英语句子成分和句子类型讲义

英语句子成分和句子类型讲义
英语句子成分和句子类型讲义

英语句子成分和英语句子结构

句子成分分析:(6种:主谓宾定状补)

1、主语(Subject):动作的发出者,可由名词、代词、不定式(to do)、或动名词(V-ing)等来充当,通常置于句首。

The sun rises in the east.

2、谓语(Predicate): 只有动词或动词短语才能充当,置于主语之后说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English.

3、宾语:动作的承受者

1)动宾位于谓语动词(vt)之后

I like China. (名词)

I like listening to classical music.

2)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)

He gave me a book yesterday.

Give the poor man some money.

4、定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

Marry is an English teacher.(名词)

Dalian is a beautiful city. (形容词)

5、状语。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。

He goes to school by bike.

6、补语

宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。

We will make them happy. (形容词)

7、表语(Predicative)系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. (名词)

Five and five is ten. (数词)

He is asleep.(形容词)

The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)

The cleaner's job is to clean the street.(不定式)

(常见的系动词有be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste (尝、吃起来), feel(感觉)...

It sounds a good idea.

The sound sounds strange.

Her voice sounds sweet.

Tom looks thin.

The food smells delicious.

The food tastes good.

句子结构

简单句的五个基本句型

主+谓(vi不及物动词) She came./ My head aches.

主+谓(vt及物动词)+宾语She likes English.

主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语She gave John a book.She bought a book for me.

主+系+表She is happy.

主+谓(vt.)+宾+宾补She makes her mother angry.

(There +be There lies a book on the desk. )

句子的种类:

陈述句/ 祈使句/ 感叹句/ 疑问句

练习:分析下列句子成分

1. Our school is far from my home.

2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you

3. All of us considered him honest.

4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.

5.He broke a piece of glass.

6. Trees turn green when spring comes.

7. They pushed the door open. 8. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 9.He wrote some letters to his friends. 10. We need a place twice larger than this one.

11. He asked us to sing an English song. 12. We will make our school more beautiful.

13. She showed us many of her pictures.

14. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany.

15. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 16. Would you please pass me the cup?

17 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 18. Do you know the latest news about him?

19. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.

翻译练习:

主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)

你应当努力学习。should hard you study

她昨天回家很晚。very went she yesterday home evening late

那天早上我们谈了很多。talked great morning we that deal a

会议将持续两个小时。will the two meeting hours last

1919年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动.The May Fourth Movement in Beijing in 1919 broke out . 每天八时开始上课。c lasses day eight at every begin

这个盒子重五公斤。this kilos box five weighs

五年前我住在北京。in Beijing lived five I ago years

主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)

1昨晚我写了一封信。wrote I a night letter last

2今天下午我想同你谈谈。want I to with this you talk afternoon.

3这本书他读过多次了。he book has many this read times.

4他们成功地完成了计划。they plan have carried out the successfully

5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。You reading must books finish these in two weeks 6那位先生能流利地说三种语言。that speak gentlemen languages can three fluently.

7我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。from received I a letter in Australia my pen friend 8 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。cannot Jim himself dress

双宾语结构(主语+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语)

1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。taught Mr Johnson us last German year

奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。told interesting an Grandma story night me last

2.Mary把钱包交给校长了。the wallet Mary handed schoolmaster to the

3.请把那本字典递给我好吗?Would please me you pass the dictionary ?

4.他把车票给列车员看。the ticket he the conductor showed to

5.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。this term have written my parents I to three letters

6.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。My father bike me a new has bought.

7.Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。Robinson Crusoe himself made a boat

8.请你给我弄一本新的,好吗?Will please get you me a new copy?

10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗?Shall call I a taxi you?

高中英语句子成分详细归纳

英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.

此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│ V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,

高中英语句子成分分析讲义+练习-3.11

句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:SV(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻

英语句子成分及基本句型全面归纳

英语句子成分及基本句型全面归纳 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:S V(主+谓) 二:S V P(主+系+表) 三:S V O(主+谓+宾) 四:S V O O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型:S V (主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│ V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。

高中英语句子成分划分详解(全)

Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: 讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:

There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before.名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解: (一)句子成分 1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 找出下列句中的主语: Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子) 2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

英语句子成分 五大句型 There be结构 及相关练习

英语句子成分五大句型There be结构及相关练习 一、句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五大基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五大基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五大基本句型形式如下: 一:SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾)四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:SV(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. Who │cares? 管它呢? 3. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 4. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 5.Two days passed. 两天过去了。 6.Winter is coming . 冬天快要来了 常见不及物动词归纳 表“来往走动”:come go arrive walk run stay 表“看、听”:look listen 表“坐立”:sit stand 表“出现”:appear disappear 表(人生)“起伏”:succeed fail die fall rise 表“发生”:happen occur 表“同意”:agree disagree 常见不及物动词词组归纳 take place 发生break out 爆发turn out 结果是;证明是 lose heart 灰心go on 继续come true 实现fall asleep睡着break down发生故障,垮掉(身体或精神)come over过来;顺便来访 drop by (顺便拜访) fall behind (落后) Come over any time,I’m always in. 请随便什么时候来坐坐,我总在家。The evening party will take place on New Year’s Eve. 晚会将在除夕那天举行。 It turns out to be a good idea. 结果证明这是个好主意。 My car broke down halfaway 我的车半路抛锚了 Work hard,or you’ll fall behind. 特别注意:S + Vi + adverbial ( 副词作状语)

高中英语语法句子成分分析 word版

一、句子成分 英语句子成分分析和句子结构分析(语法高手必备) 英语句子成分分析 (一)句子成分的定义: 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分(一般共九中成分); 主要成分有主语和谓语; 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。 (二)主语: 主语 (Subject) 是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。(但在 there b e 结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中, 主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。) 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、和主语从句等表示。例如:(请画出主语) Three plus two is five. It is a great pleasure to swim in the river Smoking does harm to the health. There are many students in my class. Are you a student? Here comes the bus. He can do it and so can I. Who will attend the meeting has not been decided. (主语从句) (三)谓语谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语 之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如: He practices running every morning. The plane took o ff at ten o ’clock. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如: You may k eep the book for two weeks. He has c aught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are s tudents. 谓语 体现时态和语态?时态 (与非谓语比较) 语态 现在时: 一般现在时: 现在进行时: 现在完成时: Is /am/are+---或does/do Is/am/are+doing Has/have +done Has/have+been+doing Is/am/are+ I s /a m /a r e +b e i n g + Has/have+been+

句子成分结构讲义

1. 按照结构划分,句子种类可分为简单句、并列句和复杂句。 ?简单句(Simple Sentence): 由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。如: ①You cannot make a crab walk straight. ②Japanese people are experiencing and suffering from phantom quakes as well as other symptoms of “earthquake sickness.” ?并列句(Compound Sentence): 由and,but,so,or,for等并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句,构成并列句。 如: ①Take care of your field, and your field will take care of you. ②China has been slow to adopt auto recall procedures similar to those in the West, but new regulations are in the works. ③A fifth-grader in YuShu wants to become an architect and designer, so she can build fine houses in her hometown. ④Some people pay too much attention to making money, for they believe money makes the mare go. ⑤Don’t make yourself a mouse, or the cat will eat you. ?复合句(Complex Sentence): 一个主句和一个(或多个)由从属连词引导的从句,构成复合句。根据从句在主句中所起的作用,从句可以分为状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句(包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)。 ①What is done by night appears by day. (主语从句) ②Duty is what one expects from others. (表语从句) ③A straw shows which way the wind blows. (宾语从句) ④To be angry with a weak man is a proof that you are not very strong yourself. (同位语从句) ⑤One must drink as one brews. (状语从句) ⑥The landscape belongs to the man who looks at it. (定语从句) ?并列复合句(Compound Complex Sentence): 并列句中又内含从句的句子。如: It started with an earthquake that led to a tsunami and one of the worst nuclear power disasters in history happened. 2. 按照功能划分,句子种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 ?陈述句(Declarative Sentence或Statement):] 用来陈述事实。如: ①All men are poets at heart. ②Might is right. ?疑问句(Interrogative Sentence或Question):

英语句子成分及基本句型

英语句子成分及基本句型 句子成分 A. 主语(Subject)主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外,主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或 “什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语(Predicate)谓语表示主语的动作或状态,分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成;复合 谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C. 表语(Predicative)在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. D. 宾语(Object)宾语是动作行为的对象,说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语(Direct Object)和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语(Object Complement)是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret. F.定语(Attribute)定语修饰名词或代词。 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known Betty’ssister? There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home. G.状语(Adverbial)用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school. 讲出划线部分的句子成分: 1.Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable. 2.I have a lot to say on this matter. 3.Please give me some advice. 4.She is quite all right now. 5. A lonely person is always alone. 6. A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.

高中英语语法专题:五大句型-划分句子成分练习

一、划分句子成分练习: 1 Class begins. 2 The poor man died. 3 The red sun is rising. 4 My father bought me a computer. 5 Mr Lin gave us an encouraging talk. 6 Your story sounds interesting. 7 His face turned red. 8 They kept the door green. 9 He had me standing all the morning. 10 The student has known the answer. 11 He doesn’t know them. 12 The plane has landed. 13 You can take part. 14 She will make new friends. 15 Everyone in the team exchanged numbers. 16 Our school will hold a sports meeting. 17 The cake tastes sweet. 18 She was a little anxious. 19 All of them were amazed.

20 You had better buy your friend a gift. 21 You can offer me some information. 22 He found the homework easy. 23 We all hear him read English aloud every morning. 二、划分句子成分练习:(选择题) 1.The sun rises. 2.They worked yesterday. 3.My sister is playing. 4.The dinosaur has died out. 5.It is an insect. 6.The food smells good. 7.The boy looks frightened. 8.The woman felt embarrassed. 9.His face turns red. 10.They visited our campus. 11.The scientists explored this mountain. 12.We will have a debate.

英语句子成分讲解(详细)

英语句子成分讲解 一、定义 1.词类: 名词(n.):表示人或事物的名称。名词分为专有名词和普通名词;普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词;可数名词分为个体名词和集合名词;不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。 动词(v.):表示动作或状态等。动词根据其后是否可直接跟宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(可直接跟宾语)、不及物动词(不能直接跟宾语,若要跟宾语,必须加上某个介词)。 形容词(adj.):用来修饰名词或代词。形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏,与否。形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing结尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后。 副词(adv.):用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词,是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。 介词(prep.):用在名词、代词等前面,表示与别的词的关系。介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般跟名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。介词分为:地点(位置、范围)介词、方向(目标趋向)介词、时间介词、方式介词、涉及介词、其他介词。 连词(conj.):用来连接词与词或句与句。连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。从属连词用来引导名词性从句和状语从句。 冠词(art.):用在名词前帮助说明其词义。冠词是位于名词或名词词组之前或之后,在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用的词。冠词是一种虚词,分为定冠词the和不定冠词a、an。 代词(pron.):用来代替名词或数词等。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。 数词(num.):用来表示数量或顺序。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词,序数词表示排列的顺序。 感叹词(int.):表示说话时的感情或口气。 2.句子成分: 主语:主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,主语一般由名词、代词、名词化了的动词、形容词、分词、副词或数词等、动词不定式或不定式短语、从句、某些固定词组等来充当。 谓语:谓语在句子中说明主语的动作,具有的特征或所处的状态。一般放在主语之后。谓语是由简单动词或动词短语(助动词/情态动词+主要动词)构成。 宾语:宾语是指一个动作的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类,其中直接宾语指该动作的直接对象,间接宾语说明动作是非直接的,但也是受该动作影响的对象。一般而言,及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语,而该宾语通常为直接宾语,有些及物动词要求两个宾语,则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语,另一个为间接宾语。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来充当。 表语:表语是说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的词或从句,它常位于系动词(be、become、appear、seem、look、sound、feel、get、smell等词)之后。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、从句等来充当。

高中英语语法 英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案

句子结构及成分 ①相关概念 1.词性的英文缩写 在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。 缩写字母原词代表词性 n. noun 名词 v. verb 动词 vt.transitive verb 及物动词 vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词 aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词 adj.adjective 形容词 adv.adverb 副词 num. numeral 数词 interj. interjection 感叹词 pron. pronoun 代词 prep.preposition 介词 art. article 冠词 conj conjunction 连词 2.及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。 The door opened. (open后面没跟宾语,此时,open是不及物动词。) He opened the door. (open后面有宾语the door, 此时,open是及物动词。) 注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。 有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义相同。如:The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> 有(答疑qq 329950885)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,但词义不同。如: The man walked away. (walk不及物动词,意为“走”) He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词,“遛”) She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词,“洗”) The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词,“耐洗”) 英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物,可能与汉语不同。He listens to the music every day. (listen为不及物动词,而汉语中“听”是及物动词。) 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,及物动词填vt.,不及物填vi.。 考点1.Most birds can fly.() 考点2.The children are flying kites in the park. ( ) 考点3.It happened yesterday.() 考点4.My watch stopped.() 考点5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( ) 考点6.She spoke at the meeting this morning. ()考点7.Shall I begin at once?() 考点8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.()() 考点9.When did they leave Beijing?() 考点10.They left last week. () 3.实义动词、助动词与情态动词 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。 实义动词 指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。 如:

八年级英语上册语法句子成分和简单句五大基本句型讲义(新版)人教新目标版

**********精心制作仅供参考鼎尚出品********* 鼎尚图文句子成分和简单句的五大基本句型 一、选择填空 ()1.up too late at night is bad for your health. A.Stay B.Staying C.Stays D.Stayed ()2.Singing English songs us more_ in learning English. A.make;interested B.makes;interesting C.makes;interested D.make;interesting ()3.important for us to have healthy eating habits.A.It’s B.That’s C.W e’r e D.It ()4.is necessary for us a glass of milk every day.A.It;drinking B.This;to drink C.It;to drink D.That;to drink 5. My mother often (enjoy) the TV plays in the evening. 6. Going to Hawaii (sound) great. 7. Mr Zhang (teach) us English three years ago. 8. Now parents are (花费)more and more money on their children’s education. 9. —Would you like some bananas? —No,thanks.I _(eat)one already. 10. English (speak) by many people in the world.二、翻译句子并判断属于简单句五大句型的哪 一类。 11.你应当努力学习。 12.布朗夫人看起来很健康。 13.她的工作是照看儿童。

英语句子成分划分

英语句子成分划分 英语句子成分划分英语句子成分划分grammar of unit 1 different parts of a sentence 概念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的.组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分.句子的成分包括:主语,谓语,表语,宾语(直接和间接宾语) ,宾语补足语,定语和状语.主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语) ,表语,宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分.其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分. ▲句子成分分类句子成分分类1.主语主语主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的是什么或是谁 .一般由名词,代词,不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象.大多数主语都在句首.如: 讲述谁we work in a big factory. 讲述什么the classroom is very big. 数词作主语three are enough. 不定式作主语to operate on the blind is one of the orbis doctor's job. 从句作主语what we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. 三个人就够了▲在there be 句型中,主语的位置在中间.如: there are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it 作形式主语.如: it is very interesting to play the game called treat or trick . it took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 . 谓语时用来说明主语做什么是什么或怎么样, ,谓语必须是动词,谓语

英语句子成分教案

统一教育学科教师个性化授课教案 讲义编号: J H R 教务主任审核签字 学员编号:年级:课时数: 学生姓名:辅导科目:英语学科教师:姜红日 课题:英语句子成分 授课日期及时段: 教学目的让学生完全掌握英语句子的成分问题,使学生能够更好的理解句 子结构 知识点 1.句子成分的划分 2.句子的主要成分 3.句子的次要成分 4.作各个成分相应的词性 重点 1.句子的主要成分 2.谓语 3.状语 4.定语分为前置定语和后置定语

难点 1.句子的主要成分 2.状语的识别 3.定语的识别 4.宾语补足语 考点 1.划分句子结构 2.识别句子的主要成分 3.能够准确的翻译句子 技能提升通过本课的学习,使学生能够清楚的划分出句子的主要成分及次要成分,并能够清楚的理解句子结构 教学效果自评及课后反思

教学进程和教学内容 (一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分:主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 (二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当. 例如: During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词) The students all love their English teacher. We often speak English in class.(代词) They go to school by bus. One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) To see is to believe. Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词) Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. It’s no use regretting it. The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式) (三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。注意动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语,不能作谓语。 一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当。 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 1、可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态),行为动词根据其

相关文档
最新文档