到过去就是过去完成是；时间移至将来就是将来完成时，因此，将来完成时

A) 表到将来某一时间前要完成的行为

*By the end of 2000 they will have built the factory.

*We will have finished the work before she arrives tonight.B) 表延续到

将来某一时间的行为

*I will have been a teacher for 20 years by the end of next year.以上的基本概

念在解题时不需要生搬硬套，一定要灵活运用！

动词的时态和语态 --- 基本概念检测

1.They _____ friends since they met in Shanghai.

A.have made

B. have become

C. have been

D. have had

2.The secretary is going to report to the manager as soon as he ______.

A.will arrive

B. arrives

C. is going to arrive

D. is arriving

3.We all know that ice ____ .

A.feel cold

B. is felt sold

C. is feeling cold

D. feels cold

4.---This cloth _____ well and _____ long.

--- OK. I’ll take it.

A.washes ; lasts

B. is washed; lasted

C. washes, is lasted

D. is washing, lasting

5.---Is this raincoat yours?

--- No, mine ____ there behind the door.

A.is hanging

B. hangs

C. has been hanged

D. hung

6.Helen _____ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home.

A.has left; comes

B. left; had come

C. had left; came

D. had left; would come

7.It _____ every day so far this week.

A.is raining

B. rained

C. rains

D. has been raining

8.In ancient days （古代）the earth ______ to be flat.

A.is believed

B. was believed

C. has believed

D. believed

9.--- Are you going to the movies tonight?

--- Yes, I ______ my work by that time.

A.will finish

B. finish

C. am going to finish

D. will have finished

10.--- Was the driving pleasant when you vacationed in Mexico last summer?

--- No, it _____ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.

A.was raining

B. would be raining

C. had been raining

D. has rained

11.However much _____, it will be worth it

A.does the watch cost

B. costs the watch

C. the watch will cost

D. the watch costs

12.If the dog wins tomorrow, he _____ sixteen races in the past three years.

A.has won

B. will win

C. will have won

D. would have won

13.I decided to go to the library as soon as I ____ _.

A.finish what I did

B. finished what I did

C. would finish what I was doing

D. finished what I was doing

14.You won’t know if the coat fits you until you _____ it on.

A.will try

B. are trying

C. tried

D. have tried

15.My dictionary _____ , I have looked for it everywhere but still _____ .

A.has lost; don’t find

B. is missing; don’t find

C. has lost; haven’t found

D. is missing; haven’t found

_____ married?

16.--- How long ______ each other before they

--- For about a year.

A.have they known; get

B. did they know; were going to get

C. do they know; are going to get

D. had they known; got

17.--- Come in, Peter, I want to show you something.

--- Oh, how nice of you. I _____ you _____ to bring me a gift.

A.never think; are going

B. never thought; were going

C. didn’t think; are going

D. hadn’t thought; were going

18.When Jack arrived he learned Mary _______ for almost an hour.

A.had gone

B. had set off

C. had left

D. had been away

19 --- I’m sorry to keep you waiting.

--- Oh, not at all. I ____ here only a few minutes.

A. have been

B. had been

C. was

D. will

20.The police found that the house ____ _ and s lot of things ____ .

A.has broken into; has been stolen

B. had broken into; had been stolen

C. has been broken into; stolen

D. had been broken into; stolen

21.--- Have you moved into the house?

--- Not yet. The rooms ____ __.

A.are being painted

B. are painting

C. are painted

D. are being painting

22.If the city noises _____ from increasing, people ____ shout to be heard at the dinner table 20 years from now.

A.are not kept ; will have to

B. are not kept; have to

C. do not keep; will have to

D. do not keep, have to

23.--- _____ _ the sports meet might be put off.

--- Yes, it all depends on the weather.

A.I’ve been told

B. I’ve told

C. I’m told

D. I was told

24.You don’t need to describe her. I ___ __ her several times.

A.had met

B. have met

C. met

D. meet

25.I don’t think Jim saw me; he ______ into space.

A.just stared (凝视)

B. was just staring

C. has just stared

D. had just stared

26. --- _____ my glasses?

--- Yes, I _____ them on your bed a minute ago.

A. Do you see; saw

B. Had you seen; have seen

C. Have you seen; saw

D. Would you see; saw

27.--- We could have walked to the station; it was so near.

--- Yes. A taxi _____ at all necessary.

A.wasn’t

B. hadn’t been

C. wouldn’t be

D. won’t be

28.--- Who is Jerry Cooper?

---______? I saw you shake hands with him at the meeting.

A.Don’t you meet him yet

B. Hadn’t you met him yet

C. Didn’t you meet him yet

D. Haven’t you met him yet

29.--- Nancy is not coming tonight.

--- But she ____ _!

A.promises

B. promised

C. will promise

D. had promised

30. _____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.

A.When left

B. Leaving

C. If you leave

D. Leave

31.--- Can you attend the party tomorrow?

--- I think I can when my headache _____ _ thoroughly.(完全)

A.will disappear

B. is disappearing

C. disappears

D. is disappeared

32.It is clear that his poor education _____ him back.

A.has been held

B. is holding

C. will be held

D. had held

33.--- How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?

--- I ____ yet, but I ____ taking a train.

A.haven’t decided; am considering

B. haven’t decided, consider

C. didn’t decided; am considering

D. hadn’t decided; have considered

34.The pen I _____ I _ _ _ is on my desk, right under my nose.

A.think, lose

B. thought , had lost

C. think , had lost

D. thought, have lost

35.--- Have you heard about the new school?

--- No, when and where to build the new one _____ yet.

A.is not decided

B. are not decided

C. hasn’t decided

D. haven’t decided

36.--- Sorry, I’m late.

--- That’s OK. I ___long.

A.haven’t waited

B. don’t wait

C. haven’t been waiting

D. didn’t wait

37.--- Nancy sat in the front seat on the left side of the classroom.

--- Oh! I thought she ______ in the back.

A.will sit

B. had sat

C. is sitting

D. has sat

38.I must leave, too. I ____ _ having tea with you, Bill.

A.was enjoying

B. am enjoying

C. enjoyed

D. enjoy

39.I ____ my face when suddenly someone ____ at the door.

A.washed, knocked

B. washed, was knocking

C. was washing, was knocking

D. was washing, knocked

40.I ____ at the station half an hour ago, but the train _____ yet.

A.arrived, hadn’t come

B. was arriving, hadn’t come

C. arrived, hasn’t come

D. had arrived, didn’t come

41.--- Why did you come by taxi?

--- My car broke down last week and I still ____ _ it repaired.

A.haven’t had

B. didn’t have

C. don’t have

D. won’t have

42.I’m surprised to find you here looking well and playing tennis, Jim. Ann said that you _____ sick.

A.are

B. were

C. would be

D. had been

43.The price _____ __, but I doubt whether it will remain so.

A.went down

B. will go down

C. has gone done

D. was going down

44.--- Did you go to Qingdao for vacation last August?

--- I _____ to go, but I got sick at the last minute.

A.was planning

B. had been planning

C. planned

D. have planned

45.I met him at a party, but I haven’t seen him ______.

A.since

B. still

C. yet

D. then

46.All the preparations for the task ____ , and we’re ready to start.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/aa8939287.html,pleted

B. complete

C. had been completed

D. have been completed

47.I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life _____ so happy.

A.did I feel

B. I felt

C. I had felt

D. had I felt

48.--- How are you today?

--- Oh, I _____ _ as ill as I do now for a very long time.

A.didn’t feel

B. wasn’t feeling

C. don’t feel

D. haven’t felt

49.The reporter said the UFO ______ east to west when he saw it.

A.was travelling

B. travelled

C. had been travelling

D. was to travel

50.--- I think that you need ____ practice on playing the violin.

--- ______ violin lessons every two weeks, but I think I’ll make it every week from now on.

A.less; I have

B. less; I’ve taking

C. more; I have

D. more; I’ve been having

中考英语常用不规则动词详解

为了帮助同学们记住不规则动词，现在把教材中出现的不规则动词分为几个类型，每个类型中

又分若干组，尽量找出每组中各词变化形式的共同点，以帮助记忆。

1. A---A---A 型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）动词原形（现在式）过去式过去分词cost cost cost 花费cut cut cut 割，切hit hit hit 打 let let let 让put put put 放下 read read read读hurt hurt hurt 伤

2. A---A---B 型（现在式和过去式同形）beat beat beaten 打

3. A---B---A 型（现在式和过去分词同形）come came come 来become became become 变run ran run 跑

4. A ---B ---B 型

（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母 d 或 t 构成过去式或过去分词。 burn burnt burnt 燃烧learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习mean meant meant 意思hear heard heard 听见（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。build built built 建筑lend lent lent 借给lose lost lost 失去send sent sent 送spend spent spent 花费（3）其他pay paid paid 付lay laid laid 下蛋say said said 说bring brought brought 带来buy bought bought买think thought thought 想sleep slept slept 睡keep kept kept 保持sweep swept swept 扫stand stood stood 站understand understood understood 明白win won won 得胜shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光catch caught caught 抓住teach taught taught 教feel felt felt觉得fight fought fought 战斗find found found 发现get got got 得到hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂have had had 有hold held held 盛，握leave left left 离开make made made 制造meet met met 遇见sell sold sold 卖shoot shot shot 射击

tell told told 告诉smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻sit sat sat 坐dig dug dug 挖

5. A---B---C 型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）

（1）在动词原形后加-n 或-en 构成过去分词。eat ate eaten 吃fall fell fallen 落下steal stole stolen 偷give gave given 给freeze froze frozen 冻结take took taken 拿see saw seen 看见write wrote written 写ride rode ridden 骑drive drove driven 驾驶 throw threw thrown 抛，扔blow blew blown 吹 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道fly flew flown 飞draw drew drawn 拉，绘画show showed shown 展示（2）过去式加-n 或-en 构成过去分词。speak spoke spoken 说话break broke broken 破碎，折断wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒choose chose chosen 选择forget forgot forgotten 忘记

（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。begin began begun 开始ring rang rung 按铃sing sang sung 唱sink sank sunk 沉swim swam swum 游泳drink drank drunk 饮

（4）其他不规则动词的变化。be(am, is) was/ were been 是be(are) were been 是do did done 做go went gone 去lie lay lain 躺wear wore worn 穿

透析中考英语语法时态考点

【时态命题趋势与预测】时态是中考命题的重点,.主要考查考生在具体语境、特殊语境中对时态的运用能力。进行时、完成时以及完成进行时的考查则是重中之重，故考生在掌握特殊情况下表达一般时的同时，应更加注重进行时完成时以及完成进行时的运用。

【考点诠释】

一、对一般现在时考查

1．考查其基本概念：一般现在时通常表示习惯性的、反复发生的动作。通常与表示频度的副词如often, sometimes, usually, always, occasionally 等和时间状语如in the evening, at night, twice a month, every day / week / month / year, on Sundays 等连用。一般现在时可表示主语的特征、能力或状态以及普遍真理。

【考例】T he woman and her husband ____ in the same office. [ 广东省] A. work

B.works

C. is working

D. has worked[答案]A．[解析]本题考查时态。句意为“这个妇女和她丈夫在同一个办公室工作”。句中虽然没有时间状语，但是可以从句意上看出是经常性的动作，故用一般现在时；句子主语为复数，故动词用原形w ork。

2．考查一般现在时的替代用法：在由 when, after, before, until, till, as soon as, the minute / second / moment, the next time 等引导的时间状语中或由if, so / as long as, once, even if, although, whether…or…, in case, whatever, whenever, wherever 等引导的条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

【考例】--I'm sorry that John is out. --Please ask him to call me as soon as he_____ _ _.[成都市] A. returned B. returns C. will return

[答案]B．[解析]考查以 as soon as 引导的从句。以 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句常以一般现在时代替一般将来时。

二、对一般过去时的考查一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in , at that time 等。有时句子中虽然不含表示过去时间的状语，但根据语境可判断动作或状态已经发生，而且与现在没有任何联系，也需用一般过去时。

【考例】一W hat did you do after school yesterday? 一I _____ _basketball with my friends．[北京市] A play B played C will play D．am playing[答案]B．[解析]由上句“昨天放学后你在干什么？”句意可知对过去发生的事情询问，回答也应用过去式。故选B。

一 Mr. Green，____you ____Three Lanes and Seven Alleys(三坊七巷)last Sunday? 一 No．but I'll visit them next week. [福州市]

A． will；go to B have；been to C did；go to D．have；gone to[答案]C．[解析]本题是一个单纯考查时态的题目。A 项是一般将来时，B、D 两项是现在完成时，c 项是一般过去时。句中有一个典型的表示过去时间的状语"last Sunday"，类似这样的时间状语，

往往与一般过去时态的谓语动词连用，所以正确答案为C项。

His family ____ the zoo last week. [吉林省] A. visit B. am visiting C. visited D. will visit

[答案]C．[解析] 由关键信息l ast week(表过去)可直接选C。

三、对一般将来时的考查一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或状态，一般将来时有多种表达法：1．be going to do 表示计划、安排或有迹象表明要发生的事情。

2．“shall / will + do”单纯表示将来，不含计划、安排之意；有时表示主语的临时决断。

3．be about to do sth 表示马上就要发生某事，通常不与时间状语连用，常用于 be about to do...when... 结构, 表示“正要……突然……”。

4．某些主要用于表示动作转移的动词，如：come, go, leave, start, arrive, meet, move, sail, begin, fall, marry, publish, see, stay 等，用现在时表示将来时，指的是按计划安排或时刻表要发生的事。5．“be to + 动词原形”表示预先安排好的计划或约定。

6．祈使句 + or / and + 一般将来时态的并列句”句型中

【考例】I ____ the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow．[北京市]

A. will return B returned C have returned D return

[答案]A．[解析] 考查i f 引导的主从复合句。以i f 引导的条件状语从句，若主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

--Mum, what are you doing? --Your uncle has come. I____ _ put an extra fork on the table. [太原市] A. will B. have C. would[答案]A．[解析]本题重在考查一般将来时的用法。从问句"What are you doing"推知A项w ill 最适合语境。

--Look at the noisy kids! --Haven't you heard the saying "When the cat is away, the mice ____ __. "?[河南省]

A.play

B. played

C. are playing

D. will play

[答案]D．[解析]谚语。固定用法。

四、对现在进行时的考查现在进行时表示目前正在进行的动作或目前所处的状态。有些动词常用现在进行时态表示按计划或安排即将发生的事情。

【考例】Jack has never been to Disneyland before，but he ____there this summer．[沈阳市] A．h as been． B is going C went D．goes

[答案]B．[解析] 依据句意：“杰克以前没有去过迪斯尼乐园，但今年夏天他打算去。”is going 正在进行时表将来，故选B。

五、对现在完成时的考查现在完成时的用法主要有两点：1．过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用的时间状语有y et, already, just, ever, never, now, before, lately, recently。2．表示某动作从过去开始发生，持续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。常用的时间状语有 today,this week, these days, so far, up to now, since, ever since, since then, by this time, for years / ages, for a long time, several times, in / over the past few years, “since + 过去某一时刻”,“for + 时间段”等。

有时在时间或条件状语从句中，可用现在完成时代替将来完成时。

【考例】Hearing that she __the entrance exam to the university，Fudy is thrilled．[青岛市] A．has failed in B. is succeeded in C．is failed in D．has succeed in[答案]D。[解析]本题考查词义辨析由“听说他成功地通过了考试，Judy 非常兴奋。”可知选D。

——It's raining! When did it start? 一I don't know exactly．In fact，it ____ _all this afternoon. [北京市] A1asts B has 1asted C．1asted D．will 1ast[答案]B．[解析]考查现在完成时态。从句意“事实上，已持续了整整一个下午了”，不难看出，不能用一般过去时，此句中l ast"持续”作延续性动词。从信息"all this afternoon"可知。

--Are you going to see the film with us? --No, thanks. I _____ it. [广东省] A. saw B.have seen C. see D. was seeing[答案]B．[解析]本题考查动词的时态。由对话的语境可推测句意“我已看过这部电影”，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，故应用现在完成时。 --Hello, this is Lily speaking.Could I speak to Mr. Black? --Sorry. He ____ _ the Xuanwu Lake Park. [南京市] A. has been to

B. went to

C. has gone to

D. will go to [答案]C．[解析] 考查现在完成时态。have gone to(到某地去了，还没有回来)；have been to(去过某地，已经回来了)。

Jane ____ _ . I'm waiting for her. [成都市] A. came back B. has come back C. hasn't come back [答案]C．

[解析]考查现在完成时态。根据后句句意：“我正在等她”可知。

六．过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。过去进行时常用来解释某种行为的原因。过去进行时有时也可表示过去将来时。

【考例】——Dick gave me a note while I ___ _ _in the library．一 I guess he made it to say“sorry”to you．[黄冈市] A．a re reading B was reading C reads D．will read [答案]B．[解析] 考查过去进行时态。while 引导的句子，当主句用一般过去时的时候?从句用过去进行时态。

--I called you at half past nine this morning, but there was no answer. --Oh, sorry. I ___ _ with my cousin in the supermarket. [安徽省]

A. shop

B. was shopping

C. shopped

D. will shop[答案]B．[解析]

此处意为你打电话的那个时候我正在超市，故用过去进行时态。

.被动语态考查—Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. –I’m sorry, but I __ _ when to meet. (江西) A. don’t tell B. didn’t tell C. haven’t told D. wasn’t told

[答案]：D [命题立意]：本题考查时态的用法。[试题解析]：依据句意：对不起，但我不知道什么时候见面。强调动作发生在过去，I 和t ell 之间是被动关系。

Many old houses around our school ____ next year and a large green area will appear. ( 上海)

A. pull down

B. will be pulled down

C. will pull down

D. are pulled down

[答案]：B [命题立意]：本题考查时态和语态的用法。[试题解析]：由题干时间 next year 科知识将来时态，句子主语是o ld houses ,应用被动语态。故选B。 --- My watch ______. ---Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Lost & Found. (浙江) A. is lost B. is broken C.

has found D. has stopped

[答案]：A [命题立意]：本题考查交际用语中时态、语态的用法。[试题解析]：由L et’s go to the Lost & Found.可知，说明表丢失了。故选A。

---Did you go to Sam’s weekend party? ---No, I___ _ _. (年湖北宜昌)

A. am not invited

B. wasn’t invited

C. haven’t invited

D. didn’t invite

[答案]：B [命题立意]：本题考查时态和语态的用法。[试题解析]：由 Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?可知陈述过去的动作的发生，I 和 invite 之间存在着被动关系。故选 B。-- How often ___ _ your school sports meeting ______? (南通) -- Once a year. A. does; hold B. was; hold C.is; held D. did; hold

[答案]：C [命题立意]：本题考查时态和语态的用法。 [试题解析]：How often+一般疑问句？此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数，表示“多长时间一次”。往往针对频度副词如：always, seldom, usually, once a month, sometimes, every five minutes.等提问，常用于现在时或过去时。由题干your school sports meeting 作主语，谓语应用被动语态。故选C 。ww.zk523u.ecom On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) ____ _ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars. (泰州) A. sell B. sold C. is sold D.was sold

[答案]：D [命题立意]：本题考查时态和语态的用法。 [试题解析]：由O n May 30th, ,可知动作发生在过去；其主语是o ne bowl 与s ell 存在被动关系。

The "Thousand- hand Guanyin" _____ by many people as the best performance at CCTV's Spring Festival Evening. (徐州) A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regarded D. regards[答案]：A [命题立意]：本题考查时态的用法。[试题解析]：依据题意：“千手观音”被许多人认为是中央电视台春节联欢晚会最好的节目。表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，应用现在完成时。其主语是T he "Thousand- hand Guanyin"，要用被动语态。故选A。

—Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. —Yes, they ____ in Hangzhou. (杭州)

A.painted

B. were painting

C. were painted

D. had painted

[答案]:C [命题立意]：本题考查被动语态的用法。 [试题解析]：they 指代T hose eggs of different colors，主语是物，故用被动语态。依据结构，应选 C.。

------Don’t litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign:: “Rubbish into the dustbin.”-------Sorry. (2004 年襄樊市) A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D , must be thrown

[答案]: D [命题立意]：本题考查含有情态动词的被动语态的用法。[试题解析]：依据句意：垃圾必须扔进垃圾箱里。表示“命令”，句子主语是垃圾，应用被动语态。

【语法过关】

1.I like my new bike. It ______ very well. A rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden

2.Cotton ___ _ nice and soft. A. is felt B. is feeling C. feel D. feels

3.The world ______. Things never stay the same. A. changes B. is changing C. was changing

D. will change

4.--- Have you ever____ Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? --- Yes, I have. A. went to

B. gone to

C. been in

D. been to

5..I'm sorry you've missed the train, It______10 minutes ago. A. left B. has left C. had left

D. has been left

6. --- Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday, Dick? --- John ___ _ __. A. cleaned B. does C. did D. is

7.—Mum? May I go out and play basketball? —______ you_____ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished

8.—Oh, Mrs King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new? —No, I___ _ it for two years. had

B.have had

C. bought

D. have bought

9.—Will your mother___ _ you if you______ the English exam? —Of course not. Because I am trying my best. A. be angry with, don't pass B. be angry with, won't pass C. be angry to, don't pass D. be angry to, won't pass

10.L isten! Some of the girls ______ about Harry Potter . Let's join them! are talking B. talk

C.will talk

D. talked

11.O ur teacher , Miss Chen, ____ _ _ English on the radio the day before yesterday. A. teaches

B. taught

C. will teach

D. had taught

12.I don't think I _____ _ you in that dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw

D. see

13. She will have a holiday as soon as she ___ _ _ the work next week. A. finishes B. doesn't finish C. will finish D. won't finish

14.---Where is Mr Green now ? I haven't seen him for a few days. ---He ____ _ _ to Hong Kong . A. goes B. will go C. is going D. has gone

15. When she was 22 years old, her dream to be a teacher _____ _. A. came true B. come true C. came real D. come real

16.-I won't come to the party unless Sue ______, too. -You mean if Sue comes you'll come? will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited

17.-Do you still have a headache, Billy? -No, it's ______. I'm all right now, mum. A .dropped

B. run

C. left

D. gone

18.-What are on show in the museum? -Some photos ____ by African children. A. are taken

B.were taken

C. taken

D. have been taken

19.A talk on Chinese history ___ in the school hall next week. A. be given B. has been given

C.will be given

D. will give

20.You may go fishing if your work _____ _ . A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done

21.The Olympic Games, first celebrated in Athens in 1896, every four years ___ _ so far this century, except during the two world wars. A. are held B. were held C. have been held D. had been held

22．A new cinema ____here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has