DDC第03章-2-final
201412-2听力原文+答案
2014年12月英语六级听力原文第2套听力短对话1.2.W: Oh, here’s a piece of cake and a small coffee for you, sir. The total is 35 yuan. For here or to go?M: To go. I’d like to have them in my car. Thank you.Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?2. W: Oh, I must have been sitting in the same position too long. My legs have fallen asleep.M: Shake them a little before you get up.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?3. W: It’s hard to believe that half the class couldn’t complete the three-t housand-meter race, isn’t it?M: I’m afraid that says something about the students’ physical fitness. Q: What does the man mean?4. W: Have Lisa and Eric started a family yet? They’ve been married for two years now.M: Eric told me that they postponed having children until he gets his doc toral degree.Q: What do we learn about Lisa and Eric?5. W: Hi, John. Haven’t seen you for quite a few days. I heard from guysat the gym you’ve been sick. How are you feeling now?M: They must have confused me with my brother Jack. Anyway, he’s fee ling better now.Q: What does the man mean?6. W: Excuse me. Will it take me long to get to the museum that opened t o the public recently?M: No, it’s no distance at all. In fact, I’m going in the same direction. Co me and I’ll show you the way when we get to the crossroads. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?7. M: See that guy over there in the corner. He comes in every Friday nig ht around six and he just sits there for hours。
IBMMaximo资产管理解决方案建议书_VDPFinal
IBMMaximo资产管理解决⽅案建议书_VDPFinalIBM Maximo资产管理解决⽅案建议书IBM Maximo 资产管理解决⽅案建议书⽬录第1章IBM中国公司简介 (1)第2章为什么需要企业资产管理 (2)2.1 企业资产管理的重要性 (2)2.2 IBM M AXIMO 资产管理解决⽅案简介 (3)第3章IBM MAXIMO 资产管理解决⽅案说明 (4)3.1 全⾯的资产管理 (4)3.2 ⼯作管理 (5)3.3 服务管理 (5)3.4 合同管理 (5)3.5 物资管理 (6)3.6 采购管理 (6)3.7 其它扩展功能 (7)第4章为什么选择IBM 资产管理 (9)第1章IBM中国公司简介IBM，即国际商业机器公司，1911年创⽴于美国，是全球最⼤的信息技术和业务解决⽅案公司，业务遍及170多个国家和地区。
2007年，IBM 公司的全球营业收⼊达到988亿美元。
IBM 与中国的业务关系源远流长。
早在1934年，IBM 公司就为北京协和医院安装了第⼀台商⽤处理机。
随着中国改⾰开放的不断深⼊，IBM 在华业务⽇益扩⼤。
80年代中后期，IBM 先后在北京、上海设⽴了办事处。
到⽬前为⽌，IBM 在中国的办事机构进⼀步扩展⾄26个城市，从⽽进⼀步扩⼤了在华业务覆盖⾯。
伴随着IBM 在中国的发展，IBM中国员⼯队伍不断壮⼤，⽬前已达到14000⼈。
除此之外，IBM 还成⽴了10 家合资和独资公司，分别负责制造、软件开发、服务和租赁的业务。
IBM ⾮常注重对技术研发的投⼊。
1995年，IBM 在中国成⽴了中国研究中⼼，是IBM 全球⼋⼤研究中⼼之⼀，现有200多位中国的计算机专家。
随后在1999年⼜率先在中国成⽴了软件开发中⼼，现有3000多位中国软件⼯程师专攻整合中间件，数据库，Linux 等领域的产品开发。
⼆⼗多年来，IBM 的各类信息系统已成为中国⾦融、电信、冶⾦、⽯化、交通、商品流通、政府和教育等许多重要业务领域中最可靠的信息技术⼿段。
穿着条纹睡衣的男孩2-8章读后感英文
穿着条纹睡衣的男孩2-8章读后感英文全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Chapter 2:In the second chapter of "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas", Bruno meets a boy named Shmuel who is wearing striped pyjamas on the other side of the fence. At first, Bruno is confused about why Shmuel is wearing pyjamas during the day. However, he soon realizes that they are living in very different circumstances. This chapter shows us that even though they come from different backgrounds, Bruno and Shmuel can still become friends.Chapter 3:In this chapter, Bruno starts visiting Shmuel regularly on the other side of the fence. Despite the differences in their lives, they find common ground and enjoy each other's company. Bruno learns about Shmuel's life in the camp and starts to understand the harsh reality of the situation. This chapter highlights the power of friendship and how it can transcend barriers.Chapter 4:As Bruno continues to visit Shmuel, he becomes more aware of the injustices happening in the camp. He sees how Shmuel is treated differently because of his background and realizes the importance of standing up for what is right. This chapter teaches us about the impact of discrimination and the importance of empathy towards others.Overall, "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas" is a powerful and thought-provoking book that explores themes of friendship, empathy, and the consequences of prejudice. Through the eyes of Bruno and Shmuel, we are reminded of the importance of treating others with kindness and understanding, regardless of our differences. This book serves as a reminder of the impact of our actions and the need to stand up for what is right.篇2Chapter 2So, this book is all about this boy who wears striped pajamas.I mean, who wears pajamas to school, right? But for some reason, this boy does. His name is Jake and he's always getting into trouble because of those silly pajamas. But I guess that's whatmakes him different from everyone else. He's not afraid to be himself, even if it means standing out.Chapter 3In this chapter, Jake decides to wear his striped pajamas to a class trip to the zoo. Can you believe it? Everyone else is wearing regular clothes but not Jake. He's just rocking those pajamas like it’s no big deal. And you know what? He actually ends up having the best time at the zoo. He makes friends with the monkeys and even gets to feed the lions. Who knew pajamas could be so cool?Chapter 4Things start to get a little crazy in this chapter. Jake's classmates start making fun of him for wearing pajamas to school. They call him all sorts of names like "Pajama Boy" and "Striped Freak." But you know what Jake does? He doesn't let it get to him. He just shrugs it off and goes about his day like nothing happened. I wish I could be as brave as Jake.Chapter 5In this chapter, Jake's teacher assigns a project to the class. Everyone has to dress up as their favorite book character and give a presentation. Jake is so excited because he finally gets toshow off his striped pajamas. But when he walks into the classroom dressed as the boy from his favorite book, no one says a word. They just stare at him like he's from another planet. Poor Jake. I hope things get better for him soon.Chapter 6The chapter follows Jake as he navigates his way through the tough world of elementary school. He faces bullies, struggles with homework, and tries to make new friends. But through it all, he never loses his sense of humor or his love for his striped pajamas. He learns that being different is OK and that it's what makes him special. I admire Jake for his bravery and his ability to stay true to himself.Chapter 7As Jake grows older, he starts to realize that being different isn't always easy. People still make fun of him for wearing his striped pajamas, but he doesn't let it bother him. He knows that he's unique and that's all that matters. He even starts a pajama club at school where kids can come and hang out in their favorite sleepwear. Jake's confidence inspires others to embrace their quirks and be proud of who they are.Chapter 8This final chapter is all about Jake's journey toself-acceptance. He learns to love himself and his pajamas, no matter what anyone else thinks. He becomes a role model for kids who feel different or out of place. Jake teaches us that it's OK to be ourselves, even if it means standing out in a crowd. I'll never look at pajamas the same way again. Thank you, Jake, for showing us what true courage looks like.篇3Chapter 2So, in Chapter 2 of "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas," Bruno and his family move to a new house in a place called "Out-With." Bruno doesn't really like their new house, especially because it's smaller than their old one. He also misses his friends and his grandma back in Berlin. But, he decides to explore the surroundings of his new house.Chapter 3In Chapter 3, while exploring, Bruno sees a fence with people on the other side wearing striped pyjamas. He wonders why these people are wearing such strange clothes and why they all look sad and tired. He also meets a boy named Shmuel who liveson the other side of the fence. Bruno and Shmuel become friends and talk to each other through the fence.Chapter 4Chapter 4 is really sad because Bruno finds out that Shmuel is a Jewish boy who is kept in a concentration camp by the Nazis. Bruno doesn't understand why Shmuel and the other people in the camp are treated so badly. He starts to question his father's job as a Nazi officer and begins to realize that not everything is as it seems.These chapters are really interesting and make me think about how people should be treated with kindness and respect, no matter where they come from or what they believe in. I hope that Bruno and Shmuel can stay friends and find a way to escape from the terrible place they are in. I can't wait to read the next chapters and see what happens next!篇4Title: Thoughts after Reading "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas"Chapter 1Hey guys! Today I want to share with you my thoughts after reading "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas". This book is super sad and made me feel all kinds of emotions. It's about a boy named Bruno and his friend Shmuel who live on opposite sides of a fence during World War II. It's really heartbreaking because they are both just kids but they can't be friends because of the war.Chapter 2One thing I learned from the book is that friendship is so important. Bruno and Shmuel are from different backgrounds but they still become friends and care for each other. It shows that friendship can help us overcome any obstacles, even in difficult times like war.Chapter 3Another thing that stood out to me is how unfair the world can be sometimes. Bruno and Shmuel didn't choose to be on different sides of the fence, but the adults in their lives put them there because of the war. It made me realize that we should always try to be kind to others and treat everyone with respect, no matter where they come from.Chapter 4The ending of the book really made me think about how precious life is. Without giving away any spoilers, the ending is so sad and unexpected. It made me appreciate the people in my life and reminded me to never take anything for granted.Chapter 5Overall, "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas" is a powerful and thought-provoking book that teaches us important lessons about friendship, kindness, and the impact of war. It made me feel grateful for the people in my life and reminded me to always treat others with compassion and understanding.I hope you guys give this book a read and let me know what you think! Let's all strive to be better friends and make the world a kinder place. Thank you for listening to my thoughts!篇5Chapter 2:Oh wow! The boy wearing striped pajamas made a new friend, and his name is Shmuel. They started talking and playing together every day. It's so nice to see them having fun and sharing snacks. I think Shmuel is a good friend, and he seems really kind. I can't wait to see what they will do next!Chapter 3:Things are getting more exciting in the book. The boy in the striped pajamas found out that Shmuel is on the other side of a fence and they can't play together like before. It's so sad! I feel really bad for them. Why can't they be together? I hope they find a way to be friends again.Chapter 4:Wow, the boy in the striped pajamas decided to go to the other side of the fence to help Shmuel! He is so brave and kind. I was nervous for them, but I'm glad they are together again. They are going on an adventure now, and I'm curious to see what will happen next. I hope they stay safe and happy.Chapter 5:I can't believe what happened in this chapter. The boys went to search for Shmuel's dad, but they got separated. It's so scary! I hope they find each other soon. The boy in the striped pajamas must be so worried. I really want everything to be okay for them. They are such good friends, and they deserve to be happy.Chapter 6:Oh no, things are getting even more intense. The boy in the striped pajamas and Shmuel are in big trouble now. They are in aplace called Auschwitz, and it's really dangerous. I'm so worried about them! Will they be okay? Will they find their way back to safety? I can't stop thinking about what will happen next.Chapter 7:I can't believe the ending of this chapter. It's so sad and heartbreaking. The boy in the striped pajamas and Shmuel are in a terrible situation, and I don't know how they will get out of it. I wish they could be safe and happy together. I hope there will be a happy ending for them, even though things look really bad right now.Chapter 8:The book has come to an end, and I have so many feelings about it. The boy in the striped pajamas and Shmuel's story is so touching and emotional. I cried a lot at the end, but I also felt hopeful. Their friendship was so strong, and it showed me how important it is to be kind and caring to others. I will never forget this book, and I will always remember the boys in their striped pajamas.篇6Chapter 2: The Mystery of the Striped PajamasHey guys, so I just finished reading the second chapter of "The Boy in the Striped Pajamas" and it's getting more and more interesting! In this chapter, Bruno tries to figure out why all the people on the other side of the fence are wearing the same striped pajamas. He asks his mom and dad about it, but they just tell him to stay away from that side of the house.I feel like Bruno is really curious and brave for trying to find out the truth about what's going on. I can't wait to see what he discovers in the next chapter!Chapter 3: Meeting ShmuelGuess what guys, Bruno finally made a friend from the other side of the fence in this chapter! His name is Shmuel and he's wearing the same striped pajamas as everyone else. Bruno feels bad for Shmuel because he looks so skinny and sad.I think it's really cool that Bruno wants to be friends with Shmuel even though they're from different worlds. Friendship is so important and I can't wait to see how their friendship grows in the next chapters.Chapter 4: The Secret MeetingOMG guys, things are getting super intense in this chapter! Bruno and Shmuel have been sneaking off to meet each other atthe fence every day. They talk and play games together, and Bruno even brings Shmuel some food because he's so hungry.I think it's so nice of Bruno to be such a good friend to Shmuel. But I'm also worried about what might happen if someone finds out about their secret meetings. I can't wait to see what twists and turns come next in the story!Chapter 5: The Big DiscoveryGuys, I just finished reading chapter 5 and I can't believe what happened! Bruno snuck into the other side of the fence to help Shmuel find his missing dad. They end up going on a crazy adventure together and Bruno sees the horrors of the concentration camp.I was so shocked and sad to read about all the terrible things happening on the other side of the fence. It's so important to remember the lessons of history so that we can prevent these kinds of atrocities from happening again. I can't wait to see how Bruno's brave actions will impact the rest of the story.Chapter 6: The Heartbreaking EndingI can't stop crying guys, the ending of "The Boy in the Striped Pajamas" is so sad and heartbreaking. I won't spoil it foryou, but it's a reminder of the importance of kindness, empathy, and standing up for what's right.I feel like this book has taught me so much about the power of friendship, the dangers of prejudice, and the importance of never turning a blind eye to injustice. Even though it made me cry, I'm grateful for the opportunity to learn from Bruno and Shmuel's story.Overall, "The Boy in the Striped Pajamas" is a powerful and emotional book that will stay with me forever. I highly recommend it to all my friends so we can learn and grow together.篇7Chapter 2:Hey guys! So in the second chapter of “The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas”, Bruno is feeling pretty lonely in his new house. He misses his old friends and doesn’t understand why his family had to move so suddenly. But then he sees a boy in the distance wearing striped pyjamas and decides to go exploring. I think that’s pretty brave of him, don’t you?Chapter 3:Bruno meets the boy in the striped pyjamas, whose name is Shmuel. Shmuel is really different from Bruno –he’s Jewish and lives on the other side of a fence that Bruno’s not allowed to cross. But even though they come from different worlds, they become friends. I think it’s cool that they can look pas t their differences and just be friends, don’t you?Chapter 4:In this chapter, Bruno starts sneaking out of the house to visit Shmuel. They talk about their lives and Bruno learns about the terrible things happening on Shmuel’s side of the fence. It’s really sad to hear about what’s going on, but it also shows how important it is to treat everyone with kindness and respect, no matter where they come from. I think that’s a really important lesson, don’t you?Chapter 5:Things start to get even more serious in this chapter. Bruno’s dad gets a promotion and they have to move again, but this time to a place called “Out-With”. Bruno doesn’t want to leave Shmuel behind, but he doesn’t have a choice. It’s really heartbreak ing to see their friendship tested like this, but it also shows how strong their bond is. I think it’s amazing how much they care about each other, don’t you?Chapter 6:In the final chapter, everything comes to a head. Bruno and Shmuel make a plan to help Shmuel find his missing father, but it all goes terribly wrong. The boys end up in a terrible situation that changes their lives forever. It’s a really sad ending, but it also shows the power of friendship and how important it is to stand up for w hat’s right. I’m so glad I read this book, and I hope you guys enjoyed it too!So that’s my reading response to “The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas”. I hope you guys liked it! Let me know what you think in the comments. Thanks for reading!篇8Chapter 2:Hey guys! I just finished reading the second chapter of "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas" and oh boy, things are getting intense! Bruno has been exploring his new home and he found a fence with people in striped pyjamas on the other side. I wonder who those people are and why they are all wearing the same clothes. I can't wait to find out more in the next chapter!Chapter 3:OMG, things are getting even more mysterious in chapter three! Bruno met a boy on the other side of the fence named Shmuel. Shmuel is wearing the same striped pyjamas as everyone else and he looks so sad. I feel so sorry for him and I really want to know why he's stuck behind that fence. This book is making me think a lot about how unfair the world can be sometimes.Chapter 4:Wow, chapter four was a rollercoaster of emotions! Bruno and Shmuel have become friends and they are sneaking around and talking to each other every day. Bruno even brought Shmuel some food because he looked so hungry. I love how their friendship is growing despite the big fence separating them. But I'm also getting a bad feeling that something really bad is going to happen soon. I hope they can stay friends no matter what.Chapter 5:I just finished reading chapter five and I have so many mixed feelings! Bruno's family is moving away from their home and Bruno is upset that he has to leave Shmuel behind. I can't believe his dad is involved in something so scary and dangerous. I feel so sad for Bruno and Shmuel because their friendship is being tornapart. I can't wait to see how everything turns out in the next chapter.I am really enjoying this book so far, even though it's making me feel a lot of different emotions. I can't wait to see what happens next and how Bruno and Shmuel's friendship will overcome all the obstacles in their way. This is definitely one of the best books I've ever read!篇9Chapter 2: The Mysterious HouseHey guys, have you ever been too curious about something that you just had to go investigate? Well, that's exactly how Tom felt when he saw the old house at the end of the street. It had been abandoned for as long as he could remember, and he was determined to find out what secrets it held.One dark and stormy night, when the wind was howling and the trees swayed ominously, Tom gathered his courage and crept towards the house. The windows were all boarded up, but he could see a faint light coming from inside. Taking a deep breath, he pushed the creaky door open and stepped inside.Chapter 3: The Ghostly EncounterAs Tom tiptoed through the dusty hallway, he heard a strange noise coming from the room at the end. He cautiously made his way towards it, his heart beating faster with every step. Pushing the door open, he found himself face to face with a ghostly figure.The ghost was transparent and floated in the air, emitting an eerie glow. Tom was frozen in fear, unable to move as the ghost spoke to him in a hollow voice. "Who dares to disturb my slumber?" it boomed, sending shivers down Tom's spine.Chapter 4: The Hidden TreasureDespite his fear, Tom managed to stammer out a question. "What are you doing here?" The ghost let out a chilling laugh and beckoned him closer. "I am the guardian of this house, and I have been waiting for someone brave enough to uncover the treasure hidden within these walls."Tom's eyes widened in disbelief. Treasure? In this old, abandoned house? The ghost nodded solemnly and guided him to a hidden trapdoor in the floor. With trembling hands, Tom lifted the door and gasped in amazement at the sight before him.Chapter 5: The Power of FriendshipUnderneath the trapdoor was a room filled with glittering jewels, piles of gold coins, and sparkling diamonds. Tom couldn't believe his eyes, and he turned to thank the ghost for showing him this incredible discovery. But to his surprise, the ghost had vanished, leaving only a faint whisper in the air.As Tom filled his pockets with the treasure, he realized that the real treasure lay not in the gold and jewels, but in the friendship he had forged with the ghost. He left the old house feeling grateful for the adventure and knowing that sometimes, the most precious things in life are the ones we find when we least expect them.And that's the end of my story about the boy in striped pajamas. It was super exciting and I hope you guys liked it too! Let's go on our own adventures and discover treasures together!篇10Chapter 2: In the second chapter of "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas", the main character Bruno explores his new home at Out-With and meets a boy named Shmuel who lives on the other side of the fence. Despite their different circumstances, Bruno and Shmuel form a friendship and spend time talking through the fence.Chapter 3: As Bruno and Shmuel continue to get to know each other, Bruno becomes more curious about Shmuel's life on the other side of the fence. He starts to question why they are kept apart and why Shmuel is always so sad. Bruno's innocence and open-mindedness make him determined to find a way to help his new friend.Chapter 4: In this chapter, Bruno decides to sneak over to the other side of the fence to play with Shmuel. He puts on a pair of striped pyjamas to disguise himself and manages to slip through the barbed wire. However, the boys' innocent attempt at friendship takes a dark turn when they are caught by soldiers and separated.Chapter 5: After being caught, Bruno is scolded by his parents and forbidden to go near the fence again. He is left feeling confused and guilty about his actions, but he can't shake the feeling of wanting to help Shmuel. As Bruno reflects on the events that have unfolded, he starts to understand the harsh reality of the world outside of his sheltered life at Out-With.Chapter 6: As Bruno's friendship with Shmuel deepens, he becomes more aware of the injustice and cruelty that surrounds them. He witnesses the harsh treatment of Shmuel by the soldiers and is faced with the harsh reality of the situation.Despite the dangers and risks, Bruno is determined to stand by his friend and help him in any way he can.Chapter 7: In this chapter, Bruno's determination to help Shmuel leads to a risky plan to smuggle food to him through the fence. The boys meet secretly and share a moment of camaraderie as they enjoy the simple act of sharing a meal together. This moment of connection reminds Bruno of the power of friendship and the importance of standing up for what is right.Chapter 8: As the story continues, Bruno's bond with Shmuel grows stronger and he becomes more involved in helping his friend. Despite the risks and dangers, Bruno's compassion and bravery shine through as he navigates the complexities of their forbidden friendship. The emotional journey of the characters and the stark contrast between their lives serve as a poignant reminder of the impact of prejudice and the strength of human connection.。
第三章 CCR
第三章CCR---92B型调光器电路原理CCR—92型调光系统总体结构仍然按照民航总局要求采取的“两主一备”方式，即两台主机、一台备用调光器。
同时又增加了一台主控机。
系统组成如图所示：我们将在第三章、第四章分别介绍CCR—92B型调光器和CCR—92M型主控机。
第一节CCR---92B型调光器的总体结构图 3.1是CCR---92B型调光器的总体结构方框图。
从图中可以看到，CCR---92B型调光器主要由以下几个部分组成。
a.主回路b.主板(A板)c.触发电路板(B板)d.一体化电源e.取样变压器主回路的工作原理在第一章中做了介绍。
第二章详细分析了可控硅的工作原理及各种性能参数。
在本章的以下各节中，我们将分别介绍两块主要电路板的构成、原理及调试方法。
图3.1 CCR---92B型调光器总体结构方框图第二节电路的原理与调试3.2.1 A、B板的电路组成由图3.1可见，两块板是由以下几个部分组成的。
a.电流取样调整电路b.电压取样调整电路(A、B板各一部分)c.过零点取样调整电路d.脉冲形成电路(A、B板各一部分)e.A/D转换电路f.单片机系统g.键盘管理与显示电路A板的A/D转换、过零点检测和B板是将微机系统与强电回路联系起来的中间环节，其作用是根据微机系统发出的控制信号执行对可控硅的控制操作，同时将主回路的状态信息进行处理，输送给微机。
3.2.2 A、B板的原理3.2.2.1 电流取样调整电路电流取样信号通过电流互感器取自升压变压器次级,反映了灯光回路电流的变化，是进行恒流控制的主要参数。
在主板上，电流取样调整电路的作用是将取得的电流反馈信号变换成计算机宜于处理的直流信号，同时设置了增益调整电路，用于数字电流表的校正。
电流取样调整电路的方框图请参见图3.1。
a．有效值转换电路有效值转换电路是将输入的电流取样信号的交流波形转换成其有效值直流电平信号。
转换后的有效值直流信号与灯光回路中的电流成线性等比关系。
新世纪视听说教程第二册听力原文及答案
新世纪视听说教程第二册听力原文及答案(总13页)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除新世纪大学英语2 optional listeningUnit One, Book 2Listening 1Boy: Hey, Grandma, what’s in this boxGrandma: Oh, nothing really… Just a few old keepsakes.B: KeepsakesG: Young man, you know what a keepsake is !B: No, I don’t. I really don’t.G: Well, it’s something you keep. It’s something that gives you a lot of memories.B: Oh. What’s thisG: Now don’t go just digging around in there! ... Hmmm, let’s see…. that’s my first diary. B: Can I….G: No, you can’t read it! It’s per sonal! I wrote about my first boyfriend in there. He became your grandfather!B: Oh, ok…. Well then, what’s that It has your picture in it.G: That’s my passport. YOU can see, I traveled to Europe by ship.B: What’s that big bookG: My yearbook. It’s my hi gh school book of memories.B: Class of 1961! Boy, that’s old!G: That’s about enough out of you, young man. I think it’s time we put this box away and…Listening 2At the age of thirteen, I took my first trip alone. I went to visit my grandparents in Los Angeles. I felt very nervous about traveling so far, but my mother said, “Don’t worry. You’ll be fine.” I got on the airplane and talked for a long time to a very nice woman who sat next to me. My grandparents met me at the airport and took me to their home.I stayed there for two weeks, and I had so much fun with them! It was my first time in Los Angeles, and I saw lots of really interesting places. In the end, I didn’t want to go home!Listening 3Making memoriesA popular new hobby is scrapbooking---making beautiful books to hold special memories. Scrapbook pages can include photos, drawings, journal entries. It’s not hard to make a scrapbook that you will enjoy for many years. Here are the steps..1. Choose a theme for your scrapbook pages. Some examples: “School days,”“ Family travel,” “Memories of my grandparents,”“ Baby’s first year.”2. Select photos for each page. Two or three really good photos are better than ten so-so photos.3. Find other paper keepsakes to use with your photos. Look for old newspaper clippings, postcards, tickets, report cards, letters--- anything made of paper. Use your imagination!4. Design the pages. Put photos and keepsakes together on each page and move them around until you find a layout that you like.5. Glue your photos and keepsakes into place. Then decorate your pages with felt pens, paint, and stickers. Use your imagination!6. Label your pages. This is the most important step! Remember to write down the “5 Ws” of your photos: Who, What, Where, When, and Why. This w ill make your scrapbook much more interesting and valuable in the future.Listening 4Yearbooks in the United StatesMost high schools in the United States publish a yearbook. The yearbook comes out once a year, usually in the spring. It is a record of the school year---- a “book of memories” for the students.Inside a yearbook is each student’s photo. The seniors are graduating soon, and their photos appear first. Next are the juniors. They are one year behind the seniors. Next come the sophomores, or second-year students. The last photos are the first-year students, the freshmen. The yearbook is not only about students. The teachers have photos, too.The yearbook also has photos and descriptions of sports teams, academic subjects, and extracurricular activities. These are activities students do after school, such as the chess club and Spanish club. There is even a yearbook club. Students in this club write, design, and take photos all year for the yearbook. At the end of the year, the book is printed.In the yearbook, some students receive special titles. The seniors vote and choose the “class clown”( a funny student), the “ most likely to succeed” ( a student everyone thinks will be successful), and the “ best dressed” (a student with a good fashion sense). There are also other awards and categories.Students typically sign each other’s yearbooks. This is especially important for the seniors, because they are graduating. Students write notes to each other, such as, “ We had a lot of fun,” or “ I’ll never forget you.” They also write about all the fun and funny experiences they shared in school together.Keys:OL1: A. 2-passport; 1-diary; 3-yearbook B. 1. boyfriend 2. Europe, ship 3. sixtiesOL2: B. ; 2. To vist his grandparents; 3. Yes. He talked for a long time to a nice woman; 4. He had lots of fun with his grandparents and he saw lots of interesting places. In the end, he even didn’t want to go home.OL3: B. 1. Scrapbooking is making beautiful books to hold special memories. Photos, pictures, etc. can be included in scrapbooks. 2. Old newspaper clippings, postcards, tickets, report cards, letters.3. The “5 Ws” of the photos: who, what, where, when and why.4. “School days”, “Family travel”, “Memories of my grandparents”，“Baby’s first year”.5. Use imagination to design the pages, and then decorate them with felt pens, paint and stickers.OL4: A 1. Most high school in the US; 2. Because they are graduating soon. ; 4. At the end of the year. means a student with a good fashion sense.B. 2. photo; 3. seniors; 4. sports; 5. yearbook; 6. titles; 7. sign; 8. memoriesOL51. choose;2. wear;3. bracelet;4. ring;5. favorite keepsake;6. pendant;7. she was in college;8. had no friends;9. remind her to be strong; 10. perfect jewelry.Unit 2, Book 2Optional Listening 11Man: Where are you running to, PaulaWoman I have Connie’s wallet. I need to give it to her.M: Come on. I’ll help you.W: I don’t see Connie anywhere.M: Look! She’s over there. Standing at the bus stop.W: Oh yeah, I see her. Connie! Connie!M: She doesn’t see us.W: You’re right, It’s too noisy, and she’s talking to someone.2M: Well, here we are. This is my mom’s house.W: It’s beautiful.M: Hey, Jen. Are you okayW: I’m just a little nervous. It’s my first time meetin g your motherM: Come on. Don’t worry. Here she is now.W2: Hi, Tim!M: Hi, Mon. I’d like you to meet Jen.W2: Hi, Jen. It’s very nice to meet you.W: It’s nice to meet you, too. Mrs. Harris.3M: Hey, Anne. Where are you goingW: I’m going to the lib rary to study.M: For what It’s only 7:00 a.m.!W: My final exams. They’re next week.M: Wow, well, good luck!W: Thanks!4.W: Bill, it’s late. Where’s the theaterM: Hmmm… I think it’s near here.W: Are you sure What street is thisM: Uhm… I don’t know.W: Where’s the map I want to check.Optional Listening 2Paula: So, Jane, what are you doing these daysJane: I’m working in an office. And I’m studying computer science in the evening.P: You’re really busy!J: That’s for sure! And in my free time, I’m learning Spanish for my vacation. I’m planning a trip to Mexico next year.P: What about your brothers How are they doingJ: They’re doing great! Alex is helping our father in his business, and Adam is going to Pacific University.P: How nice!J: Paula, how about you How are you doing these daysP: I’m doing great, too. I’m working on a project about community safety.J: Community safetyP: Yeah. We’re planning a campaign against theft, fire ,AIDS and drugs in our community. J: Oh, that sounds interesting!P: Yes, indeed it is interesting, and it is very important to the community.Optional Listening 3Know before you go!In Bangladesh people greet their friends by shaking hands softly and then putting their hands over their heart. People in Bangladesh don’t use many gestures. Waving at people and winking are very rude. Don’t touch people on the head. Don’t point with your foot---Bangladeshi people think feet are very dirty.Indonesians greet people with a long handshake, and they bow at the same time. At a meeting, give every person your business card, but use your right hand----using your left hand is very rude in Indonesia.In Thailand, the traditional greeting is called wai----people put their hands together and bow. Men and women don’t often touch each other in public. Thai people don’t use their hand for gestures, but they love to smile a lot. They sometimes laugh when they feel nervous or embarrassed.People in the United Arab Emirates have some special gestures. When two men meet, they shake hands. Sometimes old men touch noses together. Women kiss their friends on the cheek. If a man meets a woman, he doesn’t shake hands with her. He just smiles. When you give your friend something, give it to him with your right hand. Don’t use your left hand. And don’t point at peopole with your finger. Use your hand to gesture towards them.Optional Listening4World greetingsIn Brazil men often shake hands when they meet for the first time. When women meet, they kiss each other on the cheek. Women also kiss male friends to say hello. When you shake hands, look at the person in the eyes. This shows interest and friendliness.In New Zealand, usually, both men and women shake hands when they meet someone for the first time. Fun fact: If you see two people pressing their noses together, they are probably Maori. The Maori are the native people of New Zealand. This is their traditional greeting.In Japan when people meet for the first time, they usually bow. In business, people also shake hands. In formal situations, people often exchange business cards. When you give a business card, give it with both hands. This is polite. Special note: In Japan, a smile can have different meanings. It usually means that the person is happy. or that the person thinks something is funny. But it also mean that the person is embarrassed.Keys:OL1: A. 1. waving to; 2. shaking hands; 3. crossing his fingers; 4. shruggingB. 1. wallet; 2. nervous; 3. studying for a test; theater.OL 2: B. 1. That’s for sure; 2. vacation; 3. They’re doing gre at; 4. project; 5. AIDS; 6. drugs.OL 4: B 1. shake hands; 2. Japan, bow; 3. Maori; 4. Brazil, kiss(each other on the cheek);5. in the eyes;6. Japan, embarrassed.OL 5: 1. traditional; ; ; ; 5. nervous; 6. business card; 7. jump and nod; 8. for luck; 9. start laughing; 10. relax and have funUnit 3, Book 2Optional listening 1Today our lives are busier than they were 10 or 20 years ago. For some people, this is a problem. They think we should slow down and enjoy life. The Slow Food movement was started to celebrate and support the local food traditions of the worlds. Its members don’t like fast food or instant foods because they think those foods are unhealthy.The Slow Food movement started in Europe, but now it is an international movement. There are m ore than 65,000 members in 45 countries. The Slow Food movement’s members think we need to slow down and appreciate delicious traditional foods. They also believe in protecting the environment. In addition, they believe in supporting local farmers and their products.Optional Listening 2Adam: I’m about 20 pounds overweight. I went on a diet. There’s only one problem: I just love buttery foods. Everyone says that I should eat less butter. It’s hard.Janet: I lived in Thailand for six months. It was really f un. I really like Thai food! It’s too spicy for some people, but not for me. I love the peppers. I came home a month ago. The food here tastes so bland--- I don’t like it anymore.Abby: My mother says that I have a “sweet tooth.” That means I like to eat s weet foods. Dessert is my favorite part of any meal. I like anything with chocolate in it!Minh: I’m training for a swimming competition. I have to eat healthy foods all the time. At first I didn’t like it, but now I do. I actually prefer healthy foods to sweet or buttery foods. And I feel better, too!Optional Listening 3Hot, hotter, hottest! Surprising facts about chile peppers.1. Chile peppers are one of the oldest food crops in the world. Farmers grew the first chile peppers more than 9,000 years ago.2. The first chile peppers probably grew in Bolivia. From there, the plant spread through South America and the Caribbean. Christopher Columbus brought the first chile peppers to Europe.3. The heat in the chile comes from a chemical called capsaicin. Capsaicin has no smellor flavor, but it mikes your mouth fee “hot.”4. Scientists believe that chile peppers are a very healthy food because they are rich invitamins. Research shows that chiles do not damage the stomach, and Indian scientists discovered that eating chiles can help people lose weight.5. Indian food is well-known for using lots of chile peppers, but Thai food spicier. Theaverage person in Thailand eats five grams of chile pepper everyday---the most in the world.6. The Aztec Indians of Mexico loved chile peppers so much that they gave them to theirking as a gift.7. The hottest chile pepper in the world is the habanero. It is bright orange and grows inthe Caribbean.8. There are chile sauce factories on every continent except Antarctica.Optional Listening 4In many countries of the world, people are living longer than before. People havehealthier lifestyles, and healthcare is better, too.Okinawa is an island off the coast of Japan. The people on Okinawa, the Okinawans, may have the longest lives and healthiest lifestyles in the world.Researchers did a study. They started their study by looking at city and town birthrecords from 1879. They didn’t expect to find many centenarians in the records. They were very surprised to find so many old and healthy people living in Okinawa. TheUnited States, for example, has 10 centenarians per 100,1000 people. In Okinawa there are 34 centenarians per 100,100 people!What is the Okinawans’ secret First, they eat a healthy diet. They eat many fresh fruit s and vegetables. They also eat fish often and drink a lot of water and green tea. Butresearchers think that the Okinawans have other healthy habits as well. They don’t do hard exercise such as weightlifting or jogging--- instead, they prefer relaxing activitieslike gardening and walking. Researchers say that older Okinawans also have a goodattitude about aging. They sit quietly and relax their minds with deep breathingexercised. They also enjoy massage.Keys:OL1: A. We should support and celebrate local food tradition; B. 1. fast; ; 3. farmers; 4.Europe; 5. members.OL2: A. Adam: buttery; Janet: spicy; Abby: sweet; Minh: healthy.OL3: A. F T F F T F; B Capsacin is a chemical in the chile that produces heat and makesyour mouth feel hot. It has no flavor or smell. Habanero is the hottest chile pepper inthe world. It it bright orange and grows in the Caribbean.OL4: A. What they eat: fresh fruits and vegetables, fish; What they drink: water, green tea; How they exercise: gardening, walking How they relax: deep breathing exercises,massage.OL5: 1. contest; 2. tomatoes; 3. adding; 4. spicier; 5. comes off; 6. gets covered with; 7.judging starts; 8. tastes the other dishes; 9. has ever tasted; 10. win the test.Unit 4, Book 2Optional Listening 11.Interviewer (Int): Hi, what’s your nameGio: Gio.Int: Hi, Gio, Where are you fromG: Milan, Italy.I: Welcome to New York, them!G: Thank you.I: Where are your clothes fromG: My brother. I’m always borrowing clothes.I: How would you describe your styleG: Casual, I guess. I’m not very innovative. I just wear the same thing all the time.2.I: Hi, there.Elena: Hi,I: Who are youE: I’m Elena.I: And where are you fromE: I’m from right here in New York.I: A hometown girl. And your clothes are from…E: A store in my neighborhood. There was a sale.I: Great! How would you describe your personal styleE: Retro. It’s fashionable now.I: It looks old-fashionable now. ….in a good way, of course.3.I: Good evening. What is your nameV: Vicki.I: You look beautiful.V: Thank youI: That dress is very stylish.V: My mother gave it to me. It was tailor-made!I: Wonderful. Where are you from, Vicki!V: I’m from Hong Kong.I: How would you describe your personal sense of styleV: Classic, I suppose. I like to dress up.Optional Listening 21A: I’m new in town and I’d like to make some friends. What should I doB: You ought to join a sports club.A: But I don’t like sports.B: You could look for friends on the Internet.2A: I don’t know what to wear to the part y tonight. What should I wearB: You could wear your new jeans or your black pants.A: It’s a formal dress party.B: Oh, then you shouldn’t wear pants after all. You definitely ought to wear a dress.3A: I still don’t understand this grammar. What should I doB: You had better get some help or you will fail the test. It’s on Thursday.A: Maybe I could take the test on Friday. That would give me extra time.B: Well, you had better not delay. There’s not much time!Optional Listening 3A--A sense of style1. I’m a salesclerk in a woman’s clothing store. My boss is great, but she has a very strict dress code. We have to wear long skirts, black shoes, no jewelry, and on and on. It’s really boring, so I’m planning to dye my hair red. What do you think2. I love my girlfriend, but she complains a lot about my clothes. She doesn’t want to go anywhere with me because I always wear old jeans and a T-shirt. I don’t care about looking like a fashion magazine. I just want to be comfortable! What’s your adviceB1. I’m a salesclerk in a woman’s clothing store. My boss is great, but she has a very strict dress code. We have to wear long skirts, black shoes, no jewelry, and on and on. It’s really boring, so I’m planning to dye my hair red. What do you thinkExpert’s opinio n: Sorry, but I have to side with your employer. A business wants to have a particular look, so they tell you what to wear. If you want to show off your individual style, you had better do it in your free time.2. I love my girlfriend, but she complains a lot about my clothes. She doesn’t want to go anywhere with me because I always wear old jeans and a T-shirt. I don’t care about looking like a fashion magazine. I just want to be comfortable! What’s your adviceExpert’s opinion: I think you ought to have a serious talk with your girlfriend and explain how you feel. We all have our own style and taste. In my opinion, she thinks too much about appearances.Optional Listening 4Today I started my new part-time job as a trendspotter. I was nervous and didn’tkn ow what to expect. Well, guess what It was a lot of fun! I’m telling all my friends, “You should think about becoming a trendspotter, too”On Saturday morning, we had to report to a recording studio by 10 a.m. The “Trends Coordinator,” Mandy, explained the schedule. Then she gave us a tour. That was really cool!Next we sat around a big table in a room. They gave each person three cards. One card said “Yes—All the way!” Another said, “It’s OK.” The third one said, “No way!” We listened to about 10 different songs. After each song we had to hold up a card. They played some hip hop, rock, heavy metal; and dance music. The heavy metal was “No way” for me.Do you know the rock group called “Gifted” They’re really popular right now. Well, they have a new CD coming out. We saw six different CD covers. (I guess they are trying to choose one.) This time, we didn’t have cards. Instead, we just talked about the covers we liked. Mandy asked us questions, “Which ones do you like” “Why do you like them” “Would you buy a CD with this cover”We finished at 12:30. We will meet again next week at a boutique downtown. We will look at some new fashions. Each week we go to a different location. Oh yes, we also received a free CD for our tour. This “job” doesn’t pay, but we get a free stuff! That’s all for now!KeysOL1:A Elena: New York Vicki: Hong KongB. Gio: brother/usual Elena: store in neighborhood /retro, old-fashioned Vicki: mother, classicOL2：A. f c b B. 1. You could look for friends on the internet.2. You sh ouldn’t wear pants. You definitely ought to wear a dress.3. You had better get some help or you will fail the test. You had better not delay taking the test.OL3 A. b a B. Sorry, but I have to side with, want to show off, in your free time. have a serious talk, style and taste, too much about appearance.OL4 B. 1. She was nervous and didn’t what to do. 2. She had to report to a recording studio by 10 a.m. 3. They had to decide which song was “OK”, and which one was “No way”. 4. They just talked about the covers they liked. 5. They are going to look at some new fashions.C.1. doesn’t pay, Not a good salary 2. week, Not month 3. six CD covers, not one CD cover 4. a “ No way” card, Not an “It’s OK ” cardOL5: 1. jogging; and more; 3. disagrees; 4. increase; 5. gets tired; to rest; 7. had better; 8. get some ice cream; 9. of all athletes; a workout.Unit 5, Book 2Optional Listening 1Mike: …So, we can look forward to warmer temperature. It’ll be a good weekend for the beach. Over to you, Alexa.Alexa: Thank you for that weather report, Mike. And finally, this story just in. … We have a report that a local man, Nick Brown, saw some strange lights. He was driving home at about 10 . He said the lights were bright and they moved across the sky. He stopped at a gas station and talked to a police officer about the lights. The police officer had seen the lights, too.M: Hmmm, … that’s strange story. What happened nextA: Well, Mr. Brown took some pictures, but there was no film in his camera. Finally, he called his wife on his cell phone. But by that time, the lights were gone.M: Well, I know that there is a legend around here about mysterious lights … a lot of local people have seen the lights. It’s starting to seem like those lights really ex ist.. What do you think, AlexaA: I don’t believe it. I think it’s some kind of hoax!Optional Listening 2It was raining heavily. I couldn’t see clearly. I drove slowly. Suddenly, I saw a young girl. She was dressed neatly and standing in the middle of the road. I was surprised! Somehow, I stopped the car quickly. “What are you doing” I asked. She looked at me strangely but didn’t answer. “Are you OK” I asked. “I’m fine,” she answered. Then she smiled happily and walked away quietly. Nervously, I drove to my hotel and checked in. I told the clerk about the little girl. “Do you know her” I asked. “Oh yes,” he said calmly. “That’s Mary Anne. She died five years ago on that road. It was a car accident during a rainstorm.”Optional Listening 3A. The Tunguska mysteryIt was early morning, June 30, 1908, in eastern Russia. Suddenly, a terrible explosion rocked the forest in Tunguska. People fell to the ground, and all the trees for 2000 square kilometers were down. People heard the explosion 800 kilometers away, and the fire burned for many weeks.B. What caused this terrible explosion A century later, scientists are still trying to find the answer. Here are some possible explanations.1. An asteroid: Asteroids are very large pieces of rock that goes around in space and sometimes hit the planet. They can cause lots of damage. Some of them weigh as much as 100,00 tons. If an asteroid hit the earth, it would cause a huge explosion.2. A comet: Comets are giant balls of gas, ice., and rock with long tails. They travel through space in a regular pattern. Encke’s Comet was near Earth in1908, and it’s possible that a part of it broke off and hit the earth.3. An UFO accident: Some people believe that a spaceship crashed into the ground in Siberia and its engine exploded.4. An extraterrestrials might have wanted to destroy the earth, so they aimed their weapons at Earth and set fire to the forest.5. A scientific experiment: Another idea is that scientists made a mistake during an experiment with electricity. A man named N ikola Tesla tried to build a “supergun” that used electricity. Maybe it was a test of his gun and it didn’t work correctly. Optional Listening 4Q. Where is Marfa and what exactly is it famous forA. Marfa is a small town in west Texas in the United States. It’s famous for the “Marfa mystery lights”Q. What are the mystery lights exactlyA. No one knows for sure. There are many different ideas about that.Q. Can you describe themA. That’s a difficult question. Different people see different lights. They ar e not always the same. I can say that they appear after sunset in the sky. They dance mysteriously in air and vanish. Then they suddenly reappear.Q. Some people say they are car headlights. Do you think soA. No. I don’t. A man first saw the mystery light s over 100 years ago. The man was Robert Ellison and the year was 1883. Of course we didn’t have cars in 1883.Q. What do you think causes the lightsA. There are many theories. The Native Americans thought the lights were stars falling to Earth. Some people think uranium gas causes the lights. Other people suggest that ball lightning does it. Ball lightning is lightning in the shape of circle. It often appears just after a rainstorm.Q What are some of the weirdest ideas about the lightsA. Well, some peop le call them “ghost lights”. They think ghosts do it. That’s the strangest idea. Some say they are UFOs. I don’t think so.Q. What do the experts sayA. They can’t figure it out. Some engineers even came from Japan one time. They studied the lights, but co uldn’t solve the mystery.Q. Are the local people scaredA. No, actually, they aren’t. They like the lights. And every year in early September there is a big town festival to celebrate the mystery lights.KeysOL1: A. 从左至右：4-5-1-2-3 B. Nick Brown, police officer, local peopleOL 2:A. 1. A young girl standing in the middle of the road; 2. Because it was raining heavily3. He stopped the car quickly;4. She said “I’m fine.” and walked away quietly.5. He said the girl was Mary Anne and was killed in a car accident five years ago.B. heavily; clearly; slowly; neatly; quickly; strangely; happily; quietly; Nervously; calmly;OL3A. 1. A terrible explosion; 2. In eastern Russian; 3. June 30, 1968.B. (first row) 4, 1, 3 (second row) 5, 2C. 1. a part of it broke off 2. lots of damage 3. its engine exploded 4. used electricity 5. set fire to the forestOL 4A. 2. a 3. h 4. d 5. g 6. e 7. b 8. cB. 1. different people see different lights 2. Robert Ellison saw the lights in 1883.3. The Native Americans thought the light were stars failing to the Earth4. A team from Japan studied the lights, but couldn’t solve the mystery.OL 5 1. solve; 2. it’s very likely; 3. stole; 4. apartment; 5. showing; 6. has an alibi; 7. it isn’t true; 8. walks in; 9. take out; 10. thief.Unit 6, Book 2Optional Listening 1Conversation 1Woman: Morning, Simon. Wow, you look tired.Man: Oh, I didn’t sleep very well last night. I had a weird dream. I was in a classroom at school, but I didn’t have any clothes on. No o ne looked at me, but I was really embarrassed.Conversation 2Woman: Jesse, Jesse, Wake up. You’re having a nightmare.Male child: Oh, what a terrible dream. I dreamed I was on a dark street. Suddenly, there was a large dog behind me. It ran toward me, but I couldn’t move.Woman: Don’t worry, Jesse. It was only a dream. Go back to sleep.Conversation 3Man1: Morning Tim.Man2: Morning. Hey, I had an amazing dream last night. I was on a beautiful boat. The sun was warm and the ocean was really blue. I jumped into the water, and I began to swam with the fish. The thing is, I can’t swim. But in the dream, I could. It was pretty cool.Optional Listening 2I had an amazing dream last night. I was standing outside of an strange big house. The house was painted pink, a very rare color for a house. It had a lot of big windows, either round or rectangular. The house had large square pillars and twisted columns. I was thinking there must be a big living room, several bedrooms, a kitchen, and a guest room in such a big house. I was wondering whose house this was when I suddenly heard a voice from somewhere: “My lord, welcome home.” Wow, this was my dream house.I went inside and walked into my living room. It was spacious. There were sofas, a table, a big-screen TV, and a stereo system. It was pretty cool. All my best friends were there, too. But somehow they didn’t speak, didn’t smile, and didn’t even move. And then suddenly they all disappeared. I was scared. What a terrible dream.I then went to the kitchen. It was also spacious. There were all kinds of kitchen equipment, including a gas stove, a refrigerator, and an oven. There also many。
DDB分布式数据库系统 第三讲 Ddb-L3 design
the distribution of DDBMS software distribution of applications
We concentrate on distribution of data.
The distribution of DDBMS and applications are given a
priority.
Dimensions of the Problem
Access pattern behavior
Static Data Data + Program Level of knowledge Partial Information Dynamic Complete Information
Correctness Criteria
Completeness -no loss of data.
Decomposition of relation R into fragments R1, R2, …, Rn
is complete if and only if each data item in R can also be found in some Ri .
How much to fragment
Too little -too much of irrelevant data access. Too much -too much processing cost. Need to find suitable level of fragmentation.
Level of sharing
Design Approaches
Top-Down
Design systems from scratch Homogeneous systems
E- Chapter 3
2
S
S
S
S
R
ωr
θ0 θ4
R
ωr
θ1
R
ωr
θ2
R
ωr
θ3
(a)
L
Phase winding inductance
Rotor pole pitch
La
Lu
θ0
Td
θ1
θ2
θ3
(b)
θ4
Rotor position
θr
Generated torque
θ2
θ0
θ3
θ4
(c)
θ1
θr
Fig. 3.2. Torque generation mechanism of an SRM: (a) definition of rotor angles; (b) ideal phase inductance profile; (c) phase generating torque for a constant current.
第三章 切換式磁阻馬達驅動系統簡介
Chapter 3: Introduction to Switched-Reluctance Motor Drive
3.1 Introduction
The concept of switched-reluctance motor (SRM) [1-8] was first proposed in 1838. However, due to lack of suitable power device and switching technique, the SRM was not been fully implemented and wildly used. After the middle of 1960’s, the progress made in motor design, power electronics and control techniques makes the performance of an SRM drive be increasingly improved. And thus its ability in high-performance application occasions is increased. Although the SRM is rigid in structure and ease of switching excitation control, its driving performance depends significantly on the match between motor and converter. In this chapter an overview of SRM’s structure and its driving control are first given. Then, some typical converter circuits are introduced. It is known that the dynamic model of a motor drive is indispensable for performing controller analysis and design. Thus finally, the dynamic model derivation and estimation of an SRM drive are made.
03_3D 连接隧道
在三维模型中，使用板单元模拟连续的墙体和喷混，使用植入式桁架这 种线单元模拟锚杆。植入式桁架单元、桁架单元均只能承受轴力。但是，植 入式桁架单元相对桁架单元差别在于，不需要与岩土单元节点耦合，且位置 必须在岩土内部。因此，植入式桁架主要用于模拟三维模型中的土钉、锚杆、 锚索等。
各岩土材料的属性如下表。
5.0E+05 0.30 23 0.7
23 0.5 排水
20 33
风化土 各向同性 莫尔-库伦
5.0E+04 0.30 18 0.5
18 0.5 排水
20 30
▶定义岩土材料-一般
▶▶定义岩土材 料-渗透 性
▶▶▶定义岩土材料-非 线性
4 | Chapter 3. 三维连接隧道施工阶段分析
[单位 : kN, m]
Basic Tutorials
▶连接隧道建模
三维连接隧道施工阶段分析
1 学习目的及概要
1.1 学习目的
隧道分析的目的在于预先判断隧道施工时围岩的变形，以及考察支护的 稳定性及对周边建筑物的影响。根据情况可以进行二维分析或三维分析。在 二维分析情况下，则必须寻求考虑隧道开挖引起的三维地层变形的方法。某 些情况下很难通过二维分析模拟（例如，主隧道、连接隧道及竖井相连接的 地层变形行为，这显然应考虑空间效应），应当采取三维模型来分析。
[单位 : kN, m]
名称 种类 材料
软岩 3D 软岩
风化岩 3D
风化岩
风化土 3D
风化土
Chapter 3. 三维连接隧道施工阶段分析|5
Basic Tutorials ▶定义岩土属性
▶结构属性
各结构构件的属性如下表。若定义了截面形状，则程序自动计算截面刚 度。
新视野大学英语3bankedcloze全文翻译
1单元Where there is a will, there is a way. This proverb means that if you are really determined to do something, however difficult it might be, you will (1) eventually （最后）find away to do it well. The (2) premier point is that you must have the will to achievesuccess.有志者事竟成。
这句谚语的意思是，如果你真的下定决心去做某件事，不管它有多困难，你最终会找到办法把它做好。
首要的一点是，你必须有意愿取得成功。
Ninety percent of the failures that occur are due to the fact that there is no strongwill involved. Many people simply say that they want something, but they do not make any (3) endeavor to achieve it. So, instead of getting it, they use the poorest excuseto explain the situation away.百分之九十的失败都是因为没有强大的意志。
许多人只是简单地说他们想要一些东西，但他们并没有努力去实现它。
所以，他们没有得到它，而是用最糟糕的借口来解释情况。
On many occasions, people tend to (4) bypass (绕过) every minute obstacle,making the objective impossible to attain. In reality, if they have the will- to succeed,they can get rid of the(5)handicaps and achieve their goals.在许多情况下，人们往往（4）绕过（绕过）每一分钟的障碍，使目标无法实现。
xl-DCDC3
t
iLf
Io
ILfmin
ILfmax
t
iQ
ILfmin
t
ILfmax
iD
ILfmin
t
0 Ton
Toff
Ts
D=Vo/Vin=0.16
Toff=(1-D)Ts=8.4us ΔiLf = Vo • Toff Lf = 8.4 A I Q max=I D max=I Lf max
= 10 + 8.4 = 14.2A 2
5 隔离式DC/DC变换器
5.1 隔离直接变换器
（1）电路拓扑的推导 （2）磁化电感的储能释放
¾单端正激变换器的工作原理 ¾单端正激变换器的参数关系 ¾RCD缓冲电路 ¾有源钳位正激变换器原理
5 隔离式DC/DC变换器
5.1 隔离直接变换器
（1）电路拓扑的推导 （2）磁化电感的储能释放
¾单端正激变换器的工作原理 ¾单端正激变换器的参数关系 ¾RCD缓冲电路 ¾有源钳位正激变换器原理
+* *
Vin
Q1
Reset Circuit
vp _
D2 Cf
D1
Lf
RLd
Vin
Reset Circuit
+* vp
*
_
D2 Cf
Q1
单端正激变换器
V2 = Dn V1
（2）磁化电感的储能释放
单端正激变换器存在磁化能量的复位问题
附加绕组 有源钳位 RCD
5 隔离式DC/DC变换器
5.1 隔离直接变换器
t4
t5 t6
t7
Operation Principle: [t3 , t4]
Q1
Qc