高级口译口试题型及分析推荐

高级口译口试题型及分析推荐
高级口译口试题型及分析推荐

高级口译口试题型及分析推荐口译考试不到10%的通过率仍没有改变,所以口试部分就成了大部分考生心中“永远的痛”。一次,两次,三次,四次,屡战屡败,屡败屡战的人大有人在。有一个朋友,她从大一一入校就开始关注口译考试,笔试虽一次就过了,但口试奋斗了四次还是败走麦城,她总是笑称自己把大学最美好的时光都献给了口译考试,想起中的痛苦只有她自己才知道。

要想顺利通过口试,实力心理都不能忽视。在上外的小教室里等上一两个小时只为了不到十分钟的考试,面对两个面无表情的考官和一台冰冷冷的录音机不是每个考生都可以轻松面对的。我就听说一考生在听完第一段英译汉,就收拾好东西对考官说了句:See you next time就出去了。所以,在口试切记调整好自己的心态,放松。

当然,最重要的当数实力。中级口译口试英译汉汉译英各两篇,每篇四段,共有16段,每段有10—25个单词,后有15—30秒的停顿时间,时间比较充裕。很多考生在听完记完笔记后马上就翻,生怕时间不够,结果往往语无伦次,译文毫无逻辑可言,有时甚至连自己的笔记都辨认不出来,造成漏译。其实远不需要这么急,在听完后,花5秒左右整理一下自己的思路,效果要好很多,时间仍是绰绰有余。关于题型方面,我在前两年考口译时,大部分的题目截取自书

上的内容,只要把书背得滚瓜烂熟自是没有问题,我就认识一些考生愣是闭门足足背了两个月通过了考试,可谓苦尽甘来,可是究竟是否学到了东西不得而知。最近两年,口译考试大改革,一般不出现书上的内容,以实用为主。就中口来说,题型涉及最多的是国家介绍,国际经济会议,国际关系及上海发展,比如最新11月的口试就考到了东亚关系。除这些以外,有时还会考到一些比较偏的拉开档次,比如这次口试就考到了关于京剧的内容,令众考生纷纷。但是不用担心,口试16段译对11段就可以通过。所以,针对这个政策,我建议考生立足最重要的,尽量覆盖多方面内容,即首先把国家介绍,国际经济会议,国际关系及上海发展这三个方面的词汇句型多多加强,考试决逃不出一些套路。比如谈到上海基本都是“上海市一座历史文化名城,也是当今中国最为繁荣的经济中心之一,这些年,我们亲眼目睹了上海日新月异的变化”之类。这道题在中高口都有出现,所以这句话应该做到想都不用想直接脱口而出。

其次,也要注意一些其他的方面,比如食物,旅游,科技,音乐等等,这些都有曾考过,比如这次的高级口译考到了年糕,汤圆的译法,能译出的乃是凤毛麟角。所以准备口试,既要做到精,全也不可忽视。

口译考试的口试在每年的5月和11月中上旬的星期天,时间为12点半,一般12点之前就要进场。南京的考生一般

被安排在三号楼的1—3层。进去后,所有的考生被安排在一个大阶梯教室里等候喊号。我建议考生在这个时候可以适当的放松一下自己紧张的心情,听听口译题,熟悉一下,免得一进去不能适应。喊到号后,考生坐在前排等候,一会儿会被领入一个侯考室,在那里,会发下口语题目,有五分钟的时间准备,提纲可以写在口试准考证的后面。五分钟后,考生被带入考场,先在门口等候,等里面的考生出来了就可以进去。建议考生在这段等候的时间里,把口语的思路再理一下。进去坐下后,先与考官打招呼:Good afternoon, professors. My registration number is xxxxxx。说完后就可以开始进行第一项口头作文,一般来说,一分钟以内就会被考官打断,这说明你的这项已经合格了,既然如此,建议考生,把最精彩的部分放在前一分钟,力求做到非常流利,而接下来4分钟的内容列列提纲就好,以备万一。我就见过一个考官兴致大发愣是让考生说满了5分钟。

说完口语,就开始口译。一般来说,第一段英译汉比较重要,大多数考生由于紧张和不适应,第一段多半是听不懂的,这是一定要注意,千万不要紧张,抓住一些关键词,能说多少是多少。在这次的高口中,就有一个考生第一段听到United Nation 一紧张说成了美国,犯了一个非常不应该的错误。过了第一段,考生进入状态,后面的发挥就会比较的正常了。就考试来说,英译汉应该着重于听,只要听懂了翻

译问题不会太大,而汉译英应该着重于记,以防漏掉信息。不论考试发挥得怎样,切记不要放弃,坚持下去。当考试结束,同考官说一声:Thank you就可以出去了。

所以,最后拿到口试证书可以说既是脑力战也是体力战,祝愿每位考生都可以顺利通过。

英语中表示倍数增加的表达方法

A is N times as greatas B.

A is N times greater than B.

A is N times the size of B.

以上三句都应译为:A的大小是B的N倍.

This book is three times as long as (three times longer than/three times the length of) that one.

这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍。

注:当相比的对象B很明显时,thanB常被省去。

increase to n times

increase n times/n-fold

increase by n times

increase by a factor of n

以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍。

The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. 集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。

The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986.化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。

That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. 那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍。

The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. 漏电压增加了3借。

注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。

There is a n-fold increase/growth…

应译为:增加n-倍。这个句型还有其它一些形式:

A record high increase in value of four times was reported. 据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。

double (增加1倍),treble,quadruple。

The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled.这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。

此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如:

A is as much again as B.

应译为:A比B多1倍。

A is half as much again as B.

(= A is one and a half times as much as B.)

应译为:A比B多一半。

口译要求注重习得词汇和记忆完整性

根据认知理论的信息处理原则,学习者作为认知活动的主体,他已有的知识结构在认知过程中起着重要作用。在言语理解的认知过程中,语言学习者已有的知识经验能对语言输入进行感知、领会、摄入与综合。当前输入的言语信息要与记忆中所存储的有关信息相整合,才能得到理解。如果缺乏相关信息,或者未能激活记忆中的有关信息,就不能或难于实现对言语的理解,更不用说用译语来进行再创造了。

如果学习者不曾朗读过一个词,那么在他的认知结构中就不会存有该词的声音资料,他也就不可能迅速准确地把听力材料中所感知到的内容与认知结构中的相关资料相互联系,自然也就无法判断它的思想内涵,理解上下文的信息含义。这说明词汇记忆必须重视其完整性,学习者认知结构中的信息储备必须音、形、义兼备。有的学生觉得自己词汇量不小,但是为什么在听音时老会卡壳,究其根源,就是长期养成的音、形、义分离的词汇学习方法。

口译要求学生具有把听到的词、词组或句子记住并迅速加工成意群,然后作为一个意义整体记存起来,最后用译语进行信息切换的能力。这要求口译人员适应英语的语流,善于对连贯的英语表达作出快速反应,捕捉其大意。英语单词

的音、形、义是相互依赖的整体,所以在习得词汇时一定要有多种感觉器官一起参与,加强对大脑的刺激,提高记忆活动的效率,为快速听音过程中的准确理解奠定基础。

口译要加强信息输入和双语转换能力

口译考核学生英汉双语的转换能力,即通过听音获得信息,经过思维对获得的信息加工和重组,然后用译语输出。这项任务只有在很强的口头交际能力之下才能完成。如果说英译汉的关键在于抓住意义,那么汉译英的要害则在于表达的完整和通畅。

要想译出清晰、准确、地道的英文句子,最好的办法莫过于透彻了解和掌握英语族人的思维方式,再进行有效的模仿,因为一切语言活动都是从模仿和记忆开始,然后慢慢进入创造性活用的阶段的。长期不懈的模仿和记忆,能够提高讲话的速度和表达的自如性,建立心理优势,排除焦虑情绪。

加大输入,还有助于克服母语迁移心理,逐渐养成用英语思维的习惯,解决“中文腔”的问题。母语在语言学习者的大脑中根深蒂固,形成一定的固化和定势,对英语表达产生了不小的干扰。不断丰富英语语言材料的积累,让正确的英语表达占领大脑,让大脑始终沉浸在英语思维的氛围中,通过大量的输入使英语的使用达到自动化的程度,才能减少乃至摆脱母语的负面影响,最终提高汉译英表达的准确性和流利性。

同声传译基本原则

同声传译既是一门艺术、又是一门技术。因此,有一定的基本原则可以在翻译中遵循,以达到更加有效地完成口译工作。在同声翻译,特别是汉英同声翻译工作中,以下几条可以作为指导我们进行翻译的原则:

(1)顺句驱动:在同传过程中,译员按听到的原语的句子顺序,把整个句子切成意群单位或信息单位,再使用连接词把这些单位自然连接起来,译出整体的意思。这种翻译方法为“顺句驱动”。如以下句子按顺句驱动的原则来译:“所有人//都可以借助互联网资源//来学习,不论他们是哪个民族、//何种性别、//何种肤色、//只要他们可能接入互联网。”译文:“All can study //by relying on internet resources// regardless of their race, nationality and ***// providing that //they could have access to the internet.”同声传译是与原语发言人的发言同步进行的,翻译活动必须在原语发言人讲话结束后瞬间内结束。因此,同传译员要最大限度地在翻译过程中争取缩短翻译与原语发言之间的时间差。这个时间差越小,译员记忆的内容就会越多,译出的信息也就越多。英汉语的语序差别较大,要完全听明白原语语序、意义之后再进行翻译则很难跟上原语发言人。因此,“顺句驱动是英汉同声传译的一个最大特征。”

(2)随时调整:调整是同声翻译中的校译过程,是译员

根据接受到的新的内容调整信息、纠正错译、补充漏译的重要环节。如英语中的时间、地点状语等大多出现在句尾,在使用“顺句驱动”进行翻译时,会出现译完主句,又出现状语的情况。如:“I went to Holiday Inn//for a seminar// at 10 o'clock//yesterday.”按顺句驱动的原则,可能这样译:“我去了假日酒店//参加一个研讨会//在十点钟//昨天。”加上调整过程,这个句子在实际翻译中可能会被译为:“我去假日酒店//参加一个研讨会//时间是昨天上午十点。”

(3)适度超前:同声传译中的“适度超前”是指口译过程中的“预测”(anticipation)技能。就是在原语信息还不完整的情况下,译员可能要讲的内容而进行“超前翻译”,从而赢得时间,紧跟发言人进行同步翻译。如在很多会议的开幕式中都会出现这样的套话:“……我谨代表……//对与会代表表示热烈的欢迎//并预祝本次大会取得圆满成功!//”在翻译这段话的时候,译员就可以根据自己的经验在发言人说出“我谨代表……”的时候把整句话都译出来“Please allow me to be on behalf of …to extend to our warnest welcome to the participants of this conference…”在听到“预祝……”之后,就应该知道后面要讲的是“……本次会议成功”。不善用“预测”技能的译员很难做好同声传译工作,因为在翻译过程中要是等到全部信息接受以后再进

行翻译就不是同声翻译了。即使翻译能够进行下去,也是断断续续。听众很难接收到完整的信息。

(4)信息重组:信息重组(reformulation)是同声翻译的总策略。初学同传的学员往往把注意力集中在译“语言”上,结果经常“卡壳”。因为英汉语的语言差别较大,要做到一一对应地进行翻译是很难的。因此,在同传中应遵循译“信息”的原则。也就是根据原语的住处点在目的语中根据目的语的语言习惯重新组织信息。如在翻译中遇到以下的原语:“Strange behavior on the part of whales in the southern Atlantic has been observed over a number of years now.

A team of marince scientists has come up with a new theory to explain this considerable controversy has arisen in Argentina about the theory.”经过信息重组之后可能会以下面的内容译出:“Over a number of years,// whales in the southern Atlantic// have been observed//behaving strangely.//To explain this behavior,//a team of scientists has come up with a new theory//. But there has arisen considerabel controversy about the theory// in Argentina//”

(5)合理简约:所谓简约(simplification),就是同传译员在不影响原文主要信息传达的基础上对原文中出现的无法用目的语处理的材料或原文中出现技术性较强的材料,在

直接译入到目的语中很难被目的语听众所理解的情况下而采取简化语言形式、解释、归纳、概述原语信息的一种翻译原则。同传译员要根据听众的背景决定本原则的使用频率。如果听众对于所译内容比较陌生,译员对翻译中出现的术语(jargon)则要最大限度的简约。如在一次对青少年介绍“欧盟农业政策”的会议上出现了这样的内容:“If the CIF price of produce at the community boarder is below the guideline price as determined under the Common Market Organization, then at levy, which is not a tariff duty, is imposed.”如果“忠实”地译人到任何一种语言青少年听众都会出现听不明白的情况。使用简约的原则,可以按如下的内容进行法翻译:“If farm produce comes into the Community at a price below the official Community market price,a special agricultural levy is imposed”。

(6)信息等值:“忠实”(faithfulness)一向被认为是检验翻译的标准。但在同声传译工作中,有时很难做到“忠实”于原文,有时虽然忠实于原文,却得不到听众的认同。口译不同于笔译,可以足够的时间去构思、推敲,同声传译要求译员在极有限的时间内对接受到的信息进行重组,使目的语听众了解原语发言人的讲话内容。因此,在同声翻译中,对原语中的字、词、句有时候很难译得十全十美,译员要努力做到的是根据接受的词、句及语篇内容掌握原语发言人要

传达的主要信息,同时用听众很容易理解的语言方式表达出来。也就是在翻译过程中,要做到整体“信息等值”。

历年英语翻译初级口译考试真题及答案

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2011中高级口译口试十大话题

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