以太网交换机
H3C以太网交换机异常重启原因的排查方法
H3C以太网交换机异常重启原因的排查方法一、组网：无二、问题描述：某客户H3C5500以太网交换机在使用中突然异常重启，导致业务中断。
三、过程分析：通过收集设备重启之后的诊断信息，查看下面的命令来判断设备上次异常重启的原因。
===============================================================================_diplaydrvlot1ymboot===============================================================================w_reet:0(1-reetwitchbyreboot)wdt_reet:0(1-reetwitchbywatchdog)power_up:0(0-reetwitchbypowerdown/up)对比绿色（字段值)和红色（标准值）的取值，如果两值相同，则即为该种类型的重启。
其中设备标准值的说明如下：1.w_reet和wdt_reet字段取值为1，一般表示上次重启与软件相关，其中包含命令行输入reboot命令，也包括软件检测到有任务异常后在后台reboot交换机。
如果现场设备出现了重启，并且不存在人为输入reboot命令的现象，建议咨询H3C厂商5500设备重启的具体原因；2.power_up字段取值为0，一般表示上次重启与硬件相关，触发条件一般是非软件因素：设备供电中断、设备电源或其它硬件故障导致的自动重启，可以建议客户排除设备的供电系统是否存在问题。
四、解决方法：根据现场收集的诊断信息查看_diplaydrvlot1ymboot命令（同上），发现设备异常重启的原因和软件无关。
经过客户现场排查，发现设备电源模块出现故障，更换后问题解决。
特别说明：此命令不适用于H3C5500HI设备。
4.以太网及交换机的工作原理
局域网标准( ):IEEE802标准集 局域网标准( 续):IEEE802标准集
•IEEE802.1------局域网体系结构、寻址、网络互连与网络管理 •IEEE802.2-------逻辑链路控制(LLC)子层的功能与服务 •IEEE802.3-------以太网 CSMA/CD访问控制方法和物理层技术规范 •IEEE802.4-------令牌总线网 Token-Bus •IEEE802.5-------令牌环网 Token-Ring •IEEE802.6-------城域网 •IEEE802.7-------宽带局域网 •IEEE802.8-------光纤技术 FDDI •IEEE802.9-------综合数据话音网络 •IEEE802.10------网络安全与保密 •IEEE802.11------无线局域网 •IEEE802.12------需求优先 •IEEE802.13 ------(未使用) •IEEE802.14 ------电缆调制解调器 •IEEE802.15 ------无线个人网 •IEEE802.16 ------宽带无线接入 •IEEE802.17 ------可靠个人接入技术
交换机的工作原理 mac地址表的形成过程 mac地址表的形成过程 数据帧的转发/ 数据帧的转发/过滤
地址学习
MAC地址表 地址表 初始的MAC地 初始的MAC地 址表为空 E0: E1: E2: E3:
主机A： 主机 ： 00-D0-F8-00-11-11
E0
E1
主机B： 主机 ： 00-D0-F8-00-22-22
EPS6028E_工业以太网交换机宣传彩页
EPS6028E 24FE+4GE电力专用工业以太网交换机产品概述EPS6028E电力专用工业以太网交换机是面向智能变电站应用而开发的高性能、高可靠和高安全的工业级网络交换设备。
它充分考虑了变电站的严酷工作环境和网络通信需求，采用了电信级以太网、硬件时间戳、QOS、智能内容识别等先进技术，使得智能变电站通信系统更加可靠，有效地抵御DOS攻击，保证GOOSE 报文优先转发，实现网络精确同步时间传输。
特点与优势⏹具备先进的网络交换性能，实现低延时、全线速交换和零丢包⏹采用模块化设计,光电接口自由选择，最多可支持24FE+4GE⏹支持自愈时间小于50毫秒的RFC3619 EAPS电信级以太网自愈协议，支持生成树和快速生成树算法⏹具有完善的QOS保证机制，保证GOOSE报文优先转发⏹支持IGMP SNOOPING和静态多播报文过滤⏹支持基于端口、MAC地址和IP地址的VLAN⏹支持端口汇聚、统计和镜像⏹先进的智能内容识别技术，保证GOOSE报文优先转发⏹支持端口速率限制和广播风暴抑制⏹具备先进的DOS攻击防御能力，支持多级用户管理、IEEE802.1X认证和端口MAC地址绑定⏹支持IEEE 1588 V2 END-TO-END 和 PEER-TO-PEER,实现精确网络时间传递⏹完善的网络管理方式,包括：CLI、Telnet、Web和综合网管系统⏹具有高达4级的电磁兼容性能⏹支持继电器和短信等多种方式的告警⏹110V-220V宽电压范围交直流冗余供电产品规格●技术标准⏹IEEE 802.3-10BaseT⏹IEEE 802.3u-100BaseTX, 100BaseFX⏹IEEE 802.3x-Flow Control⏹IEEE 802.3z-1000BaseLX⏹IEEE 802.3ab-1000BaseTX⏹IEEE 802.3ad-Link Aggregation⏹IEEE 802.1D-MAC Bridges⏹IEEE 802.1D-Spanning Tree Protocol⏹IEEE 802.1p-Class of Service⏹IEEE 802.1Q-VLAN Tagging⏹IEEE 802.1w-Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol⏹IEEE 802.1x-Port Based Network Access Control●交换性能⏹交换机制: 存储转发⏹最大交换延迟: 8 us⏹交换带宽: 12.8 Gbps⏹MAC地址: 16K⏹优先级队列: 8⏹帧缓冲容量: 4 Mb⏹VLAN数目: 4096⏹IGMP 多播组: 256⏹速率限制粒度:64K⏹线头阻塞(HOL):无⏹端口汇聚组数量：16⏹同时镜像端口:8●电磁兼容性能标准：⏹IEC61850-3 变电站通信网络和系统⏹IEEE 1613 电力配电站中通信网络设备的环境及测试要求电磁兼容性能：⏹IEC 61000-4-2 静电放电抗扰度等级4⏹IEC 61000-4-3 辐射电磁场抗扰度等级3⏹IEC 61000-4-4 电快速瞬变脉冲群抗扰度等级4⏹IEC 61000-4-5 浪涌（冲击）抗扰度等级4⏹IEC 61000-4-6 射频场感应的传导骚扰抗扰度等级3⏹IEC 61000-4-8 工频磁场抗扰度等级5⏹IEC 61000-4-12 阻尼振荡波抗扰度等级3⏹IEC 61000-4-29 直流电源暂降、暂时中断抗扰度⏹IEC 61000-4-17 直流电源输入端口纹波抗扰度等级2⏹GB/T 9254-1998 无线电骚扰●接口⏹出线方式:后出线⏹快速以太网:3个插槽,每个插槽支持8个端口,光电可选.⏹千兆以太网:提供4个1000base-T(X)的电口或者4个SFP插槽.⏹CONSOLE口:RS232,RJ45.⏹告警端口:3.81间距接线端子，250VAC/220VDC@2A●线缆⏹双绞线: 0－100m.⏹多模光纤:1310nm,0－5Km（百兆）；1310nm,0－2Km（千兆）.⏹单模光纤:1310nm, 0－40km；1550nm, 0－80km.●电源⏹输入电压:110-220VDC/VAC,冗余输入.⏹接入端子: 10-pin接线端子.⏹功率:<40W.●机械特性⏹机箱:镀锌板结构,无风扇⏹防护等级:IP30⏹安装方式:19英寸1U机架式⏹机壳尺寸:482.6 mm×44 mm×356 mm （W×H×D）⏹冲击,振动,跌落:满足IEC61850-3 5.5 CM等级⏹重量:10kg.EPS6028E电力专用以太网交换机机械尺寸图（单位:mm）●环境⏹存储温度：-40℃至+85℃⏹工作温度:-40℃至+85℃⏹相对湿度:5%至95%无凝结●MTBF:100000小时●保修期:5年订购信息产品订购型号为:EPS6028E-S1-S2-S3-S4-PS1-PS2-TS1 S2 S3 S4 PS1 PS2●PS1和PS2:电源模块⏹24 =24VDC (9-36VDC)⏹48 =48VDC (36-72VDC)⏹WV =90-260V交直流宽压电源⏹XX =空●S1,S2,S3:快速以太网模块⏹XXXX =空⏹8TX =8 x 10/100Tx RJ45⏹6SXST =6 x 100BaseFX,多模，1310nm,ST,5km⏹6LXST =6 x 100BaseFX,单模，1310nm,ST,15km⏹6LHST =6 x 100BaseFX,单模，1310nm,ST,40km⏹6ZXST =6 x 100BaseFX,单模，1550nm,ST,80km⏹8TX/PTP =8 x 10/100Tx RJ45, IEEE 1588 PTP⏹6SXST/PTP =6 x 100BaseFX,多模，1310nm,ST,5km, IEEE 1588 PTP6LXST/PTP =6 x 100BaseFX,单模，1310nm,ST,15km, IEEE 1588 PTP6LHST/PTP =6 x 100BaseFX,单模，1310nm,ST,40km, IEEE1588 PTP6ZXST/PTP =6 x 100BaseFX,单模，1550nm,ST,80km, IEEE1588 PTP●S4:千兆以太网模块⏹XXXX =空⏹4GTX =4 x 10/100/1000 Tx RJ45⏹4GSX =4 x 1000BaseFX,多模，850nm,LC,SFP,550m⏹4GLX =4 x 1000BaseFX,单模，1310nm,LC,SFP,15km⏹4GLH =4 x 1000BaseFX,单模，1310nm,LC,SFP,40km⏹4GZX =4 x 1000BaseFX,单模，1550nm,LC,SFP,80km●T:工作温度⏹Ⅰ= -40°C～+85°C；⏹ C = 0°C～+60°C；。
以太网交换机命名规则
工业用以太网交换机命名规则华为Quidway SA1A2A3A4A5－A6【A7A8 】【/A9 A10 A11 】－【A12 A13 】－【A14 A15 A16 】－【A17 A18 】A1表示产品系列，主要标示上行端口的最大接口速率：A1为1 —盒式10/100M 交换机，上行最高到100M，无管理；A1为2 —盒式10/100M 交换机，上行最高到100M，有管理；A1为3 —盒式10/100/1000M交换机，上行最高到1000M；A1为5 —盒式GE/10GE交换机，上行最高到10GE。
A2标示所支持的IP层：A2为0 —纯L2交换机，目前为0，根据产品的更新换代，可以更改为1、2、3、4；A2为5 — L2/L3交换机，目前为5，根据产品的更新换代，可以更改为6、7、8、9；A3A4两位数字与产品的端口数相关，根据端口总数确定产品系列：A3A4为08 —表示下行端口为8个，上行端口为0、1、2个；A3A4为12 —表示下行端口为12个，上行端口为0、1、2个；Quidway SA1A2A3A4A5－A6 【A7A8 】【/A9 A10 A11 】－【A12 A13 】－【A14 A15 A16 】－【A17 A18 】A5 用来区分固定上行口的不同种类，可以标示接口类型、能否堆叠等特性，缺省表示不带上行口。
A5为Z —表示没有上行接口；A5为G —表示上行GBIC接口；A5为P —表示上行SFP接口；A5为T —表示上行RJ45接口；A5为V —表示上行VDSL接口；A5为X —表示上行XPACK(10GE LAN)接口；A5为W —表示上行可配置W AN接口；A5为C —表示上行接口可选配；A5为M —表示上行接口为多模光口；A5为S —表示上行接口为单模光口；Quidway SA1A2A3A4A5－A6 【A7A8 】【/A9 A10 A11 】－【A12 A13 】－【A14 A15 A16 】－【A17 A18 】A6 作为设备最大用户端口数标识，如8、12、16、24、48口等，如果设备已经配置最大用户端口数量，而且为RJ45的电口，则A6缺省，其他情况下应当与A7 A8组合显示用户端口信息。
摩克斯工业级以太网交换机 EDS-205A 208A 系列产品说明书
Moxa EtherDevice SwitchEDS-205A/208A SeriesHardware Installation GuideFourth Edition, October 2009© 2009 Moxa Inc. All rights reserved.Reproduction without permission is prohibited.P/N: 1802002050023OverviewThe EDS-205A/208A series of industrial Ethernet switches are entry-level industrial 5 and 8-port Ethernet switches that support IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.3u, and IEEE 802.3x with 10/100M, full/half-duplex, and MDI/MDIXauto-sensing.The EDS-205A/208A series provides 12/24/48 VDC (9.6 to 60VDC)/18 to 30 VAC redundant power inputs that can be connected simultaneously to a live AC/DC power source. The switches are available with a standard operating temperature range from -10 to 60°C, or with a wide operating temperature range from -40 to 75°C, and IP30 metal housing makes them rugged enoughfor any harsh industrial environment.To provide greater versatility for use with applications from different industries, the EDS-205A/208A also allow users to enable or disable broadcast storm protection with DIP switches on the outer panel.The EDS-205A/208A switches can be easily installed with DIN-Rail mounting as well as distribution boxes. The DIN-rail mounting capability and IP30 metal housing with LED indicators make the plug-and-play EDS-205A/208A switches reliable and easy to use.NOTE Throughout this Hardware Installation Guide, we use EDS as an abbreviation for Moxa EtherDevice Switch:EDS = Moxa EtherDevice SwitchPackage ChecklistYour EDS is shipped with the following items. If any of these items is missing or damaged, please contact your customer service representative for assistance. y Moxa EtherDevice™ Switchy Hardware Installation Guidey Moxa Product Warranty bookletFeaturesHigh Performance Network Switching Technologyy EDS-205A: 10/100BaseT(X) (RJ45), 100 BaseFX (SC/ST connector, multi/single-mode)y EDS-208A series: 10/100BaseT(X) (RJ45), 100 BaseFX (SC/ST connector, multi/single-mode)y10/100M, Full/Half-Duplex, MDI/MDIX auto-sensingy IEEE 802.3/802.3u/802.3xy Store and Forward switching process type, 1024 address entriesRugged Designy Redundant dual 12/24/48 VDC (9.6 to 60VDC) or 18 to 30 VAC at 47 to63 Hz power inputy Operating temperature range from -10 to 60°C,or extended operating temperature of -40 to 75°C for (-T) models.y IP30 metal housingy DIN-rail or panel mounting abilityPanel Layout of EDS-205A/208A (Standard)Top Panel ViewTop Panel ViewRear Panel View Rear Panel View2EDS-208A Front Panel View8EDS-205A Front Panel View7321412431. Grounding screw2.Terminal block for power input P1/P2 3. Heat dissipationorifices 4. DIP Switches 5. Power input P1 LED 6.Power input P2 LED 7. 10/100BaseT(X) Port8.TP port’s 10/100 Mbps LED 9. Model Name10. Screw hole for wallmounting kit 11. DIN-Rail KitTop Panel ViewRear Panel ViewFront Panel View23214Top Panel ViewRear Panel View Front Panel View321456256The appearance of EDS-205A-S-SC is identical to EDS-205A-M-SC.1. Grounding screw2.Terminal block for power input P1/P23. Heat dissipationorifices 4. DIP Switches 5.Power input P1 LED 6. Power input P2 LED 7. 10/100BaseT(X) Port8.TP port’s 10/100 Mbps LED 9. Model Name 10. 100BaseFX Port 11. FX port’s 100 MbpsLED12. Screw hole for wallmounting kit 13. DIN-Rail KitTop Panel ViewRear Panel ViewFront Panel ViewTop Panel View Rear Panel View Front Panel View11The appearance of EDS-208A-S-SC is identical to EDS-208A-M-SC.1. Grounding screw2.Terminal block for power input P1/P2 3. Heat dissipationorifices 4. DIP Switches5. Power input P1 LED6. Power input P2 LED7. 10/100BaseT(X) Port8.TP port’s 10/100 Mbps LED9. Model Name 10. 100BaseFX Port 11. FX port’s 100 MbpsLED12. Screw hole for wallmounting kit13. DIN-Rail KitPanel Layout of EDS-208A-MM-SC/STTop Panel ViewRear Panel ViewEDS-208A-MM-SC Front Panel ViewTop Panel View Rear Panel View EDS-208A-MM-STFront Panel View11NOTE:The appearance of EDS-208A-SS-SC is identical to EDS-208A-MM-SC.1. Grounding screw2.Terminal block for power input P1/P23. Heat dissipationorifices 4. DIP Switches5. Power input P1 LED6. Power input P2 LED7. 10/100BaseT(X) Port8.TP port’s 10/100 Mbps LED9. Model Name 10. 100BaseFX Port 11. FX port’s 100 MbpsLED12. Screw hole for wallmounting kit13. DIN-Rail KitMounting Dimensions (unit = mm)DIN-Rail MountingThe aluminum DIN-rail attachment plate should already be fixed to the back panel of the EDS when you take it out of the box. If you need to reattach the DIN-rail attachment plate, make sure the stiff metal spring is situated towards the top, as shown in the figures below.STEP 1:Insert the top of the DIN-Rail into the slot just below the stiff metal spring. STEP 2:The DIN-Rail attachment unit will snap into place as shown below.To remove the EDS from the DIN-Rail, simply reverse Steps 1 and 2 above.Wall Mounting (optional)For some applications, you will find it convenient to mount theSTEP 1: Remove thealuminum DIN-Railattachment plate from theEDS-205A/208A’s rearpanel, and then attach thewall mount plates as shownin the diagram at the right.⇒STEP 2:Mounting the EDS-205A/208A on the wall requires 4screws. Use the switch, with wall mount plates attached,as a guide to mark the correct locations of the 4 screws.The heads of the screws should be less than 6.0 mm indiameter, and the shafts should be less than 3.5 mm indiameter, as shown in the figure at the right.NOTE Before tightening the screws into the wall, make sure the screw head and shank size are suitable by inserting the screw into one ofthe keyhole-shaped apertures of the wall mounting plates.Do not screw the screws in completely—leave about 2 mm to allow room for sliding the wall mount panel between the wall and the screws.STEP 3:Once the screws are fixed on the wall, insert the four screw heads through the large parts of the keyhole-shaped apertures, and then slide theEDS-205A/208A downwards, as indicated. Tighten the four screws for added stability.⇒Wiring RequirementsYou should also pay attention to the following points:y Use separate paths to route wiring for power and devices. If power wiring and device wiring paths must cross, make sure the wires are perpendicular at the intersection point.NOTE: Do not run signal or communications wiring and power wiring in the same wire conduit. To avoid interference, wires with different signal characteristics should be routed separately.y You can use the type of signal transmitted through a wire to determine which wires should be kept separate. The rule of thumb is that wiring that shares similar electrical characteristics can be bundled together.y Keep input wiring and output wiring separated.y It is strongly advised that you label wiring to all devices in the system when necessary.Grounding the EtherDevice SwitchGrounding and wire routing help limit the effects of noise due toelectromagnetic interference (EMI). Run the ground connection from the ground screw to the grounding surface prior to connecting devices.Wiring the Redundant Power InputsThe top two contacts and the bottom two contacts of the 4-contact terminal block connector on the EDS’s top panel are used for the EDS’s two AC/DC inputs. Top and front views of one of the terminal block connectors are shown here.STEP 1: Insert the negative/positive AC/DC wires into the V-/V+ terminals.STEP 2: To keep the AC/DC wires from pulling loose, use a small flat-blade screwdriver to tighten the wire-clamp screws on the front of the terminal block connector.STEP 3: Insert the plastic terminal blockconnector prongs into the terminal block receptor, which is located on EDS’s top panel.Communication ConnectionsThe EDS-205A models have 4 or 5 10/100BaseT(X) Ethernet ports, and 1 or 0 (zero) 100 BaseFX multi/single-mode (SC/ST-type connector) fiber ports. The EDS-208A models have 6, 7 or 8 10/100BaseT(X) Ethernet ports, and 2, 1 or 0 (zero) 100 BaseFX multi/single-mode (SC/ST-type connector) fiber ports.10/100BaseT(X) Ethernet Port ConnectionThe 10/100BaseT(X) ports located on the EDS’s front panel are used to connect to Ethernet-enabled devices. Below we show pinouts for both MDI (NIC-type) ports and MDI-X (HUB/Switch-type) ports, and also show cable wiring diagrams for straight-through and cross-over Ethernet cables.MDI Port PinoutsMDI-X Port Pinouts 8-pin RJ45Pin Signal 1 Tx+ 2 Tx- 3 Rx+ 6 Rx-Pin Signal1 Rx+2 Rx-3 Tx+ 6 Tx-RJ45 (8-pin) to RJ45 (8-pin) Straight-Through Cable Wiring Switch Port RJ45ConnectorRJ45Connector Tx+Tx-Rx+Rx-NIC Port Cable Wiring 3 36 61 122Rx+Rx-Tx+Tx-RJ45 (8-pin) to RJ45 (8-pin) Cross-Over Cable Wiring Switch Port (NIC Port)RJ45Connector RJ45Connector Tx+Tx-Rx+Rx-(Rx+)(Rx-)(Tx+)(Tx-)(Tx+)(Tx-)(Rx+)(Rx-)Switch Port (NIC Port)Cable Wiring 3 1621 326Rx+Rx-Tx+Tx-100BaseFX Ethernet Port ConnectionThe concept behind the SC/ST port and cable is quite straightforward. Suppose you are connecting devices I and II; contrary to electrical signals, optical signals do not require a circuit in order to transmit data. Consequently, one of the optical lines is used to transmit data from device I to device II, and the other optical line is used transmit data from device II to device I, for full-duplex transmission.Remember to connect the Tx (transmit) port of device I to the Rx (receive) port of device II, and the Rx (receive) port of device I to the Tx (transmit) port of device II. If you make your own cable, we suggest labeling the two sides of the same line with the same letter (A-to-A and B-to-B, as shown below, or A1-to-A2 and B1-to-B2).SC-Port to SC-Port Cable WiringTxRxAABBCable WiringA A BBST-Port to ST-Port Cable WiringCable WiringA ABBRedundant Power InputsBoth power inputs can be connected simultaneously to live AC/DC power sources. If one power source fails, the other live source acts as a backup, and automatically supplies all of the EDS’s power needs.DIP Switch SettingsEDS-205A/208A DIP SwitchesThe default setting for each DIP Switch is OFF.The following table explains the effect of settingthe DIP Switches to the ON positions.DIP Switch Setting Description------ Serves no function (reserved for future use).ON Enables broadcast storm protectionBSPOFF Disables broadcast storm protectionLED IndicatorsThe front panel of the Moxa EtherDevice Switch contains several LED indicators. The function of each LED is described in the table below.LED Color State DescriptionOn Power is being supplied to power input P1.P1 AMBEROff Power is not being supplied to power inputP1.On Power is being supplied to power input P2.P2 AMBEROff Power is not being supplied to power inputP2.On TP port’s 10 Mbps link is active.10M YellowBlinking Data is being transmitted at 10 Mbps.Off TP Port’s 10 Mbps link is inactiveOn TP port’s 100 Mbps link is active.Blinking Data is being transmitted at 100 Mbps.100M GREENOff 100Base TP Port’s link is inactive. Auto MDI/MDI-X ConnectionThe Auto MDI/MDI-X function allows users to connect the EDS’s10/100BaseTX ports to any kind of Ethernet device, without needing to pay attention to the type of Ethernet cable being used for the connection. This means that you can use either a straight-through cable or cross-over cable to connect the EDS to Ethernet devices.Dual Speed Functionality and SwitchingThe Moxa EtherDevice Switch’s 10/100 Mbps switched RJ45 port auto negotiates with the connected device for the fastest data transmission rate supported by both devices. All models of Moxa EtherDevice Switch areplug-and-play devices, so that software configuration is not required at installation, or during maintenance. The half/full duplex mode for the switched RJ45 ports is user dependent and changes (by auto-negotiation) to full or half duplex, depending on which transmission speed is supported by the attached device.Switching, Filtering, and ForwardingEach time a packet arrives at one of the switched ports, a decision is made to either filter or forward the packet. Packets with source and destination addresses belonging to the same port segment will be filtered, constraining those packets to one port, and relieving the rest of the network from the need to process them. A packet with destination address on another port segment will be forwarded to the appropriate port, and will not be sent to ports where it is not needed. Packets that are used in maintaining the operation of the network (such as the occasional multi-cast packet) are forwarded to all ports. The EDS operates in the store-and-forward switching mode, which eliminates bad packets and enables peak performance to be achieved when there is heavy traffic on the network.Switching and Address LearningThe EDS has an address table that can hold up to 1024 addresses, which makesit suitable for use with large networks. The address tables are self-learning, sothat as nodes are added or removed, or moved from one segment to another, the EDS automatically keeps up with new node locations. An address-agingalgorithm causes the least-used addresses to be deleted in favor of newer, more frequently used addresses. To reset the address buffer, power down the unit andthen power it back up.Auto-Negotiation and Speed SensingAll of the EDS’s RJ45 Ethernet ports independently support auto-negotiationfor speeds in the 10BaseT and 100BaseTX modes, with operation according tothe IEEE 802.3u standard. This means that some nodes could be operating at10 Mbps, while at the same time, other nodes are operating at 100 Mbps.Auto-negotiation takes place when an RJ45 cable connection is made, and theneach time a LINK is enabled. The EDS advertises its capability for using either10 Mbps or 100 Mbps transmission speeds, with the device at the other end ofthe cable expected to advertise in a similar manner. Depending on what type of device is connected, this will result in agreement to operate at a speed of either10 Mbps or 100 Mbps. If an EDS RJ45 Ethernet port is connected to anon-negotiating device, it will default to 10 Mbps speed and half-duplex mode,as required by the IEEE 802.3u standard.SpecificationsTechnologyStandards IEEE 802.3 for 10BaseT,IEEE 802.3u for 100BaseT(X) and 100BaseFX,IEEE 802.3x for Flow ControlProcessing Type Store and ForwardFlow Control IEEE 802.3x flow control, back pressure flowcontrolInterfaceRJ45 Ports 10/100BaseT(X) auto negotiation speed, F/Hduplex mode, and auto MDI/MDI-X connectionFiber Ports 100BaseFX ports (SC/ST connector,multi/single-mode)LED Indicators P1, P2 (Power), 10/100M (TP port), and 100M(Fiber port)DIP Switch enable/disable broadcast storm protectionOptical Fiber100BaseFXMulti-mode Single-mode Wavelength 1300 nm 1310 nmMax. TX -10 dBm 0 dBmMin. TX -20 dBm -5 dBmRX Sensitivity -32 dBm -34 dBmLink Budget 12 dB 29 dB5 km aTypical Distance40 km c4 km bSaturation -6 dBm -3 dBming [50/125μm, 800 MHz*km] cableing [62.5/125μm, 500 MHz*km] cableing [9/125 μm, 3.5 PS/(nm*km)] cablePowerInput Voltage 12/24/48 VDC (9.6 to 60 VDC),18 to 30VAC (47 to 63 Hz)Input Current @ 24VDC 0.1 A (EDS-205A)0.11 A (EDS-205A-M/S)0.13 A (EDS-208A)0.17 A (EDS-208A-M/S)0.22 A (EDS-208A-MM/SS)Connection Removable 4-contact terminal block1.1 AOverload CurrentProtectionReverse Polarity Protection PresentPhysical CharacteristicsHousing IP30 protection, metal caseDimensions EDS-208A Series: 50 x 115 x 70 mmEDS-205A: 30 x 115 x 70 mmWeight EDS-208A Series: 275 gEDS-205A: 175 gInstallation DIN-Rail Mounting, Wall Mounting(with optional kit)Environmental LimitsOperating Temperature -10 to 60°C (14 to 140°F)-40 to 75°C (-40 to 167°F) for -T models Storage Temperature -40 to 85°C (-40 to 185°F)Ambient Relative Humidity5 to 95% (non-condensing)Regulatory ApprovalsSafety UL508 (pending)Hazardous Location UL/cUL Class I, Division 2, Groups A, B, C, andD; ATEX Class I, Zone 2, Ex nC nL IIC T4(Pending)EMI FCC Part 15, CISPR (EN55022) class AEMS EN61000-4-2 (ESD), Level 3EN61000-4-3 (RS), Level 3EN61000-4-4 (EFT), Level 3EN61000-4-5 (Surge), Level 3EN61000-4-6 (CS), Level 3EN61000-4-8EN61000-4-1160068-2-27Shock IEC60068-2-32Freefall IEC60068-2-6Vibration IECWARRANTY 5 yearsTechnical Support Contact Information /supportMoxa Americas:Toll-free: 1-888-669-2872 Tel: +1-714-528-6777 Fax: +1-714-528-6778 Moxa Europe:Tel: +49-89-3 70 03 99-0 Fax: +49-89-3 70 03 99-99Moxa Asia-Pacific:Tel: +886-2-8919-1230 Fax: +886-2-8919-1231 Moxa China (Beijing office):Tel: +86-10-6872-3959/60/61 Fax: +86-10-6872-3958。
中控以太网交换机SUP-2119M
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文档中标志符定义警告：标示有可能导致人身伤亡或设备损坏的信息。
WARNING : Indicates information that a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in serious injury or death.电击危险：标示有可能产生电击危险的信息。
Risk of electrical shock: Indicates information that Potential shock hazard where HAZARDOUS LIVE voltages greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60V DC may be accessible.防止静电：标示防止静电损坏设备的信息。
ESD HAZARD: Indicates information that Danger of an electro-static discharge to which equipment may be sensitive. Observe precautions for handling electrostatic sensitive devices注意：提醒需要特别注意的信息。
ATTENTION: Identifies information that requires special consideration.提示：标记对用户的建议或提示。
TIP ：Identifies advice or hints for the user.设备安全警示标志下表列出了在设备中使用的安全警示标志符号及描述。
浪潮以太网交换机命令手册
浪潮以太网交换机命令手册系统分册前言.............................................................................................................................................................. 1配置基础命令......................................................................................................................................1.1访问命令行接口命令.............................................................................................................................................1.1.1clearscrn............................................................................................................................................................1.1.2telnet..................................................................................................................................................................1.1.3terminal length ...............................................................................................................................................1.1.4terminal monitor............................................................................................................................................1.2使用命令行接口命令.............................................................................................................................................1.2.1config.................................................................................................................................................................1.2.2exit ......................................................................................................................................................................1.2.3help.....................................................................................................................................................................1.2.4history................................................................................................................................................................1.2.5interface ............................................................................................................................................................1.3基本配置命令...........................................................................................................................................................1.3.1banner motd ...................................................................................................................................................1.3.2clock set ............................................................................................................................................................1.3.3timezone...........................................................................................................................................................1.3.4disable ...............................................................................................................................................................1.3.5enable................................................................................................................................................................1.3.6enable password............................................................................................................................................1.3.7hostname..........................................................................................................................................................1.3.8line ......................................................................................................................................................................1.3.9login ...................................................................................................................................................................【缺省情况】..................................................................................................................................................password...........................................................................................................................................................show privilege.................................................................................................................................................timeout..............................................................................................................................................................username privilege........................................................................................................................................who.....................................................................................................................................................................max-session..................................................................................................................................................... 2系统管理命令......................................................................................................................................2.1文件管理命令...........................................................................................................................................................2.1.1COPY..................................................................................................................................................................2.1.2delete.................................................................................................................................................................2.1.3dir........................................................................................................................................................................2.1.4erase...................................................................................................................................................................2.1.7rename ..............................................................................................................................................................2.1.8show running-config....................................................................................................................................2.1.9show startup-config .....................................................................................................................................verify...................................................................................................................................................................write....................................................................................................................................................................2.2系统维护命令...........................................................................................................................................................2.2.1debug ................................................................................................................................................................2.2.2logging..............................................................................................................................................................2.2.3logging buffered............................................................................................................................................2.2.4logging cli.........................................................................................................................................................2.2.5logging facility ................................................................................................................................................2.2.6logging filed ....................................................................................................................................................2.2.7logging monitor.............................................................................................................................................2.2.8logging on........................................................................................................................................................2.2.9logging rate-limit ..........................................................................................................................................logging trap.....................................................................................................................................................ping ....................................................................................................................................................................service sequence-numbers........................................................................................................................service timestamps........................................................................................................................................show debugging............................................................................................................................................show clock........................................................................................................................................................show logging...................................................................................................................................................show logging filed.........................................................................................................................................show memory .................................................................................................................................................show slab..........................................................................................................................................................show process...................................................................................................................................................show version....................................................................................................................................................show chassis....................................................................................................................................................traceroute.........................................................................................................................................................2.3SNMP命令................................................................................................................................................................2.3.1debug snmp ....................................................................................................................................................2.3.2set snmp access..............................................................................................................................................2.3.3set snmp context............................................................................................................................................2.3.4set snmp group..............................................................................................................................................2.3.5set snmp ip-filter enable.............................................................................................................................2.3.6set snmp ip-filter host..................................................................................................................................2.3.7set snmp notify enable ................................................................................................................................2.3.8set snmp notify trap......................................................................................................................................2.3.9set snmp sys-info ..........................................................................................................................................set snmp user..................................................................................................................................................set snmp view .................................................................................................................................................show snmp.......................................................................................................................................................show snmp access.........................................................................................................................................show snmp engineID....................................................................................................................................show snmp groups........................................................................................................................................show snmp ip-filter.......................................................................................................................................show snmp notify-target ............................................................................................................................show snmp sys-info......................................................................................................................................show snmp trap-target................................................................................................................................show snmp user .............................................................................................................................................show snmp view.............................................................................................................................................snmp-server community.............................................................................................................................snmp-server enable v1v2 ...........................................................................................................................snmp-server traps enable...........................................................................................................................snmp-server traps host ...............................................................................................................................snmp-server trap-source loopback........................................................................................................ 3接口命令..............................................................................................................................................3.1概述部分命令...........................................................................................................................................................3.1.1rate-limit...........................................................................................................................................................3.1.2clear counters..................................................................................................................................................3.1.3description .......................................................................................................................................................3.1.4show interfaces...............................................................................................................................................3.1.5show rate-limit ...............................................................................................................................................3.1.6shutdown..........................................................................................................................................................3.1.7flow-control.....................................................................................................................................................3.2以太网接口配置命令.............................................................................................................................................3.2.1duplex................................................................................................................................................................3.2.2medium.............................................................................................................................................................3.2.3speed .................................................................................................................................................................3.2.4auto-negotiation ...........................................................................................................................................3.3Loopback接口配置命令 ......................................................................................................................................3.3.1interface loopback......................................................................................................................................... 4IP寻址与服务命令.............................................................................................................................4.1IP基本配置命令......................................................................................................................................................4.1.1clear host..........................................................................................................................................................4.1.2ip address.........................................................................................................................................................4.1.3ip unnumbered...............................................................................................................................................4.1.4ip host................................................................................................................................................................4.1.5show hosts .......................................................................................................................................................4.1.6show ip route ..................................................................................................................................................4.1.7show ip route summary...............................................................................................................................4.1.8show ip-statistics ...........................................................................................................................................4.1.9show net-memory.........................................................................................................................................4.2ARP配置命令...........................................................................................................................................................4.2.3arpreq period time........................................................................................................................................4.2.4clear arp-cache...............................................................................................................................................4.2.5ip arp time-out...............................................................................................................................................4.2.6ip proxy-arp.....................................................................................................................................................4.2.7show arp ...........................................................................................................................................................4.2.8show ip arp ......................................................................................................................................................4.3DHCP配置命令.......................................................................................................................................................4.3.1DHCP服务端命令 .........................................................................................................................................4.3.2DHCP中继命令..............................................................................................................................................4.3.3DHCP其他命令..............................................................................................................................................4.4DNS命令 ...................................................................................................................................................................4.4.1ip dns server....................................................................................................................................................4.4.2ip dns transparent-proxy............................................................................................................................4.4.3ip dns transparent-proxy enable..............................................................................................................4.4.4ip domain lookup ..........................................................................................................................................4.4.5ip domain name.............................................................................................................................................4.4.6ip domain retry...............................................................................................................................................4.4.7ip domain timeout.........................................................................................................................................4.4.8ip name-server...............................................................................................................................................4.4.9show ip dns config ........................................................................................................................................show ip dns querying...................................................................................................................................show ip dns statistics....................................................................................................................................debug ipcls debug-level dns.....................................................................................................................4.5IP SLA配置命令.......................................................................................................................................................4.5.1IP SLA ENTRY的配置命令 ..........................................................................................................................4.5.2IP SLA RESPONDER的配置命令...............................................................................................................4.5.3IP SLA SCHEDULE的配置命令..................................................................................................................4.5.4IP SLA UDP-ECHO的配置命令.................................................................................................................4.5.5IP SLA UDP-JITTER的配置命令................................................................................................................4.5.6IP SLA其他命令 ............................................................................................................................................. 5IP路由协议命令.................................................................................................................................5.1静态路由命令...........................................................................................................................................................5.1.1ip default-network ........................................................................................................................................5.1.2ip route..............................................................................................................................................................5.1.3ip route vrf .......................................................................................................................................................5.2RIP路由协议命令 ...................................................................................................................................................5.2.1debug ip rip.....................................................................................................................................................5.2.2default-metric.................................................................................................................................................5.2.3ip rip poison-reverse....................................................................................................................................5.2.4ip rip authentication-key.............................................................................................................................5.2.5ip rip message-digest-key .........................................................................................................................5.2.6ip rip receive version.....................................................................................................................................5.2.9network .............................................................................................................................................................passive-interface............................................................................................................................................redistribute.......................................................................................................................................................router rip...........................................................................................................................................................show ip rip........................................................................................................................................................timer basic........................................................................................................................................................version...............................................................................................................................................................5.3OSPF路由协议命令...............................................................................................................................................5.3.1area authentication.......................................................................................................................................5.3.2area default-cost ...........................................................................................................................................5.3.3area filter-list prefix.......................................................................................................................................5.3.4area nssa...........................................................................................................................................................5.3.5area range........................................................................................................................................................5.3.6area sham-link................................................................................................................................................5.3.7area stub...........................................................................................................................................................5.3.8area virtual-link ..............................................................................................................................................5.3.9auto-cost reference-bandwidth...............................................................................................................clear ip ospf .....................................................................................................................................................debug ip ospf..................................................................................................................................................default-information ......................................................................................................................................default-metric.................................................................................................................................................distance.............................................................................................................................................................distance ospf ...................................................................................................................................................distribute-list...................................................................................................................................................domain-id ........................................................................................................................................................domain-tag......................................................................................................................................................fast-spf-calculate...........................................................................................................................................graceful-restart...............................................................................................................................................graceful-restart help.....................................................................................................................................ip ospf authentication ..................................................................................................................................ip ospf authentication-key .........................................................................................................................ip ospf cost.......................................................................................................................................................ip ospf database-filter..................................................................................................................................ip ospf demand-circuit................................................................................................................................ip ospf dead-interval....................................................................................................................................ip ospf hello-interval ....................................................................................................................................ip ospf message-digest-key......................................................................................................................ip ospf mtu-ignore........................................................................................................................................ip ospf priority.................................................................................................................................................ip ospf network...............................................................................................................................................ip ospf retransmit-interval..........................................................................................................................ip ospf transmit-delay..................................................................................................................................log-adjacency-changes...............................................................................................................................。
以太网交换机 说明书
目录1.简介 (2)1.1 启封 (2)1.2 安装过程 (3)2 安装位置 (3)2.1 桌面或架上安装 (4)2.2 机架安装 (4)3. 连接交换机 (4)3.1 设备到交换机 (4)3.2 交换机/HUB到交换机 (5)3.3 应用示例 (6)4. 理解指示灯 (7)4.1 指示灯定义 (7)5. 故障处理 (8)5.1 故障原因 (8)附录A. 技术规范 (9)附录B. 电缆规格 (10)附录C. 电磁辐射及安全认证 (11)11.简介本交换机是一个具有16个10/100M口的即插即用的快速以太网交换机,该交换机具有速率自适应(10/100Mbps)和模式自探测(全双工或半双工),方便安装及使用,利用该交换机的交换技术每个网络连接可以使用高达200Mbps的带宽来传输数据,交换的总带宽为3.2Gbps.用户可以使用这种交换机改善他们的网络性能.1.1 启封一台16口10/100Mbps以太网交换机一条交流电源线两套机架支架和螺丝本用户手册21.2 安装过程2 安装位置本交换机可以放置在一个平面(如桌面)或机架上,为连接方便起见,交换机的放置应遵循以下原则:交换机放置应方便电缆的连接。
连接电缆应远离电源接口,及无线电、显示器等。
要保证交换机的放置位置有较好的通风环境（若环境温度超出0-40摄氏度温度范围，交换机将不能正常工作）。
32.1 桌面或架上安装1. 把要放置的第一台交换机放置在一个坚固的平面上.2. 把第二台交换机放置在第一台交换机上面,请不要在桌面上叠放超过3台交换机,以防摇动。
2.2 机架安装1. 利用支架和螺丝在机架安装。
2 使用十字螺丝起子固定交换机。
3. 连接交换机3.1 设备到交换机连接10 Base-T设备可使用3类或5类双绞线(管脚定义见附录B)连接100 Base-T设备可使用3类或5类双绞线(管脚定义见附录B)4最大电缆长度为100米(根据IEEE的规范)3.2 交换机/HUB 到交换机本交换机可以连接10/100Mbps交换机或HUB,连接方式如下: 3.2.1 MDI(级连口)口与MDI-X(非级连口)口的连接缆.线缆.53.3 应用示例交换机可以克服HUB-HUB的连接限制,改善网络的整体性能,交换机对传输网络中的数据包可以进行智能决策,所以交换机可以减少网络中的不必要的数据传输.下面示例显示交换机能够进行网络分段,减少网段中的节点数目减少冲突.64. 理解指示灯4.1 指示灯定义指示灯可以提供交换机及各端口状态等有用的信息指示灯 状态 说明电源灯 ON 交换机加电.显示模式绿色 指示灯指示Link / Act状态黄色 指示灯指示FDX / Col状态111-16口指示灯Link / Act状ON 端口有一个可靠的连接态闪烁 传送或接受数据.ON 全双工连接FDX / Col状态闪烁 冲突绿色 100Mbps连接黄色 10Mbps连接前面板有显示模式切换开关75. 故障处理5.1 故障原因交换机的故障一般有下列几种情况:设备没有加电错误的电缆连接交换端口无效注意:由于 Port 16 MDI-X 和 MDI port 共占用一个端口结构,不要同时使用两个端口。
2.5Gbps以太网PoE交换机安装手册说明书
Enterprise Networking Solution安装手册2.5Gbps以太网PoE交换机声明Copyright © 2021 普联技术有限公司版权所有，保留所有权利未经普联技术有限公司明确书面许可，任何单位或个人不得擅自仿制、复制、誊抄或转译本手册部分或全部内容，且不得以营利为目的进行任何方式（电子、影印、录制等）的传播。
为普联技术有限公司注册商标。
本手册提及的所有商标，由各自所有人拥有。
本手册所提到的产品规格和资讯仅供参考，如有内容更新，恕不另行通知。
除非有特殊约定，本手册仅作为使用指导，所作陈述均不构成任何形式的担保。
I声明II相关文档 相关文档安装手册简介《安装手册》主要介绍了2.5Gbps以太网PoE交换机的硬件特性、安装方法以及在安装过程中应注意事项。
本手册包括以下章节：第1章：产品介绍。
简述交换机的基本功能特性并详细介绍外观信息。
第2章：产品安装。
指导交换机的硬件安装方法以及注意事项。
第3章：硬件连接。
指导交换机与其他设备之间的连接及注意事项。
附录A：技术参数规格。
说明：在安装设备之前及安装设备过程中为避免可能出现的设备损坏及人身伤害，请仔细阅读本手册相关内容。
阅读对象本手册适合下列人员阅读：网络工程师网络管理人员约定在本手册以下部分，如无特别说明，均以TL-SH1005PB为例介绍，所涉及的产品图片仅为示意说明，请以实际机型为准。
本手册采用了如下几种醒目标志来表示操作过程中应该注意的地方，这些标志的意III阅读对象目录第1章 目录第1章 产品介绍 —————————————011.1 产品简介 (01)1.2 产品外观 (01)第2章 产品安装 —————————————032.1 物品清单 (03)2.2 安装注意事项 (03)2.3 安装工具准备 (06)2.4 产品安装 (06)第3章 硬件连接 —————————————073.1 连接RJ45端口 (07)3.2 连接电源 (07)3.3 设备初始化 (08)附录A 技术参数规格 ———————————09IV目录2.5Gbps以太网PoE交换机安装手册01产品介绍第1章 产品介绍1.1 产品简介TL-SH1005PB是普联技术有限公司自主研发的2.5Gbps以太网PoE交换机。
Ecolink以太网交换机(管理型)
EL1608M
• 16个10Base-T/100Base-Tx电口（RJ45），铜轴电缆100m；速度及半双工/全双工自协商；MDI/MDI-X自适应 • 8个100Base-Fx光口（SFP，LC），MMF 2Km/SMF 15Km两种类型可选 • 1个网管口（RJ45)，1个串口（RJ45） • 交换容量4.8Gbps，包转发率7.143Mpps • 220VAC/220VDC （-20%～+20%）
EL1600M
• 16个10Base-T/100Base-Tx电口（RJ45），铜轴电缆100m；速度及半双工/全双工自协商；MDI/MDI-X自适应 • 1个网管口（RJ45) • 交换容量3.2Gbps，包转发率4.762Mpps • 24VDC （-20%～+20%）, 可选双输入电源
2
EcoLink 以太网交换机
EL2402M
• 24个10Base-T/100Base-Tx电口（RJ45），铜轴电缆100m；速度及半双工/全双工自协商；MDI/MDI-X自适应 • 2个100Base-Fx光口（SFP，LC），MMF 2Km/SMF 15Km两种类型可选 • 1个网管口（RJ45)，1个串口（RJ45） • 交换容量5.2Gbps，包转发率7.738Mpps • 220VAC/220VDC （-20%～+20%）
GE
EcoLink
管理型工业以太网交换机
用于电力系统、工业自动化以及 交通控制系统的以太网通讯
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以太网交换机一、交换机概述交换机是数据链路层的设备，以MAC地址为基础，能对帧进行操作，是一种智能型设备。
以太网交换机可以用来连接多个局域网段，在网络设备之间实现无冲突的专用通信。
注：现在市场上已经出现很多三层交换机、多层交换机设备，它们是在二层交换机原理的一个扩展。
1、交换机与集线器的区别2、交换机与路由器的区别（一）、交换机的基本功能地址学习功能转发/过滤功能当交换机接收到一个数据帧时，处理步骤如下：1、如果是广播帧或者多播帧，则以泛洪方式处理：交换机将向除了发源端口（即接收到该帧的端口）以外的其他所有端口转发该帧；2、如果是单播帧，则查看MAC地址表，并根据查看结果分别进行以下处理：（1）如果该帧的目的地址在MAC地址表中且目的端口等同于发源端口，则交换机丢弃该帧；（2）如果该帧的目的地址在MAC地址表中且目的端口不同于与发源端口，则交换机通过该目的端口转发该帧；（3）如果该帧的目的地址不在MAC地址表中，则以泛洪方式处理。
（二）、交换机的关键指标1、交换模式2、背板带宽吞吐的最大数据量，如果一台交换机能实现全双工无阻塞交换，那么它的背板带宽值应该大于端口总数×最大端口带宽×2。
包转发率是指交换机每秒可以转发多少百万个数据包（Mpps）。
包转发率以数据包为单位体现了交换机的交换能力。
其实决定包转发率的一个重要指标就是交换机的背板带宽。
3、包缓存包缓存也就是包缓存区大小。
当交换机端口发生拥塞时，交换机会将来不及处理的数据帧暂存起来。
适当的缓存空间加上先进的队列调度算法是解决拥塞问题的合理方式。
4、MAC表项最大MAC地址数是指MAC地址表的最大容量，该指标反映了交换机可同时连接的最大设备数。
5、端口密度表示一台交换机最多能包含的端口数量。
（三）、交换机的常见技术1、VLAN2、端口镜像3、端口汇聚4、广播风暴抑制当广播数据包在网络中大量传送或者循环传送时，就会引起网络性能明显地下降，极限情况时将使网络整体瘫痪。
大多数交换机都是通过限制各交换端口的广播包数量，来抑制广播风暴。
5、生成树协议生成树协议通过阻塞冗余端口将一个包含多条环路的局域网转化成一个树状的局域网，不仅可以消除因网络循环连接造成的网络风暴，还带来了备份的数据通路，提高了网络的可靠性。
（四）、交换机的分类1、按网络构成方式分◆接入层交换机：网络中直接面向用户连接或访问网络的部分。
◆汇聚层交换机：多台接入层交换机的汇聚点。
◆核心层交换机：一般都是三层交换机或者三层以上的交换机，采用机箱式的外观，具有很多冗余的部件。
核心层交换机也可以说是交换机的网关。
2、按交换机工作的协议层分◆第三层交换机：三层交换机就是具有部分路由器功能的交换机。
对于数据包转发等规律性的过程由硬件高速实现，而象路由信息更新、路由表维护、路由计算、路由确定等功能，由软件实现。
三层交换技术就是二层交换技术加三层转发技术。
3、按交换机的结构分◆模块化交换机：用户可任意选择不同数量、不同速率和不同接口类型的模块，以适应千变万化的网络需求。
而且，模块式交换机大都有很强的容错能力，支持交换模块的冗余备份，并且往往拥有可热插拔的双电源，以保证交换机的电力供应。
（五）、交换机级联、堆叠技术1、级联（Uplink）可以定义为两台或两台以上的交换机通过一定的方式相互连接。
✧用Uplink端口级联✧用普通端口级联光纤端口的级联2、堆叠（Stack）指交换机用堆叠线通过堆叠模块把两台或多台交换机连接起来，将它们作为一个交换机使用和治理，实现高速连接。
堆叠可以看作是级联的一种特殊形势。
3、堆叠和级联的区别（六）、光口、电口、GBIC端口、SFP端口1、电口就是普通的网线接口，一般速率为10M或者100M，部分支持1000M。
电口的最远距离为100米。
2、光口就是插光纤模块的口子，然后在光纤模块上接光纤线。
3、GBIC端口：将千兆位电信号转换为光信号的接口器件。
4、SFP可以简单的理解为GBIC的升级版本。
SFP模块体积比GBIC模块减少一半，可以在相同面板上配置多出一倍以上的端口数量。
（七）、链路聚合技术允许几个以太网适配器聚集在一起组成一个单一的伪以太网设备。
例如，ent0 和ent1 可以聚集到称作ent3 的以太通道适配器中；然后用IP 地址配置接口en3 。
系统将这些聚集的适配器作为一个适配器来考虑。
优点是它们存在一个单一的网络中，却拥有其所有适配器的网络带宽（在某些的配置方式下）。
如果适配器发生故障，网络通信会自动发送到下一个可用的适配器上而不会中断现有的用户连接。
适配器恢复后会自动返回到“以太通道”或“链路聚合”服务中。
二、交换机配置（一）、交换机的启动信息首先，执行ROM中存放的加电自检代码，进行硬件自检；然后，执行ROM中的启动引导代码，即查找并载入Flash中的ISO镜像到RAM并执行。
补：IOS文件扩展名为通常为.bin，是一个压缩的二进制文件，存贮在设备的Flash存储器中。
IOS命令不区分大小写，命令支持简写，支持Tab键命令自动补全。
支持用“？”获得帮助。
在运行IOS操作系统的交换机中，MAC地址采用点三分格式表达，即表达为0020.ed6b.eeb7格式。
（二）、交换机的内存（1）、ROM：只读存储器，用来存储引导软件，如同PC机主板BIOS芯片；（2）、FLASH：闪存，用来保存IOS（Cisco设备的操作系统）系统软件；（3）、RAM：可读写存储器，如同PC机的内存；（4）、NVRAM：非易失性可读写存储器，掉电后仍可保存信息，用于保存IOS启动时读入的配置数据，如同PC机的CMOS信息。
（三）、交换机的配置文件（1）、running-config：存入在RAM中的运行（活动）配置文件；（2）、startup-config：存放在NVRAM中的启动（备份）配置文件。
（四）、交换机的工作模式（1）、Switch>（用户模式）：此模式下只能够查看设备的信息。
（2）、Switch#（特权模式）：该模式下可以完成很多配置工作，包括检查配置文件、重新启动交换机等。
（3）、Switch(config)#（全局配置模式）：该模式下所做出的任何改动都会影响IOS的全局运作。
（4）、Switch(config-if)#（接口配置模式）：配置一个/多个接口信息；（5）、Switch(config-vlan)#（VLAN配置模式）：配置VLAN信息；（6）、Switch(config-line)#（线路配置模式）：配置虚拟终端信息。
（五）、交换机模式转换命令（六）、交换机的基本配置（1）、设置交换机的名称（2）、设置控制台口令：使用超级终端程序登录交换机时所使用的验证口令。
（3）、设置远程登录口令：指使用Telnet命令登录交换机时所使用的口令，vty 0 4表示5个虚拟终端。
（4）、配置特权口令或特权密码（5）、配置交换机默认网关及域名地址，只对交换机自身有效，与它所连接的其它网络设备无关；默认网关通常是网络出口路由器的IP地址。
（6）、配置交换机的管理IP地址，交换机的管理IP地址主要用于远程登录交换机时使用，它要在VLAN的接口配置模式下配置，在没有对交换机进行划分VLAN时，交换机的所有端口都是默认为VLAN 1，通过配置VLAN1的IP地址可作为交换机的管理IP。
（7）、保存配置结果。
配置交换机时，修改的是RAM中的运行配置文件，这些信息一旦断电或重新启动交换机就会丢失，所以配置完成后应该把配置信息永久的保存在NVRAM存储器中。
（8）、查看配置结果补：f 0/1表示第一个模块上的第一个快速以太网口，千兆位以太网用g后跟数字编号表示。
（9）、清除所有配置命令的方法（七）、交换机的端口模式（access/ trunk/ multi）1、access: 主要用来接入终端设备，如PC机、服务器、打印服务器等。
多用于接入层也叫接入模式。
主要是将端口静态接入。
2、trunk: 主要用在连接其它交换机，以便在线路上承载多个vlan。
trunk模式的端口用于交换机与交换机，交换机与路由器，大多用于级联网络设备。
（八）、VLAN（虚拟局域网）1、主要为了解决交换机在进行局域网互连时无法限制广播的问题。
2、对虚拟局域网的配置和管理主要涉及到VLAN中继、VTP、VLAN的配置。
（1）、VLAN中继（VLAN Trunk）：是指交换机之间或交换机与路由器连接的情况下，在相互连接的端口配置中继模式，使得属于不同VLAN的数据帧可以通过这条中继链路进行传输。
（2）、VTP协议：维护VLAN信息全网的一致性。
三种工作模式，即服务器模式、客户模式和透明模式。
默认情况下是透明模式，所有端口属于一个默认的vlan。
3、虚拟局域网的实现方式：静态端口分配、动态虚拟网和多虚拟网端口配置。
4、具体配置（九）、生成树协议（STP）当交换机之间有多个VLAN时Trunk线路负载会过重，这时需要设置多个Trunk端口，但这样会形成网络环路，STP协议便解决这个问题。
1、使用STP端口权值实现负载均衡2、配置STP路径值的负载均衡。