从智人到人类【英文】Hominids to Humanity
人类的起源演化过程爷爷的爷爷哪里来读后感
人类的起源演化过程爷爷的爷爷哪里来读后感英文版Reflections on "Where Did Grandpa's Grandpa Come From? The Origin and Evolution of Humankind"Reading "Where Did Grandpa's Grandpa Come From? The Origin and Evolution of Humankind" left me with a profound understanding of our species' incredible journey from primitive beginnings to the complex society we inhabit today. The book's exploration of the earliest human ancestors, their environmental adaptations, and the gradual emergence of Homo sapiens as the dominant species on Earth was fascinating.The author's detailed narrative of the African savanna as the cradle of humanity was particularly engaging. The description of how early hominids evolved to walk upright, use tools, and form social groups provided a vivid picture of the survival challenges they faced and the adaptability that was crucial to their survival.I was also intrigued by the discussion on the role of genetics in human evolution. The concept of natural selection and how it shaped the genetic traits of early humans was explained in a clear and understandable manner. The author's explanation of how our DNA contains the traces of our evolutionary history was particularly thought-provoking.The book also delved into the development of language and culture, which are essential to the evolution of human civilization. The emergence of complex social structures, the development of art and music, and the rise of civilization were all explored in depth. The author's explanation of how these cultural developments were influenced by our cognitive abilities and the environment was insightful.Overall, "Where Did Grandpa's Grandpa Come From? The Origin and Evolution of Humankind" was a highly informative and engaging read. It provided a comprehensive overview of human evolution, from the earliest hominids to the present day, and left me with a deeper understanding of our species'remarkable journey. The book's exploration of the intersection of genetics, environment, and culture in shaping human evolution was particularly fascinating and thought-provoking. I highly recommend this book to anyone interested in human history and evolution.中文版《爷爷的爷爷哪里来：人类的起源演化过程》读后感阅读《爷爷的爷爷哪里来：人类的起源演化过程》这本书，让我对人类从原始起源到现代社会发展的不可思议历程有了深刻的理解。
未来简史：从智人到智神
无 意 识 但 具 有 高 度 智 能 的 算 法 ， 可 能 很 快 会 比 每 个 人 更 了 解 TA 自 己 自由意志受生物、化学、计算机、进化论的威胁
纯粹的“我”是一个伪概念
感谢聆听
未来简史：从智人到智神
演讲人
2020-12-02
目录
1 智人征服世界 2 智人为世界赋予意义 3 智人失去控制权？
01 智人征服世界
智人征服世界
超脱动物的人类世 代
人比动物优越在哪 里？
未来的三个追求
人类已解锁的三大 难题
C
D
B
A
智人征服世界
人类已解锁的三大难题
不再饥荒、克服瘟疫、避免战争
不再饥荒、克服瘟疫、避免战争
但轻视个人的价值
0 3 人工智能和大数据的崛起，会让人类 两极分化
新世纪的三大变动
人类在军事和经济上 失去价值
新世纪的三大变动
社会系统依然肯定人类的整体价 值，但轻视个人的价值
人工智能和大数据的崛起，会让人类两极分化
特权精英阶层的价值将远高于普通人
精英阶层的“超人类” 完全被控制的普通人
智人失去控制权？
进化人文主义
建立爱丛林法则、优胜劣汰的基础上
20世纪的历史，是三股思想力量教诲、较量的结果
三大思想纷争最密集的阶段：1914年末战争爆发——1989年苏联解体
03 智人失去控制权？
智人失去控制权？
01
新宗教： 科技宗
教？
02
新世纪 的三大
变动
03
未来趋 势
智人失去控制权？
新宗教：科技宗教？
科技人文主义
未来趋势
01
科学正逐渐聚 合在一个无所 不包的教条中
地质年表
寒武纪生物大爆发
5.3亿年前的海洋中，最凶猛的捕食者—奇虾
志留纪——裸蕨植物出现
泥盆纪——节蕨植物、鱼类出现
石炭纪——两栖动物出现
石炭纪首次出现 大规模森林
二叠纪——裸子植物、爬行动物出现
二叠纪的生物事件十分明显。 许多动物门类整目或整亚目 在二叠纪末消亡。
三叠纪(Triassic period)是爬行动物和裸子植物 的崛起
地的极爱那 里。在相对地质年代的基础上，应用同位 素地质年代进行准确的测年，二者相辅相 成，所得到的地质年代表不仅可以反映地 球历史发展的顺序、过程和阶段，而且能 够确立地质时代无机界和生物界的演化速 度。
震旦纪生物
晚震旦世事，门类多样的后生动物大量出现，反映 生物界的第一次飞跃。首先是在澳大利亚南部弗林 德斯山伊迪卡拉发现了丰富的无壳动物，其中以腔 肠动物门水母类为主，兼有环节动物及可能属于节 肢动物的一些化石，是以一个软躯体后生动物为主 体的动物群，称为伊迪卡拉裸露动物群。
第四纪是人类出世并迅速发展时代，人类的发展经历了以下主要阶段： 1.早期猿人阶段（2百万年-1百75万年前）：能人（Homo hails）在东非坦 桑尼亚出现，这可能是早期的直立猿人（Homo erectus）。 2.晚期猿人阶段（1百万年前）：直立猿人（homo erectus）从非洲扩散到 中国、爪哇，最著名的代表是北京猿人和爪哇猿人。 3.早期智人阶段（50万年前）：智人（Homo sapiens）在非洲出现并迁移 到欧洲。 4.晚期智人（新人）阶段（25万年-3万5千年前）：现代人(Homo sapiens sapiens)在非洲南部出现，约5万年前，现代人类分布到中东地区，到3万5千年 前，现代人类分布到达欧洲-克罗麦昂人（Cro-Magnon）。 5.在更新世晚期，大约3万-2万年前，现代人类通过白令陆桥进入北美洲 并向南迁移。进入全新世后，现代人的分布到除南极洲以外的各个大陆，并 且成为唯一生存至今的人科动物（hominids）。
研究人类起源英语作文
研究人类起源英语作文The Origin of Human Beings。
The origin of human beings has long been a topic of great interest and debate among scientists, historians, and philosophers. While there is no definitive answer to this question, there are several theories that attempt to explain how humans came to be.One of the most widely accepted theories is the theory of evolution, which suggests that humans evolved from primates over millions of years. This theory is based on the idea that all living organisms share a common ancestor, and that over time, certain traits and characteristics were selected for and passed down through generations, leading to the development of new species.Another theory is the creationist theory, which suggests that humans were created by a divine being or beings. This theory is often associated with religiousbeliefs, and is based on the idea that humans were createdin a single act of divine intervention.A third theory is the panspermia theory, which suggests that life on Earth originated from extraterrestrial sources. This theory is based on the idea that life may have been brought to Earth by comets or meteorites, which carried the necessary building blocks of life.Regardless of which theory one subscribes to, it isclear that the origins of human beings are complex and multifaceted. While we may never know the full story of how humans came to be, it is important to continue studying and exploring this topic in order to gain a deeperunderstanding of our place in the universe.In recent years, advances in genetics and molecular biology have allowed scientists to gain new insights intothe origins of human beings. For example, the discovery of the Neanderthal genome has provided important clues aboutthe relationship between modern humans and our ancient ancestors.In addition, studies of ancient DNA have revealed that humans interbred with other hominid species, such as the Denisovans and the Neanderthals. These findings suggestthat the evolution of human beings was a complex and dynamic process, shaped by a variety of factors including environmental pressures, genetic mutations, andinterbreeding with other species.Despite the many unanswered questions surrounding the origins of human beings, one thing is clear: our specieshas come a long way since our earliest ancestors walked the Earth. Today, humans are the dominant species on the planet, with a global population of over 7 billion people.As we continue to explore the mysteries of our origins, it is important to remember that we are all connected byour shared humanity. Whether we evolved from primates, were created by a divine being, or arrived on Earth from outer space, we are all part of the same story of life on this planet.。
2022考研英语阅读人类进化史
2022考研英语阅读人类进化史Human evolution人类进化史You look familiar似曾相识Another piece of humanity s family tree is fitted into place 南方古猿sediba的发觉填补了人类家族谱系的关键空白THE opening scene of Mel Brooks s film History of the World: Part One dispenses withhuman origins in one line: And the ape stood, and became man.梅尔布鲁克斯执导的电影世界史：序幕开场仅用一句话就概括了人类起源：类人猿直立起来，变成了人类。
Would that it were that easy for palaeontologists to sort out.要是古生物学家也能如此轻而易举地阐释人类进化的深奥而莫测的秘密就好了。
The transition to humanity is generally agreed to have occurred between Australopithecus,a genus of small-brained, bipedal primates whose most famous member is a fossil nicknamed Lucy , and the big-brained species Homo erectus.人们普遍认为人类是由南方古猿和直立人之间的某个物种演化而来。
南方古猿头部较小，属双足灵长类动物，其最出名的家族成员是一具被称做露西的化石，比较而言，直立人的头部就大多了。
But pinning down when precisely this took place, and which of the various australopithecinespecies were involved, has been challenging.不过，要想确定准确的人类演化时间和哪些南方古猿物种参预了演化，仍是极具挑战性的课题。
四年级人类起源的演化过程读后感400字
四年级人类起源的演化过程读后感400字**Evolution of Human Origin: A Reflection**Upon reading about the evolutionary process of human origin intended for fourth-grade students, I was deeply impressed by the simplicity and clarity with which a complex subject was presented.The text provided a comprehensive journey through time, highlighting the significant milestones that led to the existence of our species.It was fascinating to learn about the earliest hominids and their gradual transformation into the Homo sapiens we are today.The narrative described the importance of natural selection and adaptation, making these concepts relatable and understandable for young minds.The illustrations and diagrams further enhanced the learning experience, offering a visual representation of our ancestors and the environments they inhabited.The account of the struggle for survival and the development of tools was particularly thought-provoking.It underscored the ingenuity and resilience of early humans, traits that are still evident in our species today.Moreover, the text emphasized the collaborative nature of our ancestors, pointing out that working together was essential for their success and progression.In conclusion, this book not only educated but also inspired.Itinstilled a sense of wonder about our past and the intricate process that led to the rise of humanity.It left me with a deeper appreciation for the scientific inquiry and the continuous quest for knowledge that shapes our understanding of the world.**人类起源的演化过程读后感**在阅读了为四年级学生编写的人类起源演化过程的书籍后，我对其中简明扼要地阐述复杂主题的方式深感赞叹。
人类进化史【英文精品】Human Evolution
“A Brief Overview”
The Argument in Syllogisms
Western Religion
Premise 1 - God created humanity. Premise 2 - Humanity did not evolve. Conclusion 3 - Therefore, there will be no evidence of human evolution.
Do the same laws of evolution apply to human beings?
In a new book, documentary, and promotional Web site, paleontologist Jorn Hurum, who led the team that analyzed the 47-million-year-old fossil seen above, suggests Ida is a critical missinglink species in primate evolution. The fossil, he says, bridges the evolutionary split between higher primates such as monkeys, apes, and humans and their more distant relatives such as lemurs. "This is the first link to all humans," Hurum, of the Natural History Museum in Oslo, Norway, said in a statement. Ida represents "the closest thing we can get to a direct ancestor."
人类起源的演化过程一书主要内容
人类起源的演化过程一书主要内容The evolutionary process of human origins is a fascinating topic that has captivated the interest of scientists and the general public alike. 人类起源的演化过程是一个引人入胜的话题，吸引了科学家和公众的广泛关注。
From the emergence of our earliest hominid ancestors to the development of modern Homo sapiens, the journey of human evolution is one of the most awe-inspiring stories in the natural world. 从最早的古人类祖先的出现到现代智人的发展，人类演化之旅是自然界中最令人敬畏的故事之一。
The study of human evolution encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including genetics, paleontology, anthropology, and archaeology. 人类演化的研究涵盖了广泛的学科，包括遗传学、古生物学、人类学和考古学。
By integrating evidence from these diverse fields, scientists have been able to piece together a comprehensive understanding of how humans came to be the way they are today. 通过整合这些不同领域的证据，科学家们已经能够构建出对人类如今成为现在的方式的全面理解。
人类简史 英文版 词汇量
人类简史英文版词汇量Human History: An OverviewIntroduction:Human history is a vast tapestry of civilizations, cultures, triumphs, and tragedies, stretching back thousands of years. This article aims to provide an overview of the key events and developments that have shaped the course of human history. It explores the milestones, empires, revolutions, and discoveries that have contributed to our current understanding of the world. By delving into the rich tapestry of human experience, we hope to deepen our appreciation for the complexity and progress of the human story.Prehistoric Era:The first chapter in human history begins in the Paleolithic era, when early hominids started using stone tools and mastering fire. Over time, Homo sapiens emerged as the dominant species, harnessing their unique cognitive abilities to thrive and adapt. The development of language enabled humans to communicate, cooperate, and transmit knowledge, leading to the formation of hunter-gatherer communities. Noteworthy prehistoric sites, such as Stonehenge and Lascaux Cave, provide valuable glimpses into the cultures and rituals of our early ancestors.Ancient Civilizations:1. Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt: The cradle of civilization emerged in the fertile river valleys of Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. These early civilizations laid the foundation for complex social structures, advancedagricultural practices, and monumental architecture. The invention of writing systems, such as cuneiform and hieroglyphics, allowed for record-keeping and the establishment of legal codes. The construction of pyramids and ziggurats showcased the power and grandeur of these early empires.2. Indus Valley Civilization: Flourishing along the banks of the Indus River, the Indus Valley Civilization remains an enigma to historians. Its well-planned cities, impressive drainage systems, and sophisticated trade networks suggest a highly organized society. However, the lack of decipherable written records has left much of its history shrouded in mystery.3. Ancient Greece: Ancient Greece gave birth to democracy, philosophy, and the foundation of Western thought. Philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle laid the groundwork for critical thinking and intellectual inquiry. Greek city-states, such as Athens and Sparta, engaged in frequent conflicts but also fostered artistic and cultural achievements that continue to shape our society, including theater, literature, and sculpture.4. Ancient Rome: The rise and fall of the Roman Empire marked a significant turning point in human history. Roman achievements in engineering, law, and governance laid the groundwork for modern civilization. The Pax Romana, a period of relative peace and stability, allowed for the exchange of ideas and cultural diffusion throughout the empire. From the construction of roads and aqueducts to the development of a legal system, Roman contributions continue to impact our daily lives.Medieval and Renaissance Periods:1. The Byzantine Empire: After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire emerged in the east. With its center in Constantinople,it acted as a cultural and economic bridge between the Greco-Roman world and the medieval era. Byzantine art and architecture, characterized by mosaics and domed structures, reflected the empire's rich blend of Roman, Greek, and Eastern influences.2. The Islamic Golden Age: The Islamic Golden Age witnessed a flourishing of knowledge, scientific advancements, and cultural achievements. Scholars from the Islamic world made significant contributions in areas such as mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and literature. Translations of Greek and Roman works preserved classical knowledge and sparked new advancements across Europe.3. The Renaissance: The Renaissance, meaning "rebirth," marked a renewed interest in art, literature, and scientific inquiry in Europe. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo produced masterpieces that embodied humanism and an appreciation for individual creativity. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg revolutionized the spread of knowledge and paved the way for the Scientific Revolution.Modern Era:1. Age of Exploration: The period of European exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries opened up new trade routes, expanded geographical knowledge, and altered the global balance of power. Explorers like Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Ferdinand Magellan embarked on ambitious voyages, leading to cultural exchange, colonization, and the Atlantic slave trade.2. Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution, beginning in the late 18th century, brought about significant technological advancements andtransformed societies through mechanization and factory production. Steam power, the rise of the textile industry, and the invention of the steam engine by James Watt heralded a new age of innovation and economic growth.3. World Wars and Global Conflicts: The 20th century witnessed two devastating world wars that reshaped international politics, led to the rise and fall of ideologies, and resulted in widespread devastation. The horrors of World War II and the atrocities committed during the Holocaust prompted the establishment of the United Nations and efforts to promote global cooperation and prevent future conflicts.Conclusion:Human history is a vast tapestry of triumphs, challenges, and progress. From the emergence of early civilizations to the achievements of modern societies, the story of humanity is one of constant evolution and change. Through the lens of history, we gain insight into our collective past and a deeper understanding of the present. It is essential to reflect on our shared history to build a better future and ensure that the lessons learned are not forgotten.。
第四纪
编辑本段第四纪（距今约166万年）简介劳动创造了人类第四纪英文:Quaternary Period 6500万年前那次生物大灭绝后，地球进入了新生代。
新生代是地球历史的最新阶段，而第四纪是新生代最后一个纪。
第四纪还可以分为更新世、全新世等。
关于其下限一直存在争议，支持较多的有1.8Ma和2.6Ma 。
虽然国际地层委员会推荐的第四纪的下界年龄为1.80Ma，但是由于2.6（开始认为为2.48 ）Ma是黄土开始沉积的年龄，因而我国地质学家，尤其是第四纪地质学家基本都采用后者。
这一时期形成的地层称第四系。
第四系一名是法国学者J.德努瓦耶于1829年提出的（见新生代）。
从第第四纪地质图四纪开始，全球气候出现了明显的冰期和间冰期交替的模式。
第四纪生物界的面貌已很接近于现代。
哺乳动物的进化在此阶段最为明显，而人类的出现与进化则更是第四纪最重要的事件之一。
哺乳动物在第四纪期间的进化主要表现在属种而不是大的类别更新上。
第四纪前一阶段——更新世早期哺乳类仍以偶蹄类、长鼻类与新食肉类等的繁盛、发展为特征，与第三纪的区别在于出现了真象、真马、真牛。
更新世晚期哺乳动物的一些类别和不少属种相继衰亡或灭绝。
到了第四纪的后一阶段——全新世，哺乳动物的面貌已和现代基本一致。
大量的化石资料证明人类是由古猿进化而来的。
古猿与最早的人之间的根本区别在于人能制造工具，特别是制造石器。
从制造工具开始的劳动使人类根本区别于其它一切动物，劳动创造了人类。
另一个主要特点是人能直立行走。
从古猿开始向人的方向发展的时间，一般认为至少在1000万年以前。
第四第四纪-历史版本纪的海生无脊椎动物仍以双壳类、腹足类、小型有孔虫、六射珊瑚等占主要地位。
陆生无脊椎动物仍以双壳类、腹足类、介形类为主。
其它脊椎动物中真骨鱼类和鸟类继续繁盛，两栖类和爬行类变化不大。
高等陆生植物的面貌在第四纪中期以后已与现代基本一致。
由于冰期和间冰期的交替变化，逐渐形成今天的寒带、温带、亚热带和热带植物群。
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Myth & history
The Epic of Gilgamesh
Gilgamesh Enkidu
2100 BCE
mythopoeic
II. Neolithic Revolution
A. End of an era
1. Climate change
Pleistocene Overkill
2. Ice age tech
- “big four”
C. I should have stayed on the farm
1. Domestication 2. Horticulture
10-8000 BCE
8000 BCE 7-5000BCE
3. Animal husbandry
D. Settlement:
1. Risks
12,000-10,000 BCE
The Agricultural (neolithic) Revolution
ca. 9,000 – 5000 BCE
B. The Fertile Crescent
1. Nutritious plants
- cereal grains
2. Cooperative animals
rewards & risks
Gilgamesh
- disease - malnutrition - loss of mobility - vulnerability - exploitation - gender inequities Sex at Dawn (2010), Ryan & Jethá
I. Internal and External
Evolution
First step toward civil Nhomakorabeazation
Homo sapiens ca. 200K BCE ↓ Civilization ca. 3500 BCE Civilization is a by-product of human evolution
B. The Pleistocene Era:
Ice, Ice, Baby
- migration - “cold filter” 1.6M-10K BCE
1. Hidden uses of adversity
2. Fresh meat!
- community - protein
C. The Paleolithic Revolution
…development of the human mind …response to environmental change
A. Paleolithic
1. 1 – 2.5 M Homo habilis and erectus ↓ ↓ Homo sapiens (200K)
“thinking man”
2. Rewards
- surpluses, material + intellect - time = creativity → complexity CIVILIZATION
“Sticky”
Egyptians, ca. 2000 BCE
Edouard Manet, At the Bar of Folies Bergè re 1882
2. Dispersal
- Multiregional theory multiple
- Out of Africa theory one branch
3. Hoppin’ hominids
approx. time approx. #
200K BC 70K BC 1700 CE 2012 CE
–1M – 10,000 (Toba Super-eruption) –1B –7B
Hominids to Humanity
The Unbinding of Isaac
The mythopoeic past
Our Humanity Emerges
The “precondition” of civilization - faith in the unseen “higher law” - value of human life - strength of love - exercise of free will
1. Neanderthals
- 500-30K (?)
Abstractions
2. Cro-Magnon - sapiens sapiens
Lascaux
40-10K
3. They are us (anatomically & intellectually “modern”)...
…but we’re more sophisticated