第五章-科技英语翻译
unit5科技英语翻译.pdf
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例10：Such considerations make it seem
心 probable that, it free from external influences, 源中 a body would move with constant velocity. 教学资 原译：这样的一些考虑使得一个物体若不受外部 数字 140 影响，就保持恒速运动，似乎是可能的。 省高校 .127. 改译：这些理由似乎表明，如果一个物体不受外 湖南 202.197 力影响，就会一直恒速运动下去。
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五、注意标点符号的处理
转湖化注。意南英省语2汉高0语2校中.1标数9点7字符.1号教2的7学不.1同资4用0源法及中相心互
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翻译的方法
中心 一、一般情况下以直译为主 学资源 对科技英语而言，一方面为防止意译不当引
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心 例1：While it is true that very few old people 源中 are fat, this does not mean that every pound 资 you gain is going to shorten your life. 数字教学140 译文：诚然，长寿人中肥胖者不多，但这并不意 湖南省2高02校.197.127. 味着体重每增加一磅都会缩短人的寿命。
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作湖论作定作业南文业业量一发语形要省：布言式求2高0：：：2校英电≥.11语子0数张9文7幻字.档灯1教，2片7p学，p.t1及3资40w00源～o4rd0中0格词心式
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第五章：科技英语翻译
通过无线电波来发射和接收活动物体的图像
在翻译此类结构时，可以使用以下方法：
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第五章：科技英语翻译——句法特征及翻译方法
1.1 将名词词组转换成汉语句子，如： 1) The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 2) The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor. 这种疗法要想获得成功在很大程度上似乎取决于病人 和医生之间的关系。
除了电压、电阻和电容之外，交流电流还受电感 的影响。
2) In Europe and in North America, tons of fruit and dairy
products are thrown away every year.
在欧洲和北美每年都有成吨成吨的水果和奶制品被 扔掉。
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第五章：科技英语翻译——句法特征及翻译方法
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第五章：科技英语翻译——句法特征及翻译方法
2) Today milk is automatically cooled as soon as it is removed from the cow; it is carried long distances in large refrigerated tanks and then processed and packaged for placement in refrigerated showcases in grocery stores.
科技英语阅读 第五单元文章翻译
稻草建筑材料在未来是否成为可能？露易丝·蒂克尔用稻草修房子并没有为《三只小猪》中的第一只带来任何好处，但是，如果巴斯大学的研究成果被建筑行业所接受的话，那么现代草砖将会成为未来的伟大设计。
说到一个草砖房子，你可能会联想到一个摇摇欲坠的窝棚，它漏水，发出吱吱的响声，随时都会垮塌在地，还带着类似农家的气息。
但是当你踏入BaleHaus的时候，一个被修建于巴斯大学校园里，看起来原始的当代房屋，将会令你吃惊地出展现在你面前，并且，你会发现你无法找到任何一缕稻草。
相反，你在一楼的走廊将会看到一个拥有两间卧室和一个浴室的倒置房子，和楼上一个通风的开放式的生活区。
这就像是从斯堪的纳维亚半岛抵达了萨默赛特郡。
这些由石灰做底泥制成的，干燥稻草捆，原来都是被紧紧捆住并放置于一系列预制好的木质矩形框架结构的墙中的，它们像乐高拼装玩具一样被嵌入一个叫做ModCell 的嵌板中。
这些“草屋”存在的问题似乎并不在于它们并不实用，而是人们意识到它们有点非主流，并且并不是特别耐用。
再加上，这样的草屋很难拿去获得抵押贷款。
巴斯大学BRE的建筑材料创新中心的主管Peter Walker 教授指出，稻草的好处在于：“它是便宜、易于广泛应用的良好绝缘体材料，它被用在房屋建筑上已经好几百年。
”作为整个世界的工业副产品——这些秸秆在谷物收获以后被留下——只要它们不分解，就仍然有效地吸收和固定大气中的碳。
对于建筑行业来说，当前所依赖的材料是无论在生产还是运输上都具有极高的能耗和碳消耗的嵌入式混凝土和砖——因此，稻草可以为解决温室气体排放这一问题提供一个友好的解决方案。
无论这个草屋看上去有多时髦，多现代化还是多环保，你仍然想要知道它是否会在雷电交加的暴风雨中被淋得湿透或者是否会因你打翻的蜡烛，而被被嗖嗖的火焰烧的精光。
Walker 教授和他的研究伙伴公布了他们的研究结果，Dr Katharine Beadle 花费了18个月的时间，通过一个详尽的危险因素清单去测试这个BaleHaus被腐蚀、烧毁、吹倒的可能，到目前为止，这个房子看来似乎是可靠的。
科技英语综合教程第五单元详解Unit Five Wireless Communication
✩Warm-up questions:1. What is the definition of a telephone? What about a mobile phone?2. Do you know how to express the followings in English?•投币电话•信用卡电话•磁卡电话•可视电话•同线电话•人工电话•自动电话•台式电话•墙上电话•按键式电话•拨盘式电话•免提电话机•个人通讯话机•无线电话•移动电话•coin call•credit card call •magnetic card telephone •video phone•party line•manual telephone •automatic telephone •desk phone•wall phone•touch phone•dial phone•handsfree telephone •PCS phone•cordless phone •mobile phones3. How does a mobile phone work?•Mobile telephones are two-way radios. When you receive a call on your mobile phone, the message travels through the telephone network until it reaches a base station close to your phone. The base station then sends out radio waves that are detected by a receiver in your telephone, where the signals are changed back into voice or data.4. What about the future of our mobile phone？Our phone will be faster.Our phone will also connect on faster networks.Our phone will be smarter.Our phone will store more.Our phone will play music we bought elsewhere, or music we bought through our phone.Video phones won't look like baseball bats.TV is coming.Text A Your Next ComputerText Organization (p.144)- Five PartsPart One Paras. 1-3 Part Two Paras. 4-5Part Three Paras. 6-9 Part Four Paras. 10-12Part Five Paras. 13-14✩Part One Paras. 1-3Now people spend cou ntless / many hours using their mobile phone‘s Internet connection to download, check or send messages .Obsolete (L. 3 –introduction) a. no longer in use or no longer useful 已废弃的,过时的Eg.公司计划淘汰这些设备，因为它们已经报废了。
研究生科技英语阅读课文及课文翻译第五章
The end of e-mail ageEmail has had a good run as king of communications. But its reign is over.In its place, a new generation of services is starting to take hold -- services like Twitter and Facebook and countless others vying for a piece of the new world. And just as email did more than a decade ago, this shift promises to profoundly rewrite the way we communicate -- in ways we can only begin to imagine.We all still use email, of course. But email was better suited to the way we used to use the Internet -- logging off and on, checking our messages in bursts. Now, we are always connected, whether we are sitting at a desk or on a mobile phone. The always-on connection, in turn, has created a host of new ways to communicate that are much faster than email, and more fun.Why wait for a response to an email when you get a quicker answer over instant messaging? Thanks to Facebook, some questions can be answered without asking them. You don't need to ask a friend whether she has left work, if she has updated her public'status' on the site telling the world so. Email, stuck in the era of attachments, seems boring compared to services like Google Wave, currently in test phase, which allows users to share photos by dragging and dropping them from a desktop into a Wave, and to enter comments in near real time.Little wonder that while email continues to grow, other types of communication services are growing far faster. In August 2009, 276.9 million people used email across the U.S., several European countries, Australia and Brazil, according to Nielsen Co., up 21% from 229.2 million in August 2008. But the number of users on social-networking and other community sites jumped 31% to 301.5 million people.'The whole idea of this email service isn't really quite as significant anymore when you can have many, many different types of messages and files and when you have this all on the same type of networks,' says Alex Bochannek, curator at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, Calif.So, how will these new tools change the way we communicate? Let's start with the most obvious: They make our interactions that much faster.Years ago, we were frustrated if it took a few days for a letter to arrive. A couple of years ago, we'd complain about a half-hour delay in getting an email. Today, we gripe about it taking an extra few seconds for a text message to go through. In a few months, we may be complaining that our cellphones aren't automatically able to send messages to friends within a certain distance, letting them know we're nearby. (A number of services already do this.)These new services also make communicating more frequent and informal -- more like a blog comment or a throwaway aside, rather than a crafted email sent to one person. No need to spend time writing a long email to your half-dozen closest friends about how your vacation went. Now those friends, if they're interested, can watch it unfold in real time online. Instead of sending a few emails a week to a handful of friends, you can send dozens of messages a day to hundreds of people who know you, or just barely do.Consider Twitter. The service allows users to send 140-character messages to people who have subscribed to see them, called followers. So instead of sending an email to friends announcing that you just got a new job, you can just tweet it for all the people who have chosen to 'follow' you to see. You can create links to particular users in messages by entering @ followed by their user name or send private 'direct messages' through the system by typing d and the user name.Facebook is part of the trend, too. Users post status updates that show up in their friends' 'streams.' They can also post links to content and comment on it. No in-box required.Dozens of other companies, from AOL and Yahoo Inc. to start-ups like Yammer Inc., are building products based on the same theme.David Liu, an executive at AOL, calls it replacing the in-box with 'a river that continues to flow as you dip into it.'But the speed and ease of communication cut both ways. While making communication more frequent, they can also make it less personal and intimate. Communicating is becoming so easy that the recipient knows how little time and thought was required of the sender. Yes, your half-dozen closest friends can read your vacation updates. But so can your 500 other 'friends.' And if you know all these people are reading your updates, you might say a lot less than you would otherwise.Another obvious downside to the constant stream: It's a constant stream.That can make it harder to determine the importance of various messages. When people can more easily fire off all sorts of messages -- from updates about their breakfast to questions about the evening's plans -- being able to figure out which messages are truly important, or even which warrant a response, can be difficult. Information overload can lead some people to tune out messages altogether.Such noise makes us even more dependent on technology to help us communicate. Without software to help filter and organize based on factors we deem relevant, we'd drown in the deluge.Perhaps the biggest change that these email successors bring is more of a public profile for users. In the email world, you are your name followed by a 'dot-com.' That's it. In the new messaging world, you have a higher profile, packed with data you want to share and possibly some you don't.Such a public profile has its pluses and minuses. It can draw the people communicating closer, allowing them to exchange not only text but also all sorts of personal information, even facial cues. You know a lot about the person you are talking to, even before you've ever exchanged a single word.电子邮件作为通信之王经历了飞速发展。
科技英语第5单元词汇讲解
Part1单词解释1. conservation n.保存，保持；节约（自然资源）There is a need for the conservation of trees, or there will soon be no forests.有必要保护树木，否则不久将会没有森林了。
However, conservation alone is not the answer.然而，仅仅靠节约还不是解决问题的办法。
Conservation of water is of great importance in desert areas.沙漠地区实行控制用水非常重要。
Conservation plant 废料再生工厂，废料利用工厂the conservation of energy 能量守恒（定律）2. reserve v.保护，保存，保持；腌制，保存食物The Town Council spent a lot of money to preserve the old castle and other places of historic interest市政委员会花了不少钱来维修那座古城堡和其他古迹。
It is one of the duties of the police to preserve public order.警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。
Salt preserves food from decay. 盐能防止食物腐烂。
preserve peace 维持和平3. restore v. 恢复，使……回复；归还，交还；修复，重建restore law and order 恢复法律和秩序restore a building 修复一座建筑物restore the emperor to the throne 使皇帝重登王位restore the stolen funds 偿还被偷的现款4. merit n. 优点，价值works of considerable merit 很有价值的著作the merits of a case 案件的真情treat someone according to his merits 按某人本身条件（才能）来对待他You may not like him, but he has his merits你也许不喜欢他，不过他也有自己的长处。
实用文体翻译教程(英汉双向)第五章 科技文本的翻译
Recent developments in the utilization of salinity power by reverse electrodialysis and other methods are discussed.
译文: 本文讨论采用逆电渗法和别的方法来利用盐动力的最新进展。 分析： 此句中，名词化结构the utilization of salinity power by reverse electrodialysis and other methods已从具体的行 为过程中抽象出来，形成一个复杂的整体概念，与介词in构 成短语，来修饰developments。如果把它还原为句子的形 式，即“Salinity power is utilized by reverse electrodialysis and other methods.”那么专用科技文体中 的整体概念和抽象性就不复存在了。
因而每个气缸都用一个水套围着，水套形成循环回路的一部 分，由水泵驱使水在回路中不停地流动，并用由外部鼓进的 空气来使水冷却。鼓风用的大型旋转凤扇是由主曲轴带动的， 而在大型电传动内燃机车上，则由辅助电机带动。
4. 大量采用省略结构 对科技英语来说，明确和简练是最基本的要求，为
此就要尽最大可能把句子压缩得短一些，尽量杜绝不必 要的重复，在不影响准确、清晰地表达技术内容的前提 下，能省略的词语尽量省去。因此，大量采用省略句结 构就成为科技英语的另一个突出特点。常见的省略结构 有如下几种：
译文： 经常出现的一种错误是：放置待加工工件时，没有将它与加 工所用的夹具的壁面或侧面之间留出足够的间隙。 分析： 此例中多处使用了后置定语，如过去分词短语quite frequently made、used for it;不定式短语to be machined 以及介词短语between the piece…and walls or sides of the jig…等。
科技英语翻译-第5章
Chapter Five Translation of Numerals, Adj.s & Adv.s
四． 百分数的译法 1．表示增减意义的动词+ by+ n% 这一结构表示净增减，百分数可照译。如： An increase in the oxygen content of coal by 1 percent reduces the calorific value by about 1.7 percent. 煤的含氧量每增加1%，其热值则下降约1.7%。
Chapter Five Translation of Numerals, Adj.s & Adv.s
三、倍数增减的译法：
2.倍数比较的译法 英语中表示倍数比较的句型通常可译为“比……多……倍”、“相当 于……倍”、“是……倍”等。 常用倍数比较表达法及译法有下列4种： A is n times larger than B “A是B的n倍”或“A比B大n－1倍（净增n－ 1倍）” A is n times as large as B “A相当于B的n倍”或“A比B大n－1倍（净 增n－1倍）” A is larger than B by n times? “A是B的n倍(净增n－1倍）” A is n times B “A是B的n倍(净增n－1倍）” Sound travels nearly three times faster in copper than in lead. 声音在铜中传播的速度几乎是在铅中的三倍。 The melting point of this metal is greater than that of copper by approximately 2.5 times. 这种金属的熔点大约比铜高1.5倍。
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第1节翻译练习4This type of furnace uses 4 times more electricity than that type does.这种炉的耗电量是那种炉耗电量的4倍。
This rod is 4 times longer than that one.这根杆比那根长3倍。
The oxygen atom is nearly 16 times as heavy as the hydrogen atom.氧原子的原子量几乎是氢原子量的16倍。
The atomic weight of helium is four times heavier than that of hydrogen.氦原子量比氢原子量重3倍。
In rolling bearing the starting friction is about twice the running friction. 滚动轴承的启动摩擦大概是转动摩擦的2倍。
第1节翻译练习5The leads of the new condenser are shortened by six times.新型电容器的引线缩短了5/6。
The operation of cost decreased by five times.成本运行降至1/5。
The loss of electricity was reduced by a factor of four.电损减少了3/4。
The pipe is four times lighter than that one.这根管子重量是那根的1/4。
第1节翻译练习6Weld strength can be increased by 45 percent.焊接强度可增加45%。
Tests have shown that the energy consuming can be reduced by 30 percent. 试验证明 能量消耗可减低30%。
The loss of energy has been reduced to less than 10 percent.能量损耗可减至不足10%。
Its grain output was 18 percent higher than that in 1998.其粮食产量比1998年高出18%。
The steel output is 30 percent higher than that of last year.钢产比去年增加了30%。
第1节翻译练习7Ten to one, the experiment is unlikely to produce good results.十有八九 这项试验不可能得出好的结果。
These figures show that the improvement of molecular refraction is within a factor of ten.这些数字表明分子折射度的改进值为一个数量级。
5.2 形容词的译法第2节翻译练习1Suitable treatment shall be given as soon as possible to avoid hydrogen embrittlement.尽快予以适当的处理 以免氢蚀脆化。
Complex computer systems are prone to software hitches.复杂的计算机系统容易出现软件故障。
The parts must be very strong so that they may not break in use.零件必须十分坚固 才不会在使用中破损。
This kind of steel becomes very hard and very brittle when hardened.这种钢淬火后就变得很硬很脆。
第2节翻译练习2Hydrogen is about one-fourteenth as dense as air.氢的密度大约是空气密度的1/14。
Helium is a very light gas, only twice as heavy as hydrogen.氦气是一种很轻的气体 重量仅为氢气的2倍。
Ice floats because it is not as dense as water.冰浮起是因为它的密度比水的密度小。
第2节翻译练习3In the thermosciences area, the mechanical engineer is concerned with thermodynamics, fluid me chanics, and heat transfer.在热学领域 机械工程师关心的是热力学、流体力学和传热学。
This in a large measure is responsible for the high accuracy obtainable from such systems.在很大程度上这是从这类系统中获得高精度的原因。
The transmission ratio is dependent upon the ratio of the number of teeth of the meshing gear whe els.传动比取决于两个啮合齿轮的齿数比。
Once the engine is underway, these auxiliaries are turned off.发动机一旦启动 这些辅助设备就关闭了。
第2节翻译练习4Recent discoveries have been made concerning the peculiar properties of certain semiconductors.最近 对于某些半导体的奇怪特性有一些发现。
Research and development is of particular importance to aerospace industry.研究和发展对航空航天工业非常重要。
In copper and most pure metals there is an appreciable increase in resistance with an increase in t emperature.在铜和大部分纯金属中 随着温度的升高 电阻也会明显增大。
One of the drawbacks of the early lasers was their inability of continuous operation.早期激光器的缺点之一是它不能连续工作。
These metal ions interfere with electron flow and cause a great decrease in electron motion.这些金属离子阻碍电子流动 引起电子运动大幅减弱。
Lubricating oils are used to ensure the smooth running of the machine.使用润滑油是为了确保机器正常运转。
第2节翻译练习5The most common application for bearing is the support of a rotating shaft that is transmitting po wer from one location to another.轴承最常见的应用是支撑旋转轴将功率从一处传至另一处。
The World Wide Web is a unique medium for communication and for publishing.万维网是一个独特的通讯和出版媒体。
第2节翻译练习6A practical means of transferring geothermal energy is to convert it to electric power.将地热能转变成电能是输送这种能量的一种切实可行的办法。
An electron, if moving, produces a magnetic field.电子如果运动 就会产生磁场。
第2节翻译练习7Needle bearings have a high load capacity.滚针轴承的承载能力大。
Considerable effort must be expended to ensure consistent blast volume, humidity and temperatur e.还要在确保风量、湿度和温度稳定方面做出相当大的努力。
第2节翻译练习8The gear teeth should have the strength sufficient to operate.齿轮的齿必须具备足够的运转强度。
We’ll do everything possible to improve the supply of electricity.我们将尽一切努力来改善电力供应。
We hope everything ready for the operation.我们希望一切在开工之前就绪。
Scientists have found a method of measurement suitable for most island waters and coastal areas.科学家们已经找到了一种适合大多数岛屿的近海和沿海地区的测量方法。
Coal is a kind of fuel suitable for power generation.煤是一种适合发电的燃料。
The only transformer available is produced in Shanghai.唯一可用的变压器是上海产的。
第2节翻译练习9The resistance of the load is too high for the amplifier.负载的电阻对于放大器来说太高。
For this reason the switching signal should be no steeper or larger than necessary.因此激励信号的斜率及宽度不应超过所要求的数值。
The capacity to store water in their leaves is typical of desert plant.在叶子中储存水的能力是沙漠植物的特性。
He is quite familiar with state function.他非常熟悉状态函数。