录鬼薄序译文两种

錄鬼簿序 賢愚壽夭、死生禍福之理，固兼乎氣數而言，聖賢未嘗不論也。蓋陰陽之屈伸，即人鬼之生死，人而知夫生死之道，順受其正，又豈有岩牆桎梏之厄哉！[1] 雖然，人之生斯世也，但知以已死者為鬼，而未知未死者亦鬼也。酒罌飯囊、或醉或夢、塊然[2]泥土者，則其人雖生，與已死之鬼何異？此曹固未暇論也。其或稍知義理，口發善言，而於學問之道，甘於暴棄，臨終之後，漠然無聞，則又不若塊然之鬼之愈也。余嘗見未死之鬼吊已死之鬼，未之思也，特一間[3]耳。獨不知天地闔闢，亙古迄今，自有不死之鬼在。何則？聖賢之君臣、忠孝之士子，小善大功、著在方冊者，日月炳煌，山川流峙，及乎千萬劫無窮已，是則雖鬼而不鬼者也。 余因暇日，緬懷故人，門第卑微，職位不振，高才博藝，俱有可録。歲月彌久，湮沒無聞，遂傳其本末，吊以樂章；複以前乎此者，敘其姓名，述其所作。冀乎初學之士，刻意詞章，使冰寒乎水，青勝於藍，[4]則有幸矣。名之曰《録鬼簿》。嗟乎！余亦鬼也，使已死未死之鬼，作不死之鬼，得以傳遠，余又何幸焉！若夫高尚之士、性理之學[5]，以為得罪於聖門者，吾黨且噉蛤蜊，[6]別與知味者道。 至順元年龍集庚午月建甲申二十二日辛未古汴鍾繼先自序。

[1]《孟子‧盡心上》：“孟子曰：“莫非命也，順受其正；是故知命者不立乎岩牆之下。盡其道而死者，正命也；桎梏死者，非正命也。”朱熹集注：“巖牆，牆之將覆者。” [2] 孤獨的樣子。晉．劉琨．答盧諶書：「塊然獨坐，則哀憤兩集。」 [3] 特：但，近，只是；一間：謂相距極近。間，間隙。 《孟子‧盡心下》：“殺人之父，人亦殺其父；殺人之兄，人亦殺其兄；然則非自殺之也，一間耳。”趙岐注：“一間者，我往彼來，間一人耳。與自殺其親何異哉？” [4] 荀子：青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝；冰，水为之，而寒于水。 [5] 人性与天理。指 宋 儒性理之学。宋陈善《扪虱新话·本朝文章亦三变》：“唐文章三变，本朝文章亦三变矣，荆公以经术，东坡以议论，程氏以性理，三者要各自立门户，不相蹈袭。” [6] 噉(dan4)

The principle for [men] being worthy or stupid, to live a long life or to die early, are certainly related to fated allotment in the discourse, and even the sagely and the worthy do not evade from discussing it. The bending and stretching of yin and yang mean life and death of human and ghost. If men know the Way of life and death and accordingly accept what is correctly allotted to them, how would they suffer the disaster of a falling wall or handcuffs and fetters? However, men born into this world merely know that dead people become ghosts but they do not know that living people are ghosts too. Those [men] of wine vessels and rice bags, either drunk or dreaming, are as senseless as mud and dirt. Even though they are still alive, do they have any difference from dead ghosts? This type is of course not worth discussing. There are some people who have a scant knowledge of righteous principles and speak moral words. Yet as for the way of learning, they readily deviate from and turn their back on it. After their death, they will fall into oblivion never to be heard any more. They are no better than those senseless ghosts. I once saw ghosts not dead yet condoling ghosts already dead. They never think that the gap [between the living and the dead] is only so small. Above everything, they do not know that since the creation of heaven and earth, from antiquity till today, undying ghosts always exists. Why? Sage kings and worthy ministers, loyal literati and filial sons whose small good and great achievement are recorded in books, like the splendid sun and the bright moon, like soaring mountains and flowing rivers, will outlast tens of millions of kalpas. Therefore, ghosts as they are, they are never dead. Taking advantage of my leisured days, I think of and commemorate my old friends. Their family background are lowly and obscure, and their positions not prominent. Yet highly talented and versatile in arts, they all have something that is worth recording. In case they fall into oblivion with the passage of time, I record their biography, and offer song-lyrics as a condolence to them. Those who lived earlier [than my old friends], I record their names and list their works. My hope is beginner scholars would concentrate on song-lyrics, and it will be fortunate if [they become] “ice that is colder than water, and indigo that is better than blue.” I entitle my book Register of Ghosts. Alas, I too am a ghost. If I could make ghosts already dead as well as ghosts not dead yet both undying and [their names]

transmitted afar, how fortunate I would be! If reverend scholars of Cheng-Zhu school find us offensive to Confucius’ teaching, my clique would just eat clams and talk [about the taste] with those who can understand. On the twenty-second day of jiashen month in the first year of zhishun reign period, also known as the year gengwu (1330), self-prefaced by Zhong Jixian from the ancient city of Bianliang. Preface to The Muster Roll of Ghosts The principle of being wiseor stupid, living long or short, living and dying, weal and woe, is after all considered in terms of fate(Qi) and destiny(Shu), and the sagacious and wise men have already reflected on it. For life and death is but a switch between Yin and Yang (the two opposite elements in the universe). Those who know the life and death principle lead a life natural and correct and are immune to the suffer of goal and fetters. However, those who live this life only knows that the dead and not the living ones are ghosts. In fact, a useless person good only for feasting and drinking, either drunken or dreamy like a pile of clay, a state of living death, is no better than a ghost. These men are not worthy of our consideration. While for the one who is somewhat educated and has some sense, if he ceases pursuing knowledge, willingly gives himself up, and subsequently falls into oblivion after his death, he is even worse than the aforementioned drunkard. I have seen some living ghosts morn dead ghosts, but few of them know that there are little difference between them. For ever since the beginning of the world till now, there are ghosts that never die. What is the reason? The sagacious king and virtuous lords, the men of loyalty and filial piety, they have merits and achievements small or large that are worth being recorded in history. These men are immortal as the sun and the moon and as lasting as the mountains and the rivers. They would be remembered in millions of yeas to come, for they are ghosts that never die. In my leisure time I recall my old friends who are of humble families and low ranks but talented and versatile, and I have made a muster roll for them. Lest as time rolls on, their fame eclipses, I record the ins and outs of the stories and commemorate them in form ofsongs. Again I recorded those who lived before them and related their names and what they have composed. It is my wish that the beginners may learn from them on the composition of words and make improvements based on them. I therefore called the book The Muster Roll of Ghosts. Oh,I myself am ghost, too. How fortunate my work would be, if I can make those dead and living ghost never die. If