A2 - SATA SAS 6G最新物理层测试方法

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IDE、SATA、SCSI、SAS、FC、SSD硬盘类型

IDE、SATA、SCSI、SAS、FC、SSD硬盘类型

IDE、SATA、SCSI、SAS、FC、SSD硬盘类型IDE磁盘================IDE(Integrated Drive Electronics), 本意是指把控制器与盘体集成在⼀起的硬盘驱动器,是⼀种硬盘的传输接⼝, 有另⼀个名称叫做ATA(Advanced Technology Attachment),指的是相同的东西。

特点:⼀般使⽤16-bit数据总线, 每次总线处理时传送2个字节。

PATA接⼝⼀般是100Mbytes/sec带宽,数据总线必须锁定在50MHz,为了减⼩滤波设计的复杂性,PATA使⽤Ultra总线,通过“双倍数据⽐率”或者2个边缘(上升沿和下降沿)时钟机制⽤来进⾏DMA传输。

这样在数据滤波的上升沿和下降沿都采集数据,就降低⼀半所需要的滤波频率。

这样带宽就是:25MHz 时钟频率x 2 双倍时钟频率x 16 位/每⼀个边缘/ 8 位/每个字节= 100 Mbytes/sec。

优点:⾃问世以来,⼀直以其价廉、稳定性好、标准化程度⾼等特点,深得⼴⼤中低端⽤户的青睐,甚⾄在某些⾼端应⽤领域,如服务器应⽤中也有⼀定的市场。

缺点:随着CPU时钟频率和内存带宽的不断提升,其接⼝协议PATA(Paralle ATA)逐渐显现出不⾜来。

⼀⽅⾯,硬盘制造技术的成熟使ATA硬盘的单位价格逐渐降低,另⼀⽅⾯,由于采⽤并⾏总线接⼝,传输数据和信号的总线是复⽤的,因此传输速率会受到⼀定的限制。

如果要提⾼传输的速率,那么传输的数据和信号往往会产⽣⼲扰,从⽽导致错误。

在当今的许多⼤型企业中,PATA现有的传输速率已经逐渐不能满⾜⽤户的需求。

SATA磁盘==================SATA(Serial ATA)⼝的硬盘⼜叫串⼝硬盘. SATA以它串⾏的数据发送⽅式得名。

在数据传输的过程中,数据线和信号线独⽴使⽤,并且传输的时钟频率保持独⽴,因此同以往的PATA相⽐,SATA的传输速率可以达到并⾏的30倍。

6G SAS/SATA优化的业界首款高性能中继器

6G SAS/SATA优化的业界首款高性能中继器

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SATA硬盘检测修复及MHDD的一些使用详解

SATA硬盘检测修复及MHDD的一些使用详解

SATA硬盘检测修复及MHDD的一些使用详解关于PA TA硬盘的测试和修复工具,可能很多人会选择效率源软件,因为它易用,直观,检测出硬盘有坏道的时候,能显示出坏道的位置,并能进行修复。

但是如果是SATA硬盘,由于在启动效率源工具的过程中无法加载SATA驱动,无法进入到软件界面,或者进入到软件界面的时候,选择硬盘全面检测提示无法找到硬盘。

在网络上搜索一番后,终于找到一款不错的硬盘检测修复工具,大名为MHDD,是由俄罗斯的“司机”们开发的,它的功能不是很强大,而是非常的强大,而且有免费版的(此工具光盘版可从VERYCD上下载,在深山红叶windows PE系统工具盘有包含此工具)。

比起一般的硬盘表面扫描,MHDD 有非常快的扫描速度,一块80G的硬盘只要几十分钟就可以扫描完成,支持PATA、SATE、SCSI接口的硬盘,可以深入硬盘修复坏道、磁性逆转、假死回复、调整转速等功能。

MHDD的工作原理上网查了一下,是先扫描硬盘后,会顺便列出每个磁簇的读写速度,接着再去修复这些读写速度太慢的磁簇,除了修复坏道的功能外,MHDD还能调整硬盘的转速,控制噪音,也可以手动标记坏道,将损坏严重的硬盘区域隐藏起来,避免以后使用。

此外,MHDD还能够对硬盘进行低级清除的操作,让想要卖掉硬盘的你不必担心硬盘中的数据被其他人盗用。

功能就不再说了,反正一句话,MHDD 它太有才了,现将它的使用方法整理出来。

一、MHDD工具的简单应用MHDD有两种修复模式,用光盘或软盘启动工具成功以后,按shift+F3选择要修复的硬盘,按相应硬盘对应的数字键后,然后按F4,出来一个对话框,第一项选择维修模式,简单的说就是一般维修模式和高级维修模式,如果坏道少,先用一般模式扫一遍,再用高级模式扫一遍。

其它所有选成ON的选项都选成ON,除了倒数第2项外。

如果坏道比较多,先用一般模式多扫几遍,再用高级模式扫一遍,这样修复成功率会比较高。

在坏道特别多的情况下,不要直接用高级模式进行扫描,会导致MHDD不认的,就是说直接用高级模式的话,一次好不了,再用MHDD的话,就认不到了。

串行数据物理层一致性测试系列之一

串行数据物理层一致性测试系列之一

串行数据物理层一致性测试系列之一一致性测试(compliance test)是PC行业为了满足PC的大规模生产所必须的、遵循相关电性能指标的step by step的测试。

以上是我个人对一致性测试的定义。

一致性测试的终极目的本不是为了产生测试报告,而是为了确保产品的一些关键接口的电性能指标满足要求,但在实际中,这种测试的终极目的似乎只为了产生测试报告。

一致性测试的自动化程度要求很高,希望操作过程越“傻瓜”越好。

一致性测试的测试项目繁多,我们往往不明白为什么要测试某些项目,更搞不明白这些项目差了一点会对产品的性能产生什么影响,譬如幅度对称性测试,要求正负幅度之差为5%以内,但如果测试出来的结果是幅值正负差为5.5%,怎么办?由于一致性测试的要求测试项目很多,在产品的开发调试阶段重点关注一些关键项目,如眼图、抖动测量。

一致性测试的一些共性问题有:示波器如何选择(示波器的带宽问题),理解各种测试项目的含义,如何将信号引到示波器(探头和夹具问题),如何使DUT发出测试码型(发包问题),测试报告,等等。

图一所示为一典型PC主板包括各种串行总线:PCI Express,SATA,FBDIMM,SAS,UWB,HDMI,USB,Ethernet(只是示意,标识的具体位置可能不对)。

此外,还有和HDMI相竞争的总线Display Port。

现在最热的当然是USB3.0。

各种总线都有自己的组织。

和这些组织搞好关系对于仪器厂家至关重要。

当然,这些组织的老大是Intel。

因此,和Intel搞好关系对于仪器厂家更是至关重要的。

下面我们列出这些组织及LeCroy目前和这些组织的关系。

1,LeCroy 是UNH -IOL组织(负责以太网)的特别贡献会员。

2,USB-IF很多年前就认证了LeCroy的测试方案,力科的2GHz 以上示波器都获得了认证。

下面是网站链接和拷屏截图:3,PCI-SIG很多年前就已批准了LeCroy的方案作为推荐方案,第四代示波器刚发布不久就批准为PCI-E 2.0的推荐方案。

高速串行总线的常用测试码型

高速串行总线的常用测试码型

高速串行总线的常用测试码型本文讨论了高速串行链路中常用的测试码型伪随机码流的原理,以及不同的测试码型对物理层测试结果的影响。

高速串行总线的常用测试码型在当今的电信和计算机产品上,相比传统的并行总线,电路中的串行总线越来越多,速率越来越快。

比如通信产品中的10GBase-KR、CPRI2代,计算机中的PCIeGen2、SATA6G,存储产品中的SAS6G、FC8.5G,这些串行总线都陆续的跨过了5Gbps。

由于速率比较高,使得串行总线上的相关的收发器芯片(SERDES)、连接器、单板、背板的设计面临着越来越多的挑战。

对于这些高速串行总线的物理层测试,测试码型的选用至关重要,在很多串行总线的规范中对测试码型有严格的要求。

本文将对此进行探讨。

首先,串行总线的物理层测试通常分为发射机测试和接收机测试,又称为TX测试和RX测试。

发射机测试通常包括眼图、抖动、信号波形、幅度、上升下降时间等测试项目,接收机测试通常包括误码率、抖动容限、接收机灵敏度等测试项目。

对于眼图测试、误码率和抖动容限测试,最常用的测试码是伪随机码(PseudoRandomBinarySequence,简称PRBS),主要有PRBS7、PRBS15、PRBS23和PRBS31。

除了PRBS以外,K28.5、1010、CJPAT等码型在很多串行总线的物理层测试中都很常用,特别是计算机上的串行标准(比如SATA、USB3.0、SAS)的测试码型有所不同,在本文中主要讨论最常用的测试码型——PRBS。

PRBS的实现方法顾名思义,PRBS是伪随机码流,在其码流中包括了所有可能出现的比特组合,而且其出现的概率是相同的。

PRBS信号是由PRBS码型发生器生成的。

PRBS发生器通常是由线性反馈移位寄存器(LinearFeedbackShiftRegister,简称LFSR)和异或电路组成。

如下图1所示为最简单的PRBS3的码型发生器,其多项式为X3+X2+1,即寄存器的第3位与第2位做异或(XOR)的逻辑运算后返回到寄存器的第1位,寄存器的第3位X3同时也是PRBS3发生器的输出。

高性能 6Gb s 和 12Gb s SAS SATA 硬盘阵列主机适配器用户手册说明书

高性能 6Gb s 和 12Gb s SAS SATA 硬盘阵列主机适配器用户手册说明书

RocketRAID 2700 PCI-Express 2.0 x8HBA seriesSAS/SATA 6Gb/s RAID Host AdaptersUser’s GuideRevision: 2.3Jul. 23, 2015HighPoint Technologies, Inc.CopyrightCopyright © 2012 HighPoint Technologies, Inc. This document contains materials protected by International Copyright Laws. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced, transmitted or transcribed in any form and for any purpose without the express written permission of HighPoint Technologies, Inc.TrademarksCompanies and products mentioned in this manual are for identification purpose only. Product names or brand names appearing in this manual may or may not be registered trademarks or copyrights of their respective owners. Backup your important data before using HighPoint's products and use at your own risk. In no event shall HighPoint be liable for any loss of profits, or for direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages arising from any defect or error in HighPoint's products or manuals. Information in this manual is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of HighPoint.NoticeReasonable effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. HighPoint assumes no liability for technical inaccuracies, typographical, or other errors contained herein.TABLE OF CONTENTS1 FEATURES AND SPECIFICATIONS (4)2 Physical Specifications (5)3 Kit Contents (5)4 Hardware Description and Installation (6)4.1 RocketRAID 272x/271x Host Adapter board layout (6)4.2 Connector and Jumper description: (7)4.3 Installing the RocketRAID Host Adapter (7)4.4 Verifying Installation (8)5 RocketRAID BIOS Utility (9)5.1 BIOS Settings Overview (9)5.2 Using the BIOS Utility (9)5.3 BIOS Commands (9)5.4 Creating RAID Arrays (10)5.5 Deleting Arrays (13)5.6 Adding/Remove Spare Disks (13)5.7 Settings (14)6 HighPoint Software CD (15)7 RocketRAID 272x/271x Driver Installation (16)7.1 Driver installation -Windows (16)7.2 Driver installation -Linux and FreeBSD (19)8 HighPoint Web RAID Management software (20)8.1 Installing the Web RAID Management software (20)8.2 Installing OS X Driver and Web RAID Management Software (21)8.3 Starting Using the Web RAID Management Software (21)9 Thank You (22)10 CUSTOMER SUPPORT (23)HighPoint RocketRAID 272x/271x – PCI-Express 2.0RocketRAID 272x/271x Host AdaptersThe RocketRAID 272x/271x host adapters are high-performance SAS RAID solutions, delivering reliability to demanding data-intensive applications such as tiered storage environments, security and surveillance, video editing, and digital content creation.Support for both 6Gb/s SAS and SATA drives on the same controller maintains configuration optimization for performance based on the characteristics of SAS and SATA drives available today.HighPoint RAID Management HighPoint RAID Management software offers a user friendly interface to create, manage and maintain your storage solutions. Email notification and remote are some of the advance features that the RAID Management software has to offer.1 Features and SpecificationsHost Adapter Architecture•PCI-Express x8 (Gen2)•Support up to 4/8 SAS/SATA drives• 1 Internal Mini-SAS Connectors (SFF-8087) (RocketRAID 2710)• 1 External Mini-SAS Connector(SFF-8808) (RocketRAID 2711)• 2 Internal Mini-SAS Connectors (SFF-8087) (RocketRAID 2720)• 1 External Mini-SAS Connector (SFF-8088) / 1 Internal Mini-SAS Connector (SFF-8087) (RocketRAID 2721)• 2 External Mini-SAS Connectors (SFF-8088) (RocketRAID 2722)•Hot Swap and hot plug•Low Profile•RoHS complaintAdvanced RAID Features•Supports RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, 10,50 and JBOD•NCQ (Native Command Queuing)•Auto detect of unplug/plug SAS/SATA hard drive for RAID auto rebuild•Staggered drive spin up•HDD bad sector repair and remapping•Support Disk Scrubbing•BIOS Booting (INT13) to RAID array for better redundancy•64bit LBA for RAID arrays greater than 2TB single partition•S.M.A.R.T array monitoring for hard drive status and reliabilityArray Monitors, Alerts and Indicators•Hard Drive LED Indicators (Activity and Failed) (except RocketRAID 2711/2722)•SMTP email notification for events and error reporting•Alarm/Buzzer alerts for drive/array failure•SAF-TE (I2C) and SGPIO enclosure managementRAID Management•Online Capacity Expansion (OCE) and Online RAID Level Migration (ORLM) forWindows/Linux/FreeBSD•Quick and Background initialization for instant RAID access•API library for customization•CLI (Command Line Interface) for Linux and FreeBSD•Web GUI RAID management (local and remote monitoring)•Online array roaming•SHI (Drive analysis driven from S.M.A.R.T)HighPoint RAID Management (HRM)•Hot key (ctrl-h) boot-up RAID manager via BIOS•Web browser-based RAID management software (Web GUI)•Command Line Interface (CLI)Operating System Support•Windows 7, 8, 8.1, 10 / Windows Server 2008, 2012•Linux (Fedora Core, Red Hat Enterprise / CentOS, SuSE, Debian, Ubuntu)•FreeBSD•OS X (for RocketRAID 2711, 2721 and 2722 only)2 Physical SpecificationsDimensions:Size: 96.3mm X 65.0mm (RocketRAID 2710/2720)Size: 120.0mm X 68.0mm (RocketRAID 2711/2721/2722)EMI: FCC Part 15 Class B and CEThermal and Atmospheric Characteristics:Work Temperature Range: +5 C ~+ 55 CRelative Humidity Range: 5% ~ 60% non-condensingStorage Temperature: -20 ~ +80 CMTBF: 920,585 HoursElectrical Characteristics:PCI-E 3.3V 12VPower 4W max 1W max3 Kit Contents•RocketRAID Host Adapter•Quick Installation Guide•HighPoint Software CD•Low-profile bracket4 H4.1 R ardware DRocketRAID DescriptioD 272x/271x on and Instx Host Adap tallationpter board l layoutRocketRAID 2720RocketRAID 2721RocketRAID 2710RocketRAID 27114.2 CConnector /descriptionJ1A1 or A2F1 or F2BEEP1PORT1~ POR (Mini-SAS Po A 4.3 I Note The R the lo 1.O 2.R 3. 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Window age for theindowsws setup8 HighPoint Web RAID Management SoftwareThe HighPoint RAID Management software provides RAID configuration and management features. The software can be installed from the HighPoint software CD. Browse to the location of the HighPoint RAID Management software.8.1 Installing the Web RAID Management SoftwareWindows1.Software location (RocketRAID Software CD):/HighPoint RAID Management Software/Web RAID Management/Windows2.Double click the “setup.exe” setup program to install the management software.3.After the setup is completed, double click the program shortcut on the Windows desktop to runHighPoint RAID Management software:Linux -Red Hat Enterprise/CentOS, Fedora Core, Open SuSELinux operating systems that support .rpm packages, allow you to double-click the HighPoint Web RAID Management .rpm file to start the installation process.1.Software location (RocketRAID Software CD):/HighPoint RAID Management Software/Web RAID Management/Linux2.Extract the .tbz file to the desktop, and browse to the appropriate .rpm file (there are 32 and 64-bitoptions).3.Double click the .rpm file – this should open the operating systems software installer. Enter theAdministrative password when prompted and proceed with installation.4.The package can also be installed manually, using a terminal. Log on in as “root”, open a terminal, andbrowse to the location of the .rpm file. Run the following command:5.# rpm -i hptsvr-https-1.4-10.i386.rpm (or hptsvr-https-1.4-10.x86_64.rpm)Linux -Debian/Ubuntu Linux DistributionsFor Debian/Ubuntu Linux distributions, you can use alien to convert the rpmpackages to a .deb package, then use "dpkg -i" command to install eachpackage. Some script files may be lost during the conversion process from rpm to .deb,so you may need to make manual corrections. .The following files will be installed/configured:/usr/bin/hptsvr - service program/etc/hptcfg - service config file/etc/rc.d/init.d/hptdaemon - service control script/usr/share/hpt/webguiroot - data filesIf there is no /etc/hptcfg present, you can add it manually using by using the “echo” command on the driver file name to /etc/hptcfg.For example:# echo hptiop.ko>/etc/hptcfgUninstalling the UtilityOpen a terminal, and use the following command:# rpm -e hptsvr-https8.2 Installing OS X Driver and Web RAID Management SoftwareThe RocketRAID 2711/2721/2722 is compatible with Mac OS X. The OS X software package includes the driver and Web GUI management utility.Please check for the latest software/driver packages.Driver updates are posted on the card’s product page, under the “Download Center” section.Please refer to the Installation Guide under the software package folder for installation steps.8.3 Starting Using the Web RAID Management SoftwarePlease refer to the online help of “How to Use Web RAID Management Software”:/help/9 Thank YouThank you for purchasing the RocketRAID 272x/271x SAS/SATA RAID Host adapter. We appreciate your support, and welcome any questions, comments or product suggestions you may have.10 Customer SupportIf you encounter any problems while utilizing RocketRAID series host adapters, or have any questions about this or any other HighPoint Technologies, Inc. product, feel free to contact our Customer Support Department.HighPoint Technologies, Inc. websites:/Web Support:/websupport/。

SATA3.0协议物理层握手模块设计与验证

SATA3.0协议物理层握手模块设计与验证吴从中;但德东;刘盛中【摘要】SATA3.0协议因为传输速度快、抗干扰能力强等优点成为面向未来的高速大容量硬盘数据传输标准。

文章在Xilinx Virtex-5系列FPGA硬件平台上,通过配置高速串行IO-GTX ,调整OOB信号的占空比以适应SATA3.0 OOB信号时序要求,实现了OOB信号的产生与检测。

在分析主机与设备物理层握手过程的基础上,创建了系统的状态机模型,并设计了系统的GTX闭环测试和OOB信号状态机测试的测试方案。

测试结果验证了模型的正确性,实现了主机与设备的握手过程,为SATA3.0接口的固态硬盘开发奠定基础。

%SATA3.0 protocol is becoming a transmission standard of high-speed and high-capacity stor-age medium hard disk in the future because of its advantages such as high speed ,strong anti-interfer-ence and so on .In this paper ,Virtex-5’s high-speed serial IO-GTX is configured to implement the generation and detection of out of band (OOB) signal by adjusting the duty ratio of the OOB signal to adapt the timing requirements of SATA3.0 OOB signal on the hardware platform of Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA .Based on the analysis of the handshake between the physical layers of host and device ,the state machine model of the system is created and the test scheme of the system including the GTX closed-loop test and the OOB signal state machine test is also designed .T he test results verify the va-lidity of the model proposed in the paper .This study achieves the handshake between host and device and paves the way for the development of solid state disk with SATA 3 interface .【期刊名称】《合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)》【年(卷),期】2014(000)005【总页数】5页(P604-608)【关键词】SATA3.0协议;带外技术;GTX闭环测试;物理层握手;测试方案【作者】吴从中;但德东;刘盛中【作者单位】合肥工业大学计算机与信息学院,安徽合肥 230009;合肥工业大学计算机与信息学院,安徽合肥 230009;合肥工业大学计算机与信息学院,安徽合肥 230009【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TN702SATA(Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)是一种串行接口标准,主要用于传输主机与硬盘之间的数据[1]。

SATA & SAS 应用、测试及差异分析

第1頁ㄧ. SATA & SAS 介紹二. SATA 的主要應用三. SAS 的主要應用四. SATA cable / connector 的測試規格及差異五. SAS cable / connector 的測試規格及差異第2頁ㄧ. SATA & SAS 介紹1●演化2●SATA ( Serial ATA ) 發展時程3●何謂SATA II4●何謂SAS ( Serial Attached SCSI )5●SAS 纜線和連接器與SATA 裝置完全相容?6●系統架構圖第3頁n隨著CPU 頻率和記憶體頻寬的不斷提升,以及電腦對成本敏感度越來越高,兩種主要的並行技術ATA 和SCSI 逐漸顯現出不足。

於是,串列( Serial )介面技術孕育而生。

Ultra133 SATA I / II eSATA(Extemal Serial ATA)Ultra 320SAS 4i133Mb/s320Mb/s150/300Mb/s150/300Mb/s12Gb/s1.全新的架構2.更快的傳輸速率3.較低的成本4.相容性第4頁Serial ATA 訊號發展時程表●SATA (Serial SATA)發展時程第5頁請注意SATA II 不只是每秒傳輸速度可達3Gb/s 。

SATA 產品命名參考表簡單來說,可以支援3Gb/s ,NCQ ,熱拔插,硬碟循序啟動功能,即可之為SATA II 硬碟所以第二代SATA 格不只是每秒傳輸速度可達3Gb/s 。

第6頁●1.SAS 是一種磁碟連接技術2.結合SCSI 的優點:可靠性及豐富和成熟指令集3.顯著的擴充性4.相容性第7頁●SAS 纜線和連接器與SATA 裝置完全相容?SATA PlugSAS Plug(反面)SATA SocketSAS-29P Plug第8頁●系統架構圖在SATA 系統架構中,每一個系統將會包含三個部分:.Hosts .Devices.Interconnects傳輸系統架構第9頁1.SATA 內部1 lane2.SATA 內部4 lane1.4-Lane 直接連接( 4 x 1 –1 x 4 )2.4-Lane 透過Backplane 連接( 4 x 1 –4 x 1 )3.“Short ”Backplane to Device4.“Long ”Backplane to Device3.SATA System to System Interconnects-Data centerApplications(外部4 對線)4.SATA System to System Interconnects –External DesktopApplications (外部1 對線)第10頁˙SATA Internal 1 meter Cabled H o st to DeviceInternal 1 meter Cabled Host to Device Application此處所使用的CABLE 就是SATA1.0裡面所談及的cable 架構Gen 1iGen 1m Gen 1x Gen 2i Gen 2mGen 2x第11頁˙SATA Internal 4 -lane Cable˙Internal 4-Lane 直接與Host controller Board 連接,且Device 端為四個獨立的Single Lane cable.Internal 4-Lane to 4 Single Lane cable.PC 主機板Device第12頁Internal 4-lane to backplane●則必須透過backplane 與四個devices 連接.第13頁System to System Interconnects˙SATA System to SystemInterconnects-Data center applicationsExternal Multi-Lane Cable第14頁此一應用須符合的相關要求如下:˙cable/connector 必須同時支援Gen1及Gen2的傳輸速度.˙Host 及Device 至少都必須支援使用Gen1的傳輸速度及Gen1m 的規格.˙當Host system 及Device Enclosure 都支援Gen2的速度及Gen2m 的規格時,也必須支援Gen1的速度及Gen1m 的規格.˙Host 及Device 都必須支援Hot Plug 的功能.˙建議Host 及Device 端的收發器都具備Gen1m 及Gen2m 的AC Coupling 功能.External Single-Lane Cable第15頁三. SAS 的主要應用1.內部SAS Single /Dual Port 的應用2.內部SAS 4i 的相關應用1.Controller to Backplane2.Controller to Controller:3.Controller to SAS 或SATA Device4.4個SAS Controller to SAS backplane3.外部SAS 4x 的相關應用第16頁Single / Dual-port SAS Drive cable ˙SAS 內部Single /Dual Port cable and Backplane 環境下使用於Drive的應用前第17頁˙內部SAS 4i 的相關應用SAS 4i 在應用上可以分成:˙Controller to Backplane :˙Controller to Controller :˙Controller to SAS 或SATA Device :˙4個SAS Controller to SAS backplane :4i/mini 4i 4i/mini 4i 4i/mini 4i 4i/mini 4i4i/mini 4i4i/mini 4i頁第19頁SAS 外部Cable 使用環境˙外部SAS 4x 的相關應用SAS 4x 應用:第20頁SAS 4x connector 1.Key4-->使用於末端裝置End device2.Key2-->使用於Enclosure out port,3.Key6-->使用於Enclosure in port Enclosure Key 4Key 6Key 4Key 2第21頁四. SATA cable / connector 的測試規格及差異1.SATA 內部之2.SATA 外部之Single-Lane˙外部Single -Lane 與內部3.SATA 外部˙外部Multi -Lane 與外部第22頁˙SATA 內部之Single Lane & Mult-Lane cable & connector第23頁第24頁SATA Single –Lane Connector ˙SATA Single 與eSATA Single 參數測試差異eSATA Single –Lane Connector第25頁eSATA Multi-Lane Cable / Connector˙e SATAMulti-Lane Cable / Connector:第26頁eSATA Multi-Lane 與eSATA Single -Lane 差異第27頁五. SAS cable / connector1.內部Single / Dual Port cable and Connector˙SAS 內部Single / Dual-port 與SATA Single 2.內部SAS 4 -Lane ( 4i )3.外部SAS 4 -˙SAS Internal 4i 與第28頁Dual-port SAS cable/ connector˙內部Single / Dual Port cable and Connector第29頁SAS 內部Single / Dual-port 與SATA Single 參數測試差異˙SAS 內部Single / Dual –port 與SATA Single 參數測試差異第30頁SAS 4i cable/connector 參數測試規格-1˙內部SAS 4i第31頁SAS 4i cable / connector 參數測試規格-2第32頁SAS 4x cable / connector 參數測試規格-1˙外部SAS 4x第33頁SAS 4x cable / connector 參數測試規格-2第34頁。

SATA测试常见问题总结-2

SATA测试常见问题总结-2QUESTION:在SATA 的接收端容限测试中如何使被测件进入环回模式?ANSWER:主要有两种方法:可以通过芯片厂商提供的控制工具使被测件进入环回模式,也可以通过信号发生器或者协议分析仪通过协商使被测件进入环回模式。

QUESTION:在SATA 的接收端容限测试中的测试时间是依据什么选择的?ANSWER:SATA 总线要求的系统误码率要小于1E-12,因此需要累积大量的数据bit 才能确保其接收误码率可以达到这个要求,比如测试中如果累积3E+12 个数据bit 仍然没有误码就可以在95%置信度的情况下保证系统误码率小于1E-12。

但是累积大量的数据需要花费大量时间,因此SATA 的测试规范对此做了折衷。

QUESTION:SAS 和SATA 有什么区别?ANSWER:SATA 是传统IDE 硬盘的串行版本,承载的是ATA 协议,主要针对个人电脑应用;而SAS(Serial Attached SCSI)是传统SCSI 硬盘的串行版本,承载的是SCSI 协议,主要针对企业级、服务器的应用。

SAS 和SATA 采用类似的物理层,但是连接器不一样,其数据速率可以为3Gbps 或者6Gbps,同时12Gbps 的SAS 标准也在制定中。

一般SAS 硬盘的转速和平均寻道时间比SATA 硬盘要快,平均无故障时延也要更长。

同时SAS 在数据恢复、纠错等方面比SATA 更加复杂和可靠。

QUESTION:SAS 的信号质量测试怎么进行?ANSWER:类似于SATA 测试,但是需要另外的夹具和测试软件。

比如Agilent 公司的N5412C SAS 信号一致性测试软件以及N5421A 测试夹具等。

SATA SAS 一致性测试

Serial ATA and Serial SCSI Physical Layer TestingSATA and SAS Industry OverviewParallel to Serial Migrationf In Desktop, parallel interface would be replaced by SATAf In Enterprise computing, Ultra SCSI would be replaced by SASSATA and SAS Data Rate f SATA– 1.5 Gbps and 3 Gbps data rate–Planned for 6Gbps–Both AC and DC coupling allowed–Spread Spectrum clockingf SAS– 1.5 Gbps, 3.0Gbpsdata rates–Planned for 6 and 12Gbps–No spread spectrum clocking–AC coupling onlyApplicationsf Characterize the physical layer design of SATA and SASTechnologies–Jitter measurements–Parametric measurements–Protocol testing between Host Bus adapter and Drives (Devices)–Impedance AnalysisSerial ATA Usage Modelf Usage model for SATA I–Gen1i, Gen1m, Gen1Xf Usage Model for SATA II–Gen2i, Gen2m, Gen2Xf Measurements are same butlimit values will vary Gen 1i/2i Gen1m/2m Gen1X/2XMeasurements in SATAf General Measurements at TX and Rx–Bit Rate–Unit Intervalf Measurements at TX and RxTransmitter Gen1i Gen1x Gen2i Gen2x V dif f TX, TX Differential Output Voltage9999t20-80TX, TX Rise/Fall Time9999t skewTX, TX Differential Skew9999 AC Common Mode Voltage9999SATA Measurementsf Jitter Measurements at TX and RXSATAParametersTransmitter Gen1i Gen1x Gen2i Gen2x TJ at Connector, Data-Data, 5UI9X X XDJ at Connector,Data-Data, 5UI9X X XTJ at Connector, Data-Data, 250UI9X X XDJ at Connector, Data-Data, 250UI9X X XTJ at Connector, Clk-Data, f BAUD/10X X9XDJ at Connector, Clk-Data, f BAUD/10X X9XTJ at Connector, Clk-Data, f BAUD/500X X9XDJ at Connector, Clk-Data, f BAUD/500X X9XTJ after CIC, Clk-Data, f BAUD/1667X9X9 DJ after CIC, Clk-Data, f BAUD/1667X9X9SATA Measurementsf Communication Initiation testing between HBA and Drives–COMINIT–COMWAKE–COMRESETSerial Attached SCSIIRCRXR ITCTXTReceive eye mask 999888Max/Min rise and fall time 888999Skew 999999Total Jitter 999888Deterministic Jitter 999888Receiver Jitter ToleranceSinusoidal Jitter999888Deterministic Jitter 999888Total Jitter 999888OOB timing measurements 999999SAS 1.5Gbps & 3GbpsParmetersI Initiator, C Target, X ExpanderProductSATA Measurement Techniquesf AWG Method–AWG provides stimulus–SATA/SAS Device generate ALIGN Test patternsf BIST FIS (Built In Self Test Frame Information Structure)Method–Test software places the SATA/SAS devices in Test mode–Test Software stimulates SATA/SAS device to generate different Test patternsAWG Method Test Setupf AWG provides the stimulusf AWG is controlled usingLAN/GPIB control fromOscilloscope using SSTf Initially AWG files needs to bemanually loadedf Manual method is feasibleBIST FIS Test Method f BIST FIS software triggersHBA/Device to generate testpatternf BIST FIS software is vendorspecificf AWG Not RequiredParametric Measurementsf Differential Voltagef Rise/Fall Timef Differential Skewf Common mode Voltagef Eye Diagram analysisf Unit Intervalf Bit rateMinimum Differential Voltage Measurementf Measured for bits in representative data patternsf SATA WG recommends to make this using HFTP, MFTP and LBP orLFTP test patternsf Voltage level is measured at O.45UI to O.55 UIComputing Minimum Differential Voltage f To Compute V diff min–Using LBP (Lone Bit Pattern); Also called option 1 WG specs –Compute A and B, similar to UH–Compute VTestLBPVtestLBP=A-BVTest=Min(VtestLBP, DHM)–Test for minimum amplitude is passedVtest> Vdiff(Min)–Follow option 2 using LFTP; If LBP pattern is not a available –Ensure there are greater than 100 hits in the histogram and 1537(s/(X))2<= n–Compute A, B, C, D, E, F using Low frequency test pattern – A and B are similar to UH–C,D, E, F are mean of the voltage samples in the histogramHigh Frequency Test Pattern (HFTP)f Step 1 & 2f High Frequency Test Pattern–010101010101010101010101Bit 11UIBit 0Histogram window 0.45UI to 0.55UI Compute UHHistogram window 0.45UI to 0.55UI Compute LHMedium Frequency Test Pattern (MFTP)f Step 3 & 4f MFTP Pattern–00110011001100110011Histogram window 0.45UI to 0.55UI Compute UMBit 11UIBit 1Histogram window 0.45UI to 0.55UI Compute LMBit 0Bit 0Lone Bit Test Pattern for 1 bit f Option #1; Step 6f LBP Pattern–1101000010001101101111010000100011011011000100011011010Histogram window Compute ALone Bit Pattern (LBP) for 0 Bitf Option #1 1; Step 7f Lone Bit Pattern–001101101111010000100011011011110100010110111101000Histogram window Compute BPattern (LFTP)f Option #2; Step 6f LFTP 01111000111000011100Histogram Window Compute A00111000011 110Pattern (LFTP)f Option #2; Step 7f LFTP 01111000111000011100Histogram window Compute B00111000011 110Pattern (LFTP)f Option #2; Step 8f LFTP 0111100011100001110000111000011110Histogram window Compute CPattern (LFTP)f Option #2; Step 9f LFTP 0111100011100001110000111000011110Histogram window Compute DPattern (LFTP)f Option #2; Step 10f LFTP 01111000111000011100110001110000110Histogram window Compute E Histogram Window Compute FTesting for Maximum Differential Voltage Amplitudef Test needs to be carried out using LFTP and MFTP test pattern f High Test–IN LFTP, Use 4th1 bit in a string of 4 1 bits–IN MFTP, use 1st1 bit in a string of 2 1 bitsf Low test–IN LFTP, Use 4th0 bit in a string of 4 0 bits–IN MFTP, use 1st0 bit in a string of 2 0 bitsf Compute different parameters such as–NU, nu, NL and nlf Compute pu and plHigh Test Using LFTPNumber of hits nu11000111000 110 Number of hits NUGNDHigh Test Using MFTPNumber of hits nu Number of Hits NUGND1100Low Test Using LFTP0Number of hits nl11000111000110Number of hits NLGNDLow Test Using MFTPNumber of hits NLGND1100Number of Hits nlComputing pu & pl and Checking for Limitsf Computepu=nu/(nu+NUP)pl=nl/(nl+NL)f Maximum amplitude is passed ifpu<0.05pl<0.05f Test should pass for LFTP and MFTPDifferential Voltage Measurement in Opt. SSTf Captures a test patternf Identifies each test pattern segmentf Overlaps each test patternf Identifies the relevant UI and places histogramf Checks for different conditions recommended by SATA WG f Computes the different parameters as per SATA WGf Offers pass or fail info in the result panelResults of Differential Voltage Measurement f Opt. SST makes it fully automated measurementsf Details of testEye Diagram Analysis for SATAf Recommended as a diagnosis test in SATA WG f Normally done when Go-No Go tests are failed f Used as Debugging toolf Supports SSC and NON SSC SATA Signalsf What is SSC–Spread Spectrum Clocking–SATA signal is frequency modulated by 33KHz–Helps in meeting EMI/EMC requirementsSetting Up for Eye Diagram Analysisf Clock Recovery Window Size (UI)–Determines Data window for Clock Recoveryf Scan Increment–Increment steps to Analyze the UIf Clock Recovery method–Constant Clock-Mean–Constant Clock-Median f Analysis Window–250 UI and 5 UISetting Up for Eye Diagram AnalysisWindow SizeCenter 250 UI or 5UI Acquired DataClock Recovery WindowSATA Eye DiagramHigh RailTop MarginJitterBottom marginLow railAnalyzing Eye Diagramf High Rail–Worst case window displayed out of the all the analysisf Low Rail–Worst case window displayed out of the analysis windowf Top Margin–Worst case window displayed out of the analysis windowf Bottom Margin–Worst case window displayed out of the analysis windowf Jitter–Worst case jitter window displayed out of the analysis windowf All Eyes–All (High rail, Low Rail, Top margin, Bottom Margin and Jitter) the worst case windows in a single displayTransitional and Non-Transitional EyeTransitionEye Non-TransitionEyeOut Of Band (OOB) Measurementf Test for communication between Host Bus Adapter (HBA) andDevice (HDD)f Testing Technique–Using Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG)OOB Measurementsf COMRESET–Originates from Host and reset the Devicef COMINIT–Originates from Device and request for communication initialization f COMWAKE–Originates either from the HBA or Devicef Possible to make this measurement using AWG onlyOOB Measurement Setup for HBA Using AWGOOB Measurement Setup for Device Using AWGOut Of Band Measurementf Host responds to in-spec COMINIT inter-burst gap–Verify there are sixbursts of COMWAKEsignal from the DUTfollowing the AWGCOMWAKE.–Use the ZOOM functionof the DSO to measurethe inter-burst gap ofthe COMWAKE sequenceresponse from the DUT.–Verify it is within spec.101.3ns < Valid Inter-burst Gap < 112ns(106.7ns nominal).COMWAKE COMINITMaking OOB MeasurementsCursor Value is read and pass/fail is declaredJitter Measurement for SATAParameters Serial ATA Measurementswith TDSJIT3V2.0 Transm itter Gen1i Gen1x Gen2i Gen2x 9Tj at Connector, Data-Data,5UI99 Dj at Connector, Data-Data,5UITj at Connector, Data-Data,250UI99 Dj at Connector, Data-Data,250UITj at Connector, Clk-Data,f BAUD/1099 Dj at Connector, Clk-Data,f BAUD/10Tj at Connector, Clk-Data,f BAUD/50099 Dj at Connector, Clk-Data,f BAUD/500Tj after CIC, Clk-Data,f BAUD/1667999 Dj after CIC, Clk-Data,f BAUD/1667SAS Physical Layer MeasurementsIRCRXR ITCTXTReceive eye mask 999888Jitter tolerance eye mask 999888Max/Min rise and fall time 888999Skew 999999Total Jitter 999888Dterministic Jitter 999888Receiver Jitter TolerenaceSinusoidal jotter999888Deterministic Jitter 999888Total Jitter 999888Minimum OOB aligh busrt amplitude 999888Maximum noise durring OOB idle time 999888OOB timing measuremnts 999999SAS 1.5Gbps & 3GbpsParmetersReceiver Eye Diagram Analysis for SASf Test is Far endf Clock Recovery using Constant clock recovery withmean/median techniquef Reconstruct the Clock for eye diagram by applying single poleHP filter at Bit rate/1667–Remove LF Jitter (wonder) in Eye diagram–Retain HF Jitter in Eye diagramf View All UI , transitional and Non transitional in Eye diagramformReceiver Eye Mask Analysis for 1.5/3.0 Gbpsf All UI Plot f Transitional and Non-TransitionalUI plot。

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2009
Public Spec Release
2010
2011
Deployment Phase
– Commercial product deployment. deployment
Integration Phase
– –
Gen 3- Silicon Phase –
Product Development SATA IO Unified Test Definition 1.4 First official testing of Gen3 products in June 2009
Physical Layer Validation of Storage Systems
- Advanced Tools for Validation Debug and Characterization of SAS Validation, and SATA Designs
John Calvin Tektronix Storage Portfolio Product Manager Chairman of SATA-IO L Ch i f SATA IO Logo and I t d Interoperability bilit Working group
Tektronix Innovation Forum 2010
SATA Logo/Interoperability mission
The Storage industry and SATA in particularly has shipped over One Billion disk drives. The cost sensitivity of th consumer market h made storage iti it f the k t has d t systems a commodity item. The lowest cost item usually g pp emerges as the most attractive from a OEM/Supplier arrangment. The interchangeability of SATA storage demands a high degree of assured interoperability between devices at the principal electrical interfaces. The SATA Logo/Interoperability organization s charter organization’s is to develop test techniques and methods which ensure this industries interoperability objectives are being met, for all SATA Certified products.
– –
Gen 2-iation Gen2 Plugfest (UNH IOL) STA test specification of SAS released.
TekExpress SATA/SAS
Gen 3 (12Gb/Sec) - Silicon Phase
- Customer feedback
7
Tektronix Innovation Forum 2010
SAS Physical Layer Testing
STA: PHY informative measurements
SAS GROUP 1: COUPLING & OOB REQUIREMENTS
Gen ? (12Gb/Sec) Possible Silicon Phase
SAS Gen2 (6Gb/s)
Draft D ft Spec
Public Spec Release
Deployment Phase
– Commercial product deployment.
Integration Phase
– – – – – TEST 5.1.1 - AC COUPLING REQUIREMENTS TEST 5.1.2 - TX MAXIMUM NOISE DURING OOB IDLE TEST 5.1.3 - TX OOB BURST AMPLITUDE TEST 5.1.4 - TX OOB OFFSET DELTA TEST 5.1.5 - TX OOB COMMON MODE DELTA
“Banner specs are no longer the gating issue. issue The latest equipment provides ample raw performance. What’s needed is greater ease of use, setup and automation.”
Summary
Tektronix Innovation Forum 2010
Technology Leader
Tektronix in Storage Standards
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)
– Tektronix has the only comprehensive and fully automated SATA physical layer test automation package in the industry today, enabling the broad community of expert users, users industrial automation and technical users since the beginning of SATA over a decade ago. . Well established 20 Ghz scope performance has been utilized at industry interoperability events and test labs for 2 years and provides unparalleled trigger, capture and analysis capabilities. t d l i biliti In the field of Receiver testing, Tektronix has introduced the concept of full digital synthesis of waveform impairments as well as integrated methods of logical state control with high performance (24Gs/sec) Arbitrary Waveform Generators. Tektronix is currently recognized as one of the two valid tool providers for the UNH IOL SAS Consortium’s Physical Layer test suite. These are the tests performed for SAS conformance at a recent Plugfest. f t t Pl f t Best in class, proven real time instrumentation platform along with industry recognized 70GHz sampling scopes provides users flexibility and latitude with either advanced debug or higher bit rates. The first and only tool provider to provide comprehensive Noise decomposition, as well as Jitter decomposition along BER contour calculations.
3.
Highly specialized – e.g., SSC modulation analysis, advanced receiver t ti l i d d i testing, Frequency domain S-Parameter measurements.
4.
Days to perform effective, repeatable and reliable product validation tests
6
April 22, 2010
Industry Productivity
Compliance Testing – An Industry Productivity Issue
Greater speed means greater design challenges, with implications…
1.
Greater test complexity
More instruments, configurations, and setup time
2.
Breadth f tests d B dth of t t demands hi hl d highly experienced, senior equipment users to perform and interpret results. results Text complexity is high
Presenter Biography
John Calvin, Logo Work Group Chair
– John Calvin currently is the chairman of the Serial ATA International Organization’s Interoperability working group. John is a Product Manager at Tektronix where he has worked for the last 15 years, with a focus on high speed serial measurements solutions for industry standards. He has worked as a contributor to SATA testing since 2000. John holds a Bachelors Degree in Electrical Engineering from Washington State University and has been awarded 6 patents in measurement-related technology. – /about/work_group_chairs.asp
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