2018届奉贤区高考英语二模(无答案版,后期更新)

2017-2018第二学期奉贤区调研测试三高英语

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Time to End Loneliness

US author Henry Rollins once wrote: "Loneliness adds beauty to lift. It puts a special burn on sunsets and makes night air smell better."Indeed, in the eyes of artists, loneliness never seems togo out of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that(21) . (inspire) byloneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.

In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is far from romantic. Insteadit's a "giant evil" that's become a serious problem in the country.

On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as thecountry's very first "Minister for Loneliness". Her job is (22)(deal) with the lonelinessthat the country's been feeling--a problem which, according to UK government research, is

affecting more than 9 million people in the country, and (23)be more harmful to one'sphysical and mental health than smoking l5 cigarettes a day.

Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the "loneliness capital of Europe" by TheTelegraph. A survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were (24)(likely) to get to know their neighbours or build strong relationships with people than those from

other European countries.

But this doesn't mean it is the problem (25)(affect) Britons only. In fact, we're all suffering from loneliness now more than ever, in spite of most of theworld now being linked tothe internet,

(26)_____has enabled us to be more connected than ever.

(27). we need, accordingto Kim Leadbetter, sister of the lateUK politician Jo Cox,is to have“p roper human connections".

"Our lives nowadays are so busy.We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones, onour laptops. (28)busy we are,we need to press pause on that andactually sit down and speak to human beings," Leadbettersaid at an event last year.

But the first steps toward (29)(fight) this problem are to accept its existence and notbe ashamed or frightened by it. After all,

.(30) loneliness, many beautiful paintings,songs, and literary works wouldn't even exist. Whether it is "evil" or not, being lonely is simplypart of the experience of being human.

Section B

Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedonly

Robots Writing Newspapers

Whether it's robots working as hotel receptionists or artificial intelligence creating poetry, it'sbecoming more and more common to read about technology doing the jobs of humans. And now,it seems that software is even 31 of writing news stories-such as the very one you'rereading.

BBC News 32 reported that the Press Association (PA), a UK news service, hascreated a computer program that's competent to create articles that are almost impossible to tellapart from those written by human journalists. Called "robo-journalism” by BBC News, such

software "teaches" itself by 33 thousands of news stories written by humans. The PA'ssoftware is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by it.

According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism,many publishers areusing robo-journalism to 34 interesting information quickly, from election results toofficial 35 on social issues.For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its own

robo-journalism software, Heliograf.

According to each website Digiday, Heliograf "wrote" over 850 articles in 2417, as well ashundreds of social media 36 . So what does this mean for regular journalists? "We'renaturally cautious about any technology that could replace human beings." Fredrick Kunkle,“Washington Post reporter, told Wired. "But this technology seems to have taken over only some ofthe work that nobody else wants to do."

Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is 37 to help humans, rather thantake away their jobs.

"In the future, Heliograf could do things like searching the web to see what people are talkingabout, checking The Washington Post to see if that story is being 38 , and, if not, alertingeditors or just writing the piece itself, Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.

However, Joshua Benton at Harvard University's Nieman Journalism Lab believes that whilerobo-journalism is 39 going to become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replacetraditional human creativity.

"Good journalism is not justa matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft that has developedover decades," he told BBC News.

"The really difficultpart of what professional journalists do-carefully 40 information and presentingbalanced, contextualized(全景式的)stories-will be very hard formachines to master."

III. Reading Comprehension

SectionA

Direction: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard 41 : keeping amoderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have onyour longevity? Do some kinds of personalities 42 longer lives?

A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by 43 the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more 44 and lessneurotic(神经质的)than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympatheticand cooperative than women with a(n) 45 life span. These findings are in agreement withwhat you would expect from the evolutionary theory: Those who like to make friends and helpothers can gather enough 46 to make it through tough times.

Interestingly, 47 . other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, 48 , were no more likely to live to be very old.Also,being 49 to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.

Whether you can successfully change your 50 as an adult is the subject of a longstanding

psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should 51 to be as outgoing as possible.

Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother's personality may also help 52 your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids 53 diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.

Personality isn't destiny(命运)，and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn't just matter of your physical health but of your mental health.Therefore, it might be 54 to form those personality traits contributing to longevity through health-related behaviours, stress reduction and 55 to the challenging problems.

41.A. statements B. definitions C.applications D.explanations

42. A. result from B. lead to C.rely on D.consist of

43. A. assessing B. interviewing C.examining D.diagnosing

44. A. active B. extensive C.persuasive D.sensitive

45. A. agreeable B.normal C.changeable D.formal

46. A. resources B.associations C.procedures D.interactions

47. A, therefore B.however C.furthermore D.otherwise

48. A. in other words B.as usual C.in addition D.for instance

49. A. resistant B.open C.blind D.alert

50. A. perspective B.ambition C.personality D.philosophy

51. A, reject B.strive C.claim D.oppose

52. A. extend B.restrict C.shorten D.determine

53. A. unhealthy B.nutritious C.adequate D.moderate

54. A. predictable B.advisable C.sustainable D.enjoyable

55. A.temptation B.introduction C.adaptation D.objection

SectionB

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

A

One Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that lie had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr. Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.

The thought of walking into Mr Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise,the ever-frugal(一惯节省的)Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!

Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking ail city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate meal including his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!

Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from Isis wife. It

read:"Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.

After dinner,Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when .he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor .He bent forward to pick, it up. It read:"Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider，and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase.”

Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.

The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone Loves us regardless of our success or failure.

56. What was Michael's plan that Friday?

A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.

B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.

C. To celebrate his success.

D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.

57. On his way back home, Michael_.

A. felt weak in the knees

B. was punished by the traffic policeman

G. was too anxious to share the news with his wife

D. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal

58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?

A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to。disaster.-

B. Michael had worked very hard and done his part for the company.

C. Michael's boss agreed to his request.

D. One of Michael's colleagues had told his wife the good news.

59. According to the passage, which of the following can best describe Michael's. wife, Cassie?

A. Passionate, thoughtful and talented.

B. Considerate, generous and reliable.

C. Decisive, optimistic and energetic.

D. Caring, tolerant and supportive.

B

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60. All the following are included in the price of ￡399 EXCEPT

A. transport between the airport and the hotel

B. telephone calls made by tourists

C. the services of guides to tourists

D. double rooms for every two tourists

61. What is the purpose of the author in writing the passage?

A. To invite people to take a breath in the Bay of Naples.

B. To advise people to telephone Newmarket Air Holidays Ltd.

C. To persuade people to tour in the area of the Mediterranean Sea.

D. To attract people to go to Sant' Agata or Sorrento for sightseeing.

62. The underlined part…the area is a feast for the eyes" in the passage means

A, the area is pleasing to the eye

C. the area catches the tourists' eye

B. the area is really unforgettable

D. the area is crowded with tourists

C

"Monday morning feeling" could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research From Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.

The risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven,but a six-year study helped by researchers at .the free University of Berlin of more than 2,600 Germans revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.

Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 percent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.

A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.

The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart

attacks, according to Dr. Stefan Willich of the Free University. "We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol(胆固醇)，but we don't know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can't make specific recommendations about how to prevent them," he said.

Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressures of work."When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal(荷尔蒙的) changes in their bodies," Willich explained. "All these things can have an unfavorable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot(血凝块)in the arteries(动脉)which will cause a heart attack.""When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity," said Willich. "We need to know how these events cause changes in the body before we can understand if they cause heart attacks."

But although it is tempting to believe that returning to work increases the risk of a heart attack, both Willich and the Italian researchers admit that it is only a partial answer. Both studies showed that the over 65s are also vulnerable on Monday morning even though most no longer work. The reason for this is not clear, but the Italian team speculated that the social interactions the thought of facing another week and all its pressures-nay play a part.

What is clear, however, is that the Monday morning peak seems to be consistent from the northern Germany to southern Italy in spite of the differences in diet and lifestyle.

63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. 20% of the Italians appear to have higher possibility of having heart attacks.

B. 33% of the Germans have heart diseases, so heart attacks are more common in Germany than in any other country.

C. The risk of having heart attacks on Monday mornings is the same as on any other day of the week to non-workers.

D. Non-smokers are more likely to have heart attacks on Sundays.

64. The over 65s are more likely to suffer from heart attacks on Monday mornings possibly because

A. they are afraid of returning to work

B. they are reluctant to face the pressures of another week

C, most of them are not in good health

D, they are much busier on Mondays than on any other days of the week

65. In the following research, Dr. Willich will probably try to find out_.

A. if smoking and cholesterol will cause heart attack

B, if increase in blood pressure, heart rate and hormonal changes will cause heart attacks

C. on which day people are least likely to have a heart attack

D. if events like higher workload, more stress and so on will cause heart attacks

66. What is the best title for the passage`?

A. Causes of Heart Attacks on Mondays.

B. Warning: Mondays Are Bad for Your Heart.

C. The Overweight and Smokers Risk Heart Attacks on Mondays.

D. Reduce Your Chance of Having Heart Attacks on Mondays.

Section C

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the

the first State-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs (massive open online courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimedia to create this program.

There are three learning pants in engineering, design and

marketing. Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree. 67 IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCs for this program.

On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes.As always,it's hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC. 68 .

This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a private school, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible.So with these new MOOC students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.

69 The startup already offers a course for ￡20 per month, but you need to pay ￡300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. It's unclear how much OpenClassrooms will keep, but it should be more than ￡20 per month.

For students, it's a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can't afford to study for three years at IESA and pay ￡6,950 per year. 70 Sure, it's probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.

It's an interesting new direction for OpenClassrooms, and I can't wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to see whether the first students are satisfied with this Kind of degree as well.

IV Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

The sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartment sharing to car sharing to community tool sharing.

Since 2009, a new form of the sharing economy has been emerging in neighbourhoods throughout the US and around the world-Little Free Libraries. The libraries are boxes put in neighbourhoods from which local people can take out and put in books. Little Free Libraries come in all shapes and sizes. Some libraries also have themes, focusing on books for children, adults or tour guides.

In 2009, Tod Bol built the first Little Free Library in the Mississippi River town Wisconsin, to honour his mother, who loved reading. When he saw the people of his gathering around it, exchanging conversation as well as books, he knew he wanted to take his simple idea further.

Since then, his idea has become a movement, spreading from state to state and country to country. According to https://www.360docs.net/doc/b01600200.html,, there are now 18,000 of the little boxes around the

world, found in each of the 50 US states and 70 countries in Europe, Africa and Asia.

The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries. But an Atlantic article said that they are something different in a world of e-reader downloads. The little wooden boxes are refreshingly physical and human. When you open the door of the box, chance and your neighbours' tastes determine what you'll find. You might find a graphic novel, a cookbook or a tour guidebook.

For many people, this sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries' main appeal.”A girl walking home from school might pick up a graphic novel that gets her excited about reading; a man on his way to the bus stop might find a book of poetry that changes his view on life," said The Atlantic article. "Every book is a potential source of inspiration."

V. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72.与家人外出度假日益受到人们的推崇。(popular)

73.寒暑假期间，我们学校的各类休育设施向市民开放。( access )

74.智能手机给人们生活带来了许多便捷，但其负面影响不容小觑(despite)

75.我们坚信:一个更加和谐的社会将会建成，人民安居乐业，物质和精神方面都将得到满足。(where)

VI. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an

below in Chinese.

English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given 假设你校正在举行一个“Donate an Hour Every Day"

写一篇短文参赛，内容要传递正能量，具体需包括:

的主题征文活动，请你据此用英语

.你对此主题的理解;

.你的具体做法及理由。

注:文中不能出现学校、姓名等真实信息。