TPP协议翻译版
TPP协议(全文中文翻译)
TPP协议（全文中文翻译）跨太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协议序言文莱达鲁萨兰国政府、智利共和国、新西兰和新加坡共和国(以下简称集体"方"或单独称为"一方"，除非上下文另有解释)，决心: 加强特殊的链接的友谊和合作放大通过贸易自由化和投资和鼓励进一步和更深入的合作，建立战略伙伴关系内亚洲-太平洋地区;缔约方之间的关系的框架贡献向和谐发展和扩大世界贸易和催化剂提供更广泛的合作，在国际论坛; 创建扩大和安全市场的商品和服务在其领土; 避免扭曲的互惠贸易; 建立清除规则，他们的贸易; 确保一个可预测的商业框架，为企业规划和投资;建立在他们各自的权利和义务的马拉喀什协定建立世界贸易组织和其他多边和双边协定和安排; 申明他们致力于亚洲——太平洋经济合作(APEC)的目标和原则;重申他们致力于亚太经合组织加强竞争和法规改革的原则，以保护和促进竞争的过程中和设计的规定，尽量减少扭曲竞争;要注意经济发展、社会发展和环境保护是可持续发展的相互依存和相辅相成的组成部分和更紧密的经济伙伴关系可以发挥重要的作用，在促进可持续发展; 加强他们在全球的市场;企业的竞争力福斯特创意和创新，并促进保护知识产权鼓励贸易的货物和服务各方; 加强战略经济伙伴关系，使经济效益和社会效益，创造新的就业机会，提高生活水平的人民;维护规定，以便实现国家政策目标;他们政府的权利保留他们的灵活性，以保障公共福利;加强他们合作在劳工和环境事项上的共同利益;促进共同框架内的亚洲-太平洋地区，并申明致力于鼓励加入本协定的其他经济体;已同意，如下所示:章1最初拟定的条文第1.1条:目标1。
本协议建立跨太平洋战略经济伙伴关系各方，基于共同利益和深化关系在所有领域的应用。
2。
本协议特别包括商业、经济、金融、科学、技术和合作领域。
它可能扩展到其他领域，为了扩大和提高效益的本协议各方商定。
3。
缔约方寻求支持更广泛的自由化进程在亚太经合组织与它的自由和开放的贸易和投资的目标相一致。
跨太平洋伙伴关系协议概要TPP(中文及英文)
跨太平洋伙伴关系协议概要TPP(中文及英文)附件2《跨太平洋伙伴关系协议》官方概要2015年10月4日，来自12个跨太平洋伙伴关系（TPP）国家的部长们宣布结束有关谈判，这12国分别是澳大利亚、文莱、加拿大、智利、日本、马来西亚、墨西哥、新西兰、秘鲁、新加坡、美国和越南。
谈判的结果是产生了一份标准高、目标高、全面且平衡的协议，其宗旨是在缔约国促进经济增长，支持工作岗位的创造和维持，增进创新、生产力和竞争力，提高生活水平，减少贫困，进而促进透明度、良好治理以及劳动和环境保护。
鉴于其为亚太地区的贸易和投资提出了一系列新而高的标准，我们预期，这份协议的达成作为重要一步，将有助于实现我们的最终目标——亚太地区的自由贸易和区域一体化。
关键特征：五大特征使得TPP成为一份21世纪的标志性协议，可以为全球贸易设立新标准，并且着手应对下一代的问题。
这五大特征是：●全面的市场准入。
TPP将在货物和服务贸易的几乎一切领域消除或削减关税及非关税壁垒，覆盖贸易的全部范围，包括货物和服务贸易及投资，以便为缔约国的企业、劳工和消费者创造新的机遇与利益。
●实现承诺的区域性方法。
TPP将促进生产和供应链的发展，促进“无缝贸易”，提升效率，支持工作岗位的创造和维持，提高生活水平，增强环保力度，促进跨境融合，促进国内市场开放。
●应对新的贸易挑战。
为增进创新、生产力和竞争力，TPP将应对新问题，包括数字经济的发展、国有企业在全球经济中的角色等等。
●包容性贸易。
TPP包含一些新的要素，试图保障不同发展水平的经济体、不同规模的企业都能从贸易中获益。
它包含了一些承诺，旨在帮助中小型企业理解这份协议，利用它所带来的机遇，并提醒TPP各缔约国政府关注中小企业所面临的独特挑战。
它也包含了一些特别承诺，旨在促进各方发展并帮助其提升贸易能力，确保各方都能兑现协议中的承诺并充分利用其益处。
●区域一体化平台。
TPP意在为区域经济一体化提供一个平台，它从设计上就鼓励其他亚太地区经济体加入进来。
TPP协议中文版全文
《TPP协议》中文版全文跨太平洋伙伴关系协议（Trans -Pacific Partnership Agreement，TPP），也被称作“经济北约"。
[1] 前身是跨太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协定（Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement，P4），是由亚太经济合作会议成员国中的新西兰、新加坡、智利和文莱四国发起，从2002年开始酝酿的一组多边关系的自由贸易协定，原名亚太自由贸易区，旨在促进亚太地区的贸易自由化。
2011年11月10日，日本正式决定加入TPP谈判，而中国大陆没有申请参与TPP谈判。
2013年9月10日，韩国宣布加入TPP谈判。
跨太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协议Trans -Pacific Partnership AgreementTPP序言文莱达鲁萨兰国政府、智利共和国、新西兰和新加坡共和国(以下简称集体"方"或单独称为"一方"，除非上下文另有解释)，决心:加强特殊的链接的友谊和合作放大通过贸易自由化和投资和鼓励进一步和更深入的合作，建立战略伙伴关系内亚洲-太平洋地区;缔约方之间的关系的框架贡献向和谐发展和扩大世界贸易和催化剂提供更广泛的合作，在国际论坛;创建扩大和安全市场的商品和服务在其领土;避免扭曲的互惠贸易;建立清除规则，他们的贸易;确保一个可预测的商业框架，为企业规划和投资;建立在他们各自的权利和义务的马拉喀什协定建立世界贸易组织和其他多边和双边协定和安排;申明他们致力于亚洲——太平洋经济合作(APEC)的目标和原则;重申他们致力于亚太经合组织加强竞争和法规改革的原则，以保护和促进竞争的过程中和设计的规定，尽量减少扭曲竞争;要注意经济发展、社会发展和环境保护是可持续发展的相互依存和相辅相成的组成部分和更紧密的经济伙伴关系可以发挥重要的作用，在促进可持续发展;加强他们在全球的市场;企业的竞争力福斯特创意和创新，并促进保护知识产权鼓励贸易的货物和服务各方;加强战略经济伙伴关系，使经济效益和社会效益，创造新的就业机会，提高生活水平的人民;维护规定，以便实现国家政策目标;他们政府的权利保留他们的灵活性，以保障公共福利;加强他们合作在劳工和环境事项上的共同利益;促进共同框架内的亚洲-太平洋地区，并申明致力于鼓励加入本协定的其他经济体;已同意，如下所示:章1最初拟定的条文第1.1条:目标1。
TPP协议(2015-11-05,英文)18. Intellectual Property Chapter
CHAPTER 18INTELLECTUAL PROPERTYSection A: General ProvisionsArticle 18.1: Definitions1.For the purposes of this Chapter:Berne Convention means the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, as revised at Paris, July 24, 1971;Budapest Treaty means the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (1977), as amended on September 26, 1980;Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health means the Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health (WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2), adopted on November 14, 2001;geographical indication means an indication that identifies a good as originating in the territory of a Party, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin;intellectual property refers to all categories of intellectual property that are the subject of Sections 1 through 7 of Part II of the TRIPS Agreement;Madrid Protocol means the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks, done at Madrid, June 27, 1989;Paris Convention means the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, as revised at Stockholm, July 14, 1967;performance means a performance fixed in a phonogram unless otherwise specified; with respect to copyright and related rights, the term right to authorise or prohibit refers to exclusive rights;Singapore Treaty means the Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks, done at Singapore, March 27, 2006;UPOV 1991 means the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, as revised at Geneva, March 19, 1991;WCT means the WIPO Copyright Treaty, done at Geneva, December 20, 1996;WIPO means the World Intellectual Property Organization;For greater certainty, work includes a cinematographic work, photographic work and computer program; andWPPT means the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty, done at Geneva, December 20, 1996.2.For the purposes of Article 18.8 (National Treatment), Article 18.31(a) (Administrative Procedures for the Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications) and Article 18.62.1 (Related Rights):a national means, in respect of the relevant right, a person of a Party that would meet the criteria for eligibility for protection provided for in the agreements listed in Article 18.7 (International Agreements) or the TRIPS Agreement.Article 18.2: ObjectivesThe protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights should contribute to the promotion of technological innovation and to the transfer and dissemination of technology, to the mutual advantage of producers and users of technological knowledge and in a manner conducive to social and economic welfare, and to a balance of rights and obligations.Article 18.3: Principles1. A Party may, in formulating or amending its laws and regulations, adopt measures necessary to protect public health and nutrition, and to promote the public interest in sectors of vital importance to their socio-economic and technological development, provided that such measures are consistent with the provisions of this Chapter.2. Appropriate measures, provided that they are consistent with the provisions of this Chapter, may be needed to prevent the abuse of intellectual property rights by right holders or the resort to practices which unreasonably restrain trade or adversely affect the international transfer of technology.Article 18.4: Understandings in Respect of this ChapterHaving regard to the underlying public policy objectives of national systems, the Parties recognise the need to:(a)promote innovation and creativity;(b)facilitate the diffusion of information, knowledge, technology, cultureand the arts; and(c)foster competition and open and efficient markets,through their respective intellectual property systems, while respecting the principles of transparency and due process, and taking into account the interests of relevant stakeholders, including right holders, service providers, users and the public.Article 18.5: Nature and Scope of ObligationsEach Party shall give effect to the provisions of this Chapter. A Party may, but shall not be obliged to, provide more extensive protection for, or enforcement of, intellectual property rights under its law than is required by this Chapter, provided that such protection or enforcement does not contravene the provisions of this Chapter. Each Party shall be free to determine the appropriate method of implementing the provisions of this Chapter within its own legal system and practice. Article 18.6: Understandings Regarding Certain Public Health Measures1. The Parties affirm their commitment to the Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health. In particular, the Parties have reached the following understandings regarding this Chapter:(a) The obligations of this Chapter do not and should not prevent a Partyfrom taking measures to protect public health. Accordingly, whilereiterating their commitment to this Chapter, the Parties affirm that thisChapter can and should be interpreted and implemented in a mannersupportive of each Party’s right to protect public health and, inparticular, to promote access to medicines for all. Each Party has theright to determine what constitutes a national emergency or othercircumstances of extreme urgency, it being understood that publichealth crises, including those relating to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis,malaria and other epidemics, can represent a national emergency orother circumstances of extreme urgency.(b) In recognition of the commitment to access to medicines that aresupplied in accordance with the Decision of the General Council ofAugust 30, 2003 on the Implementation of Paragraph Six of the DohaDeclaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health(WT/L/540)and the WTO General Council Chairman’s Statement Accompanyingthe Decision (JOB(03)/177, WT/GC/M/82), as well as the Decision ofthe WTO General Council of December 6, 2005 on the Amendment ofthe TRIPS Agreement, (WT/L/641) and the WTO General CouncilChairperson’s Statement Accompanying the Decision (JOB(05)319 andCorr. 1,WT/GC/M/100) (collectively, the “TRIPS/health solution”),this Chapter does not and should not prevent the effective utilisation ofthe TRIPS/health solution.(c) With respect to the aforementioned matters, if any waiver of anyprovision of the TRIPS Agreement, or any amendment of the TRIPSAgreement, enters into force with respect to the Parties, and a Party’sapplication of a measure in conformity with that waiver or amendmentis contrary to the obligations of this Chapter, the Parties shallimmediately consult in order to adapt this Chapter as appropriate in thelight of the waiver or amendment.2. Each Party shall notify, if it has not already done so, the WTO of its acceptance of the Protocol amending the TRIPS Agreement,done at Geneva on December 6, 2005.Article 18.7:International Agreements1.Each Party affirms that it has ratified or acceded to the following agreements:(a) Patent Cooperation Treaty, as amended September 28, 1979;(b) Paris Convention; and(c) Berne Convention.2. Each Party shall ratify or accede to each of the following agreements, if it is not already a Party to that agreement, by the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party:(a) Madrid Protocol;(b) Budapest Treaty;(c) Singapore Treaty;1(d) UPOV 1991;2(e)WCT; and(f) WPPT.1 A Party may satisfy the obligations in paragraph 2(a) and 2(c) by ratifying or acceding to either the Madrid Protocol or the Singapore Treaty.2 Annex 18-A applies to this subparagraph.Article 18.8:National Treatment1. In respect of all categories of intellectual property covered in this Chapter,3 each Party shall accord to nationals of another Party treatment no less favourable than it accords to its own nationals with regard to the protection4 of intellectual property rights.2. With respect to secondary uses of phonograms by means of analog communications and free over-the-air broadcasting and other non-interactive communications to the public, however, a Party may limit the rights of the performers and producers of another Party to the rights its persons are accorded within the jurisdiction of that other Party.3. A Party may derogate from paragraph 1 in relation to its judicial and administrative procedures, including requiring a national of another Party to designate an address for service of process in its territory, or to appoint an agent in its territory, provided that such derogation is:(a) necessary to secure compliance with laws or regulations that are notinconsistent with this Chapter; and(b) not applied in a manner that would constitute a disguised restriction ontrade.4. Paragraph 1 does not apply to procedures provided in multilateral agreements concluded under the auspices of WIPO relating to the acquisition or maintenance of intellectual property rights.Article 18.9:Transparency1.Further to Article 26.2 (Publication) and Article 18.73.1 (Enforcement Practices with Respect to Intellectual Property Rights), each Party shall endeavour to make available on the Internet its laws, regulations, procedures and administrative3 For greater certainty, with respect to copyrights and related rights that are not covered under SectionH (Copyright and Related Rights), nothing in this Agreement limits a Party from taking an otherwise permissible derogation from national treatment with respect to those rights.4 For the purposes of this paragraph, “protection” shall include matters affecting the availability, acquisition, scope, maintenance and enforcement of intellectual property rights as well as matters affecting the use of intellectual property rights specifically covered by this Chapter. Further, for the purposes of this paragraph, “protection” also includes the prohibition on the circumvention of effective technological measures set out in Article 18.68 (TPMs) and the provisions concerning rights management information set out in Article 18.69 (RMI). For greater certainty, “matters affecting the use of intellectual property rights specifically covered by this Chapter” in respect of works, performances and phonograms, include any form of payment, such as licensing fees, royalties, equitable remuneration, or levies, in respect of uses that fall under the copyright and related rights in this Chapter. The preceding sentence is without prejudice to a Party’s interpretation of “matters affecting the use of intellectual property rights” in footnote 3 of the TRIPS Agreement.rulings of general application concerning the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights.2. Each Party shall, subject to its law, endeavour to make available on the Internet information that it makes public concerning applications for trademarks, geographical indications, designs, patents and plant variety rights.5,63. Each Party shall, subject to its law, make available on the Internet information that it makes public concerning registered or granted trademarks, geographical indications, designs, patents and plant variety rights, sufficient to enable the public to become acquainted with those registered or granted rights.7Article 18.10: Application of Chapter to Existing Subject Matter and Prior Acts 1. Unless otherwise provided in this Chapter, including in Article 18.64 (Application of Article 18 of the Berne Convention and Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement), this Chapter gives rise to obligations in respect of all subject matter existing at the date of entry into force of this Agreement for a Party and that is protected on that date in the territory of a Party where protection is claimed, or that meets or comes subsequently to meet the criteria for protection under this Chapter.2. Unless provided in Article 18.64 (Application of Article 18 of the Berne Convention and Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement), a Party shall not be required to restore protection to subject matter that on the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party has fallen into the public domain in its territory.3. This Chapter does not give rise to obligations in respect of acts that occurred before the date of entry into force of this Agreement for a Party.Article 18.11:Exhaustion of Intellectual Property RightsNothing in this Agreement prevents a Party from determining whether or under what conditions the exhaustion of intellectual property rights applies under its legal system.85 For greater certainty, paragraphs 2 and 3 are without prejudice to a Party’s obligations under Article 18.24 (Electronic Trademarks System).6 For greater certainty, paragraph 2 does not require a Party to make available on the Internet the entire dossier for the relevant application.7 For greater certainty, paragraph 3 does not require a Party to make available on the Internet the entire dossier for the relevant registered or granted intellectual property right.8 For greater certainty, this Article is without prejudice to any provisions addressing the exhaustion of intellectual property rights in international agreements to which a Party is a party.Section B: CooperationArticle 18.12:Contact Points for CooperationFurther to Article 21.3 (Contact Points for Cooperation and Capacity Building), each Party may designate and notify under Article 27.5.2 (Contact Points) one or more contact points for the purpose of cooperation under this Section.Article 18.13: Cooperation Activities and InitiativesThe Parties shall endeavour to cooperate on the subject matter covered by this Chapter, such as through appropriate coordination, training and exchange of information between the respective intellectual property offices of the Parties, or other institutions, as determined by each Party. Cooperation may cover areas such as:(a) developments in domestic and international intellectual propertypolicy;(b) intellectual property administration and registration systems;(c) education and awareness relating to intellectual property;(d) intellectual property issues relevant to:(i)small and medium-sized enterprises;(ii)science, technology and innovation activities; and(iii)the generation, transfer and dissemination of technology;(e) policies involving the use of intellectual property for research,innovation and economic growth;(f) implementation of multilateral intellectual property agreements, suchas those concluded or administered under the auspices of WIPO; and(g) technical assistance for developing countries.Article 18.14:Patent Cooperation and Work Sharing1. The Parties recognise the importance of improving the quality and efficiency of their respective patent registration systems as well as simplifying and streamlining the procedures and processes of their respective patent offices for the benefit of all users of the patent system and the public as a whole.2. Further to paragraph 1, the Parties shall endeavour to cooperate among their respective patent offices to facilitate the sharing and use of search and examination work of other Parties. This may include:(a) making search and examination results available to the patent offices ofother Parties;9 and(b) exchanging information on quality assurance systems and qualitystandards relating to patent examination.3. In order to reduce the complexity and cost of obtaining the grant of a patent, the Parties shall endeavour to cooperate to reduce differences in the procedures and processes of their respective patent offices.4. The Parties recognise the importance of giving due consideration to ratifying or acceding to the Patent Law Treaty,done at Geneva, June 1, 2000; or in the alternative, adopting or maintaining procedural standards consistent with the objective of the Patent Law Treaty.Article 18.15:Public Domain1.The Parties recognise the importance of a rich and accessible public domain.2. The Parties also acknowledge the importance of informational materials, such as publicly accessible databases of registered intellectual property rights that assist in the identification of subject matter that has fallen into the public domain.Article 18.16: Cooperation in the Area of Traditional Knowledge1. The Parties recognise the relevance of intellectual property systems and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources to each other, when that traditional knowledge is related to those intellectual property systems.2. The Parties shall endeavour to cooperate through their respective agencies responsible for intellectual property, or other relevant institutions, to enhance the understanding of issues connected with traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, and genetic resources.3. The Parties shall endeavour to pursue quality patent examination, which may include:9 The Parties recognise the importance of multilateral efforts to promote the sharing and use of search and examination results, with a view to improving the quality of search and examination processes and to reducing the costs for both applicants and patent offices.(a) that in determining prior art, relevant publicly available documentedinformation related to traditional knowledge associated with geneticresources may be taken into account;(b) an opportunity for third parties to cite, in writing, to the competentexamining authority prior art disclosures that may have a bearing onpatentability, including prior art disclosures related to traditionalknowledge associated with genetic resources;(c) if applicable and appropriate, the use of databases or digital librariescontaining traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources;and(d) cooperation in the training of patent examiners in the examination ofpatent applications related to traditional knowledge associated withgenetic resources.Article 18.17:Cooperation on RequestCooperation activities and initiatives undertaken under this Chapter shall be subject to the availability of resources, and on request, and on terms and conditions mutually agreed upon between the Parties involved.Section C: TrademarksArticle 18.18:Types of Signs Registrable as TrademarksNo Party shall require, as a condition of registration, that a sign be visually perceptible, nor shall a Party deny registration of a trademark only on the ground that the sign of which it is composed is a sound. Additionally, each Party shall make best efforts to register scent marks. A Party may require a concise and accurate description, or graphical representation, or both, as applicable, of the trademark. Article 18.19:Collective and Certification MarksEach Party shall provide that trademarks include collective marks and certification marks. A Party is not obligated to treat certification marks as a separate category in its law, provided that those marks are protected. Each Party shall also provide that signs that may serve as geographical indications are capable of protection under its trademark system.10Article 18.20:Use of Identical or Similar SignsEach Party shall provide that the owner of a registered trademark has the exclusive right to prevent third parties that do not have the owner’s consent from using in the course of trade identical or similar signs, including subsequent geographical indications,11,12 for goods or services that are related to those goods or services in respect of which the owner’s trademark is registered, where such use would result in a likelihood of confusion. In the case of the use of an identical sign for identical goods or services, a likelihood of confusion shall be presumed.Article 18.21:ExceptionsA Party may provide limited exceptions to the rights conferred by a trademark, such as fair use of descriptive terms, provided that those exceptions take account of the legitimate interest of the owner of the trademark and of third parties.10 Consistent with the definition of a geographical indication in Article 18.1 (Definitions), any sign or combination of signs shall be eligible for protection under one or more of the legal means for protecting geographical indications, or a combination of such means.11 For greater certainty, the exclusive right in this Article applies to cases of unauthorised use of geographical indications with goods for which the trademark is registered, in cases in which the use of that geographical indication in the course of trade would result in a likelihood of confusion as to the source of the goods.12 For greater certainty, the Parties understand that this Article should not be interpreted to affect their rights and obligations under Article 22 and Article 23 of the TRIPS Agreement.Article 18.22:Well-Known Trademarks1. No Party shall require as a condition for determining that a trademark is well-known that the trademark has been registered in the Party or in another jurisdiction, included on a list of well-known trademarks, or given prior recognition as a well-known trademark.2. Article 6bis of the Paris Convention shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to goods or services that are not identical or similar to those identified by a well-known trademark,13 whether registered or not, provided that use of that trademark in relation to those goods or services would indicate a connection between those goods or services and the owner of the trademark, and provided that the interests of the owner of the trademark are likely to be damaged by such use.3. Each Party recognises the importance of the Joint Recommendation Concerning Provisions on the Protection of Well-Known Marks as adopted by the Assembly of the Paris Union for the Protection of Industrial Property and the General Assembly of WIPO at the Thirty-Fourth Series of Meetings of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO September 20 to 29, 1999.4. Each Party shall provide for appropriate measures to refuse the application or cancel the registration and prohibit the use of a trademark that is identical or similar to a well-known trademark,14 for identical or similar goods or services, if the use of that trademark is likely to cause confusion with the prior well-known trademark. A Party may also provide such measures including in cases in which the subsequent trademark is likely to deceive.Article 18.23:Procedural Aspects of Examination, Opposition and Cancellation Each Party shall provide a system for the examination and registration of trademarks which includes among other things:(a)communicating to the applicant in writing, which may be by electronicmeans, the reasons for any refusal to register a trademark;(b) providing the applicant with an opportunity to respond tocommunications from the competent authorities, to contest any initialrefusal, and to make a judicial appeal of any final refusal to register atrademark;13 In determining whether a trademark is well-known in a Party, that Party need not require that the reputation of the trademark extend beyond the sector of the public that normally deals with the relevant goods or services.14 The Parties understand that a well-known trademark is one that was already well-known before, as determined by a Party, the application for, registration of or use of the first-mentioned trademark.(c) providing an opportunity to oppose the registration of a trademark or toseek cancellation15 of a trademark; and(d) requiring administrative decisions in opposition and cancellationproceedings to be reasoned and in writing, which may be provided byelectronic means.Article 18.24: Electronic Trademarks SystemEach Party shall provide:(a) a system for the electronic application for, and maintenance of,trademarks; and(b) a publicly available electronic information system, including an onlinedatabase, of trademark applications and of registered trademarks. Article 18.25:Classification of Goods and ServicesEach Party shall adopt or maintain a trademark classification system that is consistent with the Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks, done at Nice, June 15, 1957, as revised and amended (Nice Classification). Each Party shall provide that:(a) registrations and the publications of applications indicate the goods andservices by their names, grouped according to the classes establishedby the Nice Classification;16 and(b) goods or services may not be considered as being similar to each otheron the ground that, in any registration or publication, they are classifiedin the same class of the Nice Classification. Conversely, each Partyshall provide that goods or services may not be considered as beingdissimilar from each other on the ground that, in any registration orpublication, they are classified in different classes of the NiceClassification.15 For greater certainty, cancellation for purposes of this Section may be implemented through nullification or revocation proceedings.16 A Party that relies on translations of the Nice Classification shall follow updated versions of the Nice Classification to the extent that official translations have been issued and published.Article 18.26:Term of Protection for TrademarksEach Party shall provide that initial registration and each renewal of registration of a trademark is for a term of no less than 10 years.Article 18.27:Non-Recordal of a LicenceNo Party shall require recordal of trademark licences:(a) to establish the validity of the licence; or(b) as a condition for use of a trademark by a licensee to be deemed toconstitute use by the holder in a proceeding that relates to theacquisition, maintenance or enforcement of trademarks.Article 18.28: Domain Names1. In connection with each Party’s system for the management of its country-code top-level domain (ccTLD) domain names, the following shall be available:(a) an appropriate procedure for the settlement of disputes, based on, ormodelled along the same lines as, the principles established in theUniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy, as approved by theInternet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) orthat:(i) is designed to resolve disputes expeditiously and at low cost;(ii) is fair and equitable;(iii) is not overly burdensome; and(iv) does not preclude resort to judicial proceedings; and(b) online public access to a reliable and accurate database of contactinformation concerning domain-name registrants,in accordance with each Party’s law and, if applicable, relevant administrator policies regarding protection of privacy and personal data.2. In connection with each Party’s system for the management of ccTLD domain names, appropriate remedies17 shall be available at least in cases in which a person 17 The Parties understand that such remedies may, but need not, include, among other things, revocation, cancellation, transfer, damages or injunctive relief.registers or holds, with a bad faith intent to profit, a domain name that is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark.Section D: Country NamesArticle 18.29: Country NamesEach Party shall provide the legal means for interested persons to prevent commercial use of the country name of a Party in relation to a good in a manner that misleads consumers as to the origin of that good.。
新tpp协议书
新tpp协议书甲方：_____________________乙方：_____________________鉴于甲方和乙方在国际贸易和经济合作领域内具有共同的利益和目标，双方本着平等互利的原则，经友好协商，就参与新TPP（Trans-Pacific Partnership）协议达成如下协议：第一条协议目的本协议旨在促进甲方和乙方在新TPP框架下的贸易自由化、经济一体化以及投资便利化，增强双方在区域经济合作中的竞争力。
第二条贸易自由化1. 双方同意在新TPP协议生效后，逐步取消对彼此商品的关税壁垒，实现商品的自由流通。
2. 双方应遵守新TPP协议规定的贸易规则，包括但不限于原产地规则、贸易救济措施等。
第三条服务贸易1. 双方同意在新TPP协议框架下开放服务市场，允许对方服务提供者在本方市场内提供服务。
2. 双方应确保服务贸易的透明度和公平竞争。
第四条投资1. 双方同意在新TPP协议框架下提供平等的投资机会，并保护投资者的合法权益。
2. 双方应避免采取任何可能损害对方投资者利益的措施。
第五条知识产权保护1. 双方同意在新TPP协议框架下加强知识产权的保护，包括但不限于专利、商标、著作权等。
2. 双方应采取有效措施打击知识产权侵权行为。
第六条争端解决1. 双方在履行本协议过程中产生的任何争端，应首先通过友好协商解决。
2. 如果协商未能解决争端，双方同意将争端提交至新TPP协议设立的争端解决机制。
第七条协议的修改和终止1. 本协议可根据双方的共同意愿进行修改。
2. 任何一方均可在提前六个月书面通知对方的情况下终止本协议。
第八条其他1. 本协议的解释、适用和执行应遵守新TPP协议的规定。
2. 本协议以英文和中文两种文字书写，两种文本具有同等法律效力。
第九条生效本协议自双方授权代表签字盖章之日起生效。
甲方代表签字：____________________乙方代表签字：____________________日期：____年____月____日（本协议书到此结束，以下无正文）。
TPP协议翻译版
《跨太平洋火伴关系协定》内容摘要(根据美国贸易代表办公室发布内容翻译) 第一章初始条款和总定义第二章货物贸易第三章纺织品和服装第四章原产地规则第五章海关管理与贸易便利化第六章卫生和植物卫生措施第七章技术性贸易壁垒第八章贸易救济第九章投资第十章跨境服务贸易第十一章金融服务第十二章商务人员暂时入境第十三章电信第十四章电子商务第十五章政府采购第十六章竞争政策第十七章国有企业和指定垄断第十八章知识产权第十九章劳工第二十章环境第二十一章合作和能力建设第二十二章竞争力和商务便利化第二十三章发展第二十四章中小企业第二十五章监管一致性第二十六章透明度和反腐败第二十七章管理和机制条款第二十八章争端解决第二十九章例外第三十章最终条款第一章初始条款和总定义TPP 缔约方间已存在不少协定。
初始条款和总定义章节确认 TPP 可与缔约方间的其他国际贸易协定并存，包括 WTO 协定、双边和区域协定等。
本章还对协定各章通用的概念进行了定义。
TPP 缔约方允许取销或者削减工业品的关税和非关税壁垒，以及农产品的关税和其它限制性政策。
TPP 提供的优惠市场准入，将在拥有 8 亿人口的市场中促进缔约方间贸易增长，并为 12 个缔约方创造高质量的就业机会。
绝大部份工业品关税将即将取销，部分产品将享受更长的降税期。
各方达成的具体关税削减安排已包含在涵盖所有产品的关税减让表中。
缔约方将发布所有关税和其它与货物贸易相关的信息，确保中小企业能和大企业一样受益于 TPP。
各国还允许限制本地生产等实绩要求，不实行与WTO 规定不一致的进出口税收和限制措施，包括针对再创造产品的措施。
若 TPP 缔约方维持进出口许可要求，他们会将相关程序告知其他缔约方，从而提高透明度，便利贸易往来。
在农产品方面，各方将取销或者削减关税和其它限制性政策，促进区域内农产品贸易，确保食品安全。
除取销或者削减关税外，TPP 缔约方允许推动政策改革，包括削减农业出口补贴，与 WTO 一同制定约束出口国国营贸易企业和出口信贷的规则，以及约束粮食出口限制政策可使用的时间，从而为本区域提供更有保障的粮食安全。
TPP- 跨太平洋伙伴协议
TPP- 跨太平洋伙伴协议摘要：自美国总统奥巴马在2009年11月14日访日时宣布美国将加入泛太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协定(TPP)以来,在一些APEC成员纷纷对TPP采取积极态度的情况下,日本也一直考虑参加TPP的问题。
TPP有利于日本出口产业扩大出口,而对日本农业却会成严重的打击。
因此,日本国内出现了强烈的反对意见,主张参加者和反对参加者各执一词,争论不休,致使日本政府举棋不定,难下决断。
至今尚未取得突破性进展,关键问题在于日本农业改革的前景不容乐观。
关键词：TPP;日本政府;举棋不定;特点;参加难题TPP即跨太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协定。
（英语：The Trans-Pacific Partnership，缩写：TPP），全称跨太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协议（英语：Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement），亦译泛太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协定，是由亚太经济合作会议成员国发起，从2002年开始酝酿的一组多边关系的自由贸易协定，旨在促进亚太区的贸易自由化。
跨太平洋伙伴关系协议第一条一款三项规定：“本组织支持亚太经济合作会议，促进自由化进程，达成自由开放贸易之目的。
”一、主要内容二、参与国家国家状态加入时间文莱发起国2005年6月智利新西兰新加坡美国已加入谈判2008年2月澳大利亚2008年11月秘鲁越南马来西亚2010年10月墨西哥2012年10月加拿大日本2013年3月三、美国主导通过TPP全面介入亚太区域经济整合进程：第一，阻止亚洲形成统一的贸易集团，维护美国在亚太地区的战略利益亚洲是美国战略利益的核心区域之一，除了在政治、军事上占据主导地位。
美国还要在经济上占据主导地位，以便巩固其在全球的领导地位。
就区域经济合作而言，阻止亚洲形成统一的贸易集团是美国贸易政策的重要目标。
美国学者认为亚洲形成一个将美国排除在外的贸易集团对美国不利。
彼得森国际经济研究所估计，一个没有美国参与的东亚自由贸易区可能使美国公司的年出口至少损失250亿美元，或者约20万个高薪岗位。
tpp协议书国家
tpp协议书国家TPP协议书本协议书由以下签署国（以下简称“各缔约方”）共同签署：[国家A]、[国家B]、[国家C]、...、[国家N]。
鉴于各缔约方均致力于促进经济一体化和贸易自由化，以增强经济合作，提高生活水平，保障可持续发展，特此达成如下协议：第一条目的与原则1. 本协议旨在通过降低贸易壁垒、促进投资、加强知识产权保护、提高透明度和公平性，加强各缔约方之间的经济联系。
2. 本协议遵循以下原则：- 互惠互利；- 透明度；- 非歧视性；- 公平竞争；- 可持续发展。
第二条商品贸易1. 各缔约方应逐步取消所有关税和非关税壁垒，实现商品贸易的自由化。
2. 对于敏感商品，各缔约方可在协议中规定过渡期和例外措施。
第三条服务贸易1. 各缔约方应承诺在服务贸易领域内提供平等的市场准入和国民待遇。
2. 各缔约方应制定并公布服务贸易的具体承诺表。
第四条投资1. 各缔约方应为对方投资者提供公平、透明和非歧视性的投资环境。
2. 各缔约方应保护投资者的合法权益，包括但不限于财产权、知识产权和投资收益。
第五条知识产权1. 各缔约方应加强知识产权的保护，确保其符合国际标准。
2. 各缔约方应采取措施打击侵犯知识产权的行为。
第六条争端解决1. 各缔约方应通过友好协商解决贸易争端。
2. 如果协商未能解决争端，应提交至本协议设立的争端解决机制。
第七条透明度和监管合作1. 各缔约方应加强监管透明度，确保政策和措施的公开性。
2. 各缔约方应加强监管合作，提高政策协调性和一致性。
第八条发展合作1. 各缔约方应支持发展中国家和最不发达国家加强能力建设，促进其经济和社会发展。
2. 各缔约方应通过技术援助、培训和其他形式的支持，帮助这些国家更好地融入全球经济。
第九条环境与劳工标准1. 各缔约方应致力于环境保护和可持续发展，不得以牺牲环境为代价促进贸易。
2. 各缔约方应遵守国际劳工标准，保护工人权益。
第十条协议的修改和终止1. 本协议可根据各缔约方的共同决定进行修改。
TPP协议（2015-11-05...
TPP协议（2015-11-05...CHAPTER 21COOPERATION AND CAPACITY BUILDINGArticle 21.1: General Provisions1.The Parties acknowledge the importance of cooperation and capacity building activities and shall undertake and strengthen these activities to assist in implementing this Agreement and enhancing its benefits, which are intended to accelerate economic growth and development.2. The Parties recognise that cooperation and capacity building activities may be undertaken between two or more Parties, on a mutually agreed basis, and shall seek to complement and build on existing agreements or arrangements between them.3. The Parties also recognise that the involvement of the private sector is important in these activities, and that SMEs may require assistance in participating in global markets. Article 21.2: Areas of Cooperation and Capacity Building1. The Parties may undertake and strengthen cooperation and capacity building activities to assist in:(a) implementing the provisions of this Agreement;(b) enhancing each Party’s ability to take advantage of the economic opportunitiescreated by this Agreement; and(c) promoting and facilitating trade and investment of the Parties.2.Cooperation and capacity building activities may include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following areas:(a) agricultural, industrial and services sectors;(b) promotion of education, culture and gender equality; and(c) disaster risk management.3.The Parties recognise that technology and innovation provides added value to cooperation and capacity building activities, and may be incorporated into cooperation and capacity building activities under this Article.4.The Parties may undertake cooperation and capacity building activities through modes such as: dialogue, workshops, seminars, conferences, collaborative programmes and projects; technical assistance to promote and facilitate capacity building and training; the sharing of best practices on policies and procedures; and the exchange of experts, information and technology.Article 21.3: Contact Points for Cooperation and Capacity Building1.Each Party shall designate and notify a contact point on matters relating to the coordination of cooperation and capacity building activities in accordance with Article 27.5 (Contact Points).2. A Party may make a request for cooperation and capacity building activities related to this Agreement to another Party or Parties through the contact points.Article 21.4: Committee on Cooperation and Capacity Building1. The Parties hereby establish a Committee on Cooperation and Capacity Building (Committee), composed of government representatives of each Party.2. The Committee shall:(a) facilitate the exchange of information between the Parties in areas including,but not limited to, experiences and lessons learned throughcooperation andcapacity building activities undertaken between the Parties;(b) discuss and consider issues or proposals for future cooperation and capacitybuilding activities;(c) initiate and undertake collaboration, as appropriate, to enhance donorcoordination and facilitate public-private partnerships in cooperation andcapacity building activities;(d) invite, as appropriate, international donor institutions, private sector entities, non-governmental organisations or other relevant institutions, to assist in thedevelopment and implementation of cooperation and capacity building activities;(e) establish ad hoc working groups, as appropriate, which may includegovernment representatives, non-government representatives or both;(f) coordinate with other committees, working groups and any other subsidiarybody established under this Agreement as appropriate, in support of thedevelopment and implementation of cooperation and capacity buildingactivities;(g) review the implementation or operation of this Chapter; and(h) engage in other activities as the Parties may decide.3. The Committee shall meet within one year of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, and thereafter as necessary.4. The Committee shall produce an agreed record of its meetings, including decisions and next steps and, as appropriate, report to the Commission.Article 21.5: ResourcesRecognising the different levels of development of the Parties, the Parties shall work to provide the appropriate financial or in-kind resources for cooperation and capacity building activities conducted under this Chapter, subject to the availability of resources and the comparative capabilities that different Parties possess to achieve the goals of this Chapter. Article 21.6: Non-Application of Dispute SettlementNo Party shall have recourse to dispute settlement under Chapter 28 (Dispute Settlement) for any matter arising under this Chapter.。
TPP协议(2015-11-05,英文)9. Investment Chapter
CHAPTER 9INVESTMENTSection AArticle 9.1: DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Chapter:Centre means the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) established by the ICSID Convention;claimant means an investor of a Party that is a party to an investment dispute with another Party. If that investor is a natural person, who is a permanent resident of a Party and a national of another Party, that natural person may not submit a claim to arbitration against that latter Party;covered investment means, with respect to a Party, an investment in its territory of an investor of another Party in existence as of the date of entry into force of this Agreement for those Parties or established, acquired, or expanded thereafter;disputing parties means the claimant and the respondent;disputing party means either the claimant or the respondent;enterprise means an enterprise as defined in Article 1.3 (General Definitions), and a branch of an enterprise;enterprise of a Party means an enterprise constituted or organised under the law of a Party, or a branch located in the territory of a Party and carrying out business activities there;1freely usable currency means “freely usable currency” as determined by the International Monetary Fund under its Articles of Agreement;ICC Arbitration Rules means the arbitration rules of the International Chamber of Commerce;1 For greater certainty, the inclusion of a “branch” in the definitions of “enterprise” and “enterprise of a Party” is without prejudice to a Party’s ability to treat a branch under its laws as an entity that has no independent legal existence and is not separately organised.ICSID Additional Facility Rules means the Rules Governing the Additional Facility for the Administration of Proceedings by the Secretariat of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes;ICSID Convention means the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of other States, done at Washington, March 18, 1965;Inter-American Convention means the Inter-American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration, done at Panama, January 30, 1975;investment means every asset that an investor owns or controls, directly or indirectly, that has the characteristics of an investment, including such characteristics as the commitment of capital or other resources, the expectation of gain or profit, or the assumption of risk. Forms that an investment may take include:(a)an enterprise;(b)shares, stock and other forms of equity participation in an enterprise;(c) bonds, debentures, other debt instruments and loans;2,3(d) futures, options and other derivatives;(e) turnkey, construction, management, production, concession, revenue-sharing andother similar contracts;(f) intellectual property rights;(g) licences, authorisations, permits and similar rights conferred pursuant to theParty’s law;4 and2Some forms of debt, such as bonds, debentures, and long-term notes, are more likely to have the characteristics of an investment, while other forms of debt, such as claims to payment that are immediately due and result from the sale of goods or services, are less likely to have such characteristics.3 A loan issued by one Party to another Party is not an investment.4 Whether a particular type of licence, authorisation, permit or similar instrument (including a concession to the extent that it has the nature of such an instrument) has the characteristics of an investment depends on such factors as the nature and extent of the rights that the holder has under the Party’s law. Among such instruments that do not have the characteristics of an investment are those that do not create any rights protected under the Party’s law. For greater certainty, the foregoing is without prejudice to whether any asset associated with such instruments has the characteristics of an investment.(h) other tangible or intangible, movable or immovable property, and related propertyrights, such as leases, mortgages, liens and pledges,but investment does not mean an order or judgment entered in a judicial or administrative action. investment agreement means a written agreement5 that is concluded and takes effect after the date of entry into force of this Agreement6between an authority at the central level of government7 of a Party and a covered investment or an investor of another Party and that creates an exchange of rights and obligations, binding on both parties under the law applicable under Article 9.24(2) (Governing Law), on which the covered investment or the investor relies in establishing or acquiring a covered investment other than the written agreement itself, and that grants rights to the covered investment or investor:(a) with respect to natural resources that a national authority controls, such as oil,natural gas, rare earth minerals, timber, gold, iron ore and other similarresources,8including for their exploration, extraction, refining, transportation,distribution or sale;(b) to supply services on behalf of the Party for consumption by the general publicfor: power generation or distribution, water treatment or distribution, 5“Written agreement” refers to an agreement in writing, negotiated and executed by both parties, whether in asingle instrument or in multiple instruments. For greater certainty:(a) a unilateral act of an administrative or judicial authority, such as a permit, licence, authorisation,certificate, approval, or similar instrument issued by a Party in its regulatory capacity, or a subsidy or grant, or a decree, order or judgment, standing alone; and(b) an administrative or judicial consent decree or order,shall not be considered a written agreement.6 For greater certainty, a written agreement that is concluded and takes effect after the entry into force of this Agreement does not include the renewal or extension of an agreement in accordance with the provisions of the original agreement, and on the same or substantially the same terms and conditions as the original agreement, which has been concluded and entered in force prior to the entry into force of this Agreement.7 For the purposes of this definition, “authority at the central level of government” means, for unitary states, an authority at the ministerial level of government. Ministerial level of government means government departments, ministries or other similar authorities at the central level of government, but does not include: (a) a governmental agency or organ established by a Party’s constitution or a particular legislation that has a separate legal personality from government departments, ministries or other similar authorities under a Party’s law, unless the day to day operations of that agency or organ are directed or controlled by government departments, ministries or other similar authorities; or (b) a governmental agency or organ that acts exclusively with respect to a particular region or province.8 For the avoidance of doubt, this subparagraph does not include an investment agreement with respect to land, water or radio spectrum.telecommunications, or other similar services supplied on behalf of the Party forconsumption by the general public;9 or(c) to undertake infrastructure projects, such as the construction of roads, bridges,canals, dams or pipelines or other similar projects; provided, however, that theinfrastructure is not for the exclusive or predominant use and benefit of thegovernment;investment authorisation10 means an authorisation that the foreign investment authority of a Party11 grants to a covered investment or an investor of another Party;investor of a non-Party means, with respect to a Party, an investor that attempts to make,12 is making, or has made an investment in the territory of that Party, that is not an investor of a Party;investor of a Party means a Party, or a national or an enterprise of a Party, that attempts to make, is making, or has made an investment in the territory of another Party;LCIA Arbitration Rules means the arbitration rules of the London Court of International Arbitration;negotiated restructuring means the restructuring or rescheduling of a debt instrument that has been effected through (a) a modification or amendment of that debt instrument, as provided for under its terms, or (b) a comprehensive debt exchange or other similar process in which the holders of no less than 75 per cent of the aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt under that debt instrument have consented to the debt exchange or other process;9 For the avoidance of doubt, this subparagraph does not cover correctional services, healthcare services, education services, childcare services, welfare services or other similar social services.10 For greater certainty, the following are not encompassed within this definition: (i) actions taken by a Party to enforce laws of general application, such as competition, environmental, health or other regulatory laws; (ii) non-discriminatory licensing regimes; and (iii) a Party’s decision to grant to a covered investment or an investor of another Party a particular investment incentive or other benefit, that is not provided by a foreign investment authority in an investment authorisation.11 For the purposes of this definition, “foreign investment authority” means, as of the date of entry into force of this Agreement: (a) for Australia, the Treasurer of the Commonwealth of Australia under Australia’s foreign investment policy including the Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975; (b) for Canada, the Minister of Industry, but only when issuing a notice under Section 21 or 22 of the Investment Canada Act; (c) for Mexico, the National Commission of Foreign Investments (Comisión Nacional de Inversiones Extranjeras); and (d) for New Zealand, the Minister of Finance, the Minister of Fisheries or the Minister for Land Information, to the extent that they make a decision to grant consent under the Overseas Investment Act 2005.12 For greater certainty, the Parties understand that, for the purposes of the definitions of “investor of a non-Party” and “investor of a Party”, an investor “attempts to make” an investment when that investor has taken concrete action or actions to make an investment, such as channelling resources or capital in order to set up a business, or applying for a permit or licence.New York Convention means the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, done at New York, June 10, 1958;non-disputing Party means a Party that is not a party to an investment dispute;protected information means confidential business information or information that is privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure under a Party’s law, including classified government information;respondent means the Party that is a party to an investment dispute;Secretary-General means the Secretary-General of ICSID; andUNCITRAL Arbitration Rules means the arbitration rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law.Article 9.2: Scope1. This Chapter shall apply to measures adopted or maintained by a Party relating to:(a) investors of another Party;(b) covered investments; and(c) with respect to Article 9.9 (Performance Requirements) and Article 9.15(Investment and Environmental, Health and other Regulatory Objectives), allinvestments in the territory of that Party.2. A Party’s obligations under this Chapter shall apply to measures adopted or maintained by:(a)the central, regional or local governments or authorities of that Party; and(b)any person, including a state enterprise or any other body, when it exercises anygovernmental authority delegated to it by central, regional or local governments orauthorities of that Party.1313 For greater certainty, governmental authority is delegated under the Party’s law, including through a legislative grant or a government order, directive or other action transferring or authorising the exercise of governmental authority.3. For greater certainty, this Chapter shall not bind a Party in relation to an act or fact that took place or a situation that ceased to exist before the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party.Article 9.3: Relation to Other Chapters1. In the event of any inconsistency between this Chapter and another Chapter of this Agreement, the other Chapter shall prevail to the extent of the inconsistency.2. A requirement of a Party that a service supplier of another Party post a bond or other form of financial security as a condition for the cross-border supply of a service does not of itself make this Chapter applicable to measures adopted or maintained by the Party relating to such cross-border supply of the service. This Chapter shall apply to measures adopted or maintained by the Party relating to the posted bond or financial security, to the extent that the bond or financial security is a covered investment.3. This Chapter shall not apply to measures adopted or maintained by a Party to the extent that they are covered by Chapter 11 (Financial Services).Article 9.4: National Treatment141. Each Party shall accord to investors of another Party treatment no less favourable than that it accords, in like circumstances, to its own investors with respect to the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation, and sale or other disposition of investments in its territory.2. Each Party shall accord to covered investments treatment no less favourable than that it accords, in like circumstances, to investments in its territory of its own investors with respect to the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation, and sale or other disposition of investments.3. For greater certainty, the treatment to be accorded by a Party under paragraphs 1 and 2 means, with respect to a regional level of government, treatment no less favourable than the most favourable treatment accorded, in like circumstances, by that regional level of government to investors, and to investments of investors, of the Party of which it forms a part.14 For greater certainty, whether treatment is accorded in “like circumstances” under Article 9.4 (National Treatment) or Article 9.5 (Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment) depends on the totality of the circumstances, including whether the relevant treatment distinguishes between investors or investments on the basis of legitimate public welfare objectives.Article 9.5: Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment1. Each Party shall accord to investors of another Party treatment no less favourable than that it accords, in like circumstances, to investors of any other Party or of any non-Party with respect to the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation, and sale or other disposition of investments in its territory.2. Each Party shall accord to covered investments treatment no less favourable than that it accords, in like circumstances, to investments in its territory of investors of any other Party or of any non-Party with respect to the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation, and sale or other disposition of investments.3. For greater certainty, the treatment referred to in this Article does not encompass international dispute resolution procedures or mechanisms, such as those included in Section B. Article 9.6: Minimum Standard of Treatment151. Each Party shall accord to covered investments treatment in accordance with applicable customary international law principles, including fair and equitable treatment and full protection and security.2. For greater certainty, paragraph 1 prescribes the customary international law minimum standard of treatment of aliens as the standard of treatment to be afforded to covered investments. The concepts of “fair and equitable treatment” and “full protection and security” do not require treatment in addition to or beyond that which is required by that standard, and do not create additional substantive rights. The obligations in paragraph 1 to provide:(a)“fair and equitable treatment” includes the obligation not to deny justice incriminal, civil or administrative adjudicatory proceedings in accordance with theprinciple of due process embodied in the principal legal systems of the world; and(b)“full protection and security” requires each Party to provide the level of policeprotection required under customary international law.3. A determination that there has been a breach of another provision of this Agreement, or of a separate international agreement, does not establish that there has been a breach of this Article.15Article 9.6 (Minimum Standard of Treatment) shall be interpreted in accordance with Annex 9-A (Customary International Law).4. For greater certainty, the mere fact that a Party takes or fails to take an action that may be inconsistent with an investor’s expectations does not constitute a breach of this Article, even if there is loss or damage to the covered investment as a result.5. For greater certainty, the mere fact that a subsidy or grant has not been issued, renewed or maintained, or has been modified or reduced, by a Party, does not constitute a breach of this Article, even if there is loss or damage to the covered investment as a result.Article 9.6bis: Treatment in Case of Armed Conflict or Civil Strife1. Notwithstanding Article 9.11.6(b) (Non-Conforming Measures), each Party shall accord to investors of another Party and to covered investments non-discriminatory treatment with respect to measures it adopts or maintains relating to losses suffered by investments in its territory owing to armed conflict or civil strife.2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, if an investor of a Party, in a situation referred to in paragraph 1, suffers a loss in the territory of another Party resulting from:(a) requisitioning of its covered investment or part thereof by the latter’s forces orauthorities; or(b) destruction of its covered investment or part thereof by the latter’s forces orauthorities, which was not required by the necessity of the situation,the latter Party shall provide the investor restitution, compensation or both, as appropriate, for that loss.3. Paragraph 1 shall not apply to existing measures relating to subsidies or grants that would be inconsistent with Article 9.4 (National Treatment) but for Article 9.11.6(b) (Non-Conforming Measures).Article 9.7: Expropriation and Compensation161. No Party shall expropriate or nationalise a covered investment either directly or indirectly through measures equivalent to expropriation or nationalisation (expropriation), except:(a) for a public purpose17, 18;16Article 9.7 (Expropriation and Compensation) shall be interpreted in accordance with Annex 9-B (Expropriation) and is subject to Annex 9-C (Expropriation Relating to Land).(b) in a non-discriminatory manner;(c) on payment of prompt, adequate and effective compensation in accordance withparagraphs 2, 3 and 4; and(d) in accordance with due process of law.2. Compensation shall:(a) be paid without delay;(b) be equivalent to the fair market value of the expropriated investment immediatelybefore the expropriation took place (the date of expropriation);(c) not reflect any change in value occurring because the intended expropriation hadbecome known earlier; and(d)be fully realisable and freely transferable.3. If the fair market value is denominated in a freely usable currency, the compensation paid shall be no less than the fair market value on the date of expropriation, plus interest at a commercially reasonable rate for that currency, accrued from the date of expropriation until the date of payment.4. If the fair market value is denominated in a currency that is not freely usable, the compensation paid, converted into the currency of payment at the market rate of exchange prevailing on the date of payment, shall be no less than:(a) the fair market value on the date of expropriation, converted into a freely usablecurrency at the market rate of exchange prevailing on that date; plus17 For greater certainty, for the purposes of this Article, the term “public purpose” refers to a concept in customary international law. Domestic law may express this or a similar concept by using different terms, such as “public necessity”, “public interest” or “public use”.18 For the avoidance of doubt: (i) if Brunei Darussalam is the expropriating Party, any measure of direct expropriation relating to land shall be for the purposes as set out in the Land Code(Cap. 40) and the Land Acquisition Act(Cap. 41), as of the date of entry into force of the Agreement for it; and (ii) if Malaysia is the expropriating Party, any measure of direct expropriation relating to land shall be for the purposes as set out in the Land Acquisitions Act 1960, Land Acquisition Ordinance 1950 of the State of Sabah and the Land Code 1958 of the State of Sarawak, as of the date of entry into force of the Agreement for it.(b) interest, at a commercially reasonable rate for that freely usable currency, accruedfrom the date of expropriation until the date of payment.5. This Article shall not apply to the issuance of compulsory licences granted in relation to intellectual property rights in accordance with the TRIPS Agreement, or to the revocation, limitation or creation of intellectual property rights, to the extent that the issuance, revocation, limitation or creation is consistent with Chapter 18 (Intellectual Property) and the TRIPS Agreement.196. For greater certainty, a Party’s decision not to issue, renew or maintain a subsidy or grant, or decision to modify or reduce a subsidy or grant,(a) in the absence of any specific commitment under law or contract to issue, renewor maintain that subsidy or grant; or(b) in accordance with any terms or conditions attached to the issuance, renewal,modification, reduction and maintenance of that subsidy or grant,standing alone, does not constitute an expropriation.Article 9.8: Transfers201. Each Party shall permit all transfers relating to a covered investment to be made freely and without delay into and out of its territory. Such transfers include:(a) contributions to capital;21(b) profits, dividends, interest, capital gains, royalty payments, management fees,technical assistance fees and other fees;(c) proceeds from the sale of all or any part of the covered investment or fromthe partial or complete liquidation of the covered investment;(d)payments made under a contract, including a loan agreement;19 For greater certainty, the Parties recognise that, for the purposes of this Article, the term “revocation” of intellectual property rights includes the cancellation or nullification of those rights, and the term “limitation” of intellectual property rights includes exceptions to those rights.20For greater certainty, this Article is subject to Annex 9-E (Transfers).21 For greater certainty, contributions to capital include the initial contribution.(e) payments made pursuant to Article 9.6bis (Treatment in Case of Armed Conflictor Civil Strife) and Article 9.7 (Expropriation and Compensation); and(f) payments arising out of a dispute.2. Each Party shall permit transfers relating to a covered investment to be made in a freely usable currency at the market rate of exchange prevailing at the time of transfer.3. Each Party shall permit returns in kind relating to a covered investment to be made as authorised or specified in a written agreement between the Party and a covered investment or an investor of another Party.4. Notwithstanding paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, a Party may prevent or delay a transfer through the equitable, non-discriminatory and good faith application of its laws22 relating to:(a) bankruptcy, insolvency or the protection of the rights of creditors;(b) issuing, trading or dealing in securities, futures, options or derivatives;(c) criminal or penal offences;(d) financial reporting or record keeping of transfers when necessary to assist lawenforcement or financial regulatory authorities; or(e) ensuring compliance with orders or judgments in judicial or administrativeproceedings.5. Notwithstanding paragraph 3, a Party may restrict transfers of returns in kind in circumstances where it could otherwise restrict such transfers under this Agreement, including as set out in paragraph 4.Article 9.9: Performance Requirements1. No Party shall, in connection with the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation, or sale or other disposition of an investment of an investor of a Party or of a non-Party in its territory, impose or enforce any requirement, or enforce any commitment or undertaking:2322 For greater certainty, this Article does not preclude the equitable, non-discriminatory and good faith applicationof a Party’s laws relating to its social security, public retirement or compulsory savings programmes.23For greater certainty, a condition for the receipt or continued receipt of an advantage referred to in paragraph 2 does not constitute a “requirement” or a “commitment or undertaking” for the purposes of paragraph 1.(a) to export a given level or percentage of goods or services;(b) to achieve a given level or percentage of domestic content;(c) to purchase, use or accord a preference to goods produced in its territory, or topurchase goods from persons in its territory;(d) to relate in any way the volume or value of imports to the volume or value ofexports or to the amount of foreign exchange inflows associated with theinvestment;(e) to restrict sales of goods or services in its territory that the investment produces orsupplies by relating those sales in any way to the volume or value of its exports orforeign exchange earnings;(f) to transfer a particular technology, a production process or other proprietaryknowledge to a person in its territory;(g) to supply exclusively from the territory of the Party the goods that the investmentproduces or the services that it supplies to a specific regional market or to theworld market;(h) (i) to purchase, use or accord a preference to, in its territory, technology ofthe Party or of a person of the Party24; or(ii) that prevents the purchase or use of, or the according of a preference to, in its territory, a particular technology; or(i) to adopt:(i) a given rate or amount of royalty under a licence contract; or(ii) a given duration of the term of a licence contract,in regard to any licence contract in existence at the time the requirement isimposed or enforced, or any commitment or undertaking is enforced, or any future 24 For the purposes of this Article, the term “technology of the Party or of a person of the Party” includes technology that is owned by the Party or a person of the Party, and technology for which the Party or a person of the Party holds, an exclusive licence.licence contract25freely entered into between the investor and a person in itsterritory, provided that the requirement is imposed or the commitment orundertaking is enforced in a manner that constitutes direct interference with thatlicence contract by an exercise of non-judicial governmental authority of a Party.For greater certainty, paragraph 1(i) does not apply when the license contract isconcluded between the investor and a Party.2. No Party shall condition the receipt or continued receipt of an advantage, in connection with the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation, or sale or other disposition of an investment of an investor of a Party or of a non-Party in its territory, on compliance with any requirement:(a) to achieve a given level or percentage of domestic content;(b) to purchase, use or accord a preference to goods produced in its territory, or topurchase goods from persons in its territory;(c) to relate in any way the volume or value of imports to the volume or value ofexports or to the amount of foreign exchange inflows associated with theinvestment; or(d) to restrict sales of goods or services in its territory that the investment produces orsupplies by relating those sales in any way to the volume or value of its exports orforeign exchange earnings.3. (a) Nothing in paragraph 2 shall be construed to prevent a Party from conditioningthe receipt or continued receipt of an advantage, in connection with an investmentof an investor of a Party or of a non-Party in its territory, on compliance with arequirement to locate production, supply a service, train or employ workers,construct or expand particular facilities, or carry out research and development, inits territory.(b) Paragraphs 1(f), 1(h) and 1(i) shall not apply:(i) if a Party authorises use of an intellectual property right in accordancewith Article 3126of the TRIPS Agreement, or to measures requiring thedisclosure of proprietary information that fall within the scope of, and areconsistent with, Article 39 of the TRIPS Agreement; or25 A “licence contract” referred to in this subparagraph means any contract concerning the licensing of technology,a production process, or other proprietary knowledge.26 The reference to “Article 31” includes any waiver or amendment to the TRIPS Agreement implementing paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health (WT/MIN (01)/DEC/2).。
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《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》官方版翻译全文发布《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》内容摘要（根据美国贸易代表办公室公布内容翻译）第一章初始条款和总定义第二章货物贸易第三章纺织品和服装第四章原产地规则第五章海关管理与贸易便利化第六章卫生和植物卫生措施第七章技术性贸易壁垒第八章贸易救济第九章投资第十章跨境服务贸易第十一章金融服务第十二章商务人员临时入境第十三章电信第十四章电子商务第十五章政府采购第十六章竞争政策第十七章国有企业和指定垄断第十八章知识产权第十九章劳工第二十章环境第二十一章合作和能力建设第二十二章竞争力和商务便利化第二十三章发展第二十四章中小企业第二十五章监管一致性第二十六章透明度和反腐败第二十七章管理和机制条款第二十八章争端解决第二十九章例外第三十章最终条款第一章初始条款和总定义TPP缔约方间已存在很多协定。
初始条款和总定义章节确认TPP可与缔约方间的其他国际贸易协定并存，包括WTO协定、双边和区域协定等。
本章还对协定各章通用的概念进行了定义。
第二章货物贸易TPP缔约方同意取消或削减工业品的关税和非关税壁垒，以及农产品的关税和其它限制性政策。
TPP提供的优惠市场准入，将在拥有8亿人口的市场中促进缔约方间贸易增长，并为12个缔约方创造高质量的就业机会。
绝大部分工业品关税将立即取消，部分产品将享受更长的降税期。
各方达成的具体关税削减安排已包含在涵盖所有产品的关税减让表中。
缔约方将公布所有关税和其它与货物贸易相关的信息，确保中小企业能和大企业一样受益于TPP。
各国还同意限制本地生产等实绩要求，不实行与WTO规定不一致的进出口税收和限制措施，包括针对再制造产品的措施。
若TPP缔约方维持进出口许可要求，他们会将相关程序告知其他缔约方，从而提高透明度，便利贸易往来。
在农产品方面，各方将取消或削减关税和其它限制性政策，促进区域内农产品贸易，确保食品安全。
除取消或削减关税外，TPP缔约方同意推动政策改革，包括削减农业出口补贴，与WTO一同制定约束出口国国营贸易企业和出口信贷的规则，以及约束粮食出口限制政策可使用的时间，从而为本区域提供更有保障的粮食安全。
TPP缔约方还就加强农业生物技术相关活动的透明度和合作达成一致。
第三章纺织品和服装TPP缔约方同意取消纺织品和服装关税，这一产业是多个TPP缔约方经济增长的重要贡献部门。
绝大多数产品关税将立即取消，一些敏感产品关税削减将经历更长的过渡期。
本章还确定了要求使用缔约方区域内的纱线和纤维织物作为原材料的原产地规则，这将促进区域内的供应链和投资融合。
仅对"短缺清单"中的产品，允许使用非缔约方供应的特定纱线和纤维织物作为原材料。
此外，本章还包括针对打击偷逃关税和走私行为的海关合作和执行安排，以及应对进口激增可能对国内产业造成严重损害或严重损害威胁的纺织品特殊保障措施。
第四章原产地规则为保证原产地规则的简洁性，促进区域供应链，确保TPP缔约方而不是非缔约方成为协定的主要受益者，TPP缔约方制定了一套统一的原产地规则，确定某项产品是否有资格享受TPP优惠关税。
TPP规定了"累积规则"，一般而言，在某一TPP缔约方生产产品时，任一TPP缔约方提供的原材料将与来自其它TPP缔约方的原材料同等看待。
TPP缔约方还制定了一套通行原产地确认体系，以便利本区域内的商业运营。
进口商只要能提供证明，就能享受优惠关税。
此外，本章规定了相关主管部门对原产地声明的认证程序。
第五章海关管理与贸易便利化作为WTO贸易便利化工作的补充，TPP缔约方就促进贸易便利化、提高海关程序透明度以及确保海关管理一致性等规则达成一致。
这些规则将通过便捷的海关和边境程序，促进区域供应链，来推动包括中小企业在内的商业发展。
TPP缔约方同意提高透明度，包括公布海关法规，及时验放货物，在税费未定时允许通过交纳保证金验放等。
他们还同意加强海关估价和其它领域的预裁定，帮助各种规模企业发展，增加贸易的可预见性。
他们还就海关处罚原则达成一致，确保处罚的公正和透明。
鉴于快运对包括中小企业在内的商业部门至关重要，TPP缔约方同意为快运提供加急海关程序。
为打击走私和偷逃关税，TPP缔约方同意应其他缔约方要求提供相关信息，协助各国执法。
第六章卫生和植物卫生措施在制定卫生与植物卫生规则方面，TPP缔约方对于以科学为基础、确保透明非歧视的规则有共同利益，同时重申各自在本国保护人类、动植物生命或健康的权利。
TPP以WTO的SPS规则为基础，确保风险识别与管理对贸易造成的限制不超过必要的水平。
TPP允许公众就拟议的SPS措施发表意见，确保公众的决策权，并确保贸易商理解其需遵守规则的合理性。
各方同意，进口检查项目应基于进口产品风险，且不应不当延误。
各方还同意，在通知所有其它缔约方的前提下，一方为保护人类、动植物生命和健康可采取紧急措施。
实施紧急措施的一方应在六个月内审议措施的科学依据，并应要求将审议结果告知其它任何缔约方。
此外，缔约方还同意改善与等效性和区域化相关的信息交换，并推动系统性审计，以评估出口方监管控制的有效性。
为快速解决缔约方出现的SPS问题，各方同意建立政府间磋商机制。
第七章技术性贸易壁垒在制订技术性贸易壁垒规则方面，TPP缔约方同意以透明、非歧视的原则拟订技术法规、标准和合格评定程序，同时保留TPP缔约方实现合法政策目标的能力。
各方同意通过合作确保技术法规和标准不增设不必要的贸易壁垒。
为降低交易成本，特别是小企业的交易成本，各方同意建立便利TPP缔约方评估机构间对合格评定结果进行互认的规则，使企业更容易进入TPP市场。
根据TPP的规定，各方允许公众就拟议的技术法规、标准和合格评定程序发表意见，使其获知规制程序，确保贸易商了解其所需遵守的规则。
各方还同意在技术法规出台与合格评定程序实施之间有合理的时间间隔，使企业有充分的时间适应新规定。
此外，TPP还针对化妆品、医疗器械、药品、信息与通讯技术产品、红酒和精馏酒精、预包装食品和食品添加剂配方、有机农产品等特定产品的规制拟定了专门的附件，以推动区域内立法路径的一致性。
第八章贸易救济贸易救济章节在不影响缔约方WTO权利和义务的前提下，通过对最佳实践的认可，提高了贸易救济程序的透明度和程序正当性。
本章规定了过渡性保障机制，允许缔约方在特定时段内，针对因TPP实施关税削减引发进口激增导致对国内产业的严重损害，实施过渡性保障措施。
这些措施实施期至多可达两年，并可延长一年，但若超过一年则必须逐步实现自由化。
保障措施的实施方必须遵守通知和磋商要求。
本章还要求保障措施的实施方提供各方均同意的补偿。
各方不可同一时间就同一产品实施超过一项TPP 规定的保障措施。
各方不可对关税配额产品进口实施保障措施。
对于在WTO框架下实施的保障措施，若来自TPP缔约方的产品进口并非造成严重损害或损害威胁的原因，则可予以排除。
第九章投资TPP缔约方拟定的规则要求以非歧视投资政策与保护为法律保护的基本规则，同时保障各缔约方政府实现合法公共政策目标的能力。
TPP包含了其他投资相关协定提供的基本保护内容，包括国民待遇、最惠国待遇、符合习惯国际法原则的最低待遇标准，禁止非公共目的、无正当程序、无补偿的征收，禁止当地成分、技术本地化要求等实绩要求，任命高管不受国籍限制，保证投资相关资金自由转移，但允许各缔约方政府保留管理脆弱资金流动的灵活性，包括在国际收支危机、威胁、或其它经济危机背景下，通过非歧视的临时保障措施（譬如资本控制）限制与投资相关的资金转移，维护金融体系完整性、稳定性等。
TPP各方采用"负面清单"，意味着除不符措施外，市场将对外资全面开放。
不符措施包括两个附件：一个是确保现有措施不再加严，且未来自由化措施应是具有约束力的；第二个是保留在未来完全自由裁量权的政策措施。
本章还为投资争端提供了中立、透明的国际仲裁机制，同时通过有力的措施防止这一机制被滥用，确保政府出于健康、安全和环境保护目的进行立法的权利。
程序性的保护措施包括：透明的仲裁程序，法律之友意见书，非争端方意见书，无理滥诉快速审理和可要求赔偿的律师费，临时裁决的审议程序，TPP缔约方间有约束力的共同解释，提出诉求的时效，以及禁止起诉方启动平行诉讼程序等。
第十章跨境服务贸易考虑到TPP缔约方间服务贸易日益重要，12国对推动区域内自由贸易有共同利益。
TPP包括了WTO和其它贸易协定包含的核心义务：国民待遇；最惠国待遇；市场准入，即要求TPP缔约方不得对服务提供实施数量限制（例如限制服务提供者或交易数量），或要求特定的法律实体或合资企业；当地存在，即不要求来自另一国的服务提供者以建立办事处、隶属机构或成为居民作为提供服务的前提条件。
TPP缔约方以"负面清单"的形式接受上述义务，这意味着，缔约方市场向其他TPP缔约方服务提供者完全开放，但不包括协定两个附件中任一规定的例外（不符措施），即（1）现有措施，一方接受该类措施在未来不再加严的义务，并锁定未来任何自由化措施；以及（2）一方在未来保留完全自由裁量权的部门和政策。
TPP缔约方还同意以合理、客观、公正的方式实施普遍适用的管理方式，接受对新服务规则制订的透明度要求。
本章的优惠不适用于空壳公司或由TPP缔约方禁止交易的非缔约方控制的服务提供者。
TPP允许与跨境服务提供有关的资金自由转移。
此外，本章还包括一个快递服务附件，以及一个鼓励各方就专业服务资质互认和其它管制事项开展合作的附件。
第十一章金融服务TPP的金融服务章节为各缔约方提供了重要的跨境及投资市场准入机会，同时也确保了各缔约方监管本国金融市场和金融机构，以及在危机时期采取紧急措施的能力。
本章包含了其他贸易协定中涵盖的核心义务，包括：国民待遇、最惠国待遇、市场准入、以及包括最低标准待遇在内的投资章节条款。
协定规定TPP缔约方金融服务提供商无需在另一缔约方设立运营机构即可向其境内提供服务，除非出于适当管理和监督的需要，该服务提供商须在另一缔约方注册或者得到授权。
只要一缔约方的国内企业被允许提供某项新服务，其他TPP缔约方的服务提供商可以向该缔约方境内提供该服务。
TPP缔约方以"负面清单"的形式接受上述义务，这意味着，缔约方市场向其他TPP缔约方服务提供者完全开放，但不包括协定两个附件中任一规定的例外（不符措施），即（1）现有措施，一方接受该类措施在未来不再加严的义务，并锁定未来任何自由化措施；以及（2）一方在未来保留完全自由裁量权的部门和政策。
TPP制定的规则正式承认监管程序对加速有资质的服务提供者提供的保险服务，以及为实现该目的实施的程序的重要性。
此外，TPP协定还包含了证券管理、电子支付卡服务以及信息传输与数据处理服务等领域的具体承诺。