句子成分和基本句型
第一讲句子成分和基本句型
【要点】
一、主要句子成分：
主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。另外还有同位语及独立成分等。其中，主语和谓语是句子的必要成分，一般情况下，一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
二、简单句的五种基本句型
1. 主+谓 S+V
2. 主+谓+宾 S+V+O
3. 主+系+表 S+V+P
4. 主+谓+间宾+直宾 S+V+IO+DO
5. 主+谓+宾+宾补S+V+O+C
【重点和难点】
1. it做形式主语；
2. 半系动词；
3. 双宾语；
4. 宾补；
5. 副词作定语；
一、主要句子成分
(一) 主语：
主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词等相当于名词的词或短语，或者句子（主语从句）来充当。不定式短语、从句作主语时常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句后。
1. Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）
2. He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语）
3. Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语）
4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. （不定式作主语）
It’s a great pleasure to swim in Kunming Lake. （it形式主语）
5. It is impossible to finish so much housework in a day. （it形式主语）
6. What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）
【拓展】it做形式主语的常见句型
1. It + be + adj + to do：
2. It + be +名词 + to do: It is not a good habit to stay up too late.
3. It + be + adj +of/for + sb + to do
4. It + take + ( sb ) + 时间/金钱+ to do
5. It + cost + (sb) + 金钱+ to do：It costs a lot to buy a house in this part of London.
6. It + be + 名词/形容词/过去分词+ 主语从句
7. It+seems/appears(显得)/happens(碰巧) + that从句
【实战演练】
1. In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A. this
B. that
C. there
D. it
2. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
3. Is necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab?
A. everyone
B. this
C. her
D. it
4. ________ will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd.
A. It
B. I
C. We
D. They
5. _________ that there is another football match on the air this evening.
A. It says
B. It was said
C. It is said
D. What was said
(二) 谓语：
谓语说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，（即：说明或描述主语是什么、做什么或怎么样。）谓语由动词或动词短语充当，有时态和语态的变化。谓语分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种，简单谓语由一个动词或动词词组组成；复合谓语由情态动词、助动词加动词原形或系动词加表语组成。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
We study hard. （行为动词作谓语）
We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）
He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）
His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语）
谓语一般在主语的后面，但有时候谓语会放在主语之前，这就形成倒装语序。
Here it is. Here comes the bus. What do you mean? (倒装语序)
(三) 表语
表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的短语、句子来担任。它位于系动词后面。如：
I am a teacher.（名词） He is always happy.（形容词）It gets cold.（形容词）
They are on the playground now.（介词短语）
The class is over. My father isn’t in. He is out. （副词）
系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。系动词常见的有十来个，可以分成四组：
1. be动词： be (am、 is 、are 、was 、were)
2. 表示变化类：become、 get、 turn、 grow、go、fall、come
3. 感官动词类: 眼（look, seem ）耳(sound) 鼻(smell) 舌(taste) 身(feel)
4. 表示延续性的动词（状态保持）：remain 、stay 、keep
He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了.
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了.
If anything goes wrong, you can call our emergency hotline free of charge.
He always falls asleep after drinking red wine. She suddenly fell ill.
All our dreams can come true. (实现，成真)
The weather has suddenly turned cold.
He turned teacher.他成了一名教师。（turn后接的单数名词前多不用冠词）
It sounds interesting.（sound为系动词，interesting为表语）
We should all remain careful. （remain为系动词， careful为表语）
I like to keep busy. He always kept silent at meeting.
The shops stay open until 9 o' clock. 商店开门营业到9点钟。
【注意】
1. be之外的系动词又称为半系动词，因为它们从实意动词转化而来，具有其它实意动词的义项。比如：
The newly-invented soft drinking tastes quite unique.（这种新研制的软饮料尝起来挺独特的。在这句话里，taste为系动词，不能使用进行时，后面接形容词。）
The chef is tasting the fish carefully.（厨师长正在品尝这道鱼。在这句话中，taste为实意动词，可以使用进行时，并且后面接副词做状语。）
2. 半系动词要构成疑问句、否定句，需要借助助动词，这体现了实意动词的特征。
Does it taste good? It doesn't sound like a good idea.
(四) 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词后面，英语介词后也要求用宾语。宾语由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。（详见基本句型四）She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）
We often help him.（代词作宾语）
He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）
We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语）
She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）
He gave me a box of chocolates. (双宾语)
【例题】
1. Do you know the cell phone last week?
A. how much did she pay for
B. how much did she pay
C. how much she paid for
D. how much she paid
2. -- Could you tell us ? -- For about two weeks.
A. how soon you will be back
B. how long you will be there
C. how soon are you going to be back
D. how long are you going to be away
(五) 宾语补足主语
在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。
动词不定式做宾语补足语有以下三种情况：
1. 后跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask，tell，order，invite，beg，advise，recommend，remind，get，allow，wish，expect期望, want，encourage，urge敦促warn等。（表示命令、请求、邀请及忠告的动词）
He told us to keep quiet in the hospital．他告诉我们在医院里要保持安静。
He urged her to study English. 他敦促她学习英语。
I can’t expect her to be on time if I am late myself. 如果我自己迟到了，不能指望她准时到。
I wish him to make progress．我希望他取得进步.
【注意】hope后面可接不定式或that从句，但不能说hope sb. to do.
2. 后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：
感官动词：听(hear); 看、注意、观察,(see, watch, notice, observe观察, find )、感觉（feel）使役动词：let, have, make
【注意】感官动词hear, see, watch, feel, notice, observe等后既可接不带to的不定式作宾补，也可用v-ing形式作宾补。前者表示动作已结束，后者表示动作正在发生。试比较： He saw a girl get on the bus. 他看见一个女孩上车了（上车的动作已经结束）。
He saw a girl getting on the bus. 他看见一个女孩在上车(上车的动作正在进行)。
3. help后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式既可带to也可不带to。
My father often helps me (to) study English．我父亲经常帮我学习英语。
其它宾语补足语形式如：
We heard her singing a song.（现在分词短语） I found my money stolen. （过去分词短语）Please let him in. Can you keep the dog outside, please? （副词）
【注意】
1. 在使役动词let(让)、make(使得)、have（请，让，使得）和感官动词see(看)、hear(听到)、watch(观看)、feel(感觉到)、listen to (倾听)、look at (看到)、notice(注意到)等后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，则省掉“to”，但变为被动语态时，则要带“to”。如：We hear her sing next door.→ She is heard to sing next door.
2. 现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。
【例题】
(1) The murderer(谋杀犯) was brought in, with his hands behind his back.
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
(2) You will see this product wherever you go.
A. to be advertised
B. advertised
C. advertise
D. advertising
(六) 定语
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。定语由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等充任。单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。
The black bike is mine.（形容词）
What’s your name?（形容词性物主代词） They make paper flowers.（名词）
【注意】
1. 当定语修饰不定代词：nothing, anything, everything, something等时，定语在不定代词后面。如：
I tell him something interesting. （interesting作不定代词something的后置定语）
He has something to do. （to do为不定式作后置定语）
2. 短语或从句作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后。
The boys in the room are in Class Four. （in the room是介词短语作the boys的后置定语。）
3. 少数副词可以做定语，如：today , yesterday , tomorrow，here, there, bellow, above, upstairs, downstairs, abroad等，副词做定语一般后置。（特别注意：else是副词，做修饰语
People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants. 现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴。
China today is very strong. 今日的中国十分强大。
Read the sentences below. Use the conversation below as a model.
My parents and I are planning a day out with my uncle’s family.
Last summer vacation I went to Japan. It was my first trip abroad.
【例题】
1. If the building project by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company fined.
A. will be completed; is to be
B. to be completed; will be
C. being completed; will be
D. completed; was
2. He loves parties. He is always the first and the last .
A. to come; to leave
B. coming; leaving
C. comes; leaves
D. come; leave
(七) 状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫状语。状语在句中可以表示：时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、比较、方向以及伴随等情况。能担任状语的有：副词、介词短语、动词不定式、名词以及if, whether，when, while, as soon as, because , until ,before 等引导的状语从句。
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
【注意】
1. 状语在句中的位置比较灵活，大多数放在谓语的后边。当句中同时有时间状语和地点状语时，时间状语通常放在地点状语的后边；当句中有两个或两个以上的时间状语或地点状语时，通常把代表较小单位的状语放前，这些与汉语的习惯是相反的。
He lived in a flat in the center of Moscow for the past few years.
2. enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如： He is old enough to go to school.
(八) 同位语
若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。
This is my friend Harry. 这是我的朋友哈利。
We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。
You two sit here.你们两个人坐这里。
(九) 独立成分：与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系，如插入语、感叹语、呼语等，一般用逗号将它与句子隔开。
He’s a nice person, to be sure. 肯定他是一个好人。
Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 说也奇怪，考试他竟然通过了。
By the way, when did you go there?
【实战演练】
一、指出划线部分的句子成分
1. Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable.
2. I have a lot to say on this matter.
3. Please give me some advice.
4. She is quite all right now.
5. A lonely person is always alone.
6. A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.
7. To travel abroad, one must have a passport.
8. He has brought back a book reporting on animal life.
9. The setting sun shone on her face, lighting it up with a rosy glow.
10. Isn’t it wonderful that the Chinese Team won?
二、根据所给单词，用适当形式填空
(一) 对主语的判断
1. _______ are helpful to students. ( teach )
2. _____ is more important to me than money. ( healthy )
3. Some famous _______ are going to give lectures in our university in August. ( science)
(二) 对谓语的判断
John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c________ over to him. “My boy,”she a_____, “Is your father at home?”“Yes,” a_______ John. The woman began r_________ the b ell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_____ back to John and s______ angri ly, “Didn’t you s______ that your father was at home?”“I did”, answered John, “but this i_______ my house.”
(三) 对宾语的判断
1. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast ________ in Shanghai after his long absence from t he city. (develop)
2. The factory is in great need of medical _____ .( work )
3. Thank you for your _______. ( kind )
(四) 对表语的判断
1. It is ______ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. ( possible)
2. The sick man is getting ______. ( ill )
3. Patrick is going to be a(n) ______ when he grows up.(engine)
(六) 对定语的判断
1. The _______ exams usually take place at the end of June. ( finally)
2. On a _____ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. ( clearly)
3. This is an _____book. (interest)
(七) 对状语的判断
1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so ______ (easy)
2. Watch ______ , and you will find the difference between the two pictures. ( care )
3. After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed ______ at last. ( safe )
(八) 宾语补足语
1. The boss often made the workers________________(work) for a long time.
2. The little boy always makes us _______________(laugh).
3. Fresh air and vegetable can keep us ____________(health).
二、简单句的基本句型
只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫做简单句。
He learns German.
Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. We sang and danced yesterday evening.
My brother and I go to school at seven in the morning and come back home at six..
根据句子的基本结构，简单句可分为5种基本句型。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这5个基本句式生成的。
(一) 主语+不及物动词(主谓) S+V
The sun rises. 太阳升起来。 The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。
(二) 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾) S+V+O
I love my country. He helps me. I like action movies. I buy a book.
(三) 主语+系动词+表语(主系表) S+V+P
Her brother is a driver.
We feel happy. It gets dark. Tom looks ill.
这种句型，核心是系动词，难点是半系动词。请回忆半系动词主要有：
(四) 主语+及物动词+双宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）S+V+IO+DO
双宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前，顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如果将直接宾语放在间接宾语之前，间接宾语前需加to/for，根据间接宾语前用to/for的情况，可以将常见的带双宾语的动词分为三类：
take, bring, give, hand, pass, send, lend, sell, throw, show, return(归还), write(写信), tell, teach, offer提供, read, post, pay, promise(许诺), refuse(拒绝)等。
He offered me his seat.=He offered his seat to me．
Her parents promised her a new car if she passed her exams.= Her parents promised a new car to her if she passed her exams.
do, buy, pick, save为…节约, prepare, cook（bake烤，烘焙，boil煮，fry煎炸）, make, fetch, get, order, book预定, find, choose, provide等。
Will you do me a favour? = Will you do a favour for me? 你能帮我个忙吗？
The government will be able to provide viable social services for poorer families
但是请注意：The government will be able to provide poorer families with viable social services.（provide sb.with sth.）
sing, play(演奏)
She sang him an English song.= She sang an English song to/for him.
【注意】
1. 这两个介词大体可以理解为：针对某人用to(给)，为某人用for(为，替)。想要了解的更清楚，只能在实际应用中，语言环境里来理解。平时记单词时就要注意其用法。
2. 当直接宾语是人称代词，或两个宾语都是人称代词，间接宾语位于直接宾语之后，间接宾语前加to/for. 不可以说I send him it. 要说I sent it to him.
I pass it to my mother. She threw them to me. I found spare tickets for him.
3. 有时同一个动词，由于用法不同，所搭配的介词也可能不同，如 leave sb.sth这一结构，若表示一般意义的为某人留下某物，则用介词 for 引出间接宾语: leave sth for sb；若表示某人死后遗留下某物，则用介词 to 引出间接宾语: leave sth to sb。如：
Would you like to leave him a message? / Would you like to leave a message for him? 你要不要给他留个话？
Her father left her a large fortune. / Her father left a large fortune to her. 她父亲死后给她留下了一大笔财产。
4.“疑问词+不定式”可以作直接宾语。
He taught me how to read the word.
She asked me which way to go.
I told him what to do.
【例题】
1. Can you explain ?
A. this problem to me
B. me this problem
C. to me this problem
D. me problem
2. Read the letter and him.
A. pass it
B. pass it on to
C. pass on it to
D. pass it for
3. Which of the following is not true?
A. Mr. Wang taught us English last year.
B. Mr. Wang taught our English last year.
C. Mr. Wang taught English to us last year.
D. We were taught English by Mr. Wang last year.
(五) 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补) S+V+O+C
They call her Mary.他们叫她Mary。
We make our classroom clean and tidy.我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。
He always makes us laugh. 他总使我们笑。
I will make you captain. 我将让你当船长。（elect, choose, appoint, make, call, name等词后面跟表示职位的名词做宾语补足语时，职位名词前不要冠词）
宾语和宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系，逻辑上的主谓关系乃是本句型的特点，它不同于第四基本句型，“间接宾语 + 直接宾语”之间并无逻辑上的主谓关系。
【注意】此句型变为被动语态时，只有一种情况。
They saw him steal the old man’s money. → He was seen to steal the old man’s money.
I will make you captain.→You will be made captain.
【实战演练】
一、分析句子结构
1. What you said made me happy.
2. Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?
3. After he finished his homework, he went away.
4. He likes pop music.
5. I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once b y myself.
6. Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend.
7. I find painting or drawing very relaxing.
8. It is the young girl who was singing songs on the stage when we entered the hall yesterday that will have taught all of us both English and French for three years by the end of this year.
二、判断下列句子是双宾语结构还是复合宾语结构，如果是复合宾语，请指出复合宾语是由什么充当的。
1. I watch the boy playing foot ball.
2. My good friend told me a story
3. Tom lent me a pencil.
4. LiLi noticed two dogs fight .
5. I looked at her flying a kite .
6. Please hand me the paper .
7. The lion ordered the hen to give him some eggs. 8. He wanted you to go with him.
9. Lu Yang told the little boy to go home. 10. She asks me to help her .
11. My parents left me some money . 12. Lucy lends me a pencil .
13. Mother got me some tea. 14. LiLei found 100 yuan in the room.
15. He showed me her photos. 16. Would you sing us an English song ?
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空，并判断出它的句子成分。
1. _______ is my favourite sport. ( fish )
2. ________ stamps is my hobby. ( collect )
3. The French artist said, “ it is my _____ time to visit Shanghai . I love this city so much. ( o ne )
4. The book _____ by Luxun is very famous. ( write )
5. It’s a _____ day,is’t it ? ( sun)
6. At last he sold his ______. ( invent )
7. Such cold weather is quite _____ in June and people have to wear warm clothes again. （u sually）
8. He is the ___________person to come here.(one)
9. ___________is good for our healthy.(walk)
10. Jim is ____________like the comedies.(real)
三、综合运用阶段：对词性、词形、词义的综合运用。
Mr Green is getting old. He is l____________ the school soon. The s__________ in his class have given h________ a lot of g____________. These gifts a____________ cards, notebooks, pho tos and books. Most of them are m____________ by the students themselves.
Photos will h___________ Mr Green remember the happy t____________ when he was with his students. Next week, t___________ will have a p___________ to say goodbye to him.
十大词性 句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习(附答案)..
十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习 一、新课导入 个体名词 集体名词 普通名词 物质名词 1.名词 抽象名词 专有名词 功能：表示人或事物的名称 人称代词： 主格 宾格 （注意it 的用法） 物主代词： 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 指示代词：this, that, these, those 单数：myself`, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself 反身代词： 复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves 2.代词 疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which. 简单不定代词：One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ every another, other, the other, others, the others 复合不定代词： somebody, anybody, nobody 不定代词 someone, anyone, no one something, anything, nothing everybody, everyone, everything 功能：用来代替名词、形容词或数词等 3.数词： 基数词 序数词 功能：表数量或顺序 4.冠词： 定冠词 不定冠词 零冠词 //功能：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 表地点：at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath …. 表时间： in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind, 5.介词： 表运动： across/ through/ over/ pass … 表方位：…. 其他 功能：用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系 可数名词 不可数名词
句子成分及基本句型
实用标准文档 文案大全句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来 担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词
句子的成分和基本句型
句子的成分和基本句型 句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例如： We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如： I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名
词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如： Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如： He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如： My sister is a nurse.(名词)我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.(介词短语)他们在家里。 She got angry. (形容词)她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.(数词)她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型 句子成分 A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或 “什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语（Predicate）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合 谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C. 表语（Predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. D. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语（Direct Object）和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语（Object Complement）是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret. F．定语（Attribute）定语修饰名词或代词。 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known Betty’ｓsister? There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home. G．状语（Adverbial）用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school. 讲出划线部分的句子成分： 1．Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable. 2．I have a lot to say on this matter. 3．Please give me some advice. 4．She is quite all right now. 5． A lonely person is always alone. 6． A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.
初中句子成分和基本句型完整版
初中句子成分和基本句 型 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】
句子成分和基本句型 句子包含哪些成分？ 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、{补语（complement）、同位语（apposite）} 1.主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． Thegirlispretty.Readingisuseful. Toseeistobelieve.Theyaregoodfriends. 2.谓语说明主语做什么，以什么状态或特征存在，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． Theyareteachers.Shelookswell. Hestudieshard.Helaughedathisclassmates. 3.表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面Iamateacher.Shefeelshappy. Everybodyishere.Theyareathomenow. Hewentmad.Seeingisbelieving. 4.宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．Sheplaysthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme. IlikewatchingTV.Shelikestogotoshopthisafternoon. Ithinkthatheisgoodboy. 5.宾语补足语：在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用． 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当． Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen. WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome. Iheardmynamecalled. 6.状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当． Hediditcarefully.Hestudiedveryhard. IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen. Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.
句子成分和基本句型
句子成分和基本句型 什么是句子？ 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？！ I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! *句子成分由词或词组充当 英语的基本成分有七种： 主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)补语(complement) １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends. 谓语： 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. 表语： 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面． I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing. 宾语 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后． She plays the piano. He often helps me.
句子的成分和基本句型
句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词 ．．充当。例如： We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如： I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如： Tom bought a story-book.（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. （代词）昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如： He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如： My sister is a nurse.（名词）我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.（介词短语）他们在家里。 She got angry. （形容词）她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（数词）她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如： This is a green cup.（形容词）这是一个绿色的杯子。
五种基本句型及句子成分分析
五种基本句型及句子成分的分析五种基本句型的分析能力的培养是分析一切复杂句子的基础，是分析千千万万个句子的基础，因为众多的 句子都是由五种基本句型变换过来的。 所谓五种基本句型分析能力就是：看到一个简单句就能立刻分析出这个句子属于五种句型中的哪种；能够立刻分析出句子的主干是什么，能够快速分割，快速整合。 怎样才能具备这种能力呢？ 先理解理论（怎么去做的方法）后多实践做练习，实践是最重要的，能力在大量的实践练习中应该可以掌握。 在培养这个能力过程中还需要记忆任务。如：哪些动词后面要跟动词不定式,哪些动词后面要跟doing ,哪些动词后面需要跟双宾语等等这些都需要记忆，这项记忆任务完全可以通过练习实践来掌握，不做练习，只去死记那些东西不容易掌握。 如果对汉语句子成分分析有一定的了解和掌握，有助于英语句子成分的学习，因为本来汉语句子成分分析那 一套就是从英语那里搬过来的。 五种基本句型 1，主（语）＋系（动词）＋表（语） 首先我们来认识主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的。从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”：从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”，后面的一切都是针对主语来说的，那么常坐这把“交椅”的会是什么词呢，一般是名词或代词。 系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的，常见的只有十来个，我们把它们分成四组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词： 一、be动词类：am、is 、are 、was 、were 二、表示变化类：become、get 、turn 、grow 、go 三、感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel) 四、表示延续性的动词：remain 、stay 、keep 表语有两个特征：一从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词，正所谓“皮之不存，毛将焉附”）。二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当。 上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍，其中，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。 2，主（语）＋谓（语） 谓语，谓语从意义上说有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表示。一般情况下，谓语位于主语之后，从意义上理解，往往具有动作意味（谓语实际有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表）是主语发出的动作。能做谓语的在十大词类中只有一种词类：动词，也就是说只用动词具有作谓语的“专利”，所以我们往往把“谓语”和“动词”连在一起叫做“谓语动词”。虽然主语是“头把交椅”，但是谓语是一个句子中最重要的成分，一个句子可以缺少主语，但是谓语是不能少的。 为了更好地理解这个句型以及下面的三个句型，在这里我需要补充说明两点：
句子成分与五种基本句型
句子成分与五种基本句型班级：姓名： 一、句子成分 一）主语：是句子要说明的人或物，是句子的主体，一般放在。 1. The book is mine. ( ) 2. I teach you English.. （） 3. Three plus four equals seven. ( ) 4. To see is to believe. （） 5. Smoking is not allowed in public places. （） 6. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （） 二）谓语由____ _______担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语。划出以下句子的谓语： 1. We clean the classroom every day . 2. I don't like the picture on the wall. 3. You should have breakfast. 三）表语它的位置在__________之后。是用来说明主语的________,_______, ________的. 1. My father is a professor. ( ) 2. Everything here is expensive. ( ) 3. The story of my life may be of help to others.( ) 4. His plan is to seek work in the city. ( ) 5. The match became very exciting.( ) 6. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) 四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。 1. She covered her face with her hands.( ) 2. We haven't seen her for a long time. ( ) 3. We need to know what others are doing. ( ) 4. We should care about our friends. ( ) 五）定语是修饰__ _. 单个词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之___ __。 1. Mary is a beautiful girl.. （） 2. China is a developing country. ( ) 3. I have nothing to eat. ( ) 4. The boy who is talking with Tom is from Beijing. ( ) 六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 1.There is a shop near the school gate. ( ) 2.I left the village five years ago. ( ) 3.I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) 4.We'll send a car to fetch you. ( ) 5.The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) 6.The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) 7.If you work hard, you will be successful. ( ) 8.Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) 七）宾语补足语 英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾补放在后面补充说明。
句子成分及基本句型
句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语）
句子成分及基本句型学习资料
句子成分及基本句型 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给……看），bring, pass, buy等。 如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。 间接宾语加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing, pay等 （1）I give him a book. 改成： （2）He passes me the book. 改成： （3）He writes me a letter. 改成： （4）He will buy me some books. 改成：
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型 1.1 句子成分 A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语（Predicate）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C.表语（Predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有 be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I n eed. D. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语（Direct Object）和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语（Object Complement）是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out.
句子的成分、结构和基本句型
句子的成分、结构和基本句型 句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。 一.英语的句子成分： （一）主语： Walls have ears. ( ) He will take you to the hospital. （） To see is to believe. （） Smoking is not allowed in public places. （）Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （） （二）谓语动词由_____________担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. （三）表语它的位置在__________之后。 My father is a professor. ( ) Who's that? It's me. ( ) Everything here is expensive. ( ) The match became very exciting.( ) The story of my life may be of help to others.( ) Three times five is fifteen. ( ) His plan is to seek work in the city. ( ) My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) （四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。 She covered her face with her hands.( ) We haven't seen her for a long time. ( ) Do you mind opening the window? ( ) Give me four please. ( ) He wants to dream a nice dream. ( ) We need to know what others are doing. ( ) We should care more about our friends. ( ) （五）定语是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。 The play has three acts. ( ) This is her first trip to Europe. ( ) They are women workers. （） Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. （）Mary is a beautiful girl.. （） China is a developing country. ( ) I have nothing to eat. ( ) Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. ( ) （六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 The best fish swim near the bottom. ( ) I left the village five years ago. ( ) I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) We'll send a car to fetch you. ( ) The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) If he goes, so will I . ( ) Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) （七）宾语补足语 英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成___________。 They elected me captain of the team. ( ) We try to make our country strong. ( ) We found everything in good order there. ( )
句子成分与基本句型
句子成分与基本句型 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east.（名词）He likes dancing.（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) To see is to believe.（不定式）Seeing is believing.（动名词）What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher.（名词）She was very tired and looked it.（代词） Five and five is ten.（数词） He is asleep.（形容词）His father is in.（副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） （常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China.（名词）He hates you.（代词）How many do you need? We need two.（数词） We should help the old and the poor. (形容词) I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again.（不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 5．宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor（名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.（名） We will make them happy（形容词）We found nobody in.(副词)Please make yourself at home.（介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning.（现在分词）I’ll have my bike repaired.（过分词） 6.主补：对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend.（代词） We belong to the third world.（数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2.（现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过分） I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定语从句） 8.状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和 让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列） I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 9. 独立成分：与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系，如插入语、感叹语、呼语等，一般用逗号将它与 句子隔开。如：He’s a nice person, to be sure. 肯定他是一个好人。 Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 说也奇怪，考试他竟然通过了。