人教版丨八年级英语下册unit 7 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

人教版丨八年级英语下册unit 7 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
一、规则变化
1. 一般在词尾直接加er或est，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest
2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，nice-nicer-nicest
3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，
heavy-heavier-heaviest
4. 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，big-bigger-biggest
【注】：大,红,湿,热,悲,瘦,胖.双写末辅再变级.
（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat ）
5. 部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
【注】:表示否定意义在其前加less /least。

important----less
important----least important
English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English .
6.由“形容词+ly”构成的副词,在其前加more/ most。

slowly---moreslowly----most slowly；但early—earlier---earliest
二、不规则变化
原级→比较级→最高级
good/well→better→best
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
old→older / elder→oldest /eldest
bad/badly/ill→worse→worst
far→farther (距离)/further（程度）→farthest /furthest
下列单、双音节词只能加more和most
注: 形容词,副词同形有: back , high , well ,fast, early, late ,straight
三、常见用法
（一）原级句型：
1. A is as+原级+ as+ B 表示A 与B一样…eg:
He is as tall as me.
2. A is not as/so +原级+ as B表示A不如B…
He is not as tall as me.
3. 只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too，so,enough, pretty等，例如，He is too tired to walk on.
他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。

（二）比较级句型
可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，…的多a little，a bit，…一点儿even 甚至，still仍然Eg.
Lesson One is much easier than LessonTwo.
第一课比第二课容易得多。

Tom looks even younger than before.
汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。

1. 当句中有than 时则用比较级。

eg:
He is fatter than me.
2．当句子中的比较对象为两者时用比较级：“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，A or B？”
Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？
哪一个大，地球还是月球？
3. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。

加more构成比较级的形容词则用more and more +形容词表示越来越……
The flowers are more and more beautiful.
花儿越来越漂亮。

English is more and more important.
4. “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。

The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
5. “A+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+…”表示“A是两者中较……的”。

Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.
6. A+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“A 比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“A最……”。

The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.
（三）最高级常用句型结构
1．“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。

Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.
This apple is the biggest of the five.
2．“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。

Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.
3．“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A，B，or C？”用于三者以上
Which is the biggest? The moon, the sun or ths earth?
4. ”the +序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围”。

表示……是第几大（…）
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
【注意】形容词最高级之前要加the,但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则不加the
He is the best student in my class. He is my best friend
【典型例题】
1. —What’s___________ mountain in the world?
—Qomolangma. It’s 8,844.43 meters high.
A. highest
B. the highest
C. higher
D the higher
【答案】B
2. Could you speak in a__________ voice? We can hardly hear you.
A. friendlier
B. louder
C. softer
D. lovelier
【答案】B
【解析】根据We canhardly hear you.可知对方请求说话声音再大些。

对比选项，故选B。

【考点】形容词比较级
3. —Which one do you like_________?—Neither, thanks.
A.better
B.the better
C.best
D .the best
【答案】A
【解析】根据Neither,thanks两个都不喜欢，可知是两者比较级，所以用比较级。

【考点】比较级
4. —Did you know China is one of the oldest countries in the world? —Yes, I did. It’s ______ than the US.
A. much older
B. more older
C. much elder
D. more elder
【答案】B
【解析】-你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗？-是的，我知道，它比美国古老多了。

根据句中的than,可知判断用比较级。

old的比较级是older或elder ,
elder通常于名词前作定语用，而不能用在be动词或系动词后作表语,即This is my elder brother.而older作“年长的”解时，则正好与之相反，它用作表语，而不用作定语形容词,即He is older.much 可以修饰比较级，结合该句中它做表语，故选B。

【考点】形容词比较级
5. Yao Ming is one of________most popular________in China.
A.a ; players
B.the ; players
C.an ;runners
D.much; runners
【答案】B。