第1部分 专题5 考法2 句法错误
2019年高考英语大二轮复习课件：专题五第一节词法错误(共47张PPT)
3．原则稳定。 短文改错主要遵循以下原则：句意保持不变，改动 最少；虚词以添加或删除为主；实词以改变词形为主。
1．通读全文，掌握大意。 短文改错题的语篇意识年年在强化，错误常常“隐 藏”在短文中，因此非常有必要首先浏览全文，把握好 文章的“基调和要素”，如时态语态、人称、事件过 程、结果等。这为改正文中的错误奠定了坚实的基础。
卷 Ⅰ 2017 卷 Ⅱ 卷 Ⅲ
1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
卷 Ⅰ
2016 卷 Ⅱ 卷 Ⅲ
3．逐句分析，把握结构。 牢记短文改错口诀：动词形，名词数，还要注意形 和副；非谓语动词细辨别，习惯用法记心中；句子成分 多分析，逻辑错误需关注。对于句子的分析，切记不可 分隔开来，尤其是对于复合句，要把其作为一个整体进 行分析，这样有助于发现一些连接词类、逻辑关系类和 搭配类错误。
4．对照答案，复读全文。 注意检查修正后的文章是否意思通畅，结构完整。 要认真对照答案，从头到尾通读一遍，进一步加深对文 章的理解，注意前后联系、时态语态、人称一致等问 题。对无把握的题目，考生要根据对文章信息的整合， 试着从上下文、语感、语法和词义等多角度来进行分析 和推断。
第一节 词法错误
高考命题点
动词 时态、语态、非谓语动词、 情态动词和虚拟语气
名词 词 法 形容词、副 原级、比较级、最高级 错 词 误 冠词 不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词 介词 基本用法、固定搭配
可数不可数、单数还是复数、 是否需要所有格
词性误用
形容词和副词、形容词与名 词、名词与动词
2 第二讲 句法类错误
第二讲句法类错误考点1主谓一致误用[典例1](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.[考场思维](1)根据and之前的is，可判断include的时态。
(2)找出include的主语：that。
(3)尝试解答：include→includes[典例2](浙江卷)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.[考场思维](1)主谓判断：主语是we；谓语动词应该使用复数。
(2)尝试解答：was→were[过关检测]1．She took the lift to the eleventh floor, and the secretary showed her where her desk and her computer was.was→were 2．(2019·长春外国语学校第二次质量检测)You are the most considerate person who know exactly what I need in our class.know→knows 3．(2019·甘肃兰州一中高三月考)Each student learn a foreign language, mostly English, from Day One of their compulsory education.learn→learns 4．My village lie in the mountains in southwest China.lie→lies 5．I, together with him, were going to do just what we had discussed.were→was 6．Selling newspapers not only makes some money but also give us some working experience during the summer vacation.give→gives [技法点金]1．判断主谓语是关键①可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。
error correction 第一讲句型错误
Error Correction
Types of errors
1. The sentence fragment
A grammatically complete sentence has a verb with its subject. Structurally it must be an independent unit, capable of standing alone. The sentence fragment means simply that dependent units （ 从 句 ） such as phrases, clauses, appositives 同 位 语 and other such groups of words are not sentences and should not be written as sentences. （片段句）
误用平行句法
• 误用平行句法指用平行结构来表达并非 平行的思想内容。这是应该避免的修辞 上的毛病。不能将which或who引导的从 句用and 与主句相联。关联连词 (both…and，either…or等)只能用于联接 句中起同一语法作用的平行成分。
Types of errors
5. The shift in point of view
Identify the errors in the following sentences and correct them
高考句法错误
1.The more friends we have, the more we can learn from one another, but the more pleasure we can share together. (2014)2.They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon .(2014)3.My father is?hardworking but goes to work in the field every day.(2013)4.He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful. (2013)5.What's more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week, and we can also buy smaller cars that bum less oil.(2012)6.It was a chance of a lifetime to win the first prize in the Story Writing Show. All I had to do was to write a story or present it.(2010)7.The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has given way toa supermarket. Besides the bookstore next to our middle school is still there.(2009)8. I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon，and I was held up on my way back. (2009)9.I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light . (2006)8.I’d like to stay there for half a month, visiting places of interest or practicing my English as well.(2008)1.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problem. (2014)2.He said if I decide to do something, it takes him much times to stop me. ? This is how I need to improve in the future. (2013)?3.In fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.(2013)4. Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.(2013)5.But before long, they began to see which was happening.(2012)6. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and thenI realized that someone had stolen it. (2011)7.My teachers had been telling me how great my writing was. So if what they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize .9.I was only about six that he held his hand out to mine. (2007)10.I looked at his other hand. “But Grandpa, what do you have more lines on that one?” (2007)11.My school is organizing a basketball team and there’s just a chance which I can join it.(2007)12.They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning . (2006)答案1.The more friends we have, the more we can learn from one another, but the more pleasure we can share together. (2014)1.The more friends we have, the more we can learn from one another, but the more pleasure we can share together. 85. and(2014)2.They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon .(2014)2.There are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon .(2014)3.My father is?hardworking but goes to work in the field every day.(2013)3.My father is?hardworking and goes to work in the field every day.(2013)4.He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful. (2013)4.He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town,and he was strong and powerful. (2013)5.What's more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week, and we can alsobuy smaller cars that bum less oil.(2012)5.What's more, we can go to work by bike once or twice a week, and we can also buy smaller cars that bum less oil.(2012)6.It was a chance of a lifetime to win the first prize in the Story Writing Show. All I had to do was to write a story or present it.(2010)6.It was a chance of a lifetime to win the first prize in the Story Writing Show. All I had to do was to write a story and present it.(2010)7.The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has given way toa supermarket. Besides the bookstore next to our middle school is still there.(2009)7.The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has given way toa supermarket. But the bookstore next to our middle school is still there.(2009)8. I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon，and I was held up on my way back. (2009)8. I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon，but I was held up on my way back. (2009)9.I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light . (2006)9.I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door and turn on the light . (2006)1.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problem. (2014)1.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, we have never had any disease or insect attack problem. but/yet(2014)2.He said if I decide to do something, it takes him much times to stop me. ? This is how I need to improve in the future. (2013)2.He said if I decide to do something, it takes him much times to stop me. ? This is what/where I need to improve in the future.(2013)3.In fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.(2013)3.In fact, he even scared my classmates away when they came over to play or do homework with me.(2013)4. Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.(2013)4. Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.(2013)5.But before long, they began to see which was happening.(2012)5.But before long, they began to see what was happening.(2012)6. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and thenI realized that someone had stolen it. (2011)6.I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and thenI realized that someone had stolen it. (2011)7.My teachers had been telling me how great my writing was. So if what they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize .7.My teachers had been telling me how great my writing was. So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize . (2010)8.I’d like to stay there for half a month, visiting places of interest or practicing my English as well.(2008)8.I’d like to stay there for half a month, visiting places of interest and practicing my English as well. (2008)9.I was only about six that he held his hand out to mine. (2007)9.I was only about six that he held his hand out to mine. (2007)10.I looked at his other hand. “But Grandpa, what do you have more lines on that one?” (2007)10.I looked at his other hand. “But Grandpa, wh y do you have more lines on thatone?” (2007)11.My school is organizing a basketball team and there’s just a chance which I can join it.(2007)11.My school is organizing a basketball team and there’s just a chance that I can join it.(2007)12.They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning . (2006)12.They did not want breakfast because they were going out early in the morning . (2006)1.The more friends we have, the more we can learn from one another, but the more pleasure we can share together. (2014)1.The more friends we have, the more we can learn from one another, but the more pleasure we can share together. 85. and(2014)2.They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon .(2014)2.There are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon .(2014)3.My father is?hardworking but goes to work in the field every day.(2013)3.My father is?hardworking and goes to work in the field every day.(2013)4.He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town, he wasstrong and powerful. (2013)4.He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town,and he was strong and powerful. (2013)5.What's more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week, and we can also buy smaller cars that bum less oil.(2012)5.What's more, we can go to work by bike once or twice a week, and we can also buy smaller cars that bum less oil.(2012)6.It was a chance of a lifetime to win the first prize in the Story Writing Show. All I had to do was to write a story or present it.(2010)6.It was a chance of a lifetime to win the first prize in the Story Writing Show. All I had to do was to write a story and present it.(2010)7.The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has given way toa supermarket. Besides the bookstore next to our middle school is still there.(2009)7.The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has given way toa supermarket. But the bookstore next to our middle school is still there.(2009)8. I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon，and I was held up on my way back. (2009)8. I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon，but I was held up on my way back. (2009)9.I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light . (2006)9.I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door and turn on the light . (2006)1.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problem. (2014)1.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, we have never had any disease or insect attack problem. but/yet(2014)2.He said if I decide to do something, it takes him much times to stop me. ? This is how I need to improve in the future. (2013)2.He said if I decide to do something, it takes him much times to stop me. ? This is what/where I need to improve in the future.(2013)3.In fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.(2013)3.In fact, he even scared my classmates away when they came over to play or do homework with me.(2013)4. Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.(2013)4. Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.(2013)5.But before long, they began to see which was happening.(2012)5.But before long, they began to see what was happening.(2012)6. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and thenI realized that someone had stolen it. (2011)6.I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and thenI realized that someone had stolen it. (2011)7.My teachers had been telling me how great my writing was. So if what they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize .7.My teachers had been telling me how great my writing was. So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize . (2010)8.I’d like to stay there for half a month, visiting places of interest or practicing my English as well.(2008)8.I’d like to stay there for half a month, visiting places of interest and practicing my English as well. (2008)9.I was only about six that he held his hand out to mine. (2007)9.I was only about six that he held his hand out to mine. (2007)10.I looked at his other hand. “But Grandpa, what do you have more lines on that one?” (2007)10.I looked at his other hand. “But Grandpa, wh y do you have more lines on that one?” (2007)11.My school is organizing a basketball team and there’s just a chance which I can join it.(2007)11.My school is organizing a basketball team and there’s just a chance that I can join it.(2007)12.They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning . (2006)12.They did not want breakfast because they were going out early in the morning . (2006)。
考研写作常见错误分析（5）
考研写作常见错误分析（5）逻辑不够严密1) a. Though it gives us more convenience, the two-day weekend has quite a few problems.b. Though it gives us more convenience, the two-day weekend has also given rise to quite a few problems.2) a. Some students who are interested in social work can join many clubs.b. Students who are interested in campus activities can join different clubs.3) a. I take CET-6 not only for passing the test, but for improving my English.b. I take CET-6 not only for passing the test, but for further improving my English.4) a. With the increasing number of population and factories, the amount of the fresh water in use is also growing rapidly.b. With the growth of population and industry, the amount of the fresh water used is also growing rapidly.5) a. They recite words at the very moment and after some time...b. They try to memorize words at the very moment they come across them and review them time and again...6) a. Otherwise, y ou suffer from it, because you can’t exert your every effort in your job.b. Otherwise, you suffer from it, because you have got no motivation to exert your every effort in your job.7) a. Almost everyone of us has bought some fake commodities.b. Almost everyone of us has had the experience of buyingfake commodities.8) a. Of course, some people have had good luck through “lucky numbers”, butI think that that is only a chance.b. Of course, some people think they have had good luck through “lucky numbers”, but I think that that is only a chance.9) a. Have you ever wondered that numbers would associate with your luck?b. Have you ever wondered whether numbers would associate with your luck?II.句法错误主谓一致1) a. But now large amounts of water and air has been polluted, which brings about various problems troubling man’s life.b. But now large amounts of water and air have been polluted, which brings about various problems troubling their life.2) a. My ideal job is a teacher.b. My ideal job is to be an excellent teacher.-重复1) a. Man is faced with more and more problems which threaten man’s existence on Earth.b. Man is faced with more and more problems which threaten his existence on Earth.2) a. People’s opinions about whether firecrackers should be banned vary from person to person.b. Opinions about whether firecrackers should be banned vary from person to person.3) a. During the past thirty years, developing countries have been greatly developed in many aspects.b. During the past thirty years, developing countries have made great progress in many aspects.B. 从句-定语从句1) a. We may encounter some problems which need not only natural science but also social science.b. We may encounter some problems whose solution involves knowledge not only of natural science but also of social science.2) a. What on earth is the role money playing in our society?b. What on earth is the role money plays in our society?3) a. When I refresh, I will do something which I like.b. When I relax, I will do something (that) I like.C. 倒装句1) a. Only in this way, you can get the true job of achieving your goals.b. Only in this way, can you get the true job of achieving your goals.D. 句子的连接与简练-句子的连接1) a. Motorcycles are much cheaper and consume much less oil than cars. But they can run at the same speed as cars.b. Motorcycles are much cheaper and consume much less oil than cars, butthey can run as fast as cars.2) a. Second, whoever breaks the regulation should be fined or punished. Then everyone will comply with this regulation.b. Second, whoever breaks the regulation should be fined or punished so that everyone will comply with this regulation.3) a. Some persons thought the law is no good. Because theythink setting off firecrackers is a beneficial thing.b. Some persons think the law is no good because they regard setting off firecrackers as a beneficial thing.4) a. First, passing CET-4 only means that you have the ability to read, write, speak and listen to simple English, you are far from good at English.b. First, passing CET-4 only means that you have the ability to read, write, speak and listen to simple English, and you are far from good at English.5) a. And with the society developing, we need more and more fresh water to meet the needs of industries, of increasing population.b. And with the society developing, we need more and more fresh water to meet the needs of industries and the increasing population.6) a. Second, scientists must work even harder to purify sea water, polluted water and try to find substitutes in industry to reduce the use of fresh water.b. Second, scientists must work even harder to purify sea water and polluted water, and try to find substitutes to reduce the use of fresh water.7) a. Furthermore, people’s living conditions are improv ed in these years. People can keep good health in these conditions.b. Furthermo re, people’s living conditions are improved in recent years, which means better health.8) a. The result is that your brain is less and less efficient, your process is slower and slower.b. The result is that your brain is less and less efficient, and your process is slower and slower.9) a. Community services as well as mass media are bothgolden chances to practice our ability, through which we can learn to cooperate with people, to contribute our intelligence to the society.b. Community services is a golden chance to use our ability, through which we can learn to cooperate with people and contribute our intelligence to society.10) a. But in fact, there are also many people who think numbers have nothing to do with luck.b. But there are also many people who think that numbers, in fact, have nothing to do with luck.11) a. Good numbers bring good luck is a false conclusion.b. That certain numbers bring good luck is a completely false conclusion.-指代不明1) a. Every day, after they have finished their work in the big city, they come back to their comfortable house by bus or by train, just as they usually do in holidays.b. Every day, after they have finished their work in the big city, they come back to their comfortable house in the satellite by bus or by train, just as they usually do in holidays.2) a. It provides us with natural scenes and the life of all kinds of wild animals, with the explanation by the narrator.b. It provides us with views of natural scenes and a look of the life style of all kinds of wild animals, with an explanation by the narrator.3) a. These elements differ a lot from one another.b. These elements differ a lot from one person to another.4) a. Finally, I want to teacher the students all that I know and help them to work better for our country in the future.b. Finally, I want to teacher the students all that I know andhelp them to develop their potential so that they can work better for our country in the future.5) a. Job-hopping, therefore, is not practical to them, because one would be taken as a sheer idiot out of his domain and into other’s profession.b. Job-hopping, therefore, is not practical to them, because one could be taken as a sheer idiot once he left his domain and ventured into another profession.6) a. People are getting richer, and also the living condition is getting better, but some people are not satisfied with the present condition, which they thought would be like heaven a few years ago.b. A lot of people are getting richer, and their living conditions are getting better. But still some of them are not satisfied. They dream of getting rich overnight and living a heavenly life, which, of course, is impossible to achieve by fair means.7) a. We can find fake Nike shoes, fake Panasonic recorders, fake Philips electronic facilities, even fake video CDs everywhere.b. Everywhere we go, we can find fake Nike shoes, fake Panasonic recorders, fake Philips electronic facilities, even fake VCDs and so on.-简练的表达1) a. As I had nothing to do, I decided to take a morning walk. So I went to the park.b. As I had nothing to do, I decided to take a walk to the park.2) a. As far as my ideal job is concerned, I think I want to be an interpreter in the future.b. As far as my ideal job is concerned, I want to be an interpreter.3) a. Some want to be doctors, some want to be teachers, some want to be engineers, and so on.b. Some want to be doctors, some want to be teachers, and some want to be engineers.4) a. These fake commodities’ quality is always very poor. They may cause a great loss to the consumers, or even the life.b. As the quality of the fake commodities is always very poor, they may cause great damage to the consumers, or even endanger their lives.5) a. For instance the so-called lucky number “8” is widel y used now. Some people think that “8” can bring good luck.b. For instance the so-called lucky number “8” is widely used now because it is believed to bring good fortune.多余的表达，重复表达1) a. So far as I am concerned, the program called “ZhengdaZongyi” on c hannel two every Saturday evening is my favorite one during the weekend.b. As far as I am concerned, the program called “ZhengdaZongyi” on channel two every Saturday evening is my favorite TV program.2) a. There is no consensus of opinion among people as to the views on opportunity.b. There is no consensus among people as to the views on opportunity.3) a. In our society, some people think certain numbers can bring them good luck.b. Some people think certain numbers can bring them good luck.III. 时态的误用（现在、过去、进行、完成及将来时）1) a. When I walked in the street, there were only some youngmen who were running in the street.b. While I was walking , I found that there were only some young men running in the street.2) a. We still have time if we act just now.b. We still have time if we act right now.-完成时态1) a. With the opening of our country toward the world in recent years, English becomes more and more important.b. With the opening of our country toward the world in recent years, English has become more and more important.1) a. I have bought a tape recorder with which I can practise my ability of listening comprehension.b. I bought a tape recorder with which I was able to improve my ability in listening comprehension.2) a. Do you have a feeling that the world is getting smaller and smaller although the size of the earth doesn’t change?b. Do you have a feeling that the world is getting smaller and smaller although the actual size of the earth hasn’t change?3) a. One is that the economy has developed quickly during the past years. This allowed the government to put more money in the health care program.b. One is that the economy has developed quickly during the past years. This has allowed the government to put more money in the health care program.-将来时1) a. The need for more jobs makes us develop our industries.b. The need for more jobs will make us develop our industries.-过去时的乱用&误用1) a. This is what we called the problem of population explosion.b. This is what we call the problem of population explosion.2) a. I admired scientists when I was a little child, for they knew a lot.b. I admired scientists when I was a little child, for they knowa lot.3) a. Firecrackers did bring us happiness as well as tears.b. Firecrackers do bring us happiness as well as tears.-时态一致1) a. Man has lived in this world for thousands of years. They fight against nature from time to time and they survive.b. Human beings have lived in this world for thousands of years. Theyhave fought against nature from time to time and they have survived.2) a. The rain makes the roads muddy, and often resulted in car accident.b. The rain makes the roads muddy, and often results in car accident.3) a. You are not to be supervised every hour by your employers. And you are not frequently told what to do or how to do.b. You are not supervised every hour by your employers. And you are notfrequently told what to do or how to do it.IV. 条件&虚拟1) a. Most of us may have such experiences: when you go to some place far away from the city you live in and think you know nobody there, you are surprised to find that you should run into one of old classmates on the street! Perhaps both of you would cry out, “What a small world!”b. Most of us have had such an experience which reminds us the world is shrinking. Perhaps when you went to some place far away from the city you live in and thought you knew nobody there, you were surprised to find that you ran into one of old classmates on the street! Perhaps both of you cried out, “W hata small world!”2) a. So it is high time that we should spare no efforts to get to know the world outside the campus right now.b. So it is high time that we spared no efforts to get to know the world outside the campus right now.3) a. If there were no electric power, the world would be a totally different one. First of all, almost all the machines had to stop running and we had to use our hands to produce goods. In the evening, we had to live in darkne ss and we couldn’t play or work. The development o f our modern life had to slow down or even stop.b. If there were no electric power, the world would be a totally different one. First of all, almost all the machines would have to stop running and we have to produce goods by hand. In the evening, we would have to live in darkness and couldn’t play or work. The development of our modern life would be slowed down or even stop.4) a. If more bus routes were opened up, the number of bicycles and cars in the streets will be controlled.b. If more bus routes were opened up, the number of bicycles and cars in the streets would be controlled.V. 标点错误&首字母大写错误1) a. I wandered around the park, to my delight, I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in the southeast corner of the park.(句号)b. I wandered around the park. To my delight, I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in the southeast corner of the park.。
专题1 语法填空与短文改错 第1节 题型二 短文改错
题型二短文改错命题特点短文改错主要考查语法基础知识，语篇通常取材于考生自己的习作或类似于考生的随笔，且话题常见，篇章结构的难易程度符合高中生的认知水平，即通俗易懂，基本上无生僻的语言障碍和怪、偏、难的语法结构。
短文词数通常与书面表达一样，也是100词左右。
设题从词法、句法和语篇三个角度考查。
解题原则：错_、加、删。
多、缺词的数量为2～3个，思考点为be的各种形式、介词、冠词、不定式符号、三大从句引导词、代词、副词、固定搭配中的虚词等；错词数量为7～8个，思考点为连词、三大从句引导词、动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词等。
三大着眼点：词法[动词][形容词和副词]注意：由过去分词和现在分词转化的形容词的错用[名词] [代词][冠词][介词]注意：不及物动词后少用介词词性误用形容词与副词、形容词与名词、名词与动词句法注意：there be句型与特殊句式行文逻辑1.时态一致、主谓一致。
2.指代一致：人称是否一致、单复数是否一致以及前后指代是否一致。
3.逻辑一致：逻辑词的错用(besides，however，therefore)。
1．两大原因改不对短文改错失分原因主要体现在以下两个方面：(1)句子结构成分分析能力不足，常见考点不熟；(2)做题信息提炼，分析解决问题能力差：第一遍，走马观花；第二遍，雾里看花；第三遍，草木皆兵；第四遍，滥杀无辜。
2．四大原则须坚持(1)改动处以最少为原则。
短文改错题要求每句最多有两处错误。
改动的方法可以是增词、删词或换词，但无论作何种改动，只能是增加一词、减少一词或将一个词改成另一个词。
(2)实词以改变词形为原则。
在短文改错题中，一般只是改变实词的形式，而不能改变实词的词义，也不能将其改换成另一个实词，更不能随便增删。
(3)虚词以添加或删除为原则。
历年的短文改错题中需要添加或删除的地方差不多有2至3处。
这些需要添加或删除的词一般都是虚词(如冠词、介词等)，而不是实词(如动词、名词等)，否则会改变句子的原意。
2021年新高考全国Ⅰ卷语法填空答题错因分析
2021年新高考全国Ⅰ卷语法填空答题错因分析作者：杨华新来源：《广东教育（高中）》2021年第07期笔者有幸参加了2021年高考评卷，发现考生答题错误，主要有以下八种情况。
一、句型混淆，成分混乱拿第56题为例，整句有2个is，可判断issobreathtakingabouttheexperience应是主语从句的系表部分，而所填的词应能引导从句，且在从句中充当主语，指物，故填What。
但不少考生看到...issobreathtaking...，误以为是考查主语从句Itis+adj.+that...，结果填了It。
二、仅凭经验，过度推断第57题，we和所填的humans是同位语的关系，由we和are可知，此处需填名词human 的复数形式，但受到man-men，woman-women变复数规律的影响，有的考生把humans写成humen。
其实，在高考的语法填空中，名词变复数几乎每年都考，所以笔者提醒2022届的考生，名词变复数除了常见的变化规律外，也要牢记一些特殊的转变形式，如：German-Germans，Roman-Romans，American-Americans，mouse-mice，roof-roofs，proof-proofs，sheep-sheep，deer-deer等。
考生平时应留心关注，烂熟于心，答题时方能做到根据题目要求正确地拼写出该词的恰当形式。
切忌平时疏于记忆，考时只凭模糊印象解题，或按照一般的变化规律作出过度的推断，这都是不可取的。
毕竟，规律外总有特例。
三、词类转换，积累匮乏本套卷中有两空涉及词类转换。
第58题，有相当多的考生把undoubted的转化形式写错了，有的写成了undoubtely，更有甚者把ed一并去掉，再加ly。
由此可见，较多考生对形容词变副词这一规则的掌握是不到位的。
第63题，本是要求把ache变成现在分词aching，来修饰其后的名词legs，但能够正确无误地拼对的考生，为数不多。
专题05：病句的辨析与修改【专项训练】-2020-2021学年八年级语文下学期期中专项复习(部编版)
专题05：病句的辨析与修改1．下列句中没有语病的一项是（）A．上下几千年，知名的书法家很多，但谁也不能否认，王羲之不是继往开来的宗师。
B．琴棋书画，博大精深，玄妙无穷。
它在纵横线条中凝聚哲思，于黑白方圆中演绎热情。
C．虽然好天气让百姓的菜篮子轻松了，却让不少蔬菜批发商、商户和菜农发了愁。
D．当你不去旅行、不去冒险、不过没试过的生活，每天只是挂着QQ，刷着微博，逛着淘宝，干着80岁都能做的事情，那么你要青春有什么用!2．下面句子没有语病的一项是（）A．继承和发扬艰苦朴素的优良传统是我们义不容辞的责任。
B．《银河补习班》火热来袭，不仅叫好却叫座，其火热背后的深层原因值得我们深思。
C．随着智能手机的普及，使得我们周围出现了大量的“低头族”。
D．学习是否努力是决定我们成绩提升的因素之一。
3．下列句子有语病的一项是（）A．通过这次安塞腰鼓的表演活动，我市人民都认识到了弘扬民族文化的重要性。
B．在安塞腰鼓的表演舞台上，变幻的舞台背景让人目不暇接。
C．王老师耐心地纠正并指出了表演中存在的问题，让我受益匪浅。
D．弘扬传统文化一定要避免形式主义。
4．下列句子中没有语病的一项是（）A．有关部门最近发出通知，要求各地在中考期间严防安全不出问题。
B．我反对将儿子送到贵族幼儿园去，希望儿子不毁在优裕的生活环境里，让他从小就具有刚毅、诚实、吃苦耐劳。
C．保障儿童权利是设置儿童节的初衷，这一要义在今天丝毫没有过时，所以仍需要成人时时反思。
D．虽然人生的幕布徐徐拉开，但在少年的眼里，世界和未来都是崭新的充满吸引力的。
5．下列句子中，没有语病的一句是（）A．北京三联韬奋书店24小时营业，让“不打烊”书店成为了一个城市的精神地标。
B．作为信息时代的公民，对扑面而来的海量信息要进行批判性思考和鉴别的能力。
C．我们不能把课堂上的认真听讲、合作交流作为衡量一个学生品德好坏的标准。
D．城市绿化对于改善空气十分重要，它可以吸收二氧化碳和氮氧化物并产生氧气。
2022年高考英语大二轮复习课件：专题五第一节词法错误
动词
时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态 动词和虚拟语气
词
名词
可数不可数、单数还是复数、是 否需要所有格
法 错
形容词、副词
原级、比较级、最高级
误
冠词
不定冠词、定冠词、用
形容词和副词、形容词与名词、 名词与动词
surprise惊讶
卷 Ⅲ
101011211000010000
2017 2016
卷Ⅰ 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 卷Ⅱ 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 卷Ⅲ 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 卷Ⅰ 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 卷Ⅱ 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 卷Ⅲ 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
2022年高考英语大二轮 复习课件：专题五第一
节词法错误
错词
多词、缺词
名 词
冠 词
代 词
介 词
形 容 词
副 词
动 词
非 谓 语 动 词
连 词
引 导 词
情 态 动 词
数 词
冠 词
代 词
介 词
动 词
副 词
连 词
卷 Ⅰ
100021111000102000
2018
卷 Ⅱ
21
1
1
00
1
10
11
0
0
00
1
00
shock震惊
a shock一件(个)令人震惊的事( 人)
success成功 danger危险
第1讲 语法填空词法类错误
返回
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.________________ 解析：ordinarily→ordinary 此处用形容词 ordinary 修饰 名词 cafe。
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I had done my homework, but I was shy. I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people. ________________ 解析：larger→large 此处指一大群人，与上下文无比较 关系。因此将 larger 改为 large。
返回
技巧提炼
1．理清 to 的两种命题方式 (1)多余：感官动词和使役动词(get 除外)后面跟不带 to 的 不定式作宾语补足语。 (2)缺失：有些动词，如 want，decide，plan 等后应接带 to 的不定式作宾语。
2．辨清非谓语动词与谓语动词 句中已有谓语动词，且另一动词不作并列谓语，则只能用 非谓语动词。
返回
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. ________________ 解析：countryside 前加 the go to the countryside 意为“去 农村；去乡下”，是固定搭配。
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考法2| 句法错误 错误1——连接词、从句引导词有误 1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
they→that/which [things是先行词，后面是定语从句，they不能引导定语从句，故用that/which引导。] 2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.
where→that或去掉where [found后为宾语从句，引导词不作句子成分只起连接作用，应用that引导，而且that可省略。 ] 3．(2017·桂林市校际联考)Although we must have a fast step, but I don't think we should have fast food.
去掉but [although或though和but不能同时放在同一个句子里。] 4．(2017·西安市第八十三中学模拟)I was about to leave while the owner of the shop waved at me.
while→when [考查句式be about to do sth. when ...意为“正要做某事，这时……”。] 5．(2017·赤峰市模拟)It's true what honesty is more important than money! what→that [it作形式主语，后面的句子为真正的主语，引导词在从句中无任何意义而且不作任何成分，故应用that。] 6．(2017·临汾一中联考)It's not easy for us to accept the fact which we are going to leave our beloved school.
which→that [the fact后为同位语从句，引导词在从句中无任何意义而且不作任何成分，应用that。] 7．(2017·青岛市模拟)And I'll never forget the days when we spent together.
when→that/which或去掉when [the days后面为定语从句，引导词在从句中作spent的宾语，应用that/which引导，也可省略引导词。] 8．(2017·潍坊实验中学模拟)At 16, I left home to do parttime jobs, where made me understand “East or west, home is the best” better.
where→which [第二个逗号后面为非限制性定语从句，引导词作主语且代替前面的整个句子，故用which引导。] 9．(2017·福州八中质检)No matter how you do, you must do it well even if you may fail many times. how→what [此处应用no matter what引导让步状语从句，其中what作do的宾语。] 10．(2017·湖北省七市联考)So instead of giving us answers immediately, she encourages us to think carefully every time when she puts forward questions.
去掉when [every time引导时间状语从句，when属于多余的词。] 感悟与反思：1. 并列连词在句法上的错误主要有两种情况：①受汉语影响而引起的连词的多余，例如汉语中可以说“尽管……，但是……”，“因为……，所以……”，但是英语中although/though不能与but连用，because不能与so 连用。②常考句式：be doing/be about to do ...when ...中when的应用；“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”中and/or的应用。 2. 从句引导词在句法上的错误主要有四种情况：①状语从句的引导词错误。②状语从句引导词的重复。③定语从句关系代词与关系副词的错用。④名词性从句中连接词、连接代词与连接副词的错用，尤其是连接词that与连接代词what的错用。 错误2——谓语动词有误 1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.
had→have [通过时间状语in the past few years可判定应用现在完成时。] 2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.
using→used [fresh vegetables and high quality oil与use之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。] 3．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Tony was scared and begun to cry.
begun→began [这里是对过去发生的事情的客观叙述，应用一般过去时，故begun应改为began。] 4．(2017·青岛市模拟)Last week, I take part in the Cultural Exchange Week.
take→took [通过last week可判定应用一般过去时。] 5．(2017·长沙市联考)To collect opinions from the public, an online survey has made these days.
has后加been [an online survey与make之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。] 6．(2017·山西大学附中模拟)Next week, I was going to a reception at the City Hall.
was→am [根据next week可判定用一般将来时，故was改为am。] 7．(2017·揭阳市模拟)It was the first time that I have played on the stage. have→had [在It/This be the first/second ...time that ... 句式中，若be为is，则that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时；若be为was，则that从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。] 8．(2017·太原五中模拟)After I elected chairman of the students' union of our school, I decided to start a school English newspaper for us students.
elected前加was [I与elect为被动关系，应用被动语态。] 9．(2017·西安市模拟)In short, learning to regard the challenges of life as a stepping stone to future success and make the best of them.
learning→learn [此处应为祈使句，故learning改为learn。] 【导学号：52384025】 10．(2017·南昌二中模拟)He is continually being told not to do this, not to do that, or being punished for what he had done wrong.
had→has [主句谓语动词的时态为现在进行时，what引导宾语从句，其动作发生在主句表示的动作之前，应用现在完成时。] 感悟与反思：谓语动词错误主要有三种情况：①动词的形式错误：过去式与过去分词错用。②时态、语态的错用：应根据时间状语或逻辑关系判定时态和语态。③误把动词用作非谓语动词。 错误3——非谓语动词有误 1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.
wear→wearing [by doing sth.通过做某事。by为介词，后跟动词ing形式。] 2．(2017·云南师大附中模拟)It was very cold outside but they didn't enter the shop, just stood at the shop window.
stood→standing或逗号后加and [逗号后应为现在分词短语作伴随状语，也可在逗号后加and让didn't enter与stood并列。] 3．(2017·廊坊市质检)Others may argue that uniforms are likely to prevent students from think freely.
think→thinking [介词from后应用动词ing形式作宾语。] 4．(2017·巢湖市模拟)Every day he spends more than one hour examine my homework.
examine→examining [spend time (in) doing sth.花时间做某事，为固定短语。] 5．(2017·蚌埠二中模拟)I am writing to keep you informing of something about the severe situation that they are faced with presently.