挥发性风味成分保留指数LRI-20M
中国白酒风味成分的色谱分析方法研究进展

中国白酒风味成分的色谱分析方法研究进展熊燕飞; 马卓; 彭远松; 颜禹; 雷翔云; 冯华芳; 敖宗华; 丁海龙【期刊名称】《《中国酿造》》【年(卷),期】2019(038)011【总页数】5页(P1-5)【关键词】白酒; 风味成分; 色谱分析; 离子色谱; 高效液相色谱; 气相色谱【作者】熊燕飞; 马卓; 彭远松; 颜禹; 雷翔云; 冯华芳; 敖宗华; 丁海龙【作者单位】泸州老窖股份有限公司四川泸州646000; 国家固态酿造工程技术研究中心四川泸州646000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TS262.3中国白酒是世界六大蒸馏酒之一,是中华民族智慧的结晶。
中国白酒由于香型的不同,其酿造工艺也纷繁复杂,而曲药天然微生物接种、固态糖化发酵、固态甑桶蒸馏等为各香型白酒共有的关键环节[1],同时也是中国白酒区别于其他世界五大蒸馏酒的独特酿制工艺。
开放制曲和固态微生物菌群发酵两项独特的酿造工艺,以及中国白酒复杂的酿造环境,使中国白酒风味成分极其丰富。
白酒风味成分种类多样、成分复杂,含量较低[2-5],并且具有不同的挥发性、极性、溶解性、热稳定性等理化特性[1],这对白酒风味成分检测带来了极大的困难和挑战,也对检测设备、检测方法提出了更高的要求。
白酒风味成分的分析需要综合多种分析检测方法,本文对中国白酒风味成分色谱分析方法进行了综述,为科学认识中国白酒风味成分及分析方法提供参考。
1 中国白酒风味成分色谱分析方法的发展史中国白酒独特的发酵工艺以及开放的酿造环境,使得中国白酒风味成分的多样性和独特性高于其他五大蒸馏酒。
世界六大蒸馏酒中,白兰地风味成分约400种,威士忌约100种,朗姆酒约180种,伏特加、杜松子酒因其自身工艺及标准要求,风味成分低于100种[6]。
LIU H等[7]研究发现,中国白酒已发现的风味成分多达1 874种,包括酸、酯、醇、醛、羰基化合物、芳香族化合物、吡嗪类化合物、萜烯类化合物、呋喃化合物、含氮化合物、含硫化合物等。
鲜姜、姜粉和姜汁饮料中挥发性风味物质分析

鲜姜、姜粉和姜汁饮料中挥发性风味物质分析王强伟;史先振;王洪新;苏义海【摘要】比较了鲜姜、姜粉和姜汁饮料中挥发性风味物质差异.分别以鲜姜和鲜姜干燥得到的姜粉为原料,加工制作鲜姜制姜汁饮料和姜粉制姜汁饮料,采用顶空固相微萃取结合气质联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS),对鲜姜、姜粉、鲜姜制姜汁饮料和姜粉制姜汁饮料的挥发性风味物质进行分析,并利用正构烷烃混标确定各组分的保留指数.结果显示:从鲜姜、姜粉、鲜姜制姜汁饮料和姜粉制姜汁饮料中共鉴定出61种挥发性风味物质,其中鲜姜有51种、姜粉中56种、鲜姜制姜汁饮料中58种、姜粉制姜汁饮料中59种;鲜姜制姜汁饮料和姜粉制姜汁饮料与鲜姜和姜粉相比,烯烃类挥发性风味物质的相对含量显著降低,而醇类、醛类和酮类挥发性风味物质的相对含量显著提高.【期刊名称】《食品与发酵工业》【年(卷),期】2015(041)004【总页数】6页(P174-179)【关键词】姜;姜汁饮料;挥发性风味物质;HS-SPME-GC-MS【作者】王强伟;史先振;王洪新;苏义海【作者单位】江南大学食品学院,江苏无锡,214122;江南大学国家功能食品工程技术研究中心,江苏无锡,214122;徐州生物工程职业技术学院,江苏徐州,221006;江南大学食品学院,江苏无锡,214122;江南大学国家功能食品工程技术研究中心,江苏无锡,214122;安徽铜陵白姜发展有限公司,安徽铜陵,244021【正文语种】中文姜(Zingiber officinale Roscoe)是姜科姜属多年生植物的根茎,鲜姜和干姜被用作香辛料和中药材已经有多个世纪历史[1]。
由于姜具有独特的芳香风味和辛辣口感,已经被广泛应用在食品中,如姜汁饮料、腌姜、姜汁酸奶、姜膏、姜味饼干等[2-3]。
在国外,姜汁饮料因其独特的口感和保健功效非常流行,但国内市场上并不多见。
传统的姜汁饮料多使用鲜姜加工[4],然而鲜姜的收获时间短、水分含量高、易腐不易保藏,实际生产中通常将鲜姜通过干燥加工成干姜片或干姜粉,便于保藏运输[5]。
GC_O_MS对比两种浓香型白酒中的挥发性成分_王然

第30卷第1期2012年1月北京工商大学学报(自然科学版)Journal of Beijing Technology and Business University (Natural Science Edition )Vol.30No.1Jan.2012文章编号:1671-1513(2012)01-0041-05GC-O-MS 对比两种浓香型白酒中的挥发性成分王然,李蕊,宋焕禄(北京工商大学食品学院,北京100048)摘要:通过直接进样法对两种浓香型白酒五粮液和盐井坊进行了气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱的定性和相对定量分析,得出两种酒风味不同的主要原因有酒中含有的酯类和酸类的不同配比,醇类和醛、酮类在种类上的差别等.五粮液中主要的4种酯,己酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯和丁酸乙酯的比例为1ʒ0.18ʒ0.07ʒ0.08,而在盐井坊中这四种酯的比例为1ʒ0.24ʒ0.24ʒ0.08.五粮液中醋酸、丁酸和己酸的比例为0.26ʒ0.10ʒ1,而盐井坊中这三种酸的比例为1.17ʒ0.26ʒ1.关键词:白酒;挥发性成分;五粮液;盐井坊;气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱中图分类号:TS262.3;TS207.3;TS201.2文献标志码:A收稿日期:2011-06-30基金项目:北京市学术创新人才专项资助项目(PHR200906110).作者简介:王然,女,硕士研究生,研究方向为食品风味化学;宋焕禄,男,教授,博士,主要从事食品风味化学方面的研究.通讯作者.在中国有着无酒不成席的说法,因此酒文化成为了我国传统文化的重要组成部分.尤其是随着经济的发展,人民消费水平的提高,不仅白酒的品牌种类与产量与日俱增,更重要的是消费者对其品质的要求也越来越高.白酒的风味是其最重要的性能指标,也是人们品尝的重点,而风味的决定因素主要是酒中各种芳香成分的种类和配伍,它与白酒的质量有着密切的关系,目前我国名优白酒中的200多种主要香气成分已被进行了分析[1].我国白酒香味组成极其复杂,组分种类之多、含量跨度之大,堪称世界蒸馏酒之冠[2].中国的白酒香型主要分为酱香型(茅香型)、浓香型(泸香型)、清香型(汾香型)、米香型及其他香型五类.目前市面上销售的浓香型白酒占据主导地位.其主要特征是:窖香浓郁,绵甜甘冽,香味协调,尾净余长,以己酸乙酯为主体香味物质.采用气相色谱法分析白酒香味组分的工作始于1968年,到了20世纪80年代由于高效石英毛细管色谱柱的改进,使白酒进入了直接进样的分析领域,并获得了快速的推广和广泛的应用[3].提取挥发性物质的主要技术有:顶空制样(headspace sampling ,HS ),同时蒸馏萃取(simultaneous distillation-extrac-tion ,SDE ),固相微萃取(solid phase micro-extraction ,SPME )[4],搅拌棒吸附萃取(stir bar sorptive extrac-tion ,SBSE )[5].虽然这些方法都能提取出白酒中的挥发性成分,但由于方法本身在设计原理和实验设备上的限制,使它们都不可能完整的获得白酒中的挥发性成分.白酒非常纯净,含有的固形物杂质非常少,经过滤后可以使用WAX 或FFAP 等极性毛细管柱采用低进样量直接进样的方式进样,这样就简化了样品前处理的繁琐工序,提高分析效率,避免了在样品处理中微量成分的损失,重现性好,提高了检测的准确性[6].并不是食品中所有的挥发物都对其香味有贡献.此外,有些气味很强成分因含量很低而不能被气相色谱/质谱(gas chromatography /mass spectrome-try ,GC /MS )检测到.气相色谱-嗅闻(gas chroma-tography-olfactometry ,GC-O )技术正是解决这些问题的理想方法,它是一种把仪器分析和感官分析结合在一起研究酒类和食品香气的新型研究方法,其中人的鼻子起到了检测器的作用[7].本研究应用气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱(gas chroma-14tography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry ,GC-O-MS )技术,采用低进样量直接进样方式,对五粮液和盐井坊这两种市售的浓香型白酒中的挥发性物质进行了比较,以期找出决定不同品牌浓香型白酒差异的主要挥发性成分.1材料与方法1.1材料与试剂五粮液(39%,V /V ),宜宾五粮液股份有限公司生产;盐井坊(45%,V /V ),四川省自贡市旭腾投资咨询有限责任公司生产.系列正构烷烃(C 7 C 22),色谱纯,美国Sigma -Aldrich 公司.图1五粮液与盐井坊的TIC 图Fig.1Total ions chromatogram of Wuliangye and Yanjingfang1.2仪器与设备7890A-7000B 型气质联机,美国Agilent 公司;Sniffer9000型嗅闻仪,瑞士Brechbuhler ;HP -INNO-WAX (30m ˑ0.25mm ˑ0.25μm )型色谱柱,美国Agilent 公司.1.3实验方法1.3.1色谱条件色谱条件为进样量1μL ;分流比20ʒ1;柱流量1.2mL /min ;升温程序为40ħ保持3min ,然后以5ħ/min 升到200ħ,保持0min ,再以10ħ/min 升到230保持3min.1.3.2质谱条件电子轰击(electron impact ,EI )离子源,电子能量70eV ,离子源温度230ħ,四级杆温度150ħ.溶剂延迟时间3min.质谱质量扫描范围40 550u.1.3.3化合物鉴定方法风味物质由质谱(mass spectrometry ,MS )、化合物保留指数(retention index ,RI )和化合物风味描述3种方法共同确定.化合物经质谱检测后,对照谱库NIST2.0进行人工检索,由定性结果与标准样品的质谱、RI 值和香气描述进行鉴定.RI 值是通过化合与相同条件下系列正构烷烃的保留时间(reten-24北京工商大学学报(自然科学版)2012年1月tion time,RT)计算得到,计算公式:RI=100N+100n(tRa -tRN)/(tR(N+n)-tRN)[8].如果没有标准品,则根据待测化合物的RI值及www.odour.org.uk报道的气味特征来进行风味物质的查询.2结果与分析GC-O-MS分别对两种浓香型白酒五粮液和盐井坊进行了定性和相对定量分析,图1为两种白酒的TIC图.分析结果如表1和表2.应用GC-O-MS检测到1μL五粮液和盐井坊这两种浓香型白酒中的挥发性物质分别有32种和24种.其中酯类是这两种白酒中的重要风味成分.虽然这两种酒含有的酯类在种类上区别不大,但是在含量和各种主要酯类的配比上差异显著,在五粮液中主要的4种酯,己酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯表1五粮液分析结果Tab.1Analysis results of Wuliangye化合物RT RI风味含量/%鉴定方法酯类乙酸乙酯 5.047893水果0.65MS、odour、RI 丙酸乙酯 6.464962水果0.06MS、odour、RI 丁酸乙酯8.351039菠萝0.30MS、odour、RI 戊酸乙酯11.0141134水蜜桃0.15MS、odour、RI 己酸乙酯13.9551235水果 3.57MS、odour、RI 己酸戊酯16.3961320水果0.01MS、odour、RI 庚酸乙酯16.8251335花香0.07MS、odour、RI 乳酸乙酯17.1811348水果0.26MS、odour、RI 辛酸乙酯19.6071437水果0.03MS、odour、RI 2-羟基-4-甲基戊酸乙酯22.45715480.01MS、RI 酸类醋酸20.1571458醋味0.19MS、odour、RI 丁酸24.5541633汗臭0.07MS、odour、RI 戊酸27.1011742汗臭0.02MS、odour、RI 己酸29.4741850汗臭0.73MS、odour、RI 醇类乙醇 6.182949酒精92.52MS、odour、RI 2-丁醇7.9821026水果0.04MS、odour、RI 2-甲基-1-丙醇10.11111030.08MS、RI 3-甲基-2-丁醇10.8351128水果0.05MS、odour、RI 1-丁醇11.5041151甜香0.07MS、odour、RI 3-甲基-1-丁醇13.2351210香蕉0.37MS、odour、RI 1-戊醇14.4511252甜、花香0.01MS、odour、RI 1-己醇17.3281353水果0.07MS、odour、RI 醛、酮类乙醛 3.204704刺激性0.18MS、odour、RI 丙酮 4.058817溶剂0.09MS、odour、RI 戊醛 5.476916坚果0.01MS、odour、RI 3-甲基丁醛 5.564920巧克力0.05MS、odour、RI 2-戊酮 6.877981水果0.12MS、odour、RI 2,5-二甲基-3-己酮11.95811660.08MS、RI 3-羟基-2-丁酮15.6541293黄油0.03MS、odour、RI 糠醛20.5671473焦糊0.06MS、odour、RI 其它乙烯基乙醚 5.2439050.01MS、RI 1,1-二乙氧基-3-甲基丁烷9.35710760.04MS、RI 34第30卷第1期王然等:GC-O-MS对比两种浓香型白酒中的挥发性成分表2盐井坊分析结果Tab.2Analysis results of Yanjingfang化合物RT RI风味含量/%鉴定方法酯类乙酸乙酯 5.031893水果 1.04MS、odour、RI 丁酸乙酯8.3631039菠萝0.34MS、odour、RI 戊酸乙酯11.0301134水蜜桃0.04MS、odour、RI 己酸甲酯12.5891188水果微量MS、odour、RI 己酸乙酯13.9761235水果 4.30MS、odour、RI 庚酸乙酯16.8381335花香0.02MS、odour、RI 乳酸乙酯17.1861348水果 1.03MS、odour、RI 辛酸乙酯19.6101437水果0.02MS、odour、RI 2-羟基-4-甲基戊酸乙酯22.46115480.02MS、RI 酸类醋酸20.1531458醋味0.17MS、odour、RI 丁酸24.5551633汗臭0.04MS、odour、RI 己酸29.4761850汗臭0.15MS、odour、RI 醇类乙醇 6.255949酒精92.05MS、odour、RI 2-丁醇7.9971026水果0.05MS、odour、RI 2-甲基-1-丙醇10.10211030.06MS、RI 1-丁醇11.4831151甜香0.03MS、odour、RI 3-甲基-1-丁醇13.2271210香蕉0.36MS、odour、RI 1-己醇17.3281353坚果0.03MS、odour、RI 醛、酮类乙醛 3.206705刺激性0.07MS、odour、RI 3-甲基丁醛 5.572920巧克力0.02MS、odour、RI 三聚乙醛9.3601095辛辣0.04MS、odour、RI 3-羟基-2-丁酮15.6461293黄油0.02MS、odour、RI 糠醛20.5691473焦糊0.08MS、odour、RI 其它1,1-二乙氧基-3-甲基丁烷9.03610760.01MS、RI和丁酸乙酯的比例为1ʒ0.18ʒ0.07ʒ0.08,而在盐井坊中这四种酯的比例为1ʒ0.24ʒ0.24ʒ0.08.显然,盐井坊中乙酸乙酯和乳酸乙酯的含量相对较高,是这两种酒风味差别的重要原因.酸类是白酒香气的重要协调成分,适量的酸有助于酒体的放香舒适性,大多数酸的风味表现为醋味和汗臭味,而且风味强度很大.在五粮液中检测到了4种酸,即醋酸、丁酸、戊酸和己酸;而在盐井坊中只检测到了醋酸、丁酸和己酸.各种酸的配比对这两种白酒的香气起到了不同的协调作用,在五粮液中醋酸、丁酸和己酸的比例为0.26ʒ0.10ʒ1,而盐井坊中这三种酸的比例为1.17ʒ0.26ʒ1,盐井坊中醋酸和丁酸的比例较高,这使得这种酒闻起来没有五粮液那样柔和.醇类物质能赋予酒体以醇香和水果香等,是酒的重要风味成分,因此,在这两种白酒中的不同醇类物质也是其风味不同的重要原因.五粮液中检测到1-戊醇和1-己醇这两种具有甜香和水果香的物质,这两种物质对五粮液独特风味的形成也是必不可少的.另外,醛、酮等风味物质也是这两种白酒的重要风味物质,五粮液中的醛、酮类风味物质比盐井坊中的多了丙酮、戊醛、2-戊酮和2,5-二甲基-3-己酮,而盐井坊中发现了具有辛辣味的三聚乙醛,这种物质可能是形成盐井坊风味的独特物质.44北京工商大学学报(自然科学版)2012年1月3结论综上所述,形成五粮液和盐井坊这两种白酒风味差别的主要因素有酒中含有的酯类和酸类的不同配比,醇类和醛、酮类在种类上的差别等.在这两种酒中主要的四种酯,己酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯和丁酸乙酯的比例具有明显区别,盐井坊中乙酸乙酯和乳酸乙酯的含量相对较高,是这两种酒风味差别的重要原因.醋酸、丁酸和己酸含量上的差别使得盐井坊闻起来没有五粮液那样柔和.另外,醇类、醛类和酮类物质也各具特点,它们对这两种酒风味的形成也具有重要的作用.参考文献:[1]孙兰萍.白酒中芳香成分的组成及其分离鉴定[J].化工装备技术,2002(1):12-14.[2]蔡心尧,尹建军,胡国栋.毛细管柱直接进样法测定白酒香味组分的研究[J].色谱,1997,15(5):367-371.[3]胡国栋.气相色谱法在白酒分析中的应用现状与回顾[J].食品与发酵工业,2003,29(10):65-69.[4]王蓓,曹雁平,许时婴.酶解奶油香精基料中特征风味组分分析研究[J].北京工商大学学报:自然科学版,2011,29(4):19-23.[5]宋焕禄.食品风味化学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008:1-123.[6]吴兆征,范志勇,左国营,等.GC-MS直接进样定性定量分析白酒的探讨[J].酿酒,2009,36(6):88-90.[7]夏玲君,宋焕禄.香味检测技术—GC/O的应用[J].食品与发酵工业,2006,32(1):83-87.[8]Dool H V D,Kratz P D.A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmedgas-liquid partition chromatography[J].Journal of Chro-matography,1963,2:463-470.Comparison of Volatile Compounds from Two Kinds ofLuzhou-flavor Liquor by GC-O-MSWANG Ran,LI Rui,SONG Huan-lu(School of Food and Chemical Engineering,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing100048,China)Abstract:The volatile compounds of two kinds of luzhou-flavor liquor,Wuliangye and Yanjingfang,were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry(GC-O-MS).The main difference between the two kinds of wines were that esters and acids were in different proportions,and alcohols,aldehydes and ketones were different in types.In Wuliangye,there were four major esters,ethyl caproate,ethyl acetate,ethyl lactate and ethyl butyrate,the ratio of which was1ʒ0.18ʒ0.07ʒ0.08,however in Yanjingfang,the ratio of the four esters was1ʒ0.24ʒ0.24ʒ0.08.In Wu-liangye,the ratio of acetic acid,butyric acid and caproic acid was0.26ʒ0.10ʒ1,but the ratio was1.17ʒ0.26ʒ1in Yanjingfang.Key words:liquor;volatiles;wuliangye;yanjingfang;GC-O-MS(责任编辑:李宁)54第30卷第1期王然等:GC-O-MS对比两种浓香型白酒中的挥发性成分。
顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定北极虾虾头的挥发性成分

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定北极虾虾头的挥发性成分摘要 [htss]为了测定北极虾(p. borealis)虾头中的挥发性风味成分,采用顶空固相微萃取hs spme gc ms c5~c20系列标准品进行kovats保留指数(rentention index, ri)验证,在此基础上利用未知物标准品匹配法最终确证。
对虾头中的62种挥发性化合物进行了定性及半定量分析,主要有烃类18种(27.98%)、醇类6种(9.57%)、酮类14种(21.93%)、脂类5种(13.20%)、醛类8种( 2.86%1种(0.41%)、含氮化合物4种(19.58%)、含硫化合物1种(0.71%)及未知物4种( 3.76%3,52(反,反)3,32133262头风味特征的主要贡献;醋酸乙酯等脂类化合物和13 2113(如三甲胺)的含量达12.61%致虾头明显的腥味和虾的特征风味。
结果表明,以gc ms结合ri及standard确证进行复杂未知物的定性鉴定,增加了结果的可信度。
建立了北极虾虾头挥发性风味化合物的检测方法,为水产品复杂挥发性风味化合物的分析检测提供参考。
关键词 [htss]北极虾虾头;挥发性风味;顶空固相微萃取保留指数1 引言天然化合物中香气物质具有复杂性和未知性,对其进行定性与定量分析存在很大难度。
气相色谱gc ms)是目前常用的挥发性成分分离与鉴定方法[1,2]对于复杂未知组分的分析,仅依靠质谱定性,可信度低。
采用保留指数(retention index, ri)与ms共同定性,使准确度大大提高[3~5]giri等[6]ms ri及标准品对照多重筛选法,检测了发酵鱼酱的香气; pontes等[7]gcms结合ri定性,检测了百香果香料的51种香气化合物;连宗衍等[8]spme gc ms分析了广藿香中的挥发性成分。
国内关于风味化合物的分析多采用ms直接定性,较少利用ri进行验证。
但目前通常都要求gc ms分析未知挥发性化合物时计算其ri 值,认为以gc ms结合ri及标准品(std)匹配法进行定性分析是可信度最高的方法。
两种焦糖色的特征风味成分和4-甲基咪唑分析

两种焦糖色的特征风味成分和4-甲基咪唑分析林琪;金涛;罗睿林;金发明;张琦弦;姚开;何强;迟原龙【摘要】采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析普通法和亚硫酸铵法焦糖色的挥发性成分和特征风味物质,并采用高效液相色谱法测定两种焦糖色中的主要危害物质4-甲基咪唑.结果显示,普通法焦糖色和亚硫酸铵法焦糖色中挥发性成分种类分别为35种和25种,挥发性物质总含量分别为663μg/kg和175μg/kg,风味成分总含量分别为493μg/kg和164μg/kg,表明普通法焦糖色具有更优良的风味.普通法焦糖色的特征风味成分为乙酸、糠醇、2-乙酰呋喃、2-吡咯甲醛、5-甲基糠醛和N-糠基吡咯;亚硫酸铵法焦糖色为5-甲基糠醛、糠醇、2-吡咯甲醛、2-乙酰呋喃和呋喃酮.普通法和亚硫酸铵法焦糖色中的4-甲基咪唑的含量分别为1.49 mg/kg和1.75 mg/kg,远低于国家限量标准(200 mg/kg),表明这两种焦糖色都具有较高的安全性.【期刊名称】《中国测试》【年(卷),期】2018(044)007【总页数】5页(P51-55)【关键词】焦糖色;普通法;亚硫酸铵法;特征风味成分;4-甲基咪唑【作者】林琪;金涛;罗睿林;金发明;张琦弦;姚开;何强;迟原龙【作者单位】四川大学轻纺与食品学院健康食品科学评价研究中心,四川成都610065;绵竹市土门食品厂,四川德阳 618200;成都市食品药品检验研究院,四川成都 610041;绵竹市土门食品厂,四川德阳 618200;四川大学轻纺与食品学院健康食品科学评价研究中心,四川成都 610065;四川大学轻纺与食品学院健康食品科学评价研究中心,四川成都 610065;四川大学轻纺与食品学院健康食品科学评价研究中心,四川成都 610065;四川大学轻纺与食品学院健康食品科学评价研究中心,四川成都 610065;成都市食品药品检验研究院,四川成都 610041【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TS264.4;O657.70 引言焦糖色是食用色素中用量最大、使用范围最广的天然食品添加剂之一,它可以显著提升食品的色泽和风味等感官品质,主要应用于调味品、饮料、糖果中[1]。
基于电子鼻与GC-MS分析精氨酸-葡萄糖美拉德反应体系挥发性风味成分的差异性

圆园21年3月第42卷第6期基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31701628)作者简介:贝翠平(1993—),女(汉),硕士研究生,研究方向:肉制品加工与质量安全控制。
*通信作者:柳艳霞(1978—),女(汉),副教授,博士,研究方向:畜产品加工及品质控制。
DOI :10.12161/j.issn.1005-6521.2021.06.025基于电子鼻与GC-MS 分析精氨酸-葡萄糖美拉德反应体系挥发性风味成分的差异性贝翠平1,2,柳艳霞1,2*,赵改名1,2,张丽萍1,2,张忆臻1,2(1.河南农业大学食品科学技术学院,河南郑州450002;2.河南省肉制品加工与质量安全控制重点实验室,河南郑州450002)摘要:为研究不同反应时间对精氨酸-葡萄糖美拉德反应体系挥发性风味物质的影响,利用电子鼻与气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ,GC-MS ),结合主成分分析(principal component analysis ,PCA )和线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis ,LDA ),对不同反应时间精氨酸-葡萄糖美拉德反应体系的挥发性风味成分进行差异性分析。
结果显示:PCA 和LDA 均能够较好地区分30d 和40d 的样品,但对于其它样品PCA 区分效果要比LDA 好。
GC-MS 从精氨酸-葡萄糖美拉德反应体系中共检测出50种挥发性物质,可分为醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类、烷烃类和其它类化合物等6类物质,其中酯类物质为10、20d 样品中的主要挥发性物质,醇类物质是20d 和30d 样品中的主要挥发性成分,不同反应时间主要挥发性成分差异显著。
对不同精氨酸-葡萄糖美拉德反应体系样品挥发性物质进行主成分分析,建立其品质评价模型,得出不同时间的综合得分顺序依次为20、10、60、40、30d 和50d 。
关键词:美拉德;精氨酸;线性判别分析;主成分分析;电子鼻;气相色谱-质谱法Analysis of the Difference of Volatile Flavor Components of Arginine-Glucose Maillard Reaction SystemBased on Electronic Nose and GC-MSBEI Cui-ping 1,2,LIU Yan-xia 1,2*,ZHAO Gai-ming 1,2,ZHANG Li-ping 1,2,ZHANG Yi-zhen 1,2(1.College of Food Science and Technology ,Henan Agricultural University ,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan ,China ;2.Henan Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Safety Control ,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan ,China )Abstract :In order to study the effect of different reaction times on the volatile flavor compounds of thearginine -glucose Maillard reaction system ,an electronic nose and gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC-MS )were used in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA )and linear discriminant analysis (LDA )were used to analyze the difference of the volatile flavor components of the arginine-glucose Maillard reaction system at different reaction times.The results showed that both PCA and LDA could distinguish 30d and 40d samples better ,but for other samples ,PCA was better than LDA.GC-MS had detected a total of 50volatile substances from the arginine-glucose Maillard reaction system ,which could be divided into 6types of substances including alcohols ,aldehydes ,ketones ,esters ,alkanes and other compounds.Ester substances were the main volatile substances in the 10d and 20d samples ,and alcohols were the main volatile constituents in the 20d and 30d samples.The main volatile constituents were significantly different at different reaction times.Principal component analysis was performed on the volatile substances of different arginine -glucose Maillard reaction system samples ,the quality evaluation model was established ,and the order of comprehensive scores at different times was 20,10,60,40,30d and 50d.Key words :Maillard ;arginine ;linear discriminant analysis ;principal component analysis ;electronic nose ;gas chromatography-mass spectrometry检测分析146圆园21年3月第42卷第6期美拉德反应是一种非酶促褐变反应,发生在食品的烹调、加工以及储藏过程中,并对其风味、颜色、质构、营养等性质产生重要的影响[1-2]。
SPME-GC-MS结合化学计量学方法分析4种植物油挥发性成分

SPME-GC-MS结合化学计量学方法分析4种植物油挥发性成分喻晴;王远兴【摘要】采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(SPME-GC-MS)对茶油、菜籽油、花生油、大豆油4种植物油的挥发性成分进行定性定量分析,共鉴别出140种挥发性成分,其中山茶油和大豆油共检测出51种挥发性成分,菜籽油和花生油共检测出54种挥发性成分.主要为醛类、烷烃类、酯类、醇类、杂环类、酮类、烯烃类、酚类等物质.由于4种不同植物油的挥发性成分差别较大,利用主成分分析方法分析4种植物油挥发性成分的差异.结果表明,前3种主成分累积贡献率达到80.8%,4种不同的植物油能通过挥发性成分的差异被完全区分开,这些挥发性成分含量的差异,形成不同品种植物油各自的风味特征.【期刊名称】《南昌大学学报(理科版)》【年(卷),期】2019(043)003【总页数】11页(P231-240,245)【关键词】植物油;固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用;挥发性成分;化学计量学【作者】喻晴;王远兴【作者单位】南昌大学食品科学与技术国家重点实验室,江西南昌 330047;南昌大学食品科学与技术国家重点实验室,江西南昌 330047【正文语种】中文【中图分类】O653食用植物油的挥发性成分是一个复杂的体系,各挥发性成分共同赋予了植物油特有的风味。
因此,挥发性成分的测定常常用来作为植物油掺假鉴别的手段之一,通常采用固相微萃取-气质联用法进行测定与分析[1]。
固相微萃取(SPME)是20世纪90年代兴起的一项新型样品前处理与富集手段,具有效率高、简便、无溶剂、经济、选择性好及实用性强等特点,大大提高了分析检测的效率和准确性[2],发展至今短短的10年时间,已广泛应用于肉类、谷物、酒类、水果以及油脂等食品香气的分析研究中。
通过GC-MS检测待测样本后所得到的样品信息具有数据信息复杂、多维数据矩阵内各变量之间具有高度的相关性等特点,通常无法用单变量分析方法进行提取,利用主成分分析方法可高效率、高分辨地确定引起组间差异的成分[3-4],简化数据和揭示变量间的关系。
传统四川泡菜中挥发性成分分析

传统四川泡菜中挥发性成分分析徐丹萍;蒲彪;陈安均;卓志航;杨岚清;张楠【摘要】采用顶空固相微萃取(headspace solid phase micro-extraction,HS-SPME)结合气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)技术对不同原料的传统四川泡菜中挥发性成分进行检测、分析.结果表明:5种原料泡菜中共检出化合物80种.不同原料泡菜中检出的挥发性成分差异较大,泡萝卜、泡芥菜、泡甘蓝、泡黄瓜、泡芹菜中分别检出化合物38、23、24、22、24种.酯类、醛类、酮类、醇类、萜类、芳香族化合物、含硫化合物及杂环化合物对泡菜风味形成具有重要影响.其中酯类是泡萝卜、泡芥菜和泡甘蓝中的特征挥发性成分,醛类、萜类分别是泡黄瓜、泡芹菜的特征挥发性成分.泡芥菜和泡甘蓝中异硫氰酸烯丙酯含量最高,泡萝卜、泡黄瓜、泡芹菜中含量最高的风味物质分别是中1-异硫代氰酸丁、反式-2,6-壬二烯醛、右旋萜二烯.对四川泡菜独特风味形成具有重要作用的风味物质是异硫氰酸戊酯、异硫氰酸苯乙酯、苯甲醛、壬醛、癸醛、右旋萜二烯和萘.【期刊名称】《食品与发酵工业》【年(卷),期】2014(040)011【总页数】6页(P227-232)【关键词】泡菜;固相微萃取;气相色谱-质谱法;挥发性成分【作者】徐丹萍;蒲彪;陈安均;卓志航;杨岚清;张楠【作者单位】四川农业大学食品学院,四川雅安,625014;四川农业大学食品学院,四川雅安,625014;四川农业大学食品学院,四川雅安,625014;四川农业大学林学院,四川雅安,625014;四川农业大学食品学院,四川雅安,625014;四川农业大学食品学院,四川雅安,625014【正文语种】中文传统泡菜在中国历史悠久,人均消费量大,风味独特,挥发性成分多样,其种类及含量除了受到微生物种类和数量、发酵时间、发酵温度、发酵方式等因素的影响[1-2],与泡菜原料种类关系密切。
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Odorant MW CAS No. Structure Odorpentane 72.1 109-66-0 alkanepropanal58.09 123-38-6solvent, pungenthexane 86.1 110-54-3 alkanetrimethylamine59.11 75-50-3fishmethanethiol48.10 74-93-1sulfur, gasoline, garlicheptane 100.1 142-82-5 alkaneethanal44.0 75-07-0pungent, etherdimethyl sulfide62.0 75-18-3cabbage, sulfur, gasolineoctane 114.1 111-65-9 alkane2-methylpropanal 72.1 78-84-2pungent, malt, greenbutanal72.1 123-72-8pungent, greenethyl formate74.0 109-94-4pungentdiethyl acetal118.17 105-57-7fruit, creamnonane 128.2 111-84-2 alkaneethyl acetate88.1 141-78-6pineapple3-methylbutanal 86.1 590-86-3malt2-methylbutanal 86.1 96-17-3cocoa, almondmethyl methylpropanoate102.1 547-63-7flowerethanol46.0 64-17-5sweetpentanal86.1 110-62-3almond, malt, pungentmethyl ethyl ketone72.11 78-93-3etherethyl propionate102.1 105-37-3fruitethyl isobutyrate116.16 97-62-1sweet, rubbermethyl ethyl sulfide76.16 624-89-5sulfur, garlicmethylbutenol86.1 115-18-4herb2,3-butanedione 86.0 431-03-8butterpentenone84.1 1629-58-9fish, pungent2-pentanone86.1 107-87-9ether, fruit3-pentanone86.1 96-22-0ethermethyl butanoate102.1 623-42-7ether, fruit, sweetthiophene84.14 110-02-1garlicdecane 142.2 124-18-5 alkane2-methylpentan-3-one 100.1 565-69-5mintpyrrolidine71.22 123-75-1alkalinemethyl 2-methylbutanoate 116.1 868-57-5apple2-methylpropyl acetate 116.16 110-19-0fruit, apple, bananaα-thujene136.23 2867-05-2wood, green, herbmethyl 3-methylbutanoate 116.1 556-24-1applebutanol74.1 78-92-2winemercaptoacetaldehyde76.11 4124-63-4cabbageethyl butyrate116.1 105-54-4appleα-pinene136.1 80-56-8pine, turpentinemethyl thiocyanate73.11 556-64-9sulfurpropanol60.1 71-23-8alcohol, pungenttoluene92.1 108-88-3paint(S)-(+)-ethyl-2-methylbutanoate 130.18 10307-61-6apple(E)-2-butenal 70.09 123-73-9flowerethyl methylbutyrate130.1 7452-79-1apple2,3-pentadione100.1 600-14-6cream, butterhexanone130.19 108-64-5ether, grapealpha,γ-dimethylallyl alcohol86.13 1569-50-2green, vinylethyl 3-methylbutanoate130.19 108-64-5fruitdimethyl disulfide94.0 624-92-0onion, cabbage, putridbutyl acetate116.1 123-86-4pearcamphene136.1 79-92-5camphor2-methylthiophene98.0 554-14-3sulfurhexanal100.1 66-25-1grass, tallow, fatpentanoic acid102.1 109-52-4sweatmethylbutenthiol102.20 5287-45-6amine, smokeisobutanol74.1 78-83-1wine, solvent, bitterundecane 156.2 1120-21-4 alkanemethyl-2-butenal84.12 1115-11-3green, fruithexenone98.1 1629-60-3cooked vegetable, metal3-pentanol96.5 584-02-1fruitfucoserratene108.18 33580-05-1green, plastic2-methyl-1-butanol88.50 1565-80-6malt(Z)-2-penten-1-ol86.13 1576-95-0green, plastic, rubberepoxylinalool170.25 14049-11-7flowermethylpentanol102.6 590-36-3pungent2-methylbutyl acetate130.18 624-41-9fruitβ-pinene136.1 127-91-3pine, resin, turpentineisoamyl acetate130.1 123-92-2banana2-pentanol88.1 6032-29-7greensabinene136.24 3387-41-5pepper, turpentine, woodmethyl-2-butenol86.1 556-82-1herb(E)-2-pentenal 84.1 1576-87-0strawberry, fruit, tomatoethyl pentanoate 130.1 539-82-2yeast, fruit4-methyl-3-penten-2-one98.14 141-79-7sweet, chemical2-hexanone100.1 591-78-6ether1-butanol74.1 71-36-3medicine, fruitmyrcene136.24 123-35-3balsamic, must, spice(Z)-3-hexenal 98.1 6789-80-6leaf, greenδ-3-carene136.1 13466-78-9lemon, resinthiophane88.17 110-01-0cabbagem-xylene106.17 108-38-3plastic3-hydroxy-2-pentanone 102.5 3142-66-3herb, truffle3-mercapto-2-butanone 104.17 40789-98-8onionpentenol86.1 616-25-1butter, pungentpropyl propanoate116.1 106-36-5pineapple8-nonen-2-one 140.22 5009-32-5bakedα-phellandrene136.1 99-83-2turpentine, mint, spice2-hydroxy-3-pentanone 102.5 5704-20-1truffle, earth, nutazine,pyridine 79.10 110-86-1rancid2-heptanone114.1 110-43-0soapheptanal114.1 111-71-7fat, citrus, rancid2-methylpyrazine 94.1 109-08-0popcornlimonene136.1 138-86-3lemon, orangeα-terpinene136.1 99-86-5lemon3-ethoxy-1-propanol 104.1 111-35-3fruitethyl isohexanoate144.21 25415-67-2fruito-xylene106.17 95-47-6geranium1,4-cineole154.25 470-67-7spicemethyl hexanoate130.1 106-70-7fruit, fresh, sweet1-(methylthio)ethanethiol108.23 31331-53-0thiamin(E)-2-hexenal98.14 85761-70-2green, leaf2-propyl butanoate 130.1 638-11-9pungent, fruit2,3-dehydro-1,8-cineole152.23 92760-25-3mint, lemon2-hydroxymethylfuran 98.0 98-00-0burntdodecane 170.2 112-40-3 alkane(+)-limonene,136.24 5989-27-5citrus, mint2-hexenal98.14 505-57-7fat, rancid3-methyl-1-butanol88.1 123-51-3whiskey, malt, burnt2-methyl-1-butanol88.15 137-32-6wine, onionβ-phellandrene136.1 555-10-2mint, terpentine1,8-cineole154.25 470-82-6mint, sweet3-methyl-2-butanone 86.1 563-80-4camphor(E)-2-hexenal 98.1 6728-26-3apple, greenethyl hexanoate144.1 123-66-0apple peel, fruit1-hepten-3-one 112.2 2918-13-0metal4-methoxy-2-methyl-2-butanethiol 134.24 94087-83-9cat, black currant3-heptanol116.20 589-82-2herb(Z)-ocimene 136.1 27400-71-1herb2,4-dimethylthiazole 113.2 541-58-2rubber, mold(Z)-2-hexenol 100.6 928-94-9leaf, green, wine, fruitpropyl butyrate130.1 105-66-8pineapple, solvent(Z)-4-heptenal 112.1 6728-31-0biscuit, cream(Z)-6-decenal 154.25 105683-99-6tallow, green2-methylpyridine 93.13 109-06-8sweatallyl isothiocyanate, allyspol99.16 57-06-7sulfur, pungent, garlic3-mercapto-2-pentanone 118.2 67633-97-0sulfur, onion, meatγ-terpinene136.1 99-85-4gasoline, turpentinedimethyl pyrazine108.14 5910-89-4nut, peanut butter, cocoa, meat2-pentylfuran138.21 3777-69-3green bean, butterstyrene104.15 100-42-5balsamic, gasolinemethyl-2-(methylthio)acetate120.17 16630-66-3cooked potato, roasted nut(E)-β-ocimene136.1 3779-61-1sweet, herb(E)-2-heptenal 112.1 18829-55-5soap, fat, almond3-octanone128.1 106-68-3herb, butter, resin(Z)-ocimene,136.23 3338-55-4citrus, herb, flower2-mercapto-3-pentanone 118.2 17042-24-9roasted meatbornyl methyl ether168.28 10395-54-7earth, mustdimethyl pyrazine108.14 123-32-0cocoa, roasted nut, roast beef, medicine1-pentanol88.1 71-41-0balsamic2,4-hexadienal96.1 80466-34-8green4-methylhexanol116.20 818-49-5sweatp-cymene134.22 99-87-6solvent, gasoline, citrus1-cyclohexen-3-one96.13 930-68-7pesticideethyl mercaptopropionate134.2 19788-49-9sulfurhexyl acetate144.21 142-92-7fruit, herbdimethyl sulfone90.13 67-71-0sulfur, burnthexanethiol118.1 111-31-9sulfur2-heptanol116.1 543-49-7mushroomdimethylthiazole113.18 3581-91-7roast, smokedimethylfuranthiol128.2 55764-23-3meatoctanal128.0 124-13-0fat, soap, lemon, green(Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one 124.1 65767-22-8geranium, metalmethyldihydrofuranthiol116.18 26486-13-5meatδ-terpinene136.1 586-62-9pine, plastic2-octanone128.1 111-13-7soap, gasoline(Z)-3-octen-2-one 126.20 51193-77-2nut2-ethylpyridine107.15 100-71-0grass3-hydroxy-2-butanone 88.1 513-86-0butter, cream5-methyl-(E)-2-hepten-4-one 126.20 102322-83-8hazelnut, nut2-pentylpyridine149.24 2294-76-0fat(+)-α-phellandrene136.24 2243-33-6dillmethyl-p-xylene120.19 95-63-6plasticbutyl isothiocyanate115.20 592-82-5sulfur, pungent, greenperillen150.22 539-52-6wood2-hepten-1-al112.17 2463-63-0greentridecane 184.2 629-50-5 alkane2-methyl-3-furanthiol 114.2 28588-74-1meatdimethyl pyrazine108.14 108-50-9roasted nut, cocoa, roast beef1-octen-3-one 126.1 4312-99-6mushroom, metal(E)-2-methyl-3-tetrahydrofuranthiol 118.20 26548-78-7onion3-thienyl mercaptan 116.21 7774-73-4cooked meat4-methylthio-2-butanone118.2 34047-39-7fruit2-acetyl-1-pyrroline 111.14 85213-22-5nut, roast(Z)-2-octenal 126.1 20664-46-4green leaf, walnut(E)-2-penten-1-ol86.13 1576-96-1mushroom(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate 142.1 3681-71-8green, banana2-octanol130.1 123-96-6mushroom, fat2-acetyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine125.17 25343-57-1caramel6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one 126.1 110-93-0pepper, mushroom, rubber1,5-octadien-3-ol126.20 83861-74-9earth, herb(-)-cis-rose oxide154.25 3033-23-6sweet, rose(+)-cis-rose oxide154.25 876-17-5green, flower(E)-1,5-octadien-3-one 260.40 359794-78-8earth, mustethylmethyl pyrazine122.1 13360-64-0fruit, sweet(E)-2-octenal 126.1 2548-87-0green, nut, fat(Z)-3-nonenal 142.9 31823-43-5cucumber2-methyl-dithiacyclopentane 120.0 5616-51-3sulfur2-methyl anisole122.16 578-58-5warm, flower, walnut(E)-3-nonenal 140.22 109351-28-2fatβ-carene136.23 554-60-9orange peel2-ethyl pyrazine108.14 13925-00-3peanut butter, woodethyl lactate118.1 97-64-3fruit1-hexanol102.1 111-27-3resin, flower, green2-propionylpyrrole123.15 1073-26-3roast, popcorn2,3,4,5-tetrahydroanisole112.17 931-57-7herb, spice5-(methylthio)-valeronitrile129.22 59121-25-4broccoli, cabbage3-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone 132.22 75832-79-0black curranttrimethylthiazole127.0 13623-11-5earth(E,Z)-2,4-heptadienal 110.16 4313-02-4fried(E)-rose oxide154.25 5258-11-7flowerp-menthatriene134.1 18368-95-1turpentine(E)-2-hexen-1-ol 100.1 928-95-0green, leaf, walnutdimethyl trisulfide126.0 3658-80-8sulfur, fish, cabbagemethylethylpyrazine122.17 33504-66-4sweatnonanal142.1 124-19-6fat, citrus, green1-nitro-2-phenylethane 151.16 6125-24-2flower, spicebenzylmethyl ether122.1 538-86-3metal(3E)-3-hexen-1-ol 100.16 928-97-2moss, freshethyl 4-hydroxybutanoate 132.16 999-10-0caramel3-octanol130.23 589-98-0moss, nut, mushroomisopropyl hexanoate158.1 2311-46-8fresh3-octen-2-one126.20 1669-44-9nut, crushed bug2-nonanone142.1 821-55-6hot milk, soap, greenmethyl octanoate158.1 111-11-5orange2-formylthiophene112.0 98-03-3sulfur(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol 100.1 928-96-1grass2-isobutyl thiazole141.24 18640-74-9tomato leaf, green4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone132.22 19872-52-7box treebutyl methylbutyrate158.24 15706-73-7fruit, cocoa2-acetylpyrrole109.13 1072-83-9nut, walnut, bread1-octen-3-ol 128.1 3391-86-4mushroomtrimethyl-pyrazine122.1 14667-55-1roast, potato, must2-methyl-3-ethylpyrazine 122.1 15707-23-0roast2-methyl-3-thiophenethiol 130.23 2527-76-6medicine5-isopropyl-2-methylpyrazine136.19 13925-05-8sweattetradecane 198.2 629-59-4 alkane(E,E)-2,4-heptadienal 110.1 4313-03-5nut, fat2,3-dimethyl-6-ethylpyrazine 136.1 15707-34-3burnt, popcorn2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenal 140.1 106-72-9fruit, green, melonα-ocimene136.23 502-99-8fruit, wet cloth1-nonen-3-one 140.22 24415-26-7pungent, mushroom2-propionyl-1-pyrroline 125.17 133447-37-7roast2-octenal126.20 2363-89-5greenartemisia ketone152.23 546-49-6green, herb2-methoxy-3,6-dimethylpyrazine138.17 19846-22-1earthα-p-dimethylstyrene132.20 1195-32-0citrus, pine(Z)-linalool oxide170.25 5989-33-3flowercis-sabinene hydrate154.25 15537-55-0balsamiclinalool oxide170.25 1365-19-1flower, woodisopropylmethoxypyrazine152.1 25773-40-4pea, earthlimonene oxide152.1 1195-92-2fruitthenylthiol130.23 6258-63-5sulfurethyl cyclohexanoate156.22 3289-28-9fruitfufuryl mercaptan114.0 98-02-2coffee, roastp, a -dimethylstyrol132.20 27576-03-0gasolineartemisia alcohol154.25 29887-38-5herb3,5-octadien-2-one 124.18 38284-27-4fruit, fat, mushroom2,5-dimethyl-3-ethylpyrazine136.1 13360-65-1potato, roast5-ethyl-2,4-dimethylthiazole 141.1 38205-61-7earthdurene134.22 95-93-2rancid, sweetethyl octanoate172.1 106-32-1fruit, fat4-methyl-3-thiazoline 101.2 52558-99-3garlicdihydromyrcenol156.27 18479-58-8tart lime, citrus, cologne2-pentylthiophene154.27 4861-58-9sweet, fruitpentyl butanoate158.1 540-18-1banana(Z,Z)-3,6-nonadienal 138.9 21944-83-2fat, soappropyl hexanoate158.24 626-77-7fruitethyl heptylate158.24 106-30-9fruit2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine 136.20 13925-07-0potatodihydrolinalool156.27 18479-49-7wood, citrus, camphor(E)-linalool oxide170.25 34995-77-2floweracetic acid60.0 64-19-7sourfurfural96.0 98-01-1bread, almond, sweetdimethylethyl pyrazine136.20 13925-07-0roastmethional104.0 3268-49-3cooked potatotrans-sabinene hydrate154.25 17699-16-0wood, balsamicα-cubebene204.35 17699-14-8herb, wax(methylbutenyl)-methylfuran150.22 15186-51-3mintmethyl cyclohexanecarboxylate142.20 4630-82-4fruit, esterheptanol116.1 111-70-6chemical, green(Z)-limonene oxide152.23 13837-75-7fresh, citrus4-ethyl-6-hepten-3-one140.22 131671-56-2fish(E)-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol152.23 7212-40-0fresh, mint2-pinen-5-ol 152.23 168564-54-3must, dust6(10)-dihydromyrcenol156.27 18479-58-8tart lime, citrus, colognementhone154.25 89-80-5fresh, greenphenol94.11 108-95-2phenolnerol oxide152.23 1786-08-9oil, flower(E)-limonene oxide152.23 4959-35-7fresh, citrus4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanol134.24 31539-84-1flower, lemondecanal156.2 112-31-2soap, orange peel, tallow2-ethyl-1-hexanol 130.2 104-76-7rose, greenpentyl methylbutyrate172.27 68039-26-9applecitronellal154.25 106-23-0fatα-copaene204.34 3856-25-5wood, spice(+)-(E)-limonene oxide152.23 6909-30-4greenacetylfuran110.0 1192-62-7balsamicmenthone154.25 10458-14-7mintcamphor152.1 76-22-2camphorbenzaldehyde106.0 100-52-7almond, burnt sugaroctyl acetate172.1 2051-50-5fruitbutylmethoxypyrazine166.22 24168-70-5carrot, earthpentadecane 212.3 629-62-9 alkane2-nonenal140.22 2463-53-8papernonanol144.25 143-08-8fat, greenmethyldihydrothiophenone116.18 13679-85-1cabbage, onion, mustisoborneol154.25 124-76-5must, camphordiethylmethylpyrazine150.22 18138-05-1baked4-pentenyl isothiocyanate127.21 18060-79-2mustard, horseradishisobutylmethoxypyrazine166.1 24683-00-9earth, spice, green pepper(Z)-2-nonenal 140.22 60784-31-8orris, fat, cucumberbenzyl acetate150.1 140-11-4fresh, boiled vegetablecis-isocitral153.0 72203-97-5greenmethylcyclopentapyrazine132.16 65128-99-6roastcamphene hydrate154.25 465-31-6camphor2-methyl-3-(methyldithio) furan 160.26 65505-17-1thiamin, meat3-mercapto-3-methylbutyl formate 148.22 50746-10-6cat, roastpropanoic acid74.08 79-09-4pungent, rancid, soyethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate132.1 5405-41-4marshmallow1-octen-3-hydroperoxide 144.8 72755-76-1metal, mushroom(epoxymethylbutyl)-methylfuran166.22 92356-06-4green, earth, citrus(Z)-3-hexenyl butanoate170.25 16491-36-4wine, green5-methyl-2-furfurylthiol 128.19 59303-05-8sulfur, roast(E)-2-nonenal140.22 18829-56-6cucumber, fat, greendill ether151.1 74410-10-9dill(E)-3,7-dimethyl-3,6-octadienal 152.24 72203-98-6greenhexyl butanoate172.1 2639-63-6apple peeldiethylmethyl pyrazine150.1 18138-04-0potato, meat, roast2-nonanol144.25 628-99-9cucumberlinalool154.25 78-70-6flower, lavenderp-2-menthen-1-ol154.25 619-62-5herb8-p-menthen-2-ol 154.25 619-01-2mint, spice4-acetyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene 138.1 70286-20-3spice(Z)-3-hexenyl-2-methylbutanoate184.28 53398-85-9herb, sweetbutyl hexanoate172.1 626-82-4fruit(Z)-dihydrocarvone152.23 3792-53-8herb, warm2-undecanone170.2 112-12-9orange, fresh, green(E,Z)-2,4-nonadienal138.21 21661-99-4geranium, pungent(Z)-4-decenal154.25 21662-09-9green, mustcarveol152.23 99-48-9fresh, spearmint, carawayβ-cubebene204.35 13744-15-5citrus, fruit2,4-nonadienal138.1 6750-03-4watermelonethyl octenoate171.0 2351-90-8must, oil, fruit, pungent(E)-dihydrocarvone152.23 5948-04-9warm, herb1-octanol130.1 111-87-5chemical, metal, burntethenyl-dimethylpyrazine205.2 157615-33-3earthα-fenchyl alcohol154.25 14575-74-7camphor(E)-6-decenal154.25 147159-48-6cucumber5-methylfurfural110.0 620-02-0almond, caramel, burnt sugardihydroterpinyl acetate306.40 58985-18-5pine, citrusisodihydrocarveol154.25 18675-35-9wood, spiceisobutyric acid88.1 79-31-2rancid, butter, cheesemethyl geranate182.26 1189-09-9flower, green, fruitlinalyl acetate196.29 115-95-7sweet, fruit2-methyl-2-(methyldithio)propanal150.3 67952-60-7smoke, fatlinalyl formate182.26 115-99-1citrus, corianderisocaryophyllene204.36 118-65-0woodmethyl nonanoate172.1 1731-84-6coconutepoxy-p-menthene152.23 13955-48-1mint, dillfenchyl alcohol154.25 1632-73-1camphor2,6-nonadienal138.21 557-48-2cucumber, wax, greendiethyl malonate160.1 105-53-3applesyntexan, dimethyl sulfoxide 78.13 67-68-5garlicdimethylmethoxyfuranone142.15 4077-47-8caramel, sweet, mildewdimethyl tetrasulfide157.9 5756-24-1cabbage, sulfur2,3-butanediol90.1 513-85-9fruit, onion2-acetylpyridine121.1 1122-62-9popcornisopulegyl acetate196.26 89-49-6mint, leafβ-bourbonene5208-59-3herbnonyl acetate186.29 143-13-5sweet, fruitethenyl-ethylmethylpyrazine148.21 181589-32-2earthmethylisoborneol168.28 2371-42-8earth, mustepoxy-2-octenal140.18 134452-45-2metalhexyl methylbutyrate186.2 10032-15-2strawberry(R)-linden ether150.2 125811-37-2mintbenzothiazole135.0 95-16-9gasoline, rubber3-terpinen-1-ol154.25 586-82-3must2-decenal154.25 3913-81-3tallow1-terpinen-4-ol154.25 562-74-3turpentine, nutmeg, mustphenyl cyanide103.12 100-47-0rancidmethyl decanoate186.2 110-42-9winepiperitone152.23 89-81-6mint, freshβ-caryophyllene204.35 87-44-5wood, spiceβ-elemene204.35 33880-83-0herb, wax, freshmyrtenal150.1 23727-16-4spiceisobornyl formate182.26 1200-67-5green, earth, camphordihydromethylcyclopentapyrazine134.18 23747-48-0roast, nutchavicol134.18 501-92-8medicine, phenolβ-cyclocitral152.1 432-25-7mintp-menthenethiol170.32 71159-90-5grapefruitmethyl benzoate136.1 93-58-3prune, lettuce, herb, sweetethyl phenylacetate164.20 101-97-3fruit, sweethydrocinnamic alcohol136.19 122-97-4cinnamon, anise, fruitaromadendrene204.35 489-39-4woodhexadecane 226.3 544-76-3 alkane(Z)-2-decenal154.25 2497-25-8tallowcitral152.1 5392-40-5lemonacetylpyrazine122.0 22047-25-2roast2,4-octadienal124.1 30361-28-5green, seaweed, cucumberp-anisyl alcohol138.17 105-13-5flowersulfurol143.0 137-00-8sulfurcitronellyl acetate198.2 150-84-5rose, dust(E)-octenol128.1 18409-17-1soap, plasticbornyl formate188.26 7492-41-3greenbutyl octanoate200.2 589-75-3fruit2-decenal154.25 3913-71-1orangebutyric acid88.1 107-92-6rancid, cheese, sweat2-acetyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine125.17 27300-27-2caramelphenylethylthiol138.23 4410-99-5rubberhotrienol152.1 20053-88-7hyacinth2-acetylthiazole127.0 24295-03-2roast, nut, sulfurbenzoic acid122.0 65-85-0urinephenylethanal120.1 122-78-1hawthorne, honey, sweetl-menthol156.27 2216-51-5peppermintsafrole162.19 94-59-7spice, sweet, warm(E)-cinnamaldehyde132.16 14371-10-9cinnamon, paintpinocarveol152.23 4955-29-7flower2,4-decadienal152.1 65909-91-3seaweedethyl decanoate200.1 110-38-3grape(-)-γ-elemene204.35 29873-99-2green, wood, oilmethyl quinoxaline144.17 7251-61-8roast, nut, fruit(+)-carvone150.1 2244-16-8carawayalloaromadendrene204.35 25246-27-9woodacetophenone120.1 98-86-2must, flower, almondβ-terpineol154.25 138-87-4mustneoisomenthol156.27 491-02-1mentholγ-butyrolactone86.0 96-48-0caramel, sweetethyl benzoate150.1 93-89-0camomile, flower, celery, fruit(Z)-β-Farnesene204.35 28973-97-9citrus, greensafranal150.22 116-26-7herb, sweet(Z)-piperitol154.25 491-04-3herbpiperitol154.25 16721-39-4herb3-mercapto-3-methyl-1-butanol 118.2 34300-94-2meat brothestragole148.20 140-67-0licorice, aniseethyl undecanoate214.35 627-90-7cognac, coconutβ-farnesene204.35 18794-84-8wood, citrus, sweet2-isopentyl-3,6-dimethyl pyrazine 178.28 18433-98-2fruitmethylbutyric acid102.1 116-53-0cheese, sweatα-humulene204.35 6753-98-6woodisovaleric acid102.1 503-74-2sweat, acid, rancidmethyl-(methyldithio)furan160.26 65505-17-1cooked meat, thiaminneral152.1 106-26-3lemondihydrocarvyl acetate196.26 20777-49-5mint, camphor, medicine4-hexanolide114.14 695-06-7coumarin, sweet1,3-p-menthadien-7-al150.22 1197-15-5fat, spiceisobornyl propionate210.32 2756-56-1fruit, turpentineborneol154.25 507-70-0camphorlavandulol154.25 498-16-8herbethyl-3-hydroxyhexanoate 160.1 2305-25-1freshdimethoxytoluene152.19 131092-10-9hummuslinalyl butyrate224.34 78-36-4pear, sweetp-anisaldehyde136.1 123-11-5mint, sweet4-oxodecanal170.25 43160-78-7fat4-methylthiazole99.16 693-95-8roasted meatγ-muurolene204.35 30021-74-0herb, wood, spicebenzyl butanoate178.1 103-37-7plumδ-muurolene204.35 120021-96-7oilp-methoxystyrene134.18 637-69-4sweetheptyl 2-methylbutyrate200.32 50862-12-9appleα-terpineol154.25 98-55-5oil, anise, mintδ-elemene204.35 20307-84-0wooddiethyl succinate174.20 123-25-1wine, fruitethylfuranone112.1 2313-01-1spiceepoxy-2-nonenal154.21 128386-31-2metalbutyl benzoate178.1 136-60-7balsamicdecyl acetate 200.32 112-17-4orange, oillinalyl isovalerate238.37 1118-27-0sweet, apple, citrus3-(acetylthio)-2-methylfuran156.20 55764-25-5roasted meatmethylnonanedione170.25 113486-29-6straw, fruitterpinyl acetate196.29 80-26-2waxheptadecane 240.3 629-78-7 alkanecitronellyl isobutyrate226.36 97-89-2fruit, rosegermacrene D204.35 23986-74-5wood, spice2,4-nonadienal138.1 5910-87-2fat, wax, green(E,Z)-2,4-decadienal 152.1 25152-83-4fried, fat(E,E)-2,4-decadienal 152.1 25152-84-5fried, wax, fatβ-selinene204.2 17066-67-0herbgeranyl acetate196.29 105-87-3rose2-undecenal168.2 2463-77-6sweetα-muurolene204.35 10208-80-7wood(-)-β-bisabolene204.2 495-61-4balsamicgeranial152.1 141-27-5lemon, mintnaphthalene128.1 91-20-3tarundecanol172.2 112-42-5mandarinDL-carvone150.22 99-49-0mint, basil, fennellauric aldehyde184.2 112-54-9lily, fat, citrusmethionol106.2 505-10-2sweet, potatoα-farnesene204.35 502-61-4wood, sweetvalencene204.35 4630-07-3green, oilhexyl hexanoate200.2 6378-65-0apple peel, peach(Z)-3-hexenyl hexanoate198.30 31501-11-8fruit, prune(E,Z)-3,6-nonadien-1-ol140.22 56805-23-3fish3-mercaptohexyl-acetate176.28 136954-20-6box treestyrene glycol138.2 25779-13-9sweetdehydro-ar-ionene172.27 30364-38-6licoricebicyclogermacrene204.35 24703-35-3green, woodneryl acetate196.29 141-12-8fruitmethyl salicylate152.0 119-36-8peppermintethylfuranone112.1 2407-43-4spicep-mentha-dien-hydroperoxide168.23 32495-14-0turpentineδ-cadinene204.2 483-76-1thyme, medicine, woodcis-linalool pyran oxide170.25 14009-71-3citrus, green(-)-carvone150.22 6485-40-1mintγ-cadinene204.2 39029-41-9woodethylbenzaldehyde134.1 4748-78-1sweet2,6-nonadienol140.22 7786-44-9cucumbermethyl eugenol178.23 93-15-2clove, spicecumin aldehyde148.1 122-03-2acid, sharp4-acetyltoluene134.1 122-00-9bitter almondcarvyl acetate194.27 97-42-7green, spearmint(E)-2-undecenal168.28 53448-07-0soap, fat, greenp-menthadienhydroperoxide168.23 77026-83-6turpentineα-gurjunene204.35 489-40-7wood, balsamicbornyl butyrate146.86 13109-70-1herb, woodcitronellol156.27 106-22-9rosedecanol158.2 112-30-1fatperillaldehyde150.1 18031-40-8fatlinalyl valerate238.37 10471-96-2citrus, lavenderacetylthiazoline129.2 29926-41-8roast, popcornnerol154.1 106-25-2sweetγ-heptalactone128.2 105-21-5nut, fat, fruitgeosmin182.30 19700-21-1beet, earthnonadienol140.1 28069-72-9cucumberα-curcumene202.34 644-30-4herbbornyl isovalerate238.37 76-50-6herb, earth, green(E)-α-bergamotene204.35 13474-59-4wood, warm, teasesquiphellandrene204.35 73744-93-1sweet, fruit, herbisogeraniol154.1 5944-20-7roseβ-sesquiphellandrene204.35 20307-83-9woodethyl salicylate166.1 118-61-6wintergreen, mintacetylthiophene126.0 88-15-3sulfurS-(2-furfuryl)-ethanethioate156.20 13678-68-7roastformylmethyl thiophene126.0 13679-70-4sulfurcitronellyl butyrate226.36 141-16-2fruit, sweet, rosecadinadiene204.35 29837-12-5spice, fruiterucin161.29 4430-36-8cabbagemethyl laurate214.2 111-82-0fat, coconutoctadecane 254.3 593-45-3 alkaneα-guaiene204.35 3691-12-1wood, balsamicγ-selinene204.2 515-17-3wood(E)-β-damascone192.30 23726-91-2applep-menthadienhydroperoxide168.23 94268-57-2turpentinehexyl octanoate228.4 1117-55-1herb, green, oil2-dodecenal182.2 20407-84-5green, fat, sweetα-ionone192.2 127-41-3wood, violetisogeraniol154.25 16750-94-0roseβ-damascenone190.1 23726-93-4apple. rose, honeybutyl decanoate228.2 30673-36-0whiskeyperilla aldehyde150.22 2111-75-3spicep-menthadienhydroperoxide168.23 77026-84-7turpentinefurfurylmethyldisulphide160.26 57500-00-2smoketridecanal198.34 10486-19-8flower, sweet, mustasaricin192.21 18607-93-7spice, peppercaproic acid,hexanoic acid 116.1 142-62-1sweatβ-phenethyl acetate164.20 103-45-7rose, honey, tobaccoβ-guaiene204.35 88-84-6wood, spiceethyl-(E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate196.29 3025-30-7pearp-coumaric acid164.16 501-98-4balsamicp-menth-1-en-9-yl acetate196.29 28839-13-6fruit, herbp-cymenol150.22 1197-01-9citrus, must(E)-carveol152.1 1197-07-5caraway, solventhydroxydimethylcyclopentenone126.7 21835-00-7caramelgeranyl acetone194.2 3796-70-1magnolia, greenisopiperitone152.23 58615-39-7sweet, fruitethyl laurate228.2 106-33-2leafα-zingiberene204.35 495-60-3spice, fresh, sharp(Z)-carveol152.23 1197-06-4carawaygeraniol154.1 106-24-1rose, geraniumguaiacol124.14 90-05-1smoke, sweet, medicineelemicin208.25 487-11-6spice, flowerraspberry ketone164.1 5471-51-2raspberry12-methyltridecanal212.37 75853-49-5cooked meat, tallow, fat, meat broth,sweatgermacrene B204.35 15423-57-1wood, earth, spicebenzyl alcohol108.1 100-51-6sweet, flowerberteroin175.32 4430-42-6cabbagegeranyl butyrate224.34 106-29-6fruit, rose, apple3-mercaptohexanol134.24 51755-83-0sulfurcitronellyl valerate240.39 7540-53-6warm, honey, herb, roseγ-octalactone142.1 104-50-7coconut(Z)-oak-lactone156.22 55013-32-6spicegeranyl isovalerate238.37 109-20-6fruit, rose, applenonadecane 268.3 629-92-5 alkanep-menth-1-en-9-ol154.25 18479-68-0fruit, herbcaryophyllene alcohol56747-96-7moss, earth, spiceethyl dihydrocinnamate178.23 2021-28-5flowerβ-ionone192.3 79-77-6seaweed, violet, flower, raspberryisopropyl benzoate164.20 939-48-0sweet, fruit5-octanolide142.20 698-76-0peach2-phenylethyl alcohol122.16 60-12-8honey, spice, rose, lilaccalamenene202.34 483-77-2herb, spicemyristicin192.21 607-91-0spice, warm, balsamic(E)-oak lactone156.22 39638-67-0coconut, flowerguaiol222.37 489-86-1wood, balsamictetradecyl aldehyde212.37 124-25-4flower, waxdehydrocarveol150.22 28982-60-7oil, herb(E)-isoelemicin208.25 5273-85-8spice, flowerdill apiol222.24 484-31-1wood, spicetridecanol200.2 112-70-9mustmaltol140.14 118-71-8caramelepoxy-β-ionone208.30 23267-57-4fruit, sweet, woodgeranyl valerate238.37 10402-47-8rose, fruitcaryophyllene oxide220.36 1139-30-6herb, sweet, spice(E)-2-hexenoic acid114.14 13419-69-7must, fatlauryl alcohol186.2 112-53-8fat, waxmethyl jasmonate224.14 1211-29-6jasmine(E)-Whiskey lactone156.22 80041-01-6flower, lactone(Z)-whiskey lactone156.22 80041-00-5coconut(-)-cubenol222.37 21284-22-0spice, herb, green teamethyl tetradecanoate242.2 124-10-7orrisbulnesol222.37 22451-73-6spiceeicosane 282.3 112-95-8 alkaneβ-caryophyllene alcohol222.37 472-97-9earth, mossacetyloxy-dimethylfuranone170.16 4166-20-5caramelmethyl epijasmonate225.3 95722-42-2jasminecadina-1,4-dien-3-ol220.35 114791-16-1wood, spicemethylene bis(methyl sulfide)108.23 1618-26-4garlic, sulfurnerolidol222.2 40716-66-3wood, flower, wax(Z)-nerolidol222.37 3790-78-1waxmethyl dihydroepijasmonate212.2 39647-11-5jasmineβ-bisabolol222.37 15352-77-9sweet, herbhumulene oxide220.35 19888-33-6herbo-cresol108.1 95-48-7phenolepoxy-2-decenal168.23 134454-31-2metal, greenbutyl laurate256.4 106-18-3oillevomenol222.37 23089-26-1herb4-ethylguaiacol152.1 2785-89-9spice, cloveacetylpyrrolizine149.19 55041-85-5medicinepantolactone130.14 599-04-2cotton candyzingiberenol222.37 58334-55-7metal2,6-dimethylnaphthalene156.22 581-42-0grass(E)-2-dodecen-1-ol184.32 69064-37-5oil7-heptadecene239.7 54290-12-9alkaneγ-nonalactone156.1 104-61-0coconut, peachethyl tetradecanoate256.2 124-06-1etherfuraneol™112.1 3658-77-3caramelβ-farnesol222.37 58181-76-3flower, oilcinnamic acid148.1 140-10-3honeymethyl cinnamate162.1 1754-62-7strawberrydiethyl malate190.19 7554-12-3brown sugar, sweetmethyl cinnamate162.1 103-26-4strawberrycuminic alcohol150.22 536-60-7wood, herbpentadecanal226.2 2765-11-9freshp-cresol108.1 106-44-5medicine, phenol, smokebenzyl benzoate212.25 120-51-4balsamic, oil, herb。