句子成分课件

句子成分
1、句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语
主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。

主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如：
1). The sun rises in the east.（名词）
2). He likes dancing.（代词）
3). Seeing is believing.（动名词）
4). To see is to believe.（不定式）
5). What he needs is a book.（主语从句）
6). It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It
形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)
7)It’s no use crying over sp ilt milk.(v-ing形式)
8)The young should respect the old(形容词)
2、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。

表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。

例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
He is a teacher.（名词）
Seventy-four! You don’t look it.（代词）
3、宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面动作的承受者-----动宾
I like China.（名词）
He hates you.（代词）
How many do you need? We need two.（数词）
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式）
Did you write down what he said?（宾语从句）
介词后的名词、代词和动名词---介宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
双宾语----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
4、宾补：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。

带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。

宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。

例如His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（不定式）
Don’t let him do that.（不定式）
We will make them happy.（形容词）
Don’t keep the window open.（形容词）
Don’t keep the lights burning.（现在分词）
5、主补：对主语的补充。

He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
6、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）
He is our friend.（代词）
We belong to (属于) the third world. （数词）
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher（名词）
The boy standing is Tom.（现在分词）
The book in his hand was bought yesterday.(介词短语）
7、状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or句子。

表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dan ce party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket carefufully.（方式状语）
位置：修饰v.时，通常放在所修饰的v.之后或句末。

The girls are singing happily.
There is a new bridge over the river.
He runs fast.
为了强调可放句首。

Over the river there is a new bridge.
8、同位语：
▪练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.。