石油人 第五届(2013年)职称英语网络培训《通用选读》课件 第47课
石油人 第五届(2013年)中石油职称英语网络培训《通用选读》 第31-40课练习题
Lesson 311. Today three out of four Americans _____ towns, cities or suburbs.A. live through经历过B. live in住在C. live up to做到，符合D. live on以…为主食，以…为生2. Washington was __ by French architect Pierre L'Enfant in the late 18th century.A. laid downB. laid outC. laid asideD. laid offlay down 放下, 放弃；lay out 设计，安排；lay aside 搁置, 积蓄；lay off 解雇, 停止工作；3. America's early were attracted by the fertile land and varied climates it offered for farming.A. settlers移民B. inherents固有的，内在的C. residents居民D. lodgers租住者4.Many live in Hawaii, more than ____of whose people boast 【自夸】 on Asian or Polynesian heritage.A. two thirdB. two-thirdC. two-thirdsD. twos thirds5.Underground,a wealth of_____ provides a solid base【基础】for American industry.A. mines 开采B. miners矿工C. ministry 部长D. minerals6. American _____awes【敬畏】 the viewer with both its variety 【多样化】 and size.A. scene【景色】B. scheme 计划，安排C. science科学D. screen屏幕7. The entire【全部的】 nation (all 50 states) covers an area of 9 million square kilometers and has a ____of 220 million people.A.population【人口】B. pollution 污染C. portion 一部分D. position位置8. The melting pot has also _____nearly 600,000 Japanese, halfa million Chinese and 340,000 Filipinos.A. abundant大量的B. accomplish ed完成，实现C. absorbed【吸收】D. accelerate d加速，促进9.Two-thirds of all families live in _____households【家庭】,and 65 percent own their homes.A. separatelyB. separationC. separatingD. separate单独的，各自的（a.v.）Lesson 321.He was a very big Mako shark built【体格】to swim __the fastest fish in the sea.A. as faster asB. as fastly asC. as fast asD. as more fastly as2. When the old man saw him ___he knew that this was a shark.A. comeB. cameC. comingD. comes3. That was the _____of the brain and the old man hit it.A. location 位置B. situation 情况C. address 地址D. place 地方4. The old man saw his eye was not____.A. living 活的，健在的B. live活的，有生命的（动物）C. lively活泼的D. alive有生气的5. I wish that I_____ the fish and was alone in bed on the newspapers.A. have never hookedB. did not hookC. do not hookD.had never hooked6.They sailed【航行】 well and the old man _____ his hands in the salt water and tried to keep his head clear.A. soaped用肥皂洗B. soaked【浸，泡】C. sobbed哭泣D. solved解决7. The old man's head was clear and good now and he was full of______.A. solution解决B. resolution【决心】C. restriction限制，约束D. routine日常事务，惯例8. When the fish had been hit it was ____ he himself were hit.A. even though即使B. thoughC. althoughD. as thoughLesson 331. Geologists, __ some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum.A. in reply to答复B. in contrast to与…形成对比C. in proportion to与...成比例D. in relation to与…有关2.In 1982 a successful oil finder admitted to not ___geologists.A. usingB. useC. to useD. used3. Then present exploration methods would need __modification 【修改】.A. intensive加强的B. extensive大量的C. expensive昂贵的D. successive连续的anic【有机的】 chemistry ___the analysis【分析】 of oil and gas.A. is fit for 适用于B. is absorbed in全神贯注于C. is made up of由…组成D. is involved in涉及5. Petroleum geology is the application【应用】 of geology to the ___for and production【生产】 of oil and gas.A. explosion爆炸B. explanation 解释C. expectation期望D. exploration勘探6.They are now increasingly physical and chemical, andtherefore【因此】 more_______.A. objective【客观的】B. objection反对C. observation观察D. occasional偶然的7.Detailed【详细的】 knowledge of the mineralogical【矿物学的】_____ of rocks is important at many levels【方面】.A. concentration集中B. conclusion结论C. composition【构成】D. competition竞争8.Nor ______be evaluated【评价】 effectively【有效地】 without geophysical wireline【电缆】 well logs【测井】 to measure【测量】the lithology【岩性】.A. could any findsB. any finds couldC. could some findsD. some finds could9.If the petroleum geologists' view of oil_____ and migration 【迁移】 are not accepted.A. geography地理学B. generation产生C. geology地质学D. glorious光荣的10. These examples are not_____ cases.A. obligation【责任】B. sophisticated【复杂的】，C. isolate孤立，隔离D. isolated【孤立的】11.（37.）Ecology, _____ the relationships between organisms and their environments, is also important in petroleum geology.【32课】同位语A. the study ofB. it studyC. that studyD. studying翻译：生态学，即研究生物与其环境之间关系的科学，在石油地质中也很重要。
石油人 第五届(2013年)职称英语网络培训《通用选读》课件 第35课
35.Trends for 21st Century 21世纪的趋势1. What problems will our world encounter【遇到】in the next 1,000 years? Social scientists and economists, farming experts【专家】 and environmentalists pose【提出】 this question and examine data and information from surveys.1、在今后的1000年里,我们的世界会面临哪些问题呢？社会科学家、经济学家、农业专家和环境保护主义者提出了这个问题，并对调查所得的数据和信息进行了研究。
2. In every field, experts examine【检查】changes to understand the state【状况】 of the field. To understand a country’s economy, economists【经济学家】 check growth【增长】 in an industry such as steel【钢】.各个领域的专家都通过对变化的研究来了解该领域的状况。
为了了解一个国家的经济状况，经济学家对某个行业——如钢铁业——的增长情况进行调查。
To understand the state of business, they may look at the number of building permits【许可证】 for new houses. The information learned shows increases【增加】 or decreases【减少】. Important trends【趋势】emerge in【出现】 each field.为了了解行业的状况，他们可能会调查新房建造许可证的发放数量。
石油人 第五届(2013年)职称英语网络培训《通用选读》课件 第25课
25. Hints【暗示，建议】 to Improve【提高】 Spoken English提高英语口语须知 07版 2010版1. Speaking English fluently【流利地】 and accurately【准确地】 is a goal of many people studying English in China.流利并准确地说英语是中国许多英语学习者的一个目标。
Fluency【流利】 can be simply【2010年考题】 define d【定义】as"being able to communicate【交流，交际】 ideas without having to stop and think too much about what one is saying";流利可简单地定义为“具有交流各种思想的能力，无须停下来对话题进行过多思考”。
语法：1.define:定义 refine：精炼 confine：限制，局限于2.too much +不可数名词 too many + 可数名词much too +形容词speaking accurately means "speaking without errors【错误】 of grammar and vocabulary【词汇】". 说话准确的意思是“说话不犯语法错误和词汇错误”。
2. The problem is that many students find that if they try to speak fast, they make more mistakes. 问题在于：许多学生发现，如果他们试图讲得快，所犯错误就更多。
And, if they slow down, there may be fewer errors but it can sound unnatural【不自然的】. 如果他们讲话速度放慢，错误可能会减少，可是听上去就不自然。
石油人 第五届(2013年)中石油职称英语网络培训《大纲语法》动词的语态
17.动词的语态语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主语是动作的发出者时为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者时为被动语态。
被动语态由：“be+过去分词“构成。
1.若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变成被动语态时，该不定式前要加“to“。
此类动词为感官动词。
例如：feel, hear, help, listen to，look at，make，observe，see，notice，watch等。
例：The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 老师让我离开教室。
--> I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）.We saw him play football on the playground. 我看到他在操场上踢足球。
-->He was seen to play football on the playground.2.情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。
例如：Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤可以产生工农业需要的电。
3.be+过去分词结构不一定都是被动语态，有些动词（主要是表示状态的动词）后面的过去分词，实际是形容词用作表语，表示某种状态。
例：The teacher felt pleased with her homework。
老师对他的作业感到满意。
Children are easily excited。
小孩子容易兴奋。
但在过去分词后面如有“by+动作执行者“就构成被动语态。
例：The glass was broken by Tom。
那只玻璃杯是汤姆打破的。
一、let的被动语态1. 当let后面有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to的不定式。
例：They let the stranger go。
石油人 第五届(2013年)中石油职称英语网络培训《通用选读》 第51-60课练习题
Lesson 511.The companies that are finding ways to ___their olderworkers benefit from an intangible【无形的】commodity【商品】.A. hang on to紧紧抓住B. hang on不挂断C. hang up挂断D. hang about闲荡，闲逛２.The number of workers 65 and up __expected to increase【增加】 117% by 2025.A. wasB. areC. isD. were3.This is a ____issue for employers to overcome【克服】-for their own good."A. crazy疯狂的B. criminal犯罪的C. critical关键性的D. currency货币4. He had reached an age and ___ enough years of service to sail【启航】 off into the sunset【日落】 with a good pension 【退休金】.A. aboard 在船上B. absorbed吸收C. adapted适应，改编D. accumulated积累5. The bridge period can be used to____ a veteran【经验丰富的】employee's knowledge and skills to the next generation 【一代】.A. transfer转移B. translate翻译C. transport运输D. travel旅行6. He took it-on the condition【条件】 it not _____with sailing season.A. interpret解释，说明B. interview 面试，会见C. interfere【妨碍】D. interrelate 相互关联7.(8.) The companies that are finding ways to hang on to their older workers _______ from an intangible commodity: wisdom. 【2010年考题】A. obtain获得B. earn赚得C. develop发展D. benefit有益于Lesson 521. Almost 70 percent of all non-food purchases in supermarkets are generate d by in-store______.A. decisive决定性的B. decide v.C. decisions决定D. decided2. Sales promotion consists of those promotional【推销的】activities ___advertising, personal selling, and publicity 【宣传】.A. more than超过，多于B. less than小于，少于C. rather than宁愿D. other than除了，不同于3. The techniques【手段】of sales promotion are varied and____.A. normal正常的B. numerous许多的C. numerical数字的D. common常见的，共同的4._____five years ago, three of five firms had moved to spend more of their advertising budget【预算】 on such nonmedia alternatives.A. Compared withB. Compare withC. To compare withD. Comparing with5. To ____its advertising effort, the company used a variety of sales-promotion techniques【手段】.A. supply供应B. implement工具C.supplementD. imply暗示6.Sales promotion is temporary【暂时的】______.A. in person 亲自B. in part 部分地C. in nature【在本质上】D. in order整齐7.Sales promotion is not_____【有限制的】 to the stimulation 【刺激】 of demand【需求】 at the consumer level.A. districtB. strictC. restrictedD. interested8.The techniques【手段】 employed, to be effective【有效的】,should be _____with local preference【喜好】.A. constant不变的B. consequently因此，所以C. consist组成D. consistent【一致的】Lesson 531.A light drizzle【毛毛雨】_____ as my sister Jill and I ran out of the Methodist Church.A.was fallingB. fallingC. fellD. is falling2.I noticed【注意】a family standing outside the locked door, huddled【挤作一团】 under the narrow overhang【屋檐】 in an ___ to keep dry.A. attempt试图B. tempt引诱，诱惑C. attendant服务员D. attack袭击3. The closer we got to the turnoff【岔道】 for my grandparents' house,___ the car went.A. slowB. the slowlyC.the slowerD. slowly4. When my father ___ the service station, I saw that there were five of them.A. picked up拾起，捡起B. talk into说服C. pulled out拉出，抽出D. pulled into进去，驶入5. I watched out the window ____I could, looking back at the little girl hugging her new doll.A. if only要是…就好了B. as long as只要C. as if似乎，好像D. as to至于，关于6.（ 9.） I raced to_______ Jill. 【2010年考题】A. keep on继续B. keep up with跟上C. come up with提出D. come up to接近，达到7.My father reached into his pocket and pulled out two dollars,____ was all he had left until his next payday【发薪日】.A. whatB. thatC. howD. whichLesson 541.Having a fine library doesn't prove that its owner has a mind enriched【使丰富】 by books; it proves _____that he, his father, or his wife, was rich enough to buy them.A. anything more thanB. nothing more than仅仅，只不过C. something more thanD. everything more than2.You do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense 【意义】 until you___ it and get it into your bloodstream.A. assume假设B. resume 恢复，重新开始C. presume假定，假设D. consume消费3.If reading is to accomplish【完成】 anything ___passing time, it must be active.A. more than不仅仅B. nothing more than仅仅C. other than除了D. less than小于4. If, when you ___ a book, the pages are filled with your notes, you know you read actively.A. have finished to readB. had finished to readC. had finished readingD. have finished reading5.You can't let your eyes glide【滑动】 across the lines ofa book and ___an understanding of what you have read.A. come out出来，长出B. come along出现C. come up with提出，想出D. come across偶然遇到6.No great musician ______a symphony【交响乐】 with the printed sheet of music.A. connects连接B. registers登记，注册C. refuses拒绝D. confuses【混淆】7.（13.）A(An) _______ is better than the text and may make the point clear.【2010年考题】A. interpretation解释B. representation表现C. illustration例证D. draw绘画8. Why is marking up a book ______to reading?A. independence 独立B. independent独立的C. indeed的确D. indispensable【必不可少的】Lesson 551. China and America are separated by_____.A. Pacific OceanB. a Pacific OceanC. the Pacific OceanD. Pacific Oceans2. One main branch of sea science,___, holds enormousunanswered questions. 同位语A. physical oceanographyB. is physical oceanographyC. called physical oceanographyD. what is physical oceanography3.If all the continents and mountains were bulldozed【削平】flat, the earth __ by water more than 12,000 feet deep.A. is coveredB. would be coveredC. could have been coveredD. might had been covered4.Only if these negative【否定的】 results are valid【有效的】____ be able to formulate【阐述】 the question.A. will heB. he willC. would heD. he would5.Sea and air are divided by a viscous【粘性的】 curtain; beneath the curtain is an element【成分】 weighing ___air.A. as much 800 times asB. as much as 800 timesC. as 800 times much asD. 800 times as much as6. (5.) We know that many animals _______ the deep seas at pressures of 15,000 pounds per square inch.【2010年考题】A. live on住在…上，以…为生 B. live in住在某地C. live through经历过D. live up to符合，实行7.The ocean is the place where we should be putting our___ in order to provide for future generations【一代人】.''A. efforts【努力】B. editions 版本C. miracles 奇迹D. shelter遮蔽，避难所8.The sunlit【阳光照射的】 pastures【牧场】 are at the top, where the water is ____with tiny【微小的】 drifting【漂浮的】vegetables.A. saturation饱和，浸透B. scheduled安排C. saturated【充满】D. seldom很少9. Water itself is ____to the future of the race.A. voluntary自愿的B. visual看得见的，视觉的C. vivid生动的D. vital【极重要的】10.（ 38.） If all the continents and mountains were bulldozed flat, the earth __ covered by water.【2011年考题】A. would beB. would have beenC. would had beenD. would been11.（7）The Atlantic hydrographic chart is being _____ continuously; even as we speak submarines are charting the Arctic basin under the ice.【2011年考题】A. rehearsed排练，排演B. revised修订C. renewed复原，更新D. retiled从新用瓦盖Lesson 561.The ____ are reported to be carrying in live herring【鲱鱼】 to be dumped【倾倒】 overboard in an attempt at sea "farming."A. Russia俄国B. RussiasC. RussianD. Russians2. The answer _____ a number of factors【因素】,not the least of which is isolation【与世隔绝】 itself.A. lays out设计B. lies outC. lays in贮藏D. lies in在于3. Antarctica is ____ to have mineral resources comparable 【可比较的】 to those of other great continents.A. boundB. bounded有界限的C. bind装订，捆绑D. blind盲目的4.When the United States was born, the continent【大陆】 of Antarctica【南极洲】 was as _____ as the moon.A. remove移走B. remote遥远的C. promote提升D. promise承诺5. In the quest【搜索】 for ___ knowledge, which is the heart and soul so all science.A. fundamental基本的B. comparable类似的C. accumulation积累D. significance重要性6.The Antarctica treaty【条约】_____all areas (the high seas excepted) below latitude【维度】 60 degrees south.A. applies to【适用于】B. appeals to 向…呼吁C. contributes to 捐献D. dates back to追溯到Lesson 571. Anyone who refuses too often to listen to the other side of a question risks becoming __ minded. 思想狭隘的A. thinB. narrowC. thickD. sorrow2. I am unable to what he is saying.A. concentrate on集中，专注B. concentrate inC. finish with完成D. finish off结束3. Your eyes give you ____if your absent-minded answers d on’t.A. up放弃B. off发出，释放C. away泄露D. in屈服，让步4. If you let the words enter your mind, you may be surprised to discover that they make _____.A. senseB. sensible明智的C. sensitive敏感的D. senseful5. While you are busy _____facts A, B, and C in your mind, you are losing out facts D and E.A. to plantB. plantingC. plantedD. to planting6. Have you ever ____listening as something you could do right or wrong?A.turned off关闭B.thought ofC.wrote off 迅速写出，毁掉D.got off脱下7.Daydream【白日梦】 Listening: You can think about four timesas fast as the _____person speaks.A. aware知道的B. automatic 自动的C. appreciable可估计的D. average【平均的】8.When you try to get too many of the speaker's words on paper,part of your mind must be ______with your note-taking.A. filled 填满的B. composedC. obligedD. concernedbe composed of:由…组成be obliged to:不得不Lesson 581.If we could teach people to think more positively, it ___like inoculating【接种预防】 them against these mental【心理的】ills."A. isB. wasC. will beD. would be2._____,the company hired 100 people who had failed the standard【标准】 industry testA. ImpressionB. ImpressingC. ImpressedD. Impress3.A sense of control, according to Anderson, is the litmus test 【试金石】 for____.A. succeed v.成功B. success n.成功C. successful成功的D. successfully成功地4. Positive thinking _____ positive action-and reaction.A. leads to导致B. contrasts to与…形成对比C. contributes to贡献，有助于D. takes to喜欢，开始从事5. Too many "don'ts" and warnings【警告】 of danger can makea child feel incompetent【无能力的】, fearful –and____. A. permission允许 B. pessimism悲观主义C. pessimistic悲观的D. pessimist悲观主义者6. (2.) They found that the positive thinkers sold 37 percent more insurance than did the_______ thinkers. 【2010年考题】A. negative消极的 B. positive 积极的C. active主动的D. passive被动的7.(17.) When pessimists __ in their first attempt, they usually say, "I can't do this." 【2010年考题】A. feel感觉B. fail 失败C. defeat击败D. lost失去的8.Do you see the glass as half-full_____ half-empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut【炸面圈】,not upon the hole?A. refer to 提及，暗指B. remind of提醒，使记起C. relative to和…比较起来D. rather than而不是Lesson 591.______ the great state of Illinois, let me express my deepest gratitude.A. In honor of为了纪念B. In place of 代替C. On behalf of代表D. On account of由于2. After the war, they moved west all the way to Hawaii _____ opportunity.A. in regard to关于B. in search of寻找C. in place of代替D. in spite of虽然，尽管3. They imagined me ____to the best schools in the land, even though they weren't rich.A. to goB. goingC. goD. to going4. They, too, had big dreams for their daughter. A ____ dream, born of two continents.A. common共同的，常见的B. usual通常的，经常的C. ordinary普通的D. general一般的，普遍的5. I wondered how he would pay 4,500 dollars a month for the drugs his son needs without the health benefits that he ____.A. hung on紧紧抓住，坚持B. counted on依赖，依靠C. held on坚持，不挂断D. came on快点，进展6. (7.) _______of the great state of Illinois, let me express my deepest gratitude for the privilege of addressing this convention.【2010年考题】A. On accountB. In honorC. In placeD. On behalfLesson 601. The _____ about energy taken here in the US, back in SaudiArabia, and indeed across the globe are important.A. honors荣誉B. invitations邀请C. factors因素D. decisions决定2. The world currently consumes【消耗】 around 210 million barrels per day of oil _____ with most of that supplied by a fairly limited【有限的】 number of sources.A. equally平等地B. essential必要的C. equivalent【相当的，等同物】D. reliable可靠的3. Oil meets nearly 40 percent of the world's total energy needs, coal and natural gas each _______for【占】 just under a quarter of total demand【需求】.A. adapt适应B. accountC. adopt采用D. apply应用4.In addition, because the number of currently viable【切实可行的】 energy sources _____ so limited【有限的】.A. areB. isC. wasD. were5. There are distinct【明显的】 reasons ______oil is the fuel of choice in the all-important transportation sector.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. why6. We all recognize that mitigating【减轻】 the ______ impact that energy production and consumption has on the natural environment is becoming increasingly important.A. precious宝贵的B. limited有限的C. abundant大量的D. negative【负面的】7. I believe we can ______ in achieving the sustainable【可持续的】 energy future this great country and the wider world deserves.A. succeed成功B. consume消耗C. predict预测D. expand扩张。
石油人 第五届(2013年)职称英语网络培训《通用选读》课件 第34课
34.What Do Parents Owe【欠】Their Children 父母欠子女什么？ 2010版1.If I had to select【挑选】 a word that best describes【描述】 the majority【大多数】 of American parents, that word would be guilt-ridden【内疚】. 如果我必须挑选取一个词，来描述美国的大多数父母，这个词便是“内疚”。
How sad it is to see parents become the willing【愿意的】victims【牺牲者】 of the "give-me game”,only to discover that, no matter what they do, it isn't enough. 目睹父母们甘愿做“给我游戏”的牺牲者是很令人伤心的。
但我们发现无论他们怎么做，都还是不够。
In the end, they are despised【蔑视】for their lack of firmness 【坚定】 and blamed when their spoiled【宠坏的】 children get in trouble【惹上麻烦】. 到最后，父母们都会因自己的软弱而受到蔑视，因他们宠坏的孩子惹出事端而受到责备。
With this in mind, I shall first answer this question:" What do parents owe their children?" and I shall start with what they don't owe them.认识到这些，我们应该首先回答这个问题：“父母欠子女些什么？”而我首先要从他们不欠子女什么谈起。
2.Parents don't owe their children every minute of their day and every ounce【盎司】 of their energy【精力，能量】. 父母不必把分分钞钞，点点滴滴的精力都花在孩子们身上。
石油人 第五届(2013年)职称英语网络培训《通用选读》课件 第23课
23.A Sandpiper to Bring You Joy 【欢乐】矶鹞带来快乐 2010版She was six years old when I first met her on the beach near where I live.I drive to this beach,a distance【距离】of three or four miles,whenever the world begins to close in on【包围】 me.She was building a sandcastle or something and looked up,her eyes as blue as the sea.我第一次和她在那个海滩上相遇时，她整六岁。
这个海滩离我的住处约有三、四英里。
每当我心情压抑，感到烦恼时，就驱车上哪儿去。
当时她正在用沙子堆积一个城堡似的东西。
看到我来，她抬起头来望着我，那双眼睛像大海般深邃、湛蓝。
语法：1.look up:向上看，查找 look forward to期望look down upon轻视 look after照顾“Hello,”she said.I answered with a nod,not really in the mood【心情】 to bother【打扰，费脑筋】 with a small child. “您好！”她说。
我点了点头作为回答，说实在的，我没有心思跟一个小女孩费神。
“I'm building,” she said.“我在盖房子呢！”她又说。
“I see that.What is it?” I asked, not caring.“我看见了。
这盖的是什么房子呢？”我心不在焉地问道。
“Oh,I don't know,I just like the feel【感觉】of sand.”“噢，我不知道，我就是喜欢摸沙子的感觉。
石油人 第五届(2013年)职称英语网络培训《通用选读》课件 第41课
41.The Subject of Smiling微笑问题1.In the spring of this year, a Beijing television channel 【频道】 produced a program called, "Smile." It televised 【实况播送】 the reaction【反应】 of people on the street when confronted with【使面对】 a smile from an unknown person, chosen at random【随便的】. 这一年春天，北京电视台以《微笑》为题作了一档街头调查节目：请一些人在街道上对着遇到的行人微笑，以观察行人的反应。
Most people were either surprised or seemed a little worried.A few more enthusiastic【热情的，狂热的】 people even muttered 【轻声低语】that the person who smiled was "crazy". The number of people who actually returned the smile could be counted on one hand.结果多数人现出惊讶或紧张的表情，更激烈些的则骂一声“神经病”。
回报以微笑的路人屈指可数。
2.It seems Chinese people don't really like to smile and that's the impression they convey to【把...传达给】 the world.中国人不太爱笑，这差不多是个国际印象。
3.What is not understood by outsiders is that smiling in China is a very meaningful【有意义】 and subtle【微妙的】 thing. 外国人不明白，笑在中国是一件内涵颇深的事情。
石油人 第五届(2013年)职称英语网络培训《通用选读》课件 第58课
58.Your Are What You Think 你认为自己是什么样的人，就是什么样的人 2010年翻译And if you change your mind-from pessimism【悲观】 to optimism 【乐观】 -you can change your life如果你改变想法--从悲观变为乐观--你就可以改变自己的生活1. Do you see the glass as half-full rather than half-empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut【炸面圈】,not upon the hole? 你看酒杯是装了半杯酒而不是半杯没装酒吗？你的眼睛就是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗？Suddenly these cliches【陈词滥调】 are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize【仔细观察】 the power of positive 【积极的】 thinking.当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈词滥调突然间成了科学问题。
2.A fast-growing body【大量，许多】 of research-104 studies so far,involving some 15,000 people-is proving that optimism 【乐观】 can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. 迅速增长的大量研究工作--迄今已有104项研究项目，涉及15，000人--证明乐观可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。
Pessimism【悲观】lead s, by contrast, to hopelessness【绝望】,sickness【疾病】 and failure, and is linked to【与…有关】depression【沮丧】,loneliness【孤独】 and painful shyness 【害羞】. 与此相反，悲观则导致绝望、疾病以及失败，它与沮丧孤独、令人痛苦的腼腆密切相关，"If we could teach people to think more positively," says psychologist Craig A. Anderson of Rice University in Houston, "it would be like inoculating【接种预防】 them against these mental【心理的】 ills."位于休斯顿的赖斯大学心理学家雷格·A·安得森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就像为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。
石油人 第五届(2013年)职称英语网络培训《通用选读》课件 第28课
28.The Magic【魔力，魔术】 of Energy 能的魔力 07,2010版 07年阅读1.We talk about energy all the time-"Zilch【微不足道的事物】,the energy food," "energy crisis【危机】," and so on.我们时时刻刻讨论着能：“能量食物”，“能源危机”，等等。
If asked to define【定义】 it,however,we'd probably respond 【回答】 with something like "Well,it's-uh-well,youknow-electricity【电】."如果要我们去给能下个定义，答案很可能是一些模棱两可的话：“哦，能量是，嗯，你知道，电。
”2.True;electricity is one kind of energy.However,energy comes in many forms【形式】.确实，电是能量中的一种。
但是，能量可以来自多种形式。
You cannot see or smell or taste energy,but it's always there,and one of the most fascinating【迷人的】 things about it is its ability【能力】 to change from one form to another-like magic【魔术】.你看不见、闻不到、也品尝不了能，但是，它始终存在着，关于能量，最吸引人的就是，它具有从一种形式转换成另外一种形式的能力，简直如同魔术。
This principle【原理】 of change is what keep s everything-and everyone-going in this world of ours.这些转化的原理是维持我们这个世界每一样事物、每一个人的运动。
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47.Oil 油 06年阅读 04年翻译 07版,2010版1. The existence【存在】 of oil wells has been known for a long time. Some of the Indians of North America used to collect and sell the oil from the wells of Pennsylvania. 油井的存在由来已久。
北美的一些印第安人过去常常去宾夕法尼亚的油井采集油来出售。
No one, however, seems to have realized the importance of this oil until it was found that paraffin-oil【煤油】 could be made from it; this led to the development of the wells and to the making of enormous【巨大的】 profits【利润】. 一直以来，没有人认识到这种油的重要性，后来人们发现它可提炼出煤油来，情况才为之一变。
自此油井遂蓬勃发展，巨额利润也由此产生。
When the internal combustion engine【内燃机】 was invented, oil became of【发生】worldwide importance.当内燃机发明后，石油更具有世界性重要意义。
2. What was the origin【起源】 of the oil which now drives our motor-cars and aircraft【飞机】? 现在驱动汽车和飞机的油的起源是什么？Scientists are confident about the formation【形成，构成】 of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. 科学家对煤的形成一清二楚，然而论及石油时，它们就不那么有把握了。
They think that the oil under the surface of the earth originated in【起源于】the distant【遥远的】 past, and was formed from living things in the sea. 他们认为，处于地表下的油起源于远古，并是由海洋生物形成的。
Countless【无数的】billions of minute【微小的】 sea creatures and plants lived and sank【sink】 to the sea bed. 数亿的微小海洋动物和植物繁衍生殖并沉到海底。
They were covered with huge deposits【沉淀物】 of mud; and by processes【过程】 of chemistry, pressure and temperature were changed through long ages into what we know as oil. 它们被厚厚的泥沙沉积物所覆盖，并由于化学变化、压力和温度的作用过程，在漫长的时间中变成了我们所知道的石油。
For there creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they should be imprisoned【密封】 between layers of rock for an enormous length of time. 这些生物要变成石油，必须被密封在岩石之中很长时间。
The statement that oil originated in the sea is confirm ed 【证实】 by a glance at a map showing the chief oilfield of the world; very few of them are far distant from the oceans of today. 如果瞧一瞧标明世界主要油田的地图，石油起源于海洋之说便可以得到证实，极少有油田是远离今天的海洋的。
In some places gas and oil come up to the surface of the sea from its bed. The rocks in which oil is found are of marine 【海洋的】 origin too. 在某些地方，天然气和石油从海底冒出海面。
含油的岩石与海洋也有渊源关系。
They are sedimentary rocks【水成岩】,rocks which were laid down 【lay down:放下】 by the action of water on the bed of the ocean. 它们是水成岩，是由海水作用沉至海底的。
Almost always the remains【残骸】 of shells, and other proofs 【证据】 of sea life, are found close to the oil.在有石油地方的附近几乎总是有贝壳遗骸和其他海洋生物的证据。
A very common sedimentary rock is called shale【页岩】,which is a soft rock and was obviously【显然地】 formed by being deposited on the sea bed. And where there is shale there is likely to be oil.一种十分常见的水成岩叫油页岩，他是一种很软的岩石，很明显是因为被压积在海底而后形成的。
而哪儿有油页岩，哪儿就可能有石油。
3. Geologists, scientists who study rocks, indicate【指出】the likely places to the oil drillers【钻井工】.研究岩石的科学家即地质学家给石油钻井工指明可能产生油处。
In some cases oil comes out of the ground without any drilling at all and has been used for hundreds of years. 有些地方，根本无需挖掘，油自动冒出地面，并已这样使用了几百年。
In the island of Trinidad the oil is in the form of asphalt 【沥青】,a substance【物质】used for making roads. 在特立尼达岛，石油以沥青-即用作铺路的物质-形式存在。
Sir Walter Raleigh visited the famous pitch【沥青】 lake of Trinidad in 1595; it is said to contain nine thousand million tons of asphalt. There are probably huge quantities【数量】of crude oil beneath the surface.在沃尔特·罗利爵士在1595年访问过特立尼达的著名沥青湖，据说该湖的沥青容量有90亿吨。
在其地表下可能有大量原油。
4. The king of the oilfield is the driller. He is a very skilled man. Sometimes he sends his drill more than a mile into the earth. 油田的主角是钻井工。
他们是熟练技术工人。
有时他得把钻头钻入地下一英里深。
During the process【过程】 of drilling, gas and oil at great pressure【压力】 may suddenly be met, and if this rushes out and catches fire, the oil well may never be brought into operation【操作】at all. This danger is well known and steps are always taken to prevent【阻止】 it.在钻探过程中，由于巨大的压力，可能会突然碰上气和油，而如果油气喷出来并着了火，此油井便可能永远无法启用。
这种危险是人人共知的，因此人们采取防护措施。
5. There is a lot of luck in drilling for oil. The drill may just miss the oil although it is near; on the other hand, it may strike【突然发现】 oil at a fairly high level.在钻井采油中也常要碰运气。
钻头可能离油很近，但却失之交臂。
而有时钻头可能在很浅处就碰上了油。
When the drill goes down, it brings up soil. The samples【样品】 of soil from various depths are examined for traces【痕迹】 of oil. If they are disappointed at one place, the drillers go to another.钻头钻下去，把土带上来。
人们检验从不同深处带上来的土样以探明油迹。
如果一处落空了，钻井工就转移到另一处。
Great sums of money have been spent, for example in the deserts of Egypt, in 'prospecting'【勘探】 for oil. Sometimes little is found. 为了“勘探”石油，已花费了巨额钱财，例如在埃及沙漠就是那样。
有时所获甚微。
When we buy a few gallons【加仑】 of petrol for our cars, we pay not only the cost of the petrol, but also part of the cost of the search that is always going on.当我们为自己的汽车购买几加仑汽油时，我们付的不仅仅是汽油的价钱，而且还包括了一部分不断在进行着的勘探费用。