英语名词的详细讲解

英语名词的详细讲解
英语名词的详细讲解

名词

一、专有名词

1. 专有名词常用来表示人名,国名,地名,书名,节日名,团体机构及某类人和事物专有

的名称。

2.表示人名,称谓,地名,星期,月份的专有名词前一般不用冠词。

二、普通名词

三、可数名词的复数

规则变化的可数名词复数形式变化规则:

“四十七”原则:单词以s, sh, ch结尾的要加-es; class—classes; dish---dishes; bench---benches;

1. 直接在词尾加-s,如map—maps; bag—bags;

2. 以s, x, ch, sh 等结尾的名词在词尾加--es, 如bus---buses; box---boxes; watch---watches;

brush---brushes。特例:stomach---stomachs.

3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i, 再加-es, 如baby---babies; family---families。

4. 以f或fe结尾的名词大多数变f或fe为—ves, 如half---halves; wife---wives。

巧记-f(e)结尾的名词复数:

将f变为v,再加es:

小偷之妻生活难,(thief, wife, life)

自己扫叶来做饭。(self, leaf)

忽见一狼躲架后,(wolf, shelf)

取刀把它劈两半。(knife, half)

直接加s变复数:

海湾边,屋顶上,首领奴仆两相望;(gulf, roof, chief, serf)

谁说他们无信仰,证据写在手帕上。(belief, proof, handkerchief)

不规则变化的可数名词复数形式:

1. 以o结尾的名词,有生命的加—es,无生命的加—s;但以元音字母加o结尾的名词在词尾加—s, 如

tomato---tomatoes, photo---photos, kangaroo---kangaroos。

(黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。)

Negro hero potato tomato

2. 变元音,如man---men, foot---feet。

3. 词尾加—en或---ren, 如child---children, ox---oxen。

4. 单复数形式同形,如sheep---sheep, deer---deer, Chinese---Chinese。

(中国人和日本人爱护绵羊,鹿和鱼。)

Chinese Japanese sheep deer fish

注意:fish指鱼的种类时,要加上-es才成复数;当指鱼的条数时,单复数形式相同;指鱼肉时,为不可数名词。

特殊的复数形式(集体名词):

例题:---Two died in the accident.

--- terrible it is!

A. policemen; How

B. policeman; What

C. police; What

D. policemans; How

1. 一些集体名词总是用作复数。如people, police, cattle, staff。

2. 部分集体名词既可以作单数(表整体),也可以作复数(表成员)。如class, family。

3. 同时具有两种复数形式。如fish,强调“条数”时,复数形式为fish;强调“种类”时,复数形式是fishes。

4. 只有复数形式。如trousers, clothes, glasses。

5. 表示“某国人”,可分为三类;

a. 加-s。如Americans,Australians,Germans

b. 单复数同形。如Chinese,Japanese。

c. 以—man或—woman结尾的,变复数时改为—men或---women。如Englishmen, Frenchwomen。复合名词的复数形式

1. 通常做定语的名词用单数,主体名词用复数。如two apple trees。

2. man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,前后两个名词都要变成复数如man doctor---men doctors。

3. 特例:sport做定语时通常用复数,如sports meetings。

特例:On Sundays, the often buy a lot of food all at once.

A. housewife

B. housewives

C. houseswives

D. Housewifes

(二)不可数名词的数

1. 通常不可数名词只有单数,没有复数。

2. 有些不可数物质名词也有复数形式,但意义发生了变化。

fruit水果----------fruits各种各样的水果

fish鱼肉-----------two fish两条鱼-----------two fishes 两种鱼

3. 抽象名词表示具体事物时为可数名词,可被a / an修饰,也可以有复数形式,表示“某种人或事”。

pleasure两人高兴的人或事pity令人感到遗憾的人或事物

例题:I like a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.

A. fish

B. potatoes

C. nooldes

(三) 名词所有格

1. 有生命的单数名词:Jack’s father Tom’s pen

2. 有生命的复数名词:the Teachers’ Office

3. 表示时间,距离,国家等的名词:half an hour’s walk 步行半小时的路程

4. 表示几个人共同拥有的名词:Mike and John’s desk 两人共有

5. 表示每个人各自拥有的名词:Mike’s and John’s desks 每个人都有,desk用复数

6. 表示无生命的名词:the legs of the desk

冠词

冠词的用法 I.冠词的分类

冠词可以分为不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词(不用冠词)。 II.冠词的用法

一.不定冠词的用法

不定冠词a (an)表示的意思是“一个”。a用于辅音音素开头的词前;而an则用于元音音素开头的词前。例如:The little boy eats an apple, and the little girl eats a banana. 1.用于可数名词的单数形式前,表示“一”。 There is an apple on the plate. 2.表示一类人或物。

A tiger is a dangerous animal. 3.第一次提到某人或某物。

This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 4. 在一些固定搭配中

a lot of/ a little/ a few/ a pair of/ a set of 等二、定冠词的用法

定冠词(the)是 this/these/that/those的总称,放在名词前,表示特定的事物或人。

1. 第二次提到某人或某物,用定冠词the

Look! There is a ball under the table. The ball is mine. 2. 用于指说话双方都知道的事物或人。 Would you mind closing the window? 3. 放在序数词前。

Monday is the second day of the week. 4. 放在形容词最高级前。

He is the tallest boy in our class. 5. 表示世上独一无二的事物。 The earth goes around the sun.

6. 定冠词放在姓氏复数前,表示“……一家”。 The Greens are from Australia.

7. 定冠词后接单数名词表示一类人或物。 The dog is a kind of cute animal.

8. 定冠词和形容词连用,也可以代表某类人或物。 the poor the bad the rich the good

9. 演奏某项乐器时,乐器前需加the。如:

play the drums/play the piano/ play the violin 10. 在一些固定搭配中。如:

in the morning in the afternoon 在下午

in the evening 在晚上 all the year round 一年到头三、零冠词的用法

1. 复数名词前不加冠词可以表示一类人和事物 Noodles are my favorite.

2. 洲、国家、城市前不用冠词 We live in Asia.

3.不可数名词表示一类一般不用冠词。 Would you like to drink water?

4. 在季节、月份、星期、节日、日期、等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词; It is very cold in winter in Beijing.

5. 在姓名前不加冠词。 She is Mrs. Henry Black.

6. 在一天三餐、表示球类运动名词前不用冠词。 After we have lunch, we will play football.

7. 在固定搭配中,名词前不需要用冠词。如:

go to school; go to bed ; sit at table ; stay in bed

七年级上册人称代词详解与练习

例句:

1、主格=主语:表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。

I am a teacher. You are student.

He is a student.They are students.

2、宾格=宾语:表示动作行为的对象。

Give it to me. Let's go(=Let us go)

比如你说“这是我的书包”:This is my schoolbag.

这里的my是一个形容词性物主代词,它只是作一个形容词用,后面必须再跟一个具体表示某个东西的名词,这里就是这个schoolbag(书包)。

而如果你说“那个书包是我的”:That schoolbag is mine.

这里的mine就是一个名词性物主代词,它的后面不能再有其它的名词。

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小学英语名词讲解及练习复习过程

小学英语名词讲解及 练习

小学英语名词讲解及练习 一、名词:名词是所有事物的名称,包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。名词在句子中作主语,宾语或表语等。 1.普通名词普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据所指代物体的特征,普通名词又可分为以下四类: A.个体名词: 表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体。如:student(学生)、pen (钢笔)、bird(鸟)等。 B.集体名词: (即集合名词)表示由个体组成的集合体。如:people(人民)、police(警察)、family(家庭)等 C.物质名词: 表示构成物体物质的不可数名词,或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。如:water(水)、air(空气)、wood(木头)等。 D.抽象名词 : 表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如:work (工作)、peace(和平)、love(爱)等。 2. 专有名词 : 专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括:人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如:Churchill(丘吉尔)、Tokyo(东京)、China(中国)等。

找出下列笑话中的可数名词 In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, that’s true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!” 二、可数名词和不可数名词。 1) 可数名词: 一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 例如: a book, two books, a student, three students, a family, many families。 名词单数变复数变化如下: 1.词尾直接加 S 如:cat——cats bag——bags day——days 2.以 S, SH, CH, X 结尾的词加 ES 如:class——classes match——matches box----- boxes dish ---- dishes 3.以辅音加 Y 结尾的词变 Y 为 I, 加 ES. 元音加 Y 结尾的词直接加 S, 如: party----parties city----cities story----stories boy---- toys monkey----- monkeys key---- keys 等. 4.以 F 或 FE 结尾的词, 变 F 或 FE 为 V, 加 ES, 如: wife ---- wives half---- halves 注意特殊情况直接加“S”,要逐个记 chiefs,handkerchiefs, roofs. 5.以辅音加 O 结尾的词常加 ES, 如: tomatoes, potatoes, heroes. 元音加 O 结尾直接加 S. 如:radios, zoos, pianos.特殊情况: photos 6.名词单数变复数特殊变化也要逐个记得如: man-men, woman-women, tooth---teeth, goose---geese, foot---feet, child--children, mouse-mice 2) 不可数名词

英语语法之名词篇

词法大全(一)-- 名词 Contents 可数名词 不可数名词 名词所有格

名词 概念:表示人、物品、地点、情感、抽象概念等名称的词 分类: 普通名词pen teacher water 专有名词Beijing China July Sunday the Sun 可数名词apple teacher boy car 抽象名词advice information news price happiness 不可数名词液体water milk tea coffee juice 材料metal glass wood paper meat bread rice 可数名词变复数 一般加s 二般以s, x, ch, sh 结尾,加es 三般以辅音字母+y 结尾,变y 为i 再加es 四般以f/fe 结尾,变f/fe 为v 再加es. 妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌; 躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。 wife knife wolf thief shelf self life half leaf 以O 结尾事真多 英雄喜欢吃土豆、西红柿和芒果 hero es potato es tomato es mango es 特殊变化要注意 man woman child mouse policeman men women children mice policemen 特中之特,单复同形 fish deer sheep fish deer sheep 合成复数有玄机 lemon tree toy shop computer game lemon trees toy shops computer games man doctor woman teacher men doctor s women teacher s

(完整)初中英语名词讲解及专项练习

(课时:2) 一.介绍名词含义:名词是表示人、事物、地方或抽象概念的词。 二.名词的分类: ( 人名,地名,机构 ) William,Linda, Canada,China,the United Nations, WTO 可数名词: 包括单数(只有一个) 和复数(两个以上). 不可数名词: 只有单数. 物质名词 milk, water, tea, bread,beef, meat, rice, fish, coffee,sugar, salt 抽象名词 information, friendship, knowledge, work, advice, science, news, weather 三.重点: 1. 一般情况下,加“s”. eg: books,stamps, pens, tables 2.以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,加“es” eg: buses, boxes, foxes, watches, matches, beaches, coaches, brushes 3.以“o ”, 结尾的,加“es ”or “s ” eg: Negroes [?ni:gr??]、 heroes、 volcanoes [v?l?ke?n??]、 tomatoes、 potatoes、 radios、 pianos、 zoos、 photos、 bamboos、video 需加es的记忆技巧:黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)在火山上(volcano)爱吃西红柿(tomato) 和土豆(potato) 4.以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的,把“y”变为“i”,再加“es ”. eg: city -- cities, country -- countries, family -- families, story -- stories 5. 以“f”或“fe”结尾的,把“f”或“fe”变为“ves”。 eg: thief—thieves wife—wives life -- lives half—halves leaf -- leaves, knife -- knives,wolf – wolves, shelf—shelves, loaf—loaves 记忆技巧:贼人(thief)的妻子(wife)在她一生(life)中用半(half)片树叶(leaf) 当刀子(knife)杀死了七匹狼(wolf)然后去偷架子(shelf)上的面包(loaf)。 6)不规则变化:

【英语】英语名词专项训练及答案含解析

【英语】英语名词专项训练及答案含解析 一、初中英语名词 1.(?广西河池)—There is an MP5 on the desk,whose is this? —It can be my ____,she bought one yesterday. A. sister B. sister's C. sisters’ D. sisters 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:一一书桌上有一个MP5是谁的?一一可能是我妹妹的。她昨天买了一个。A.妹,单数形式;B.单数的所有格形式;C.妹们的,复数的所有格式;D.妹们,复数形式。本题表示MP5的所有关系所有格形式,后句的she说明是一个人,用单数,故选B。 2.—The last bus has left. What should we do? —Let's take a taxi. We have no other ______ now. A. choice B. reason C. habit 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:-末班车离开了。我们应该怎么办呢?-我们坐出租车吧。我们现在没有其他的选择了。A. choice选择;B. reason理由;C. habit习惯。没公交了,只有坐出租车这条选择,没有别的选择了。故选A。 【点评】此题考查名词的辨析。 3.---Could you tell me the_______of making such tasty cakes? ---Well,I just follow the instructions in the cookbook. A. time B. method C. cost D. menu 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:一一你可以告诉我做这样可口的蛋糕的方法吗?一一哦,我就是按照烹饪书的说明做的。time时间,method方法,cost花费,menu菜单。根据语境,“你能告诉我制作如此美味的蛋糕的方法吗?”此处方法:method比较符合语意,故选B。 4.—Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes,Tony? —Sure,Mom will be mad if she sees this _________,I think. A. matter B. mess C. trouble D. difficulty 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:——托尼,你能倒垃圾,刷碗吗?——当然可以。我认为如果妈妈看见这么狼藉,她会疯了的。matter问题;mess狼藉,杂乱;trouble麻烦;difficulty困难。根据Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes,可知屋里有垃圾,碗和盘子没有

自考英语语法名词解释

Acronyms Acronyms is a word coined by putting together the initial letters of a group of words. Affixation A word formation approach that attaches morpheme – an affix to a base,which is a word with 1 or more affixes in it. Anaphoric reference前照应A demonstrative determiner with anaphoric reference is more likely to go with a non-restrictive relative clause Cataphoric reference 后照应A demonstrative determiner with cataphoric reference,which goes with a restrictive relative clause Collective nouns These are generally countable nouns,but even in the singular they refer to groups of people,animals or things. Compound A compound,the product of composition,and it is a lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word. Conversion The derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. Coordination并列词Realized by coordinators (also termed coordinating conjunctions)which join units at the same level. Countable nouns Nouns that can take plural. Dangling participle:When the subject of participle is not expressed, it is normally to be the subject of the clause. It is usually poor grammar, and sometimes absurd, if this rule is broken: Trying to be quiet, the floor board creaked. But the rule is often broken when the subject is vaguely understood to be “one”, “we”, “you”, people in general. Determiner Words used in the premodification of noun phrase and put before any adjectives that premodify the head word of noun. Dynamic adjectives Many adjectives can also be used in the dynamic sense (be being a.)in predicative position to show subjective measurement or suggest a temporary state,implying the qualities can be controlled or restricted. (e.g. he is being rude) end-focus 尾部焦点under neutral conditions,the nucleus falls on the last element of the sequence as it is common that we process the information in a message to achieve a linear presentation form low to high information value. We refer to this as the principle of end-focus. ellipsis:省略leaves out the redundant/wordy part and do not provide a substitute. Exclamation Express our impression,especially our surprise,excitement,amazement,etc. It doesn…t take S-V inversion.

初一英语名词讲解及练习

名词 一、名词分类: 名词分为普通名词和专有名词 普通名词:表示同一类的人或物的名称,又可分为个体名词,如boy, house, insect, tiger 等;物质名词,女口air, snow, bread, rice 等;扌由象名词,女口glory, hon esty, failure, education 等。专有名词:表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称,如Che ng Du, Chi na, Obama, Chi na Cen tral Televisi on 等。 名词的两大考点:数与格 二、名词的数 1. 普通名词:可数名词和不可数名词 (1)可数名词:包括个体名词和集体名词 △个体名词:表示个体的人或事物名称的词。如:teacher, student, boy, book, bag 每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。 A. 单数表示“一个”的概念。用名词的单数时,名词前需加a或an。 女口 a book (一本书)、an apple (一个苹果)、an orange (—个橘子)等。 B. 复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。如two pencils (两枝铅笔)、three weeks (三周) 等。 △ 集合名词:表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。女口:people, family, class, furniture 复数形式的构成有两种:规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。规则名词复数形式的构 成

注意事项:

只能用于复数形式的名词有:clothes, trousers, pan ts, shoes, socks 单数名词用于复数含义:people, public, police 特殊名词的讲解: ⑴people作“人们,人民”解时,只有复数形式,谓语动词作复数。 作“民族”解时,单复数不同,复数要在词尾加s。 There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。 There are fifty-six peoples in our coun try. 我们国家有56个民族。 ⑵clothes等属于无单数形式的复数名词,谓语作复数。 例: My favorite clothes are pants. ⑶ pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts ,scissors 等名词,由两部分构成,常以复数形式 出现,谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用 a pair of表示,此时如作主语,谓语要作单数 看待。 例: Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is mine. _____ ⑷集体名词看作整体时,谓语用单数;指成员时,谓语用复数。 His family is a large family. 指整体His family like an imals. 指成员 ⑸有的名词单复数意思不同: 例:hair和fruit 通常作单数,表示总体。 My hair is black. 我的头发是黑色的。 I like fruit .It ' s good for you. 我喜欢水果,水果对你的身体有好处。 但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果,则需用复数形式 Homer Simps on has three hairs. 辛普森有三根头发。 She likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜欢梨,桃和其它水果。

(英语)初中英语名词专项训练及答案及解析

英语)初中英语名词专项训练及答案及解析 、初中英语名词 1.( ?东营) Great for football lovers —more than 50,000 soccer schools will be built in our country by the end of 2025. 解析】 【分析】考查名词辨析。句意:足球爱好者的好消息: 50, 000 多所足球学校。 A. news 新闻,消息; B. message 消 息,信息; C. situation 情境, 形式; D. information 消息,信息。 Message, information 是有关某事物的信息; news 则指 大的消息,新闻。 “2025年前我国将会建立 50, 000 多所足球学校 ”是重大的新闻消息: news 。故选 A 。 2. I like this song. It's by one of my favorite ______ . A. singers B. dancers C. painters D. writers 【答案】 A 【解析】 【分析】句意:我喜欢这首歌。这是我最喜欢的歌手之一唱的。 A : singers 歌 手; B : dancers 舞蹈演员; C : painters 画家; D : writers 作家。根据上句 I like this song. 可知一定是歌手唱的,故选 A 。 【点评】考查名词辨析。理解选项意思,根据语境选择正确的名词。 3.— The last bus has left. What should we do? —Let's take a taxi. We have no other _____ now. A. choice B. reason C. habit 【答案】 A 【解析】 【分析】句意:-末班车离开了。我们应该怎么办呢?-我们坐出租车吧。我们 现在没有其他的选择了。 A. choice 选择; B. reason 理由; C. habit 习惯。没公交了,只有坐 出租车这条选择,没有别的选择了。故选 A 。 【点评】此题考查名词的辨析。 4. If I leave my house at 9 o'clock and drive to the airport, I'll arrive at about 11. So it's about two ___________ drive from my house to the airport. A. hours' B. hour's C. hours 【答案】 A 【解析】 【分析】句意:如果我 9 点离开家开车去机场,我大约 11 点就到了。因此从我家 到机场大约是两个小时的车程。表示所有关系要用名词所有格,两个小时的车程: two hours' drive , hours 是复数,加 's 省略后面的 s ,故选 A 。 【点评】考查名词所有格的用法,熟练掌握名词所有格的用法,选出正确答案。 A. farmer B. doctor C. worker D. teacher A. news 【答案】 A B. message C. situation D. information 2025 年前我国将会建立

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