动词和动词短语讲义-高三英语一轮复习
【高考英语一轮复习】第一讲 谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致

动词突破篇动词(短语)表示主语的动作、存在、变化或态度。
动词按照动词的意义可以分为实义动词、情态动词、系动词、助动词。
第一讲谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致动词时态历来是高考考查的重点。
动词时态考查虽多,但考向非常集中,最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时,其次是现在完成时,其他时态考查相对较少。
因此备考重点是:①动词时态的基本用法②动词语态的基本用法③主谓一致动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)1.一般时态(1)一般现在时①表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
We have meals three times a day.我们一日吃三餐。
②表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。
The sun sets in the west.太阳从西方落下。
③在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I’ll write to her when I have time.有时间我会写信给她。
(2)一般过去时①表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作或状态。
We often played basketball together.我们(过去)经常在一起打篮球。
②时间、条件、让步状语从句中,若主句用了过去将来时,从句常用一般过去时。
He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
单句语法填空①The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed (form) the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ语法填空)②The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)③When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed (point) down the river.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)④New methods meant__(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)⑤While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)⑥Sarah says,“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment,school comes (come) first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.”(全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)2.进行时态(1)现在进行时(am/is/are+现在分词)①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
动词时态、语态和主谓一致+讲义-2024届高三英语一轮复习

动词时态、语态和主谓一致高三英语一轮复习考点剖析-动词时态、语态和主谓一致考点一:考查过去进行时例1.I first met Lily five years ago. She ________ (work) as a nurse in a hospital at the time.【答案】was working【解析】考查时态。
句意:我五年前第一次见到莉莉。
她当时正在一所医院里做护士。
根据句意和时间状语at the time 可知,这里用过去进行时,强调过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,主语为she,谓语用单数。
故填was working。
考点二:考查一般过去时例2.He picked up his book and ________ reading even though it was already midnight. (continuous)【答案】continued【解析】考查时态。
句意:他拿起书继续阅读,尽管已经是午夜了。
所给单词continuous是形容词,表示“持续的”,分析句子机构,空处与picked并列作谓语,应用动词continue,表示“继续”,根据picked使用过去式形式可知,句子使用一般过去时,动词应用过去式形式continued。
故填continued。
考点三:考查现在进行时例3.—Hi, Jessy. Why are you going to work on foot today?—Well, my car ________. (repair)【答案】is being repaired【解析】考查时态和语态。
句意:——你好,杰西。
你今天为什么要步行去上班?——嗯,我的车正在修理。
根据句意提到步行上班可知,此处表示:车在修理中,时态用现在进行时,主语my car与repair(修理)之间为被动关系,所以用现在进行时的被动语态。
主语my car为单数,be动词用is。
考点四:考查现在完成时例4.The city ________ (recognize) as the musical capital of Europe since the 16th century, home to the likes of Mozart and Beethoven.【答案】has been recognized【解析】考查时态语态。
2025届高三英语一轮语法复习:+过去分词(短语)作定语+讲义

高中英语语法复习:过去分词(短语)作定语过去分词(短语)是什么?1.过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,是由动词变化而来的,过去分词不能单独做句子的谓语。
但是,“be + 过去分词”以及“have/has/had + 过去分词”可以作句子的谓语。
2.在英语中,常用done或者V-ed来表示过去分词。
3.过去分词(done)可在句子中可以充当定语、宾语补足语、状语等。
过去分词(短语)作定语的基本情况1.单个的过去分词通常放在名词的前面,作用是修饰该名词,做前置定语,译为“......的”例句:The broken vase has been thrown outside. 那个打碎了的花瓶已被扔到外面去了。
The polluted water resulted in the spread of cholera. 被污染的水导致了霍乱的传播。
2.过去分词短语通常放在名词的后面,作用是修饰该名词,做后置定语,其作用相当于一个定语从句。
例句:This is a letter written in black ink. 这是一封用黑色墨水写的信。
过去分词(短语)做定语时,有2种常见的情况①表示和名词之间是被动关系the adopted son 被收养的儿子(前置定语)an advice supported by many people 一个被很多人支持的建议the guests invited to the party被邀请去派对的客人们the river polluted by daily waste被日常垃圾污染的河流a great trip organised by our school由我们学校组织的一次愉快的旅行(旅行是被组织的)a question discussed at the meeting yesterday(昨天在会议上被讨论的问题)②表示动作已完成the injured workers受伤的工人the broken window破碎了的窗户the risen sun 升起的太阳the boiled water 已经烧开(过的)水the faded flowers 凋谢了的花the retired workers 退休工人a sunken ship一艘沉了的船【过去分词(短语)做定语时的特殊情况】①left,given,concerned,discussed, found, built, invited, mentioned, obtained, received, questioned, shown, told 等是单个的过去分词,但是,通常会放在名词后面作后置定语。
高三英语一轮语法:第05讲动词和动词短语

第五讲动词和动词短语考点一动词词义辨析1.(2013·**高考)While intelligent people can often ______ the ple*, a fool is more likely to plicate the simple.A.sacrifice B.substituteC.simplify D.survive解析:选C 考察动词辨析。
句意:聪明的人常常能把复杂的事情简单化,而愚蠢的人更可能把简单的问题复杂化。
根据句意可知,这里用simplify与后面的the simple对应,the ple*与后面的plicate照应。
sacrifice"牺牲〞;substitute"代替〞;survive"幸存〞。
2.(2013·新课标卷Ⅰ)Try not to cough more than you can ________ since it may cause problems to your lungs.A.check B.allowC.stop D.help解析:选D 考察动词辨析。
句意:尽量不要过多咳嗽,因为咳嗽过多可能引发你的肺部问题。
not more than one can help意为"能少尽量少〞,符合句意。
3.(2013·**高考)A good listener takes part in the conversation, ________ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.A.realizing B.copyingC.offering D.misunderstanding解析:选C 考察动词辨析。
句意:善于倾听的人在谈话的时候,往往会提出想法和问题,从而使得谈话能流畅地进展下去。
offer"提供,主动提出〞,符合句意。
第8讲 动词及动词短语 中考英语一轮复习重点知识课件

表示请求时,比 may Might I take your order?你要点
语气更委婉
菜吗?
表示猜测,可能性比 may 小
This guitar might belong to Alice.She plays the guitar.这个吉 他可能是艾丽斯的。她弹吉他。
表示能力,意为“能, I can play the guitar.I can't play the
It may not be my pen.这可能不是我的钢笔。
动词短语 动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定短语。其意义与
原来的动词不同。
1.常见的动词短语分类:
分类
示例
动词+介词
agree with 赞成;ask for 请求;laugh at 嘲笑;point at 指向等
动词+副词
give up 放弃;get up 起床;look out 当心; stay up 熬夜;set off 出发等
动词+名词
make faces 做鬼脸;have fun 玩得开心; play spor ts 做运动等
动词+名词+ 介词
make friends with … 和……交朋友;give one’s life to … 献身于……;take care of 照顾等
DREAM
中 考 加油
第八讲 动词及动词短语
目录
高频考点解读 高频考点精讲 精选考题测评
从近几年的真题来分析,动词和动词短语的命题特点为: 实义动词辨析:主要在单项选择(必考)和完形填空(必考)中考查。 系动词和助动词:很少涉及,仅在词语运用中考查过系动词的用法。
情态动词:主要在单项选择中考查(必考),也会在完形填空中涉及。 动词短语:主要在单项选择(必考)和完形填空中考查。
高考英语一轮总复习 介词(短语)和动词(短语)(教师用书)教案 北师大版-北师大版高三全册英语教案

介词〔短语〕和动词〔短语〕(一)介词(短语)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.解析:考查介词。
此处表示追踪北极熊数量的现代方法,表示“……的〞,故答案为of;也可理解为目的,故答案也可为for。
2.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact.解析:考查介词。
a pack of为固定搭配,表示“一包……;一群……〞,故填of。
3.(2019·卷)First celebrated in 1970,the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区).解析:考查介词。
表示“在哪一年〞用介词in,故填in。
4.(2018·某某卷)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home for dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.解析:此处for...与前面的go to...搭配,表示目的。
5.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical munity (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical munity was trying to fight.解析:分析句子结构可知,此处在句中作状语表示“作为一种抵抗心脏病的方式〞。
高考英语一轮复习语法总结讲义

一、时态、语态时态、语态需要掌握的要点:1.表达将来时的形式:(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中,一般现在时代替将来时,但要注意区别从句的类型,如:I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。
(宾语从句)比较:I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。
(状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中,谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时,如:See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式) 2.完成时是时态测试的重点,注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语:(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句,主句用过去完成时。
如:We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况) (2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句,主句用将来完成时。
如:By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months,主句用现在完成时,如:The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中,主句更多的时候不用完成时。
高三英语总复习课件:语法5动词和动词短语

(
战”;apply for“申请”;call on“号召”;wait on“服
侍,招待,拜访”。故选C。 答案:C
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7.carry carry off 获胜;成功做成(困难之事) carry through 帮助渡过难关;完成;实现 carry on 继续;坚持
《 走 向 高 考 》 高 考 总 复 习 英 语 配 人 教 实 验 版 )
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rise
raise
rose
raised
risen
raised
rising
raising
上升,起身
举起,提 高,唤 起,饲养
(
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The sun having set down, a mist arose. 太阳落山后起了雾。 The river has risen by several metres. 河水上涨了好几米。
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的原因)
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11.get get about 四处走动;传开 get across 传达 get away 逃脱;设法离开 get down 下来;记下 get in 收割;到达 get off 出发;下班 get together 聚会 get through 接通;通过 get down to 开始认真干
《 走 向 高 考 》 高 考 总 复 习 英 语 配 人 教 实 验 版 )
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动词和动词短语讲义-2024届高三英语一轮复习考点剖析-动词和动词短语考点一:动词词义辨析例1.Effective measures should be taken to ________ endangered animals to ensure that more species don’t become extinct.A.advocateB.reserveC.accumulateD.preserve【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
句意:应该采取有效措施保护濒危动物,以确保更多的物种不会灭绝。
A. advocate v. 拥护;B. reserve v. 保留;C. accumulate v. 积累,积聚;D. preserve v. 保护。
结合句意可知,此处是指保护濒危动物。
故选D。
考点二:“动词+副词”短语辨析例2.China is working hard to ________the full potential of higher education and will move faster to build world-class universities.A.take inB.set asideC.bring outD.give away【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。
句意:中国正在努力充分发挥高等教育的潜力,加快建设世界一流大学。
A. take in 吸收;B. set aside搁置;C. bring out使显现,使特点或品质更加突出;D. give away赠送。
根据后文“the full potential of higher education”可知,此处指中国正在努力充分发挥高等教育的潜力,故选C。
考点三:“动词+介词+名词”短语辨析例3.The lake has been there for many years. No one knows exactly how and when it ________.A.came into powerB.came into beingC.came into viewD.came into fashion【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。
句意:这个湖在那里已经很多年了。
没有人确切知道它是如何以及何时产生的。
A. came into power掌权;B. came into being形成,存在;C. came into view进入视野;D. came into fashion流行起来。
根据句意可知,此处是指没人确切知道湖是如何以及何时形成的。
故选B。
考点四:“动词+介词”短语辨析例4.—Peter can’t concentrate on his work recently.—Yes, that might________ why he made a big mistake in preparing for the meeting.A.allow forB.apply forC.account forD.call for【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。
句意:——彼得最近不能专注于他的工作。
——是的,这也许可以解释为什么他在准备会议时犯了一个大错误。
A. allow for考虑到;B. apply for申请;C. account for是……的说明;D. call for 要求。
分析句子结构可知,此空位于情态动词之后,所以使用动词原形,结合句意可知,此处表示“是……的解释”应为account for符合句意。
故选C项。
考点五:情态动词用法辨析例5.—Tony, is that Mr. Black over there?—I knew that he had gone to England. It be him.A. mightB. couldC. can’tD. must【答案】C【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析。
might “可能”,表示不太肯定的推测;could “可以”,表示建议;can’t “不可能”,表示否定的推测;must“一定,肯定”,表示肯定的推测。
由“I knew that he had gone to England.”可知,布莱克先生已经去了英国,所以不可能是他。
情态动词的否定推测应用can’t。
句意:——托尼,那是布莱克先生吗?——我知道他已经去了英国。
不可能是他。
故答案选C。
考点六:系动词的用法例6.—Some of my friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what nice.—Aha, me too!B. feelsC. looksD. smells【答案】C【解析】考查系动词用法。
根据前一句提示“我的一些朋友喜欢靠视觉吃饭”可知,此处指他们喜欢点那些“看起来”好看的食物。
真题演练1.If we continue to________ environmental problems, we will regret it sooner or later.A.highlight B.identifyC.ignore D.prevent【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
句意:如果我们继续忽视环境问题,我们迟早会后悔的。
A. highlight突出;强调;B. identify辨认;识别;C. ignore忽视;D. prevent阻止。
由句意可知对于环境问题我们迟早会后悔,而这一切都是因为我们对环境问题的忽视。
故选C项。
2.Some parents are just too protective. They want to________ their kids from every kind of damage, real or imagined.A.spot B.dismissC.shelter D.distinguish【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
句意:有些父母太过保护孩子了。
他们想保护自己的孩子免受各种伤害,不管是真实的还是想象的。
A. spot发现;B. dismiss解散;C. shelter 保护;D. distinguish区别。
根据后文“their kids from every kind of damage, real or imagined”指保护孩子免受伤害,应用shelter。
故选C。
3.Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have________ the same for nearly 40 years.A.stayed B.turnedC.grown D.got【答案】A【解析】考查系动词动词词义辨析。
句意:虽然有一些人来了又走了,但这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。
保持;变成(某种颜色);变得;变成。
根据“the restaurant's regular customers”以及“the same for nearly 40 years”可知,这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。
stay“保持”,表示老顾客保持40年不变。
故选A项。
4.I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some.A.made up forB.run out ofC.kept away fromD.got down to【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。
句意:我想包饺子,但发现我的面粉用完了,所以我出去买了一些。
A. made up for 弥补;B. run out of用完,用尽;C. kept away from远离,回避;D. got down to开始认真做。
结合句意,此处指“用完”了面粉。
故选B。
5.As the story________, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.A.begins B.happensC.ends D.develops【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
句意:"随着故事的发展,这个神秘数字的真相渐渐地被发现了。
begin“开始;happen “发生”;end“结束”;develop“发展”。
由后面题干中的“is slowly discovered”得出该单词应该是一个延续性的动词,而ABC选项均为非延续性动词。
故选D。
6.If you ________ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.A.come across B.care aboutC.look for D.focus upon【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。
句意:如果你发现你想要买的这辆自行车有瑕疵,但是你仍想买这辆,就让店员降价。
come across 发现,碰到;care about 在乎,关心;look for 寻找;focus upon 集中注意力于。
根据句意可知,发现了瑕疵,但仍旧想买这两自行车,可以请店员降价。
故正确答案为A项。
7.Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.A.judge B.differC.withdraw D.benefit【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
句意:亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来,在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。
A. judge判断;B. differ不同;C. withdraw抽身,撤退;D. benefit有益于。
根据后文“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系,所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来,withdraw from“离开”。
故选C。
8.Before leaving America, she _____ much of her furniture to friends and enjoyed letting them have the piece they had liked.A.picked up B.gave awayC.put down D.set aside【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。