英语笔译 考试大纲(2021年)
青岛大学848 英汉互译与中英文写作考试大纲2021年考研专业课初试大纲
英语语言文学专业硕士入学考试大纲
考试科目代码及名称：848 英汉互译与中英文写作
一、考试要求
掌握英语文学的主要流派及基本研究方法，能够熟练进行文学知识相关内容的英汉互译，对西方批评史的基本理念流变有所了解，具备从事汉语及英语学术写作及研究的基本能力。
二、考试内容
（1）英语文学作品选篇翻译
（2）西方文学理论著作选篇翻译
（3）英语文学作品阐释
（4）东西文化现象剖析
三、试卷结构（题型分值）
1.本科目满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。
2.题型结构
（1）英译汉：占总分的20%
（2）汉译英: 占总分的20%
（3）英语写作：占总分的30%
（4）汉语写作：占总分的30%
四、参考书目
1.《美国文学史》童明著，外语教学与研究出版社，2008年；
2.《英国文学简史》（第3版）刘炳善编，河南人民出版社，2011年；
3.《英译中国现代散文选》1、2辑，张培基，第一版，上海外语教育出版社，1999年、2003年；
4.《小说面面观》(英汉对照) E.M.福斯特著，朱乃长译，第一版，中国对外翻译出版公司，2002年。
2021年英语翻译资格考试初级笔译试题及答案
2021年英语翻译资格考试初级笔译试题及答案(1)1. And everywhere in his neighborhood in Serekunda, Gambia’s largest city, there was talk of easy money to be made in Europe.然而，在冈比亚的城市塞莱昆达他所居住的地方，人们到处都在谈论着“欧洲赚钱容易”这个话题。
点评：该句的重点在于词性的转换译法：关键词---talk如果将该词译成汉语的名词，一是听起来很蹩脚，不符合汉英行文的习惯，二是不符合英译汉技法的要求。
这一点在我们讲授英译汉部分时曾经重点谈到一个例句：The woman’s extramarital affairs with her boss soon became talk of the town.这个女人与其老板的关系很快传遍全城。
或，大街小巷都在谈论着这个女人与其老板的风流韵事。
2. Most of them have stories that echo Mr. Jallow’s.他们中的大多数都有着与杰罗先生相似的经历。
该句中定语从句的动词“echo”是关键词。
原意为“回声”“回响”，但在本句中要在上下文的语义基础上引申为“与。
相似”的含义。
我们在授课过程中曾讲过，英语国家的写作思路是：首尾呼应法，即：The first paragraph echoes the last paragraph.3. “There is everything in there,” said DiegoCa?amero, the leader of the farm workers’ union in Andalusia, which tries to advocate for the men.“那里要什么有什么,”安达卢西亚农场工人工会的领袖迭戈·卡纳梅洛说,该组织努力在为这些人争取生活的权利，点评：该句中的“advocate”原意为“拥护”“倡议”，但在此句中应该根据前文正确理解为“为。
catti大纲
catti大纲
CAT（中国翻译协会资格考试）的大纲可能会发生变化。
CAT考试是中国翻译协会主管的翻译资格考试，分为初级（I）、中级（II）、高级（III）三个级别。
以下是一个概括的描述，具体的信息请查阅最新版本的考试大纲。
CAT初级（I）大纲概要：
1.考试科目：
•词汇与语法
•写作与翻译
2.考试形式：
•选择题
•简答题
•翻译题
3.词汇与语法：
•词汇量
•基本语法知识
•句型结构
4.写作与翻译：
•简单文章写作
•基本翻译能力
CAT中级（II）大纲概要：
1.考试科目：
•词汇与语法
•翻译
•制作与评点
2.考试形式：
•选择题
•翻译题
•制作与评点题
3.词汇与语法：
•较高水平的词汇量
•较复杂的语法知识
4.翻译：
•中文到英文和英文到中文的翻译能力
5.制作与评点：
•翻译工具使用
•文章评点
CAT高级（III）大纲概要：
1.考试科目：
•词汇与语法
•翻译与写作
•制作与评点
2.考试形式：
•选择题
•翻译与写作题
•制作与评点题
3.词汇与语法：
•深厚的词汇积累
•高级语法知识
4.翻译与写作：
•提高的翻译水平
•文章写作能力
5.制作与评点：
•使用翻译工具进行翻译与评点
•文章评点
请注意，具体的考试大纲、内容和要求可能因时间而有所变更，建议考生查阅最新的官方资料或联系相关机构获取最准确的信息。
2021年上半年英语三级笔译(CATTI 3) 实务考试真题及参考译文
2021年上半年英语三级笔译（CATTI 3) 实务考试真题及参考译文Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.Are you having difficulty following diets? Our lives are way more complex than those which allow us to stick to a monotonous restrictive diet.Food psychologist Ridhi Golechha said, "If all of us could follow diets, we'd all have reached our goals. Real-life stresses such as lockdown anxiety, relationship conflicts,workload, financial stresses, exasperating parenting, and so much more directly impact how we feel and by virtue, what we eat. If, on paper, diets were so easy to follow, then we'd all be part of that tiny ten percent of people in the word (athletes, models, or actresses) - who are permanently fit.We all know of those rough days when all we want is to drown our faces in a tub of ice cream or reach out for that melting chocolate cake. "Emotional eating is nothing but eating our emotions. We're all human with emotions and hunger. By that definition, all of us are emotional eaters, we turn to food when we're overwhelmed with anger, sadness, frustration, or any other significant emotion!" explained Ridhi.There's a reason why the butterfly comes back to suck sweet nectar from the flowers, in turn pollinating the rest of the garden. Humans, much like animals, birds,and insects, are hardwired for pleasure. But here's the catch: we humans are afraid of receiving pleasure. Many fear that if they allow themselves to eat a slice of cheesy pizza, they'll be overwhelmed with pleasure, lose control, and end up finishing the whole pizza.We fear this would result in a failed diet, we light gain, and massive guilt, so we avoid it altogether. But it doesn't work."Biology suggests otherwise. Like every other species:homo sapiens were also built for survival. It is pleasure that drives humans to repeat the feel-good behaviour endlessly," explained Ridhi.When does emotional eating become worrisome? "Largely, there's nothing wrong with that. We do eat to manage and cope with our feelings, especially those that don't feel so good because eating itself is so biologically rewarding. It's completely okay ifwe're doing it once in a while, because as I said we're all evolutionary wired to emotional eating. However, if we're constantly depending on food to swallow our difficult emotions and discomforts, leaving us with a feeling of guilt constantly at the end of it, then definitely, we need to work on it," said Ridhi.What can we do to reduce emotional eating? According to Rldhi, the reason we fall diets is that we try to fight biology and suppress our emotions, which only works temporarily. To make long-lasting changes, we must address the root causes of emotional eating. Here are a few tips to get you started:First, don't skip meals. Starving often confuses your biological hunger drives and makes you more vulnerable to eating your emotions. Second, understand the difference between actual physical hunger versus emotional hunger. Third, make a list of the top three emotions you feel weekly and start finding different ways to cope with them. Fourth, talk to an expert. It's better not to ignore your emotional eating since it can later cause health issues like bloating, acid and constipation, etc. Fifth, go for a walk or do something completely different that will take away your urge by distracting you momentarily.Emotional eating is a message that reveals a deeper problem. Understanding yourself and the way you eat can address the root causes and enable you to live a life that is beyond food obsessions and the fear of failing your diets.【参考译文】：你是否很难坚持规律饮食?生活十分复杂，让我们很难坚持单一且有节制的饮食规律。
2021年11月CATTI英语三级笔译真题
2021年11月英语三级笔译真题Section 1: English-Chinese translation (50points)Some airlines have advised passengers not to lean back in economy class, which has triggered off a debate. Some think that airlines should lock their economy seats from reclining permanently and should immediately stop using the phrase “sit back, relax and enjoy the flight”. That's an invitation to lean backs all the way. But others think that it is the God-given right of passengers to recline. If you click around the internet for a while, you will find that this debate is far from settled.There are several arguments against reclining. First, reclining your airline seat is unacceptable because we’re literally out of space. There's no space to recline. Airlines are trying to squeeze more passengers on a plane to make more money. Before airline deregulation, many economy class seats had a generous 36 inches of “pitch”, a rough measure of legroom. Today, some seats have as little as 28 inches.Second, it is a moral issue. If you recline your airplane seat, you'll probably end up in someone's lap. A frequent air traveler says, "what do you do if the person in front of you reclines all the way? What if you turn around to discover that a 6-foot-4 passenger seated behind you? Do you eat your meal in your lap while the tray table cuts into your stomach or do you recline as well and crush the legs of the person behind you?”Another traveler says, "seat reclining is one of the most irritating, inconvenient,self-indulgent habits.” "You’ll invade another passenger's personal space, which might lead to an unfriendly confrontation. So it is rude to recline, and it is wrong. Most folks would rather sacrifice the 2 inches of reclining backward not to have someone sitting in their lap for the distance of a flight. "I wish all airlines would eliminate the recline function," says a retired Air Force inspector.But if there is no room to recline your airplane seat, and it's wrong, why do so many airlines still allow it? Because if they didn't, it would be an admission that they no longer care about your comfort. Airlines are stacking you into a plane like cargo. Furthermore, the airline industry loves the seat reclining argument because it divides us. And while we're arguing about 2 inches of personal space, they are busy collecting more money from passengers and slowly removing even more room. Whether you think reclining your airline seat is wrong or not, let 's agree on one thing: Greedy airlines got us to this point. Fighting over the scraps of space won't fix it. If we ever needed thoughtful government regulation, maybe it is now.Reclining an airline seat is still allowed on most flights. Here 's how to deal with someone who leans into your airspace. Ask them to lean forward. Timing and tone are important here. The moment someone leans back, gently tap the person on the shoulder and politely ask them if it would be possible not to recline their seat, or get a flight attendantinvolved. Some leaners are clever and wait for you to go to the restroom before leaning. Then they feign sleep, which makes you reluctant to bother them. You can always ask a flight attendant for help.Section 1: Chinese-English translation (50points)当前，新冠疫情仍在全球蔓延，世界经济依然面临衰退风险，中国秉持着兼济天下的精神，与各国人民一起共同抗疫，努力实现互利共赢的发展。
2021年11月CATTI二级笔译真题
2021年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及参考译文(2021-11-08 20:05:12)转载▼标签：英语翻译英语学习2021年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及参考译文EC Passage 1You’ve temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps you never let go of your phone—it's always in your hand, your pocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a moment’s notice. When your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well. New research shows that there’s a psychological reason for such extreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood.你有过这种经历吗？一时放错了地址，忘了在哪，急急忙忙返回寻觅；从不离身，老是握在手里，揣在兜里或放在包里，时刻预备回答消息，查找内容。
一成天过去了，一旦觉察没电，简直感觉自己也要没电了。
最新研究揭露了极端“依托症”背后的心理动因：依照依恋理论，简直成了咱们大多数人小时候恋恋不舍的泰迪熊。
全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语一级笔译考试大纲
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试
英语一级笔译考试大纲
一、总论
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语一级笔译考试设“笔译实务”一个科目。
二、考试目的
检验应试者英汉互译的技巧和能力以及审定稿能力是否达到高级翻译水平。
三、考试基本要求
知识面宽广，熟悉中国和相关语言国家的文化背景，中外文语言功底扎实。
（一）笔译能力
1、对原文有较强的理解能力，有较强的翻译表达能力，能够熟练运用翻译策略和技巧对有较高难度的文章进行英汉互译；
2、译文准确、完整、流畅，并能体现原文风格；
3、英译汉速度每小时约600个单词；汉译英速度每小时约400个汉字。
（二）审定稿能力
1、能够发现、修改译文中的问题，用词严谨、恰当，能使译文质量有较大提高，并体现原文风格。
2、英译汉审定稿速度每小时约1200个单词；汉译英审定稿速度每小时约800个汉字。
英语一级考试模块设置一览表
笔译实务
序号题型题量分值时间(分钟)
1
翻
译英译汉总量约600个单词的
文章
40
180汉译英总量约400个汉字的
文章
40
2审
定
稿
英译汉总量约600个单词的
译文
10
汉译英总量约400个汉字的
译文
10
总计————100。
《笔译基础》理论教学大纲(供四年制本科翻译专业使用)
《笔译基础》教学大纲(供四年制本科翻译专业使用)Ⅰ前言本课程是为翻译专业本科生开设的基础课，是翻译专业基础阶段的一门重要的专业基础课程。
主要培养学生正确的翻译观，掌握部分翻译理论，增强语言知识和背景知识，正确理解原文，正确把源语言译成目的语。
让学生学会基本的笔译处理技巧，培养学生实际运用语言的能力，为进入高年级学习高级翻译课程打下扎实的专业基础。
课程内容：什么是翻译，翻译的基础理念，理解和表达，翻译中的矛盾，翻译的功能理念，“独立成篇”的理念，观摩篇。
通过理论与实践相结合，使学生掌握基本的笔译技能，能够从事中等难度的文学、政论、议论、报告、说明等类文体的翻译，以期达到为将来各方面的学习打下坚实的基础的目的。
本大纲适用于四年制本科翻译专业学生使用。
现将大纲使用中有关问题说明如下:一为了使教师和学生更好地掌握教材,大纲每一章节均由教学目的、教学要求和教学内容三部分组成。
教学目的注明教学目标，教学要求分掌握、熟悉和了解三个级别,教学内容与教学要求级别相对应,并统一标示(核心内容即知识点以下划实线，重点内容以下划虚线，一般内容不标示)便于学生重点学习。
二教师在保证大纲核心内容的前提下,可根据不同教学手段,讲授重点内容和介绍一般内容，有的内容可留给学生自学。
三总教学参考学时为36学时。
四教材：《基础笔译》，外语教学与研究出版社，刘继春，2015年第1版。
II 正文第一章什么是翻译一教学目的了解的翻译概念，形成学生个人对翻译的理解。
二教学要求在通用翻译理念的基础上，形成学生个人对翻译的理解。
通过实例分析，学习处理源语言中的微妙处。
三教学内容（一）翻译的概念。
（二）个人对翻译的理解。
（三）常见的翻译错误。
作业：课堂练习和课后作业。
第二章译者需要哪方面的修养一教学目的了解掌握译者具备的基本修养。
二教学要求讲解、讨论译者修养的基本内涵。
以案例分析译者内涵的重要性。
三教学内容（一）译者修养的内涵。
（二）追求更好，言需尽意。
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矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。