Research on Tobacco Transformation of Vacuolar H+-ATPase Subunit c Gene from Iris lacteal
烟草专卖论文
浅析中国特色烟草专卖体制摘要：烟草行业以国家专卖管理体制为基础，多年来为国家做出了巨大贡献，对国内市场即将到来的国际化竞争，中国烟草既拥有一定的优势，但这种制度本身还存在许多问题，为应对我国加入WTO后的竞争形势和对烟草行业进行改革的要求，目前，我国烟草实行了工商分离的举措，发展大的企业集团以面对激烈的竞争。
但由于烟草问题的根本在于政府主管部门集多重身分于一体，并且地方性的利益导向作祟导致烟草专卖变成了地区专卖，因而工商分离是治标不治本。
故为构建全国统一畅通的大市场、大流通渠道，做大企业大品牌，增强中国烟草整体实力，必须从政府职能转变和机构改革入手，构建中国特色的烟草专卖体制。
关键词：特色烟草专卖、烟草性质、改革Abstract:Tobacco industry to national monopoly management system as the foundation, for many years for the countrymadegreatcontributions. In the face of the domestic market the upcominginternationalcompetition, Chinese tobacco has certain advantages, but this system itself there still exist many problems to cope with China's accession to the WTO after the competition situation and the reform of the tobacco industry demand, at present, China's tobacco industry to the separation of the measures, the development of large enterprise groups in the face of fierce competition. But as a result of tobacco the root of the problem lies in the competent government departments set multiple identity at an organic whole, and local interests to guide the ghost of tobacco monopoly into the region monopoly, therefore is take temporary solution not effect a permanent cure commerce separation. For the construction of the unified national unimpeded big market, big circulation channel, industrial enterprises to carry out the joint reorganization, do big enterprise big brand; Commercial sales network set up competition mechanism; Nationaladjustment tobacco tax system to break the regional blockades, so as to enhance the overall strength of China tobacco. Must from the transformation of government functions and mechanism of reform. Keywords:characteristic tobacco monopoly, tobacco properties, reform引言：在经济全球化和区域经济一体化的背景下，中国作为一个发展中国家，正在建立社会主义市场经济和积极融入世界经济之中。
浅析烟叶生产数字化转型的问题及对策
Hans Journal of Agricultural Sciences 农业科学, 2023, 13(7), 683-687 Published Online July 2023 in Hans. https:///journal/hjas https:///10.12677/hjas.2023.137094浅析烟叶生产数字化转型的问题及对策毕 珊，牛 昊，刘 茜，景 琦黑龙江省烟草公司哈尔滨烟叶公司，黑龙江 哈尔滨收稿日期：2023年6月15日；录用日期：2023年7月13日；发布日期：2023年7月24日摘要 数字化转型对烟叶生产和企业创新发展具有非常重要的意义。
通过数字技术能够使现有的组织结构、业务流程得到升级和改造，提高效益和提升生产效率。
因此，本文从现阶段烟叶数字化转型存在的问题进行分析，了解烟叶生产数字化转型的困难，并提出一定的参考措施，以期促进烟叶生产数字化转型，加快烟叶生产高质量发展。
关键词烟叶，生产，数字化，转型A Brief Analysis of the Problems and Countermeasures of the Digital Transformation of Tobacco Leaf ProductionShan Bi, Hao Niu, Qian Liu, Qi JingHeilongjiang Provincial Tobacco Company Harbin Tobacco Company, Harbin HeilongjiangReceived: Jun. 15th , 2023; accepted: Jul. 13th , 2023; published: Jul. 24th , 2023AbstractDigital transformation plays a crucial role in tobacco leaf production and the innovation and de-velopment of enterprises. Through digital technology, existing organizational structures and business processes can be upgraded and transformed, leading to increased efficiency and im-proved production effectiveness. Therefore, this article analyzes the current challenges of digital transformation in tobacco leaf production, comprehends the difficulties faced in the process of di-gitization, and puts forth a set of reference measures with the aim of fostering digital transforma-tion in tobacco leaf production, consequently expediting high-quality development within the to-bacco industry.毕珊等KeywordsTobacco, Production, Digitalization, TransformationCopyright © 2023 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0)./licenses/by/4.0/1. 引言随着近些年科技的快速发展，互联网、大数据、物联网等数字信息化技术已被大量运用于各个行业，行业不同带来数字化转型进度自然也会有差异[1]。
卷烟包装外观缺陷数据集构建及深度学习检测技术研究
第45卷第5期包装工程2024年3月PACKAGING ENGINEERING·135·卷烟包装外观缺陷数据集构建及深度学习检测技术研究宗国浩1，张明琰2，王锐1，王泽宇2，王迪1，王永胜1，郑超群1，冯伟华1*（1.中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院，郑州450001；2.河南中烟工业有限责任公司黄金叶生产制造中心，郑州450016）摘要：目的为了提升烟包缺陷检测的准确率，构建卷烟包装外观缺陷识别基准数据集，并开展主流深度学习模型在卷烟包装外观缺陷智能检测中的应用研究。
方法首先，从生产运行中的ZB45型细支烟硬盒包装机组采集缺陷图像，经过人工审核与筛选后获取典型的缺陷数据。
然后，根据缺陷的特征与成因，将缺陷数据划分为23个类别，并逐一进行目标检测框标注。
最终，形成了包含13 000余张缺陷图像的卷烟包装外观缺陷识别基准数据集，并针对烟包缺陷识别、缺陷分类、目标检测、模型迁移4项任务开展实验。
结果结果表明，数据集能够满足高准确率深度学习模型的训练需求；通过模型迁移，能够利用该数据集大幅提高不同牌号卷烟的缺陷检测效果；DenseNet模型在烟包缺陷识别与缺陷分类任务上表现较好，准确率分别达到93.70%和95.43%，YOLOv5模型在缺陷目标检测任务上*******值达到了96.61%。
结论该数据集能够作为烟包缺陷检测领域的基准数据集，研究成果将进一步支撑卷烟包装领域的数据应用与数字化转型。
关键词：卷烟包装；包装外观检测；深度学习；YOLOv5；基准数据集中图分类号：TB487；TS434 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1001-3563(2024)05-0135-09DOI：10.19554/ki.1001-3563.2024.05.016Cigarette Packaging Appearance Defect Data Set Construction and DeepLearning Detection Technology ResearchZONG Guohao1, ZHANG Mingyan2, WANG Rui1, WANG Zeyu2, WANG Di1,WANG Yongsheng1, ZHENG Chaoqun1, FENG Weihua1*(1. Zhengzhou Tobacco Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China; 2. Golden Leaf Production andManufacturing Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China)ABSTRACT: The work aims to construct a benchmark dataset for cigarette package appearance defect recognition and carry out research on the application of mainstream deep learning models in the intelligent detection of cigarette package appearance defects, so as to improve the accuracy of cigarette package defect detection. The image data of suspected defects were collected from the normal production ZB45 fine cigarettes hard box packaging machine, and the data with respect to real defects were obtained through manual reviews and screening. According to the characteristics and causes of defects, the defect data were classified into 23 categories, the labels and locations of defect were marked with bounding boxes. A benchmark dataset containing more than 13 000 images of cigarette package appearance quality defects was constructed. Experimental tests were conducted for four tasks, namely, cigarette package defect recognition, defect classification, target detection, and model transfer. The results showed that the dataset fulfilled the training收稿日期：2023-11-15基金项目：中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院创新专项资助（602021CR0080）·136·包装工程2024年3月requisites for high-accuracy deep learning models; Through model migration, the dataset could be utilized to significantly improve the accuracy of defect detection for different cigarette grades; The DenseNet model achieved better results on the cigarette packet defect recognition and defect classification tasks, with accuracy rates of 93.70% and 95.43%, respectively,*************************************.61%onthedefectivetargetdetectiontask.Thedataset can be used as a benchmark dataset in cigarette packet defect detection, and the research results will further support the data application and digital transformation in cigarette packaging.KEY WORDS: cigarette package; package appearance quality inspection; deep learning; YOLOv5; benchmark datasets为了保证卷烟产品符合质量标准要求，卷烟生产企业普遍采用高速相机对烟包外观质量进行检测，并剔除缺陷烟包。
中职论文参考文献范例
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综合测试台检测细支卷烟的技术改造
16 . 9 4、9 7. 0 6、1. 3 4 4、4 0 . 8 8、52 . 21，偏 差 分 别为 0 . 0138、0 . 0 52、0 . 2 35、0 . 0 6 4 4、1. 4 6、1.19，变异系数分 别为2.60、0.47、0.24、4.79、3.56、2.91，上下限分别为 [0.48,0.58]、[16.8,17.20]、[96.50,97.51]、[1.050,1.550]、 [36.0 0,4 4.0 0]、[40.0 0,60.0 0]，从上述数据中可以发 现，改 造 后的 检 测数 据比 较 稳定，无 异常 数 据 现 象 出 现，由标准偏差数据也能够得到该结论。由此可见，综 合测试台在进行改造后对于5.4mm规格的细支卷烟进 行检测其数据准确可靠，能够满足细支卷烟在物理性 能指标上的检测。
科技创新导报 Science and Technology Innovation Herald
工业技术
科技创新导报 2021 NO.11
Science and Technology Innovation Herald
长 度，需 要对其 改 造，也 就 是 使 夹 持 器 轴承内径 变为 16mm[5]。
（1）改造入口导烟器以及导烟管。改造导烟器时， 在吸 阻和 通 风 度单元中，入口导烟 器 是 用 来引导 检 测 样品进 入 到 该 检 测 单元中，与5 . 4 m m直径的细支卷 烟 样品相匹配的入口导烟 器内径 为10 m m。改 造导烟 管 时，烟支样品中，上部和中部的两个胶管芯中存在一个 导烟管，与导烟器作用相似，5.4mm直径的细支卷烟样 品检 测时，其 导烟 管内径 需 要进 行 改 造，烟 支的内径 为10mm，滤棒的内径为14mm。
工业技术 DOI：10.16660/ki.1674-098X.2103-5640-7512
基于数字化的真烟治理异常流动DAC内部监管模式探究——以福建烟草为例
基于数字化的真烟治理异常流动DAC内部监管模式探究——以福建烟草为例发布时间：2023-02-22T09:17:39.338Z 来源：《中国科技信息》2022年第33卷17期作者：张丽霞[导读] 数字化转型的本质是生产力的升级再造，是对发展战略、经营业务、组织关系张丽霞厦门市烟草专卖局专卖处厦门市思明区 361000摘要：数字化转型的本质是生产力的升级再造，是对发展战略、经营业务、组织关系、客户关系等生产关系的全面转型再造。
作为烟草价值链的重要一环，专卖数字化转型既是形势使然，更是落实治理真烟异常流动监管措施的核心引擎。
本文从福建省真烟治异“2345”工作思路融入数字化转型的谋划之中，用数字化转型更好地推动真烟治异“2345”工作思路的充分实践，从而探索DAC内部监管模式，全面推动真烟异常流动高效能治理工作，实现烟草行业高质量发展。
关键词：数字化、真烟治异、数据、监管Abstract: The essence of digital transformation is the upgrading and reengineering of productivity, and it is the comprehensive transformation and reengineering of development strategy, business, organisational relations, customer relations and other production relations. As an important part of the tobacco value chain, the digital transformation of monopoly is not only due to the situation, but also the core engine for implementing regulatory measures to control the abnormal flow of real smoke. This article integrates the "2345" work idea of real tobacco treatment into the planning of digital transformation from Fujian Province, and uses digital transformation to better promote the full practice of the "2345" working idea of real tobacco treatment, so as to explore the DAC internal supervision model, comprehensively promote the high-efficiency management of the abnormal flow of real tobacco, and realise the high-quality development of the tobacco industry.1.引言近年来，大户违法经营真品卷烟的行为团伙化、地域化、隐身幕后指挥、网络分工协作组织严密等特点进一步凸显，省际间卷烟品类投放策略及进度差异大，加之局部出现的新冠疫情易导致区域间供求不平衡，个别卷烟品规的市场价格变化呈现时间短促、波动巨大的特点，导致一些单位信息捕捉和政策调整滞后，大户利用此漏洞打时间差，快速倒烟，单次违法活动时间短，案件经营和查处难度进一步大。
烟草转化方法及各类培养基配方
表1 烟草转化中使用培养基Table.1 List of the culture mediums in genetic transformation of tobacco培养基Culture medium 成分ingredientspH值pH继代培养基Subculture medium MS 5.8 共生培养基（To）Symbiotic culture medium MS+2.25mg/L6-BA+0.3mg/LNAA 5.8 筛选培养基（To＋）Sifting medium MS+2.25mg/L6-BA+0.3mg/LNAA+400mg/Lcef+100mg/Lkam 5.8 壮芽培养基（P8＋）Budding selection medium MS+0.1mg/L6-BA+0.01mg/LNAA+400mg/Lcef+100mg/Lkam 5.8 生根培养基（1/2MS＋）Rooting medium 1/2MS+400mg/Lcef+100mg/Lkam 5.8 注：cef：头孢霉素，kam：卡那霉素； Note: cef: cefotaxime；kan: KanamycinMS基础培养基配方：（1L的配方）1/2 MS基础培养基配方：（1L的配方）MS 大量：50ml MS 大量：25mlMS 微量：5ml MS 微量：2.5mlMS 铁盐：5ml MS 铁盐：5mlMS 有机：5ml MS 有机：5ml糖：30g 糖：30g琼脂：7.5g 琼脂：7.5g6-BA母液浓度：0.5mg/mlNAA母液浓度： 0.5mg/mlCef（头孢霉素）母液浓度：200mg/mlKam（卡那霉素）母液浓度：100mg/ml注意：高温会导致Cef（头孢霉素）和Kam（卡那霉素）分解，因此需要在培养基灭菌冷却后再在超净工作台内加入。
LB培养液配方：（1L的配方）NaCl 10g （10g/L）胰蛋白胨（TRYPTONE）10g （10g/L）酵母提取物（YEAST EXTRACT）5g （5g/L）LB固体培养基在液体配方的基础上1L加13g琼脂粉。
信息系统国产化改造及与发展探究
IGITCW技术 分析Technology Analysis68DIGITCW2023.071 信息系统国产化发展概况目前，信息系统国产化软硬件成熟度不断提高，推动了安全可靠的信息技术体系和软硬件生态环境建设，逐步扭转了核心信息技术和产品受制于人的局面。
在信息基础架构方面，国产服务器、网络、安防设备、存储设备等方面都取得了不小的进步。
这些信息系统国产化水平的提高进一步加强了信息系统的安全性，提高了国有企业的管理能力。
但从整体上看，信息产品国产软硬件与国外成熟产品相比仍有很大差距，在操作系统、关系数据库和中间件等方面对国外产品仍有较大的依赖性。
因此，信息系统的国产化改造还有较大的进步空间。
2 国产化基础软硬件环境分析在单核运算方面，国产计算机与国外成熟计算机相比仍存在着不小的差距。
不过，国产计算机采用的原生多核心设计能够将性能发挥到极致，特别是在一些密集的应用上，这种优势更加明显[1]。
国产计算机采用的是RISC 指令集方式，寻址方式比传统指令集CISC 有明显的优势，操作也更为简洁。
但在CPU 能力、总线服务模式、硬盘读写模式以及制造流程等方面稍有欠缺，所以在读取文件时会花费更长的时间。
因此，在改造国产化信息系统的过程中，为了达到各种性能指标的要求，需要对各种国产软硬件进行必要的技术优化。
3 国产化信息系统软件性能优化关键技术3.1 并发处理软件性能优化并发处理技术的应用旨在提高基础软硬件的运行效率，比较典型的是计算密集型和输入/输出（I/O ）密集型。
在软件的设计阶段，国产计算机以多核为主，利用此技术，将数据任务逐级分解，进而多线程并发执行，有效解决了单核频率过低的问题。
在系统对数据进行接收、读取和处理的时候，通过创建接收线程、读取线程和处理线程，并发处理创建数据，对非同类型数据、非同过程数据进行相信息系统国产化改造及与发展探究黄斯阳（广东烟草珠海市有限公司（信息中心），广东 珠海 519000）摘要：文章首先概括了国产化信息系统的发展现状，分析了其所处环境的具体特点；其次，提出了系统软件性能优化的关键技术，并通过初步验证表明，系统性能指标在经过技术优化后有了显著提升；最后，对国产化信息系统未来的发展进行了展望。
世界贸易和国际贸易外文文献及中文翻译
世界贸易和国际贸易外文文献及中文翻译World Trade and International TradeIn today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations areself-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of world trade and economic activity. As a result of this trade and activity, internationalfinance and banking have evolved.For example, the United States is a major consumer of coffee, yet it does not have the climate to grow any or its own. Consequently, the United States must import coffee from countries (such as Brazil, Colombia and Guatemala)that grow coffee efficiently. On the other hand, the United States has large industrial plants capable of producing a variety of goods, such as chemicals and airplanes, which can be sold to nations that need them. If nations traded item for item, such as one automobile for 10,000 bags of coffee, foreign trade would be extremely cumbersome and restrictive. So instead of batter, which is trade of goods without an exchange of money, the United State receives moneyin payment for what it sells. It pays for Brazilian coffee with dollars, which Brazil can then use to buy wool from Australia, which in turn can buy textiles Great Britain, which can then buy tobacco from the United State.Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. The first, as mentioned above is that no nation has all of the commodities that it needs. Raw materials are scattered around the world. Large deposits of copper are mined in Peru and Zaire, diamonds are mined in South Africa and petroleum is recovered in the Middle East. Countries that do not have these resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them.Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough ofa particular item to meet its needs. Although the United States is a major producer of sugar, it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar.Third, one nation can sell some items at a lower cost than other countries. Japan has been able to export large quantities of radios and television sets because it can produce them more efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for the United States to buy these from Japan than to produce themdomestically. According to economic theory, Japan should produce and export those items from which it derives a comparative advantage. It should also buy and import what it needs from those countries that have a comparative advantage in the desired items.Finally, foreign trade takes place because of innovation or style. Even though the United States produces more automobiles than any other country, it still imports large numbers of autos from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States.For most nations, exports and imports are the most important international activity. When nations export more than they import, they are said to have a favorable balance of trade. When they import more than they export, an unfavorable balance of trade exists. Nations try to maintain a favorable balance of trade, which assures them of the means to buy necessaryimports.International trade is the exchange ofgoods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. There are several reasons for it.The distribution lf natural resources around the world is somewhat haphazard: some nations possess natural deposits in excess of their own requirements while other nations have none. For example, Britain has large reserves of coal but lacks many minerals such as nickel, copper, aluminum etc, whereas the Arab states have vast oil deposits but little else. In the cultivation of natural products climates whereas others, such as citrus fruits, require a Mediterranean climate. Moreover, some nations are unable to produce sufficient of a particular product to satisfy a large home demand, for example, Britain and wheat. These are the reasons why international trade first began.With the development of manufacturing and technology, there arose another incentive for nations to exchange their products. It was found that it made economic sense for a nation to specialize in certain activities and produce those goods for which it had the most advantages, and to exchange those goods for the products of other nations which and advantages in different fields.This trade is based on the principle of comparative advantage.The theory of comparative advantage, also called the comparative cost theory, was developed by David Ricardo, and other economists in the nineteenth century. It points out that trade between countries can be profitable for all,even if one of the countries can produce every commodity more cheaply. As long as there are minor, relative differences in the efficiency of producing a commodity even the poof country can have a comparative advantage in producing it. The paradox is best illustrated by this traditional example: the best lawyer in town is also the best typist in town. Since this lawyer cannotafford to give up precious time from legal and typing matters. But thetypist’s comparative disadvantage is least in typing. Therefore, the typist has a relative comparative advantage in typing.This principle is the basis of specialization into trades and occupations. At the same time, complete specialization may never occur even when it is economically advantageous. For strategic or domestic reasons, a country may continue to produce goods for which it does not have an advantage. Thebenefits lf specialization may also be affecting by transport costs: goods and raw materials have to be transported around the world and the cost of the transport narrows the limits between which it will prove profitable to trade. Another impediment to the free flow of goods between nations is the possible introduction of artificial barriers to trade, such as tariffs or quotas.In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export lf goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations.Nations such as Greece and Norway have large marine fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invisible trade. When an exporter arranges shipment, he rents space in the cargo compartment or a ship.The prudent exporter purchases insurance for his cargo’s voyage. While at sea, a cargo is vulnerable to many dangers. Thus, insurance is another service in which some nations specialize. Great Britain, becauseof the development of Lloyd’s of L ondon, is a leading exporter of this service, earning fees for insuring other nations’ foreign trade.Some nations possess little in the way of exporter commodities or manufactured goods, but they have a mild and sunny climate. During the winter, the Bahamas attract large numbers of countries, who spend money for hotel accommodations, meals, taxis, and so on. Tourism, therefore, is another form of invisible trade.Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to other. In both cases, the nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to other. In both cases, the nations earn money to buy necessities.International trade today little resembles European commerce as it existed between the 16th century and the 19th century. Trade in earlier times was conducted largely between a mother country and its colonies. It was conducted according to strict mercantilist principles. The colonies were supposed to supply the mother country with raw materials, and they were expected to buyall finished goods from the mother country. Other forms of trade were forbidden to the colonies, but many of them evaded these restrictions.A result of the Industrial Revolution, which began in England in the 18th century, was the transformation of trade from a colonial exchange into a many sided international institution. Cottage industries gave way to mass production in factories. Railroads and steamships lowered the cost of transportation at the same time that new markets were being sought for the expanding output of goods.The Industrial Revolution also brought an end to mercantilist policies. The laissez-faire attitudes that emerged in their stead permitted businessmen to manufacture what they pleased and to trade freely with other nations. Trade was also stimulated by the growth of banking facilities, insurance companies, and improved commercial shipping and communications.The repeal of the Corn Laws by Great Britain in 1846 ended Britain’s longstanding policy of protectionism. During the 19th century, many European nations made commercial agreements with each other easing their tariff rates. Lower tariffs and the growth of population and industry caused trade to soarin the 19th century.In the 20th century two world wars and a major depression caused severe disturbances in international trade. Nations, sensing a threat to their domestic economies, sought to protect themselves from further disturbances by erecting various barriers to trade.The situation became even worse after Great Britain abandoned the gold standard. The nations that were closely related to Britain, including most of the members of the Commonwealth of gold standard. As the means of makinginternational payments broke down and trade restrictions increased, some countries had to resort to barter to obtain foreign goods.International trade was in such severe straits during the depression that a World Economic Conference was held in 1933. This conference, however, was unable to halt a rash of currency devaluations, tariff increases, and quota arrangements.In 1934, U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull persuaded Congress to pass the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act. This law authorized the President to negotiate tariff cuts with other nations. The Reciprocal Trade Act providedfor protection of U.S. industries in the event foreign imports increased to such a degree that U.S. businesses were injured. This protection includedperil point and escape clauses under which tariff cuts could by refused of rescinded if a U.S. industry suffered economic hardship. Despite the protectionist clauses in the act, U.S. tariffs were substantially reduced.Shortly before the end of World War Ⅱ, members of the United Nations met at Bratton Woods, N.H. to discuss ways of reducing the financial barriers to international trade. The International Monetary Fund was established as a result of the conference. The fund was designed to encourage the growth of international trade by stabilizing currencies and their rate of foreign exchange.In the early postwar period, more than 20 nations met in Geneva, Switzerland, to negotiate tariff reductions. When any two nations reached an agreement to reduce tariffs on a product, the benefits were extended to all participating nations. This was an application of the so-called most favored nation clause.The Geneva tariff agreements were written into the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). GATT also established standards for the conduct of international trade. Fox example, the agreement prohibits nations from placing quotas of limits on imports, except under very special circumstances.After World War Ⅱ a number of free trade areas were formed to solve trade problems on a regional basis. Tariffs on goods moving within these areas were to be abolished. Some of the groups also erected a single tariff on the goods of outsiders coming into their common area. Such groups are called customs unions. The goal of all trade blocs was to merge small political units intolarge geographic entities in which goods could be freely manufactured and sold.A large market area greatly stimulates economic growth and prosperity. These trade blocs are: Benelux, The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Economic Community (EEC or Common Market), the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECOM), the Latin American Free Trade Association (LAFTA), the Central American Common Market (CACM), the Caribbean Free Trade Area (CARIFTA), the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM).世界贸易和国际贸易在当今复杂的经济世界个人和国家都不是自给自足。
河南省郑州市外国语中学2025届高三冲刺模拟英语试卷含解析
河南省郑州市外国语中学2025届高三冲刺模拟英语试卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．— Who recommended Nancy for the post?— It was James ______ admiration for her was obvious.A．who B．that C．whose D．whom2．Peter has previous experience, ______ I think he’s the right person for the job.A．or B．butC．for D．so3．Maybe some of you are curiou s about what my life was like on the streets because I’ve never really talked about it______.A．in place B．in turn C．in force D．in depth4．Not until they left school________how much their teachers loved them and helped them.A．they realized B．did they realizedC．the would realized D．had they realized5．There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds ______ they are not objectively true, and that giants, witches, two-headed dragons etc do not exist.A．that B．what C．which D．when6．You look beautiful in this dress and there is only one of this kind left here. I wonder if you would buy ________. A．it B．oneC．some D．any7．If it had not been for the heroes’ contributions and sacrifices, we _____such a happy life.A．wouldn’t have led B．wouldn’t be leadingC．haven’t led D．are not leading8．Peterson, a great archaeologist, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe that the ministry was ________ this problem, but we feel that we can't wait any longer.”A．looking out B．bringing out C．carrying out D．sorting out9．What is your main reason for choosing one restaurant another?A．over B．ofC．from D．for10．After the fire，________________ would otherwise be a cultural center is now reduced to a pile of ashes.A．that B．itC．what D．which11．As a child, I was _________to keep quiet when my parents were discussing something, while parents nowadays often ask for their children’s opinions.A．demanded B．hoped C．forbidden D．required12．After making the speech, he went through it in his mind to reflect where he_________ better.A．could do B．would do C．could have done D．would have done13．Despite the obvious privacy concerns, the use of facial-recognition technology is ________ at some public places. A．out of danger B．on the run C．out of sight D．on the rise14．Some warned that the step the US government has taken to cope with the current crisis is ________ much risk. A．one of B．the one of C．the one D．that one15．By doing so, you can ________ more information and details about the topic, and better understand it.A．keep up with B．do away withC．have access to D．get down to16．Is it he or you ________ in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually?A．who is B．that isC．who are D．whom are17．The conference aims to develop business and let people think about _______ they can have a positive influence on the planet.A．why B．thatC．what D．how18．— Tell me something about his match in Sydney.— Well，he got the championship，we had expected.He made it at last.A．as B．what C．why D．how19．—Ted has never been so rude!—He ______something he shouldn’t have, but I guess he didn’t mean that.A．has said B．had saidC．said D．was saying20．The kid is crying, for he ______ jump over the ditch on his own.A．dares not to B．dare not to C．doesn’t dare to D．dares not第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。