专升本综合英语阅读写作翻译训练题一

专业英语专业知识真题(考试时间120分钟，满分150）答题说明：(1)选择题部分的答案请再答题卡上相应的子母中间划横线，如【A】(2)主观题的答案写在答题纸上相应的位置。

注意事项：答案写在试卷上一律不给分。

I.Writing(100points)Section A Letter-writing(30points)Write on ANSER SHEET a thank-you]otter of about60-80words based on the following situation:You went to Beijing for a tour this Spring Festival.One of your friends helped you a lot during the trip.Write a thank-you letter to him.You DON'T need to write the heading and inside address.Marks will be awarded for content,organization,grammar and appropriacy.Section B Composition(70points)It is said that divorce rate keeps going up now,Some people believe divorce is the only means to solve the family crisis.What is your opinion?Write on ANSWER SHEET a composition of about150words on the following topic:Marriage and DivorceYou are supposed to write in three parts.In the first part,state your point of view.In the second part,give one or two reasons to support your point of view.In the last part,bring what you have written to a natural conclusion. Marks will be awarded for content,organization,grammar and appropriacy.II.Translation(50points)Section C Translate these sentences into English(20points,4for each)1，我们想心平气和，通情达理地通过直接谈判解决问题。

2，对不同文化价值观少了解或不了解时，就会产生跨文化交际的困难。

3，不要把钱看得太重，否则你有可能做出有失身份的事。

4，他们听到那起野蛮的绑架消息后感到毛骨悚然。

5，假如我们能正视，承受，并接受失败的话，失败有助于个人的成长，还增进人际关系。

Section D Translate these sentences into Chinese(30poin~,6foreach) 1.Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients--to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death?2.The relationship of the individual to his culture is analogous to an actor and his director.The actor puts his own acting but is nevertheless influenced by the director.3.Our flesh may perish,our hands will wither,but that which they create in beauty and goodness and truth lives on for all time to come.4.In the face of the tensions and pressures we all face every singleday,a sense of humor can be a saving grace.The ability to laugh is crucial to our fullest development,to our"mental health".5.Failure is a better teacher than success since success always encourages repetition of old behavior whereas failure can prompt fresh thinking,a change of direction.第二部分阅读I.Vocabulary(10points,I for each)Directions:Read each of the following sentences carefully,and chooseA,B,C,or D to complete the sentences.I.It is to believe that the number8brings fortune or good luck.A.absurdB.adhereC.accumulationD.accord2.Although most dreams apparently happen___,dream activity may be provoked by external influences.A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.homogeneouslyD.instantaneously3.By computation,he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand dollars.A.coarseB.rudeC.crudeD.rough4.Your story about the frog turning into a prince is nonsense.A.sheerB.shearC.shieldD.sheet5.You could paint the walls and ceilings the same color so they together.A.bleachB.blushC.blendD.blot6.Reading the mind only with material of knowledge;it is thinking that makes what we read ours.A.rectifiesB.prolongsC.minimizesD.furnishes7.Mr.Berry,the author of the play,said that the resemblance of the hero to an actual person was a pureedybatC.coincidenceD.conceit8.Though her parents her musical ability,Jerry's piano playing is really terrible.A.pour scorn onB.heap praise uponC.give vent toD.cast lightupon9.The president argued that the depression stemmed from the American economy's flaws.A.underliningB.vulnerableC.vulgarD.underlying10.This kind of material can heat and moisture.A.deletepelC.constrainD.repelⅡ.Reading Comprehension(120point,3for each)Directions:In this section there are six passages followed by questions or unfinished statement,each with four suggested answers marked A,B,C or D Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.Passage1The universities from which our own are descended were founded in the Middle Ages.They were established either by corporations of students wanting to learn,as in Italy,or by teachers wanting to teach as in France. Corporations that had special or customary privileges for the purpose ofcarrying out the intentions of the incorporators were common in those days. The university corporations of the Middle Ages at the height of their power were not responsible to anybody,in the sense that they could not be brought to book by any authority.They claimed,and made good their claim,complete independence of all secular and religious control The American university was,however,at first a corporation formed by a religious denomination or by the state for the purposes of the denomination or the state.The American university in the seventeenth century was much closer to the American university today than to the medieval university.The Puritan communities needed ministers and professional men and so established universities to provide ter,religious groups built universities in order to extend their own influence.For example,the University of Chicago was founded by devout Baptists to combat the rising tide of Methodism in the Middle West.The president and trustees of the university were required to have the proper religious affiliations in order to keep the university on the right path.Fortunately,the combination of John D.Rockefeller, William Rainey Harper,and the enlightened wing of the Baptist Church preserved the university from too narrow an interpretation of its purpose.11.what does the passage mainly discussed?A.The importance of the universities.B.The universities of the Middle Ages.C.Different purposes of founding universities.D.Americans universities of the eighteenth century.12.in the passage,the phrase"brought to book"(Para.1)most probablymeansA.asked to teach certain books.B.wanted to order certain books.C.required to explain certain books.D.required to explain their actions.13.Which of the following best describes the basic motive for founding a university in a Puritan community?A.To propagandize the religious ideas of the Puritans.B.To make students study their religion.C.To convert more people.D.To provide necessary personnel for the Puritan communities.14.It is implied that the University of ChicagoA.underwent a period of liberalizationB.succeeded in fighting the influence of MethodistsC.made true of the"founders"purposeD.was finally taken over by John D.Rockefeller15.All of the following statements are true in the passage EXCEPTA.John D.Rockefeller helped to set up the University of Chicago.B.The University corporations of the Middle Ages were independentC.The American university today was similar to the university of the seventeenth centuryD.The French universities were founded by groups of professors. Passage2Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life.With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth.He has transformed woodlands into farmland,and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power.Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.However,man's changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results.Today,pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet.Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles;smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of countryside.The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy.The pollution of water is equally harmful.In the sea,pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers of algae(水藻),fish and birds.The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed.The same problem exists in rivers.Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth.16.Man has changed his physical environment with a view toA.altering the physical features of the earthB.bettering his way of lifeC.improving his surroundingsD.modifying the face of the planet17.According to the passage,pollution of the air and water is caused byA.thousands of tons of gases coming out of the exhausts of motor vehiclesB.the changes of the environment that technology has brought to manC.the increasing amount of oil that has been producedD.industrial wastes discharged into rivers18.The ecological balance of the sea is lost whenA.people consume more fish than they used toB.the ecological balance of the river is lostrge numbers of algae,fish and birds are killedD.the production of marine petroleum is increased19.Who would most probably disagree with conservationists?A. Industrialists.B.Ecologists.C.Businessmen.D.Environmentalists20.The purpose of the writer isA.to reduce modern technologyB.to improve man's way of lifeC.to warn people not to change the natural environmentD.to call attention to the protection of the natural environment Passage3People appear to be born to compute.The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth.Not long after learning to walk and talk,they can set the table with impressive accuracy--one plate,one knife,one spoon,one fork,for each of the five chairs.Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, spoons,and forks on the table,and a bit later,that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware.Having thus mastered addition,they move on to subtraction.It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child weresecluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later,he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.Of course,the truth is not so simple this century.The work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends.Children were observed as they slowly grasped--or,as the case might be,bumped into-concepts that adults take for granted,as they refused,for instance,to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one.Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children,asked to count the pencils,on a pile,readily report the number of blue or red pencils,but must be coaxed into finding the total.Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually,and with effort.They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers--the idea of a oneness,twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table--is itself far more innate.21.What does the passage mainly discuss?A.trends in teaching mathematics to children.B.The use of mathematics in child psychology.C.The development of mathematical ability in children.D.The fundamental concepts of mathematics that children must learn.22.It can be inferred from the passage that children normally learn simple countingA.soon after they learn to talkB.by looking at the clockC.when they begin to be mathematically matureD.after they reach school grade in school23.According to the passage,when small children were asked to count a pile of red and blue pencils,they__A.counted the number of pencils of each otherB.counted the total number of\pencilsC.counted only the pencils of their favorite colorD.subtracted the number of red pencils from the number blue pencils.24.The word"itself"in last sentence refers toA.the totalB.the concept of abstract numberC.any class of objectsD.setting a table25.The word"prerequisite"in paragraph two is closest in meaning toA.reasonB.theoryC.requirementD.technique Passage4More surprising,perhaps,than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick notes,Americans are marrying people:relative to Europeans,more of us marry and we marry at a younger age.Moreover,after a decline in the early1970s,the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro-marriage context:some 80percent of divorced individuals remarry.Thus,marriage remains,by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society.What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family.Twenty fiveyears ago,the typical American family consisted of a husband,a wife,and two or three children.Now,there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children.And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wife's previous marriage,or the husband' s,or both.Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage;sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses(配偶).Thus,one can find the very type of family arrangement.There are marriages without children;marriages with children from only the present marriage;marriages with"full-time"children from the present marriage and "part-time"children from former marriages.There are stepfathers, stepmothers,half-brothers,and half-sisters.It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents!These are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family.But even so,even in the midst of all this,there remains one constant:most Americans spend most of their adult lives married.26.By calling Americans marrying people the author means thatA.Americans are more traditional than EuropeansB.Americans expect more out of marriage than EuropeansC.there are more married couples in U.S.A than in EuropeD.more of Americans,as compared with Europeans,prefer marriage and they accept it at a younger age27.Divorced AmericansA.will most likely remarryB.prefer the way they liveC.have lost faith in marriageD.are the vast majority of people in the society28.Which of the following can be presented as the picture of today's American families?A.A typical American family consists of only a husband and a wife,B.Many types of family arrangements have become socially acceptable.C.Americans prefer to have more kids than before.D.There are no nuclear families any more.29."Part-time"childrenA.spend some of their time with their half-brothers and some of their time with their half-sistersB.spend all of their time with one parent from the previous marriageC.are shared between the two former spousesD.cannot stay with"full-time"children30.Even though great changes have taken place in the structure of American families,A.the functions of marriage remain unchangedB.most Americans prefer a second marriageC.the vast majority of Americans still have faith in marriageD.All of the abovePassage5Students who score high in achievement needs tend to make higher grades in college than those who score low.When degree aptitude for collegework,as indicated by College Entrance Examination Board Tests,is held constant,engineering students who score high in achievement needs tend to make higher grades in college than the aptitude test scores would indicate.We can define this need as the habitual desire to do useful work well. It is a noticeable influence characteristic of those who need little supervision.Their desire for accomplishment is a stronger motivation than any stimulation the supervisor can provide.Individuals who function in terms of this drive do not try to deceive others in regard to a job that they fail to do well.Some employees have a strong drive for success in their work:others are satisfied when they make a living.Those who want to feel that they are successful have high aspiration for themselves.Thoughts concerning the achievement drive are often prominent in the evaluations made by the typical employment interviewer who interviews college seniors for executive training. He wants to find out whether the senior has a strong drive to get ahead or merely to hold a job.Research indicates that some who get ahead have an even stronger drive to avoid failure.31.It can be inferred from the passage that individuals with a strong drive to succeedA.accept responsibility for themselvesB.blame others if they failC.are motivated by stimulation a supervisorD.pretended they haven't failed when they have32.Employees who are successful in their work areA.self-satisfied B.high-mindedC.ambitiousD.self-important33.What quality do employment interviewers look for in college seniors for executive training?A.Ability to hold down a job.B.High achievement needs.C.Capacity to work hard.D.Constant aptitude for work.34.What motivates some seniors to succeed?A.They are afraid of failing.B.They like living well.C.They want to become executives.D.They wish to do research work.35.Which is the main subject of this passage?A.Students'grades in college.B.Individual motivation for work.C.The achievement needs of engineering students.D.Successful interview techniques.Passage6Short Answer QuestionsDirectfons:In this part there Js a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements.Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements Zn the fewest possible words(not exceeding10 words).For many women choosing whether to work or not to work outside their home is a luxury:they must work to survive.Others face a hard decision.Perhaps the easiest choice has to do with economics.One husband said"Marge and I decided after careful consideration that for her to back to work at this moment was an extravagance(奢侈)we couldn't afford."With two preschool children,it soon became clear in their figuring that with baby-sitters(临时照看小孩的人),transportation,and increased taxes, rather than having more money,they might actually end up with less.Economic factors are usually the first to be considered,but they are not the most important.The most important aspects of the decision have to do with the emotional needs of each member of the family.It is in this area that husbands and wives find themselves having to face many confusing and conflicting feelings.There are many women who find that homemaking is boring or who feel imprisoned(被囚禁)if they have to stay home with a young child or several children.On the other hand,there are women who think that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction.From my own experience,I would like to suggest that sometimes the decision to go back to work is made in too much haste.There are few decisions that I now regret more.I wasn't mature enough to see how much I could have gained at home.I regret my impatience to get on with my career.I wish I had allowed myself the luxury of watching the world through my little girl' s eyes.Questions"(注意答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。