河北历史中考练习题及答案
2023年中考历史专题复习:中国特色社会主义道路 真题练习题汇编(含答案解析)

2023年中考历史专题复习:中国特色社会主义道路真题练习题汇编一、选择题1.(2021·福建福州·统考中考真题)下图所示为深圳市地区生产总值的变化,其主要原因是A.家庭联产承包责任制实行B.对外开放实行及不断深化C.国有企业改革的持续推行D.相对优越的区域地理位置2.(2021·福建福州·统考中考真题)2001年,中国加入世界贸易组织。
到2011年,中国外贸进出口总额已从2001年的5098亿美元,增加到超过3.6万亿美元,成为世界第一大出口国和第二大进口国。
这直接佐证了世界贸易组织的作用是A.推动了成员经济发展B.提高了科技的创新水平C.维护了世界和平与安全D.加快了亚太一体化进程3.(2022·福建福州·统考模拟预测)从1982年十二大提出“计划经济为主,市场调节为辅”的方针,到1992年十四大明确提出建立社会主义市场经济体制。
说明我国()A.经济体制改革不断的深化B.全方位对外开放格局已形成C.社会的主要矛盾已经变化D.人民生活水平得到显著提高4.(2022·福建漳州·统考二模)对联艺术是中华民族的文化瑰宝。
如图所示是对我党历史上一次伟大变革的记述。
对此解读最准确的是()第1页共23页A.十一届三中全会决策深入人心B.深圳经济特区的试点广受好评C.安徽包产到户的实行开展有序D.国有企业体制的改革成效显著5.(2022·福建泉州·统考模拟预测)1978年5-6月,国务院副总理谷牧率团访问联邦德国的巴伐利亚州时,州长在宴会上主动表示愿意提供50亿美元的资金支持,而且不用谈判,握握手就算定了。
该材料可用于佐证()A.德国成为中国最大的外贸伙伴B.中德两国发展面临着新的挑战C.握手约定是德国人的谈判传统D.良好外部环境促成了对外开放6.(2022·福建龙岩·统考模拟预测)“证券、股票、市场,这些东西究竟好不好,有没有危险,是不是资本主义独有的东西,社会主义能不能用?允许看,但要坚决地试。
12 中考历史关键考点分类强化练习题汇编:宋元时期经济、社会生活与科技文化

中考历史关键考点分类强化练习题汇编考点:宋元时期经济、社会生活与科技文化一、单项选择题(本题共15个小题,每小题2分,共30分)1.下图为旋化辽代墓葬中发现的壁画《备茶图》,尽管辽地并不产茶,但壁画中描绘的茶具与烹茶程序,皆体现出唐宋茶法在辽地的影响,这一发现最能证明宋辽时期()A.农业生产发展B.民族文化的交融C.海外贸易兴盛D.民族隔阂消除【答案】B2.《金史》中描述:“榷场,与‘敌国’互市之所也,皆设场官,严厉禁,广屋宇,以通两国之货”。
由此可知,“榷场”的主要功能是()A.促进边界地区贸易往来 B.有效避免双方战争C.加强对少数民族的管理 D.推动少数民族汉化【答案】A3.七年级历史课上,王老师出示了如下四幅图片,由此可知这节课探究的主题是()秧马图宋代海船《清明上河图》(局部)宋代针铺商标A.宋朝时期流芳千古的绘画艺术B.宋代商业的繁荣C.宋朝实现大江南北的统一 D.宋朝经济的发展【答案】D4.下面三幅图片共同反映了我国古代()战国牛尊东汉执锸立陶俑北宋《耕获图》A.奴隶制瓦解B.水稻种植技术发展C.农业的发展D.金属冶炼技术的发达【答案】C5.如图是藏于故宫博物院的宋代定窑孩儿枕。
作品设计独具匠心,线条柔和流畅,细部刻画极为生动传神,是文物中的珍品。
这件文物最能说明哪一部门的现象()A.手工业的水平高B.农业生产技术发展C.商业贸易发达 D.民族文化交融加深【答案】A6.北宋的开封、南宋的临安、元朝的大都,都是当时世界上著名的大都市,这一时期城市打破了市坊分区,夜市、瓦子、纸币也相继出现。
这反映出当时()A.商品经济的繁荣B.经济重心开始转移C.城市建设逐渐加快D.重农抑商的政策被打破【答案】A7.《史记》记载:“楚越之地,地广人稀……无积聚而多贫。
”《宋书》记载:“江南地广野丰……一岁或稔则数郡忘饥。
”江南地区出现这种变化的原因不包括()A.统治者的重视和支持B.南方战乱较少,社会相对安定C.南方人大量北迁 D.南方的自然条件优越【答案】C8.下图是宋代农业、手工业和商业发展的集中区域统计表,这表明当时的宋朝()C.经济重心南移D.海外贸易发达【答案】C9.“在宋之时,见胡服、闻胡语者犹以为怪……至于元,百年之间,四海之内,起居、饮食、声音、器用,皆化而同之。
2024年广东省中考历史(解析版)

A.师夷长技B.民主科学C.变法图强D.实业救国
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】根据材料“1895年,康有为上书痛陈”并结合所学知识可知,甲午战后,针对民族危机,康有为作为近代资产阶级维新派领袖,开出的“新方”是变法图强,从制度方面进行变革,C项正确;师夷长技是洋务派的主张,不符合题意,排除A项;民主科学是新文化运动的口号,不符合题意,排除B项;清末状元实业家张謇主张“实业救国”,创办大生纱厂,带动了很多中国人走上“实业救国”道路,排除D项。故选C项。
4.汉武帝时期,人们常用“勇”“雄”“猛”“安汉”“广武”等字取名,文人、学士也多练习骑射、击剑等。与该风气的出现可能有关的是()
A.北击匈奴B.光武中兴C.楚汉之争D.文景之治
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】根据题干“勇”“雄”“猛”“安汉”“广武”“文人、学士也多练习骑射、击剑等”和所学知识可知,汉武帝组建起强大的骑兵队伍,开始大举反击匈奴。其中,卫青、霍去病率兵与匈奴进行了三次大战。匈奴受到重创,被迫迁徙漠北。此后,双方争夺的重点转移到西部。材料现象符合“文人、学士也多练习骑射、击剑等”,A项正确;光武中兴为东汉刘秀时期,不符合题意,排除B项;秦朝灭亡后,拥有重兵的项羽自封为西楚霸王,封刘邦为汉王。双方为争夺帝位,展开争战,史称“楚汉之争”,排除C项;文景之治发生在汉文帝、汉景帝时期,时间上不符合题意,排除D项。故选A项。
C.农业生产工具先进D.两地存在文化交流
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】根据材料“石峡遗址的玉器图片和良渚遗址的玉器图片”可看出,有相似的风格因素,反映了两个区域存在文化交流,相互影响,D项正确;“玉钺” “玉琮”“龙首玉环”不属于青铜器,无法得出青铜冶炼技术成熟,排除A项;从材料图片可知,有很多相似之处,体现不出南北经济差异明显,排除B项;良渚玉琮是良渚人拜神的器物,玉钺则是军事权利的象征,“玉钺” “玉琮”“龙首玉环”不是农业生产工具,无法得出农业生产工具先进,排除C项。故选D项。
初中历史部编版九年级上册第一单元《古代亚非文明》课课练习题(2021中考真题)(附参考答案)

九年级历史上册第一单元课课练习题班级考号姓名总分第1课古代埃及【2021·江苏无锡】15.阿拉伯人有一句谚语:“人间惧怕时间,而时间俱怕金字塔。
”历经数千年风雨沧桑的金字塔,仍然屹立在茫茫沙漠的边缘,见证人间世态的变迁。
金字塔是()A.古代埃及国王的宫殿B.古代埃及休闲的场所C.古代埃及国王的陵墓D.古代埃及祭祀的神庙【2021·云南昆明】14.古代亚非地区的文明古国创造了辉煌灿烂的文明成果,为世界文明的发展作出了杰出的贡献。
古埃及法老为自己修建呈角锥体状的陵墓,中国人称之为()A.“金字塔”B.万神庙C.帕特农神庙D.摩亨佐·达罗遗址【2021·云南】15.大河流域孕育了古代灿烂的人类文明。
下列诞生于尼罗河流域的古代文明是()A.古代埃及文明B.古代希腊又明C.古代印度文明D.古代两河流域文明【2021·甘肃定西】7.观察下列图示的遗迹、遗物,证明古埃人高超的建筑技术和数学水平的是()【2021·湖北荆州】21.古代亚非地区的文明古国创造了辉煌灿烂的文明成就。
右图所示的文明成就属于()A.古代希腊文明B.古代两河流域文明C.古代埃及文明D.古代印度河流域文明【2021·江苏南京】14.探寻古埃及金字塔的功能与演变历程,可以感知的历史奥秘有()A.国王地位与权力B.人类的法制传统C.阿拉伯数字起源D.罗马帝国的强盛【2021·山东临沂】17.在法老图特摩斯三世统治时期,古埃及成为强大军事帝国,版图向北延伸至叙利亚与小亚细亚交界处,以及幼发拉底河上游,向南扩展到尼罗河“第四瀑布”,从一个地域性王国发展为洲际大帝国。
当时,其统治范围地跨()A.非洲、亚洲B.非洲、欧洲C.亚洲、欧洲D.欧亚非三洲第2课古代两河流域【2021·四川攀枝花】1.用楔形文字雕刻在一块黑色石柱上的法典是迄今已知世界上第一部较为完整的成文法典,该法典属于()A.古埃及文明B.古中国文明C.古印度文明D.古两河流域文明【2021·湖北宜昌】32.有学者认为,“文字不是一种深思熟虑的发明物,而是伴随对私有财产的强烈意识而产生的一种副产品。
中考历史复习∶中华人民共和国的成立与巩固练习题(附解析)

中考历史复习∶中华人民共和国的成立与巩固练习题(附解析)一、第五单元二战后的世界变化材料辨析论述题1.阅读下列材料,回答问题。
材料一 1947年,美国总统在国会发表的国情咨文里,宣称美国有领导“自由世界”的使命,以“防止共产主义的渗入”;同时大肆渲染希腊、土耳其受到共产主义的严重威胁,要求国会拨款4亿美元,给予所谓“援助”。
材料二美国应该尽量协助世界恢复至积极健全的常态.美国政府能够尽力缓和局势,协助欧洲走上复兴道路。
材料三各缔约国同意对欧洲或北美一个或数个缔约国的武装进攻,应视为对缔约国全体之攻击。
因此,缔约国同意如此种武装攻击发生……缔约国采取视为必要之行动,包括武力之使用(1)材料一的国情咨文中提出的纲领和政策,后来被称为什么?(2)结合材料二和所学知识说明美国“协助欧洲走上复兴道路”的目的。
(3)材料三中公约组织的名称是什么?(4)上述三则材料是美国在第二次世界大战后推行哪一政策的表现?这一政策对世界局势产生了什么影响?【答案】(1)杜鲁门主义。
(2)企图通过援助西欧恢复经济,稳定资本主义制度。
(3)北大西洋公约组织。
(4)冷战政策。
美苏双方互相敌对,逐步形成美苏争霸的两极格局。
【解析】【详解】(1)根据材料一“1947年,美国总统在国会发表的国情咨文里,宣称美国有领导‘自由世界’的使命,以‘防止共产主义的渗入’”,结合所学知识可知,1947年美国总统杜鲁门在国情咨文中提出的纲领和政策,后来被称为杜鲁门主义。
(2)根据材料二“美国应该尽量协助世界恢复至积极健全的常态.美国政府能够尽力缓和局势,协助欧洲走上复兴道路”,结合所学知识可知,美国“协助欧洲走上复兴道路”的目的是企图通过援助西欧恢复经济,稳定资本主义制度。
(3)根据材料三“各缔约国同意对欧洲或北美一个或数个缔约国的武装进攻,应视为对缔约国全体之攻击。
因此,缔约国同意如此种武装攻击发生……缔约国采取视为必要之行动,包括武力之使用”,结合所学知识可知,材料出自《北大西洋公约》,该条约是由欧洲和北美国家共同签订;在军事上实行集体防御原则。
7 中考历史关键考点分类强化练习题汇编:魏晋时期民族关系 北魏孝文帝改革

中考历史关键考点分类强化练习题汇编考点:魏晋时期民族交往与北魏孝文帝改革一、单项选择题(本题共15个小题,每小题2分,共30分)1.魏晋南北朝内迁的北方少数民族一般被泛称为“五胡”。
吕思勉《中国通史》讲到“一到隋唐时代,而所谓五胡,便已泯然无迹”,意在说明魏晋南北朝时期()A.民族交融加强 B.商业贸易繁荣C.政治清明稳定 D.中外交流频繁【答案】A2.三国两晋南北朝时期的大变动是在各个领域展开的旷日持久的变动,它表现为前无古人的激烈的融合,文化上的融合、民族上的融合,这种大融合的主要方式是()A.中央集权的加强 B.人口的大流动、大迁移C.中外交流的加强 D.民族之间的和平交往【答案】D3.分析下列三幅图,其相同主题是()A.早期国家与社会变革 B.政权分立与民族交融C.人口南迁与江南开发 D.民族交流与经济发展【答案】B4.十六国时期,氐族贵族深受汉族文明影响,皇帝苻坚“行礼于辟雍,祀先师孔子”,前秦政权形成“英儒毕集”局面。
苻坚这一举措()A.改革了官员选拔制度 B.体现“无为而治”C.完善了儒家思想体系 D.有利于民族交融【答案】D5.2021年4月,陕西西安少陵原十六国大墓入选“2020年度全国十大考古新发现”。
其出土的陶俑形象具有少数民族特征(见下图),出土的碓房、水井、陶仓等又是华夏农耕文明的体现。
这表明,十六国时期少数民族与汉族交往状态是()A.战争 B.隔离 C.分裂 D.交融【答案】D6.下列图片是考古出土的魏晋时期的墓砖画,它所反映的历史现象是()胡人牛耕图汉人胡食图A.中外交往 B.江南开发C.民族交融 D.政权分立【答案】C7.下面是《魏书·高祖孝文帝纪》所记载的内容,反映了北魏孝文帝即位后()C.保持鲜卑习俗 D.推行汉化政策【答案】D8.下图是龙门石窟宾阳洞浮雕《北魏帝王出御图》,图中皇帝和大小官员都穿着汉族服饰。
这可用来佐证孝文帝改革中()A.穿汉服 B.通婚姻 C.讲汉话 D.迁都城【答案】A9.《魏书·高祖孝文帝纪》载:“(北魏孝文帝)雅好读书,手不释卷。
部编中考历史复习∶中华人民共和国的成立与巩固练习题(附解析)

部编中考历史复习∶中华人民共和国的成立与巩固练习题(附解析)一、第二单元第二次工业革命和近代科学文化材料辨析论述题1.生产力是社会结构中最活跃、最革命的因素。
阅读下列材料,回答问题。
材料一材料二随着工厂制度的建立,大量人口涌入新的工业中心。
由于能够从世界各地获得粮食,这些新增城市人口也得以生存下来。
——斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》(1)据材料一图表指出近代城市人口变化的趋势,并据材料二概括其原因。
(2)综合上述信息,你能得出什么结论?【答案】(1)城市人口不断增长。
工业革命的推动。
(2)社会生产力的发展是推动社会进步的根本原因。
【解析】【分析】【详解】(1) 根据所学和材料一示意图可知,趋势是城市人口不断增长。
根据所学和材料二“随着工厂制度的建立,大量人口涌入新的工业中心。
由于能够从世界各地获得粮食,这些新增城市人口也得以生存下来”可知,增长的原因是工业革命的推动。
(2) 根据所学和材料一、二可知,这说明社会生产力的发展是推动社会进步的根本原因。
2.观看下面两幅图片并阅读相关文字介绍,回答问题。
图一:17世纪初,英国殖民者借经商贸易之名,以掠夺性的剥削来压榨印度人民,以武力来蚕食和霸占印度国土。
印度民众对立情绪不断增长,终于爆发了大起义。
1857年5月10日,起义首先在密拉特爆发。
各地士兵和民众纷纷响应,不到4个月,起义的烈火迅速燃遍几乎整个北印度。
起义势力以德里、坎普尔和勒克瑙为三大中心。
图二:西班牙殖民主义者在拉丁美洲的残暴统治和大肆掠夺,引起当地除欧洲白人以外的所有人民的强烈不满和反抗,并由此引发了拉丁美洲殖民地的独立运动181 3年,玻利瓦尔领导委内瑞拉人民举行起义,从此开始了艰苦卓绝的独立斗争。
1816年以后的十年间,玻利瓦尔率领起义军队,不屈不挠,英勇作战,由北向南,转战委内瑞拉和哥伦比亚等地,横扫南美大陆上的西班牙军队,解放了西班牙在南美洲的殖民地。
(1)从以上图片及文字介绍中,你能获得哪些历史信息?(2)根据文字介绍分别写出印度和拉丁美洲人民反抗的殖民国家。
河北省任务型阅读历年中考题专项练习(有详细解析)

任务型阅读一.阅读理解(共7小题)1.(2016•河北)Where does your food come from?How is it made?These days,many people worry about food safety.But food safety is not a new worry.In 1906,Upton Sinclair wrote the Jungle.The book is the story of a poor family in Chicago.It is also about the dangerous ways that food was prepared.People were so worried that the U.S.started testing food.These days,most food in the world is safe.Laws control where food comes from.They also control how food is managed and prepared.Laws are important.But it's more important to make sure the rules are followed.A good food safety system(系统)keeps people safe.It also helps them eat healthy food.Labels(标签)on food give people important information.Then they can make good choices about their food.Although food safety systems usually work,there can be problems.Sometimes mistakes are made.For example,a truck might carry eggs and then ice cream.The ice cream could make people sick when the truck isn't cleaned before carrying it.Other problems are not mistakes.Sometimes companies break rules to make more money.When this happens,people don't know if their food is safe.As we all know,food is closely related to our daily life.We should take actions to make food safer!71题完成句子;72~73题简略回答问题;74题找出并写下第三段的主题句;75题将文中画线句子译成汉语.71.People were so worried about food safety that the U.S.startedtesting food/to test food.72.What can people do after reading the information on food labels?They/People can make good choices/a good choice(about their food)..73.When could ice cream make people sick in the example?When the truck isn't cleaned/clean (before carrying it)..74.Although food safety systems usually work,there can be problems..75.但是确保/保证执行/遵守/法律/法规更加重要..【解答】71.testing food/to test food 细节理解题.从原文第一段People were so worriedthat the U.S.started testing food.可知答案;72.They/People can make good choices/a good choice(about their food).细节理解题.从原文第二段结尾Labels(标签)on food give people important information.Then they can make good choices about their food.可知因果关系﹣﹣通过阅读标签,可以做出好的选择.73.When the truck isn't cleaned/clean (before carrying it).逻辑推理题.从第三段a truck might carry eggs and then ice cream.The ice cream could make people sick when the truck isn't cleaned before carrying it.可知,一个小车能装鸡蛋也能装冰激凌,如果装完鸡蛋,没有清洗就装冰激凌,可能会让人生病.74.Although food safety systems usually work,there can be problems.内容归纳题.第三段第一句即为中心句,后面是讲到了导致食品不安全的两个问题.因此答案为第三段的第一个句子.75.但是确保/保证执行/遵守/法律/法规更加重要.英译汉题型.重点句式为it的用法,it在此处为形式主语,真正的主语为to make sure the rules are followed,因此翻译时要把"…更重要"翻译出来.follow the rules为遵循法规很重要,因此可以类似翻译.2.(2015•河北)Many people believe that yellowing and wetness are the greatest enemy of stamps.In fact,stamps are afraid of not only wetness,but also light and dirty things.People protect their stamps in several different ways.To protect stamps,we should never touch the stamps with our hands.This avoids moving dirty things onto them.Stamp tweezers (镊子)should be used in all conditions.Stamps are printed things.The colour will slowly disappear if the stamps are put in the light fora long time.So we should not put stamps in the light for long.Direct sunlight must be avoidedas well.Wetness is an important problem for stamps.Some collectors will put stamps in separate plastic (塑料)bags.However,it is possible that some stamps have taken in some water from the air before they are put into the plastic bags.Stamps become yellow easily and rapidly after they take in wet air.To protect the stamps,some people also put the stamps into a special room which has a machine to keep the air cool and dry.However,not many people can afford that.To keep stamps,stamp collectors usually put them under plastic covers.It is a common and simple way.This helps because the plastic cover keeps the stamps off the wet air.It also stopsthe fingersfrom touching te stamps.Some collectors prefer to store stamps inside a plastic box with desiccants (干燥剂).However,we should take care not to let the stamps.touch the desiccants.On top of that,don't take your stamps out on a wet day.71题完成句子;72~73题简略回答问题;74题找出并写下全文的主题句;75题将文中画线句子译成汉语.71.One way to protect stamps is that we should never touch them with our hands.72.What will disappear ifwe put the stamps in the light for long?The colour/The color/Colour/Color73.When do stamps become yellow easily and rapidly?After they take in wet air74.People protect their stamps in several different ways.75.为了保存邮票,集邮者(们)通常把它们(邮票)放在塑料封面下(边).【解答】71.根据第二段的第一句话To protect stamps,we should never touch the stamps with our hands.可知应填写答案with our hands.72.根据第三段的句子The colour will slowly disappear if the stamps are put in the light for a long time.可知,应填写答案The colour/The color/Colour/Color73.根据第四段的句子Stamps become yellow easily and rapidly after they take in wet air.可知应填写答案After they take in wet air74.归纳总结题.根据这篇文章的大意,主要介绍了几种保存邮票的方法,从这一中心出发,第一段的最后一句话就是文章的中心句.所以答案应填写People protect their stamps in several differen tways.75.翻译题.这句话要把动词不定式翻译出来,表目的,翻译为"为了";还要注意cover 的意思为封面.所以答案应填写"为了保存邮票,集邮者(们)通常把它们(邮票)放在塑料封面下(边)."3.In today's world of mobile phones,most people have at least one time﹣telling tool with them.Since these small machines are so common,will people stop wearing the 500﹣year﹣old watches?According to some people,yes.A teenager says it's unnecessary to wear a watch.Many young people agree﹣and use their mobile phones to tell time.Louis Galie,apresident,said that fewer young people wear watches today than five years ago.However,watchmakers say that watches get popular again when people reach their 20s and30s.By then,they want to spend money on a nice time﹣telling tool which doesn't just keep a good time.For this reason,the watch industry has become an accessory business (配件业)in recent years.Today's offer a lot of uses that meet the need of almost any personality (个性).They can be used as compasses (指南针),calendars,and even USB drivers…People are always trying their best to creat new kinds of watches.A certain watchmaker business watches that don't even look like watches.Their popular model uses different color lights to tell the time.Amother watchmaker business,make a"handless"watch,using a ring of circles to keep time.This watch makes people talk a lot about modern watches.Whether a watch express fashion sense,creative ability of a love of sports,people want their time﹣telling tools to be beautiful,fashionable and practical.All in all,a watch has become more important than the time it tells.76.完成句子Many young people agree that it's unnecessary to wear a watch/watches.77.简略回答问题;When do watches get popular again according to watchmakers?when people reach their 20s and 30s.78.将文中横线处空缺的一个单词填写在下面的答题纸上;watches79.找出并写出全文的主题句; A watch has become more important than the time it tells.80.将文中画线句子译成汉语.人们一直在努力制造出新型的手表.【解答】答案:76.wear a watch/wear watches 细节理解题根据短文第一段的内容以及A teenager says it's unnecessary to wear a watch.可知,现在的青少年们都觉得没有必要戴手表,他们可以通过手机来知道时间.这里填wear a watch或wear watches都可以.77 when people reach their 20s and 30s.细节理解题根据短语第二段中的Watchmakers say that watches get popular again when people reach their 20s and 30s.可知当人们的年龄进入二三十岁时,手表会受到人们的欢迎.故填:when people reach their 20s and 30s.78.watches 推理判断题根据后面的They can be used as compasses (指南针),calendars,and even USB drivers…(它们可以用作指南针、日历甚至磁盘驱动器),可以判断这些功能都是本文介绍的手表提供的.所以填watches.79.A watch has become more important than the time it tells 主旨大意题纵观文章大意可知,短文的最后一句话A watch has become more important than the time it tells"手表本身比它报出的时间更重要"对这篇文章的意思做了一个总结,是整篇文章的中心句.故填:A watch has become more important than the time it tells.80.人们一直在努力创造出新型的手表.汉译英题本句是一个含有句式be always doing (一直在做某事)的句子.短语try one's best to do 意思是"尽某人最大努力做某事:,动词create的意思是"创造;设计;制造",many new kinds of watches"许多新型的手表".故答案为:人们一直在努力创造出新型的手表.4.(2013•河北)Cyril Dick's house is neither a modern house nor a house of the future.It is 40years old.There are more houses like that in the south of France.They are called"bubble houses",and you can see why!Cyril Dick is a designer and he loves round things.He collects old records and clocks.He also collects round furniture.And now he has a completely round house.Everything in the"bubble house"is round.The centre of the house is one big very bubble.This is both the living room and dining room.There are round armchairs,a round table,and a big round rug (地毯)in front of a round fireplace.Around the living room are three small bubbles.One bubble is a kitchen with round shelves,another bubble is the garden room,and the third bubble is a music room.Upstairs there are two more bubbles﹣﹣﹣a bedroom and a bathroom.The doors and windows are also round,of course.The windows are like eyes.There aren't any curtains (窗帘)in the house,because Cyril likes to see the garden all the time.Bubble houses are the idea of a Hungarian architect (建筑师),Antti Lovag."A lot of modern houses are bad for us,especially tall buildings of flats,"says Lovag."Because round homes are more natural,people feel happy in them."Cyril agrees with this."Some people think my house is funny,"he says,"but for me,this is the perfect home."76题判断正误("T"表示正确,"F"表示错误);77题完成句子;78题简略回答问题;79题找出并写下第三段的主题句;80题将文中划线句子译成汉语.76.You can find more"bubble houses"in the south of France.T.77.Cyril Dick is a designer and he loves round things.78.What is the third bubble around the living room? A music room79.Everything in the"bubble house"is round.80.因为圆形的家更自然,身在其中,让人感到快乐..【解答】76.答案:T 细节理解题根据第一段There are more houses like that in the south of France.的描述可知,在法国南部有更多那样的房子,所以该句说法是正确的.故答案为T.77.答案:round things 细节理解题根据第二段Cyril Dick is a designer and he loves round things.描述可知,此处是指喜欢圆的东西.故填写round things.78.答案:It is/It's a music room./A music room.细节理解题.根据第三段and the third bubble is a music room.描述,可知第三个泡泡是音乐室.故填写It is/It's a music room./A music room79.答案:Everything in the"bubble house"is round.归纳理解题.根据Everything in the"bubble house"is round.及下文描述,可知本段主要是说明泡泡房子中的所有东西都是圆的,故填写Everything in the"bubble house"is round.80.答案:因为圆形的家更自然,身在其中,让人感到快乐.汉译英翻译题.注意本句前文是because引导的原因主语从句,more natural是比较级,意为更自然的.下文them 指代的是前文的圆形的房子.故填写因为圆形的家更自然,身在其中,让人感到快乐.5.(2012•河北)阅读短文,并按要求完成76~80题.As the Internet becomes more popular,many older media (媒体)businesses are dying out.But TV seems to be doing OK.In fact,it's doing better than OK.Though the Internet is popular in the world,television continues to draw more and more people all over the world to many of its programs.Hundreds of millions turn to TV to watch World Cup soccer,Olympic Games and Discoveries.In many places,increasing numbers of people can watch more TV than before.Ten years ago,only 44% of British homes had satellite or cable TV(卫星或有线电视).Toda y,more than 93% do.More importantly,recent studies show that people are spending more time watching TV.Surprisingly,this is even true of young people between the ages of 8 and 18.Today's television industry has given so many choices.As a result,people can watch more of the things they like 24 hours a day.The technology behind television has also improved.The big boxes that once filled living rooms are gone.Today's TV screens are thinner and thinner,yet the pictures are better andbetter.TVs are also moving from living rooms into kitchens and vehicles.For years,TVs have also been used as video game players.But now they have been used in a few new ways.Many televisions can connect to the Internet and record programs.They also let people watch two programs at the same time.Today the most modern television has been on the way of development.The Internet is the main challenge (挑战)for television now.But TV industry has shown that television will be important for years to come.76题判断正误("T"表示正确,"F"表示错误);77题完成句子;78~79题简略回答问题;80将文中画线句子译成汉语.76.Studies show that people are spending more time watching TV than before.T77.Many televisions can connect to the Internet and record programs.78.Where are TVs moving from living rooms?kitchens and vehicles79.What is the main challenge for television?The Internet80.当今最现代化的电视已在研发中..【解答】76.T.判断正误题.根据More importantly recent studies show that people are spending more time watching TV.可知,人们正花比以前更多的时间看电视.故题干叙述是正确的,故判为T.77.connect to.细节理解题.根据第四段Many televisions can connect to the Internet and record programs.可知,很多电视可以连接网络和录制节目.故应填connect to.78.kitchens and vehicles.细节理解题.根据短文第三段TVs are also moving from living rooms into kitchens and vehicles的描述可知,电视也从客厅移到了厨房和车子里.故应填kitchens and vehicles.79.The Internet.细节理解题.根据短文最后一段The Internet is the main challenge (挑战)for television now的描述可知,互联网是对电视的主要挑战.故应填The Internet.80.当今最现代化的电视已在研发中.细节理解题.the most modern:最现代化的,on the way of:在…路上;…has been是现在完成时态,"已经…";根据短语及意群可知,此句应译为当今最现代化的电视已在研发中.6.(2011•河北)Several Asian hospitals are doing experiments with tele﹣medicine.Tele﹣medicine is a technology that allows doctors to see patients without them being in the sameplace.This is made possible through high﹣speed communication networks(网络).At both ends of the line,the way of video﹣meeting lets them see and talk to each other.Blood pressure(血压)and body temperature are directly shown on computes.Tele﹣medicine is already in wide use in some places such as the United States and Germany.Among other uses,village doctors hold consultation(会诊)with far﹣away expert (专家).The experts can also help them during operations.Tele﹣medicine has been slow to reach Asia because of high costs,besides other reasons.When things improve,this technology will develop very fast..Chinese University of Hong Kong's medical school has joined a big hospital in Beijing,and Thailand is building a Tele﹣medicine station connecting 20areas.Tele﹣medicine will do good to patients because doctors from different places can see them and give their medical advice.The help is quite important if the disease is an unusual one.It also helps spread medical knowledge among experts.As tele﹣medicine develop well,its costs will be lower and it will become very popular in the medical field.76题判断正误("T"表示正确,"F"表示错误);77题完成句子;78~79题简略回答问题;80题将文中划线句子译成汉语.76.Tele﹣medicine is already in wide use in some countries.T77.Tele﹣medicine allows doctors to see patients without them being in the same place.78.Why does tele﹣medicine develop slowly in Asia besides other reasons?Because of high costs.79.What is Thailand doing according to the passage?Thailand is building a tele﹣medicine station connecting 20 areas.80.当条件好转的时候,这项技术将会快速地发展.【解答】76.T理解判断题.根据Tele﹣medicine is already in wide use in some places such as the United States and Germany可知远程医疗已经在一些地方,如美国和德国广泛使用.故答案是正确的.77.doctors to see patients细节理解题.根据"Tele﹣medicine is a technology that allows doctors to see patients without them being in the same place可知远程医学是一种技术,他们在不同一个地方医生也能看到病人,故答案是:doctors to see patients.78.Because of high costs细节理解题.根据第三段的第一句话Tele﹣medicine has been slow to reach Asia because of high costs可知由于成本高,远程医疗已经很难推广到亚洲,故答案为:Because of high costs.79.Thailand is building a tele﹣medicine station connecting 20 areas.细节理解题.根据第三段的最后一句话and Thailand is building a Tele﹣medicine station connecting 20areas.可知泰国正在建设远程医疗站连接20个地区.故答案为:Thailand is building a tele﹣medicine station connecting 20 areas.80.句子翻译题.这是when引导的时间状语从句,当…时候,improve,动词,提高,改善.develope,动词,发展.故答案为:当条件好转的时候,这项技术将会快速地发展.7.(2010•河北)Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you couldn't see.Imagine having to read this page,not with your eyes but with your fingers.How do you feel,then?With medical knowledge and skills today,two﹣thirds of the world's 42 million blind people should not have to suffer (受苦).Unluckily,rich countries have this knowledge,but developing countries do not.ORBIS is an international charitable organization (慈善组织).Its goal is to help fight blindness all over the world.Inside a DC﹣8 airplane,there is a teaching hospital with television room and classroom.Doctors are taught the latest technology of helping the blind get sight again here.ORBIS is always trying to keep a closer relation among countries.ORBIS helps those developing countries by providing sight﹣saving training.It has taught over 35,000 doctors and nurses.They continue to treat thousands of blind people every year.They have travelled around the earth 3 times,visited 76 countries and treated over 20,000 blind people.They need your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.For just 38,you can help one person see;for 380 you can bring sight to 10 people;1,300helps train a doctor news kills;and for13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again.Your love can help them open their eyes to the world..76题判断正误("T"表示正确,"F"表示错误);77题完成句子;78~79题简略回答问题;80题将文中划线句子译成汉语.76.Both rich and developing countries have the knowledge of helping blind people.F 77.ORBIS'goal is to help fight blindness all over the world.78.How many doctors and nurses has ORBIS taught It/ORBIS has taught over 35,000 doctors and nurses./Over 35,000 (doctors and nurses).?79.What can you do for 380 according to the passage Bring sight to 10 people?80.你们的爱能够帮助他们重见光明.【解答】76.F 理解判断题.根据Unluckily,rich countries have this knowledge,but developing countries do not.可知只有发达国家有这方面的知识,发展中国家没有,故答案为F.77.help fight blindness all over the world 细节理解题.根据Its goal is to help fight blindness all over the world可知其目标是帮助世界各地的失明人,故答案为help fight blindness all over the world.78.It/ORBIS has taught over 35,000 doctors and nurses./Over 35,000 (doctors and nurses).细节理解题.根据It has taught over 35,000 doctors and nurses可知它教了超过35000的医生和护士,故答案为It/ORBIS has taught over 35,000 doctors and nurses./Over 35,000 (doctors and nurses)..79.Bring sight to 10 people.细节理解题.根据for 380 you can bring sight to 10 people可知380可以给10个人带来光明,故答案为Bring sight to 10 people.80.你们的爱能够帮助他们重见光明.句子翻译题.help sb.do sth.帮助某人做某事,open their eyes to the world重见光明,故答案为你们的爱能够帮助他们重见光明.二.阅读表达(共2小题)8.(2018•河北)Artificial intelligence (AI)(人工智能)is growing rapidly.We are livingin a world that depends more and more on AI.AI is a group of technologies that help machines get,understand and use information to do tasks.AI's recent developments have got a lot of social attention.Some people have welcomed AI because it makes things possible.For example,AI will have a big influence on areas like medicine and engineering.But this attention has also produced a lot of fear.Especially,many workers are worrying that AI could make them lose their jobs.According to a recent study,nearly five percent of jobs will disappear because of AI.In some industries,AI is already doing the work that people used to do,such as assembling (装配)cars,digging the coal and lifting goods.Self﹣driving cars and trucks controlled by AI will also take away the driver's jobs in the future.On the other hand,AI will also create many new jobs for people.More people will be needed to write programmers for AI systems (系统)and they will set up and work on them,too.Meanwhile,jobs that require feelings,excellent communication skills with people will not be replaced (取代)by AI.These includes jobs in fields like teaching,nursing and personal training.AI is here.It is changing how people live and work in many ways.That makes AI important to watch,not to fear.1﹣2题完成句子;3题简略回答问题;4题找出并写下第二段的主题句;5题将问中画线句子译成汉语.(1)AI is a group of technologies that help machines to do tasks.(2)Self﹣driving cars and trucks controlled by AI may make the drivers lose their jobs.(3)What will AI create for people?AI will also create many new jobs for people.(4)AI's recent developments have got a lot of social attention.(5)人工智能在很多方面正在改变人们怎么样居住和工作.【解答】(1)A group of technologies;细节理解题;根据语境AI is a group of technologies that help machines get,人工智能是帮助机器获得的一组技术,可得出答案;(2)Self﹣driving cars and trucks;细节理解题;根据语境Self﹣driving cars and trucks controlled by AI will also take away the driver's jobs in the future.由AI控制的自动驾驶汽车和卡车也将在未来夺走司机的工作.可得出答案.(3)AI will also create many new jobs for people;细节理解题;根据语境AI will also create many new jobs for people人工智能也将为人们创造许多新的工作机会,可得出答案;(4)AI's recent developments have got a lot of social attention.总结大意题;根据与段落的大体意思,可知主要说了AI最近的发展引起了很多社会关注.可得出答案.(5)人工智能在很多方面正在改变人们怎么样居住和工作.英译汉题;It ,形式主语,is changing,现在进行时,作谓语,how people live and work ,人们怎么样居住和工作,做宾语;in many ways,在很多方面,做方式状语.9.(2017•河北)At many Thanksgiving dinners,everyone around the table shares something they are thankful for.As we know,most can do this easily.It's more important to know how to be thankful people all the time.Be positive(乐观).No matter what happens,it's best to remember the good things.Find the bright side in bad situations,and push back against negative(负面的)opinions.Also,do your best not to compare yourself to others.But when you're around others,give expression to what you like about them.By keeping good in mind,you'll gibe thanks for it even more than before.Accept the negative.At the same time,we can't pay no attention to bad things that have happened.We should learn from mistakes.It makes us become strong.Before we know it,we're thankful for negative things,too.Our mistakes can also make us humble(谦逊的),which is not all bad.Humble people have better relationships and see life's blessings(祝福)much more clearly !Acts of kindness.Thankful people know that it's much better to give than to receive.When you're thankful,you feel it's your duty to show love to others.Some people volunteer to help people in need.Studies show that volunteers might feel happier and healthier.Use of time.By spending time with others,you show them how much they mean to you.But being thankful is also better realized by spending time alone.When you're alone,you can think about the best parts of your day.You can list them out and think them over.You can find your way to make thanksgiving a part of your life.How wonderful it is!Just enjoy it every day!完成句子(1)You need to find the bright side in bad situations.(2)Learning from mistakes can make us strong and humble.回答问题(3)How do volunteers probably feel according to studies?Happier and healthier.找出并写下全文的主题句(4)It's more important to know how to be thankful people all the time.将文中画线句子译成汉语(5)当你独自一人时,你可以想想你这一天中最精彩的部分【解答】1.the bright side.细节理解题.由Find the bright side in bad situations可知在困境中也要找到光明的一面,填the bright side即可.2.strong.细节理解题.由We should learn from mistakes.It makes us become strong可知从错误中学习会使我们变坚强,填strong即可.3.Happier and healthier.细节理解题.由Studies show that volunteers might feel happier and healthier可知研究表示志愿者们可能会觉得更开心和开健康,用Happier and healthier回答即可.4.It's more important to know how to be thankful people all the time.主旨归纳题.第二、三、四、五段的Be positive,Accept the negative,Acts of kindness,Use of time都是如何成为感恩的人的方式,用第一段中的It's more important to know how to be thankful people all the time作主题句即可.5.当你独自一人时,你可以想想你这一天中最精彩的部分.英译汉题.此句是when引导的时间状语从句,译为当…时,…重点词汇和短语为:alone表示独自一人;think about 表示想,思考;the best parts of…表示…最精彩的部分.由此可翻译出正确的句子。
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河北历史中考练习题及答案
河北历史中考练习题及答案
河北的中考生渐渐开始了各个科目的总复习,历史是我们不能忽
视的学科,在记忆历史知识的同时也要做些相应的练习题。下面是店
铺为大家整理的历史中考练习题及答案,希望对大家有用!
历史中考练习题
一、单项选择题(每小题2分,共60分)
1、20世纪70年代,美国和法国科学家在埃塞俄比亚发现一具女
性遗骨化石,归类为南方古猿,现在人类就是从南方古猿发展而来,
你知道人类在距今约多少年前形成( )
A.五百万年 B.三四百万年 C.一百七十万年 D.八十万年
2、我国云南 省丽江地区的摩梭人所生子女皆属女方,血缘按母
系计,财产按母系继承,男子只负责抚养自己姐妹的孩子,在每个家
庭中由一个最能干、公正而且有威望的妇女安排生产、生活,保管财
产,这种现象相当于古代( )
A.母系氏族 B.父系氏族 C.种姓制度 D.君主专制
3、造成人种差异的主要原因是( )
A.所处的进化阶段不同 B.宗教信仰的不同
C.自然环境及多种因素的长期影响 D.智力发展水平的不同
4、金字塔是古代埃及 国王的( )
A.住所 B.宫殿 C.祭祀用的神堂 D.陵墓
5、[法新社巴格达(2003年)4月12日电]“英美联军占领巴格达
后,混乱和抢劫现象越来越严重。11日下午巴格达考古博物馆遭到浩
劫,大量研究两河流域文明的重要文物丢失。”这里的“两河流域”
是指
A.尼罗河、刚果河流域 B.长江、黄河流域
C.印度河、恒河流域 D.幼发拉底河、底格里斯河流域
6、古印度摩揭陀国王阿育王在印度是个家喻户晓的人物,他在位
时,孔雀王朝成为印度历史上第一个统一的大帝国。请问,按古印度
“种姓制度”的划分,阿育王应该属于哪一种姓?( )
A.婆罗门 B.刹帝利 C.吠舍 D.首陀罗
9、罗马共和国成立于:( )
A、公元前507年 B、公元509年
C、公元前509年 D、公元507年
10、布匿战争是古代历史上一次大规模的战争,这场战争的交战
双方是( )
A .罗马、希腊 B.希腊、迦太基 C.罗马、迦太基 D.斯巴达、雅典
11、公元前49年,夺取罗马政权的是
A、屋大维 B、查理•马特 C、恺撒 D、伯利克里
12、罗马共和国进入帝国时期开始于以下哪一人物的统治( )
A.屋大维 B.安东尼 C.凯撒 D.克拉苏
13、日本“大化改新”主要是依照我国的( )
A、商周制度 B、秦汉制度 C、隋唐制度 D、两宋制度
14、“凡田,六年一班,神田、寺田不在此限,若以身死,应退
田者,每至班年,即从收授。”这一段史料与下列哪一历史事件有
关?( )
A.大和统一日本 B.武士道精神 C.大化改新 D.天皇成为傀儡
15.下列关于大化改新的说法错误的一项是( )
A.大化改新后,天皇成为了政治中心 B.大化改新把日本推到了奴
隶社会的顶峰
C.有才能的人都有机会入朝为官 D.大化改新促进了日本社会的进
步
16、公元七世纪创立的具有政教合—特征的宗教是( )
A.伊斯兰教 B.佛教 C.道教 D.基督教
17、伊斯兰教教历纪元与下列哪一历史事件有关( )
A.穆罕默德开始隐居 B.穆罕默 德带领信徒到达麦地那
C.麦加贵族和穆罕默德达成协议 D.穆罕默德在麦加病势
18、伊斯兰教的教徒称为“穆斯林”,每个穆斯林前往朝觐的圣
地是( )
A.阿拉伯 B.麦加 C.麦地那 D.耶路撒冷
19西罗马帝国灭亡于( )
A.公元5世纪 B.公元6世纪 C.公元2世纪 D.公元4
世纪
20、西罗马帝国灭亡后,日耳曼人建立的国家中最强大的是( )
A.意大利 B.法兰克王国 C.英吉利王国 D.法兰西王国
21“我的附庸的附庸,不是我的附庸”这样的局面出现在( )
A.大化改新之后 B.查理•马特改革之后
C.大化改新之前 D.查理•马特改革之前
22、世界上最小的国家梵蒂冈,它的面积0.44平方公里,常住人
口540人,同时也是天主教的中心──以教皇为首的罗马教廷的所在地。
这个国家的最初形成与下列哪一事件有关( )
A.查理•马特改革 B.耶稣降生
C.法国琅城人民起义 D.丕平献土
23、欧洲最大的封建土地所有者是( )
A.教会 B.贵族 C.骑士 D.国王
24、西欧城市取得自治权的方式主要有( )
①选举 ②用金钱赎买 ③和封建主进行谈判 ④通过武力斗争
A.①③ B.②③ C.③④ D.②④
25、法国有一个城市叫做琅城,被视为英雄的城市,这主要是因
为十一、十二世纪的哪一历史史实( )
A.琅城市民的反侵略斗争 B.琅城市民争取自治权的斗争
C.琅城市民抵御了日尔曼人侵的进攻 D.这里是罗马征服时的古战
场
26、在西欧城市的发展过程中,形成的一个新的社会阶级是( )
A.市民阶级 B.大封建主阶级 C.奴隶主阶级 D.农奴阶级
27、我们平时所说的千年帝国——拜占廷帝国,其实就是历史上
著名的是( )
A.西罗马帝国 B.亚历山大帝国 C.东罗马帝国 D.法兰克王国
28、拜占廷帝国的首都在( )
A.罗马 B.君士坦丁堡 C.开罗 D.巴比伦
29、灭亡拜占廷帝国的国家是( )
A.阿拉伯帝国 B.亚历山大帝国 C.奥斯曼土耳其帝国 D.罗
马帝国
30、西欧进入封建社会,比中国晚了近1000年。西欧奴隶制终
结是以 为标志的 A、4世纪基督教被定为国教 B、395年罗马帝国灭
亡
C、476年西罗马帝国灭亡 D、5世纪末法兰克王国的建立
二、非选择题(40分)
31、一座石碑,上面用楔形文字刻着一部法典,下面这段材料就
是法典的一部分。
“如果理发师不经奴隶主本人许可,就把奴隶头上的奴隶标志剃
除,
那理发师 的手应该砍掉。”
请回答:(10分)
(1)这部法典是哪个国家的?它的名称是什么?是谁制订的?(6分)
(2)这部法典是维护哪个阶级的利益?(2分)
(2)结合材料说说这部法典在世界文明发展史上的地位怎样?(2分)
32、结合材料,运用所学知识,回答问题。(4分)
【材料回放】
据媒体报道,某国北方邦日前发生惨剧。一对来自不同种姓的年
轻情侣被村里人吊死。这位20岁的`青年男子属于地位较高的“婆罗
门”种姓,而他18岁的心上人属于较低的种姓。据当地警方称,他们
逮捕了这对情侣的亲属,因为他们也参与了将两人吊死的暴行。警方
还表示,几乎全村老少都反对这对年轻情侣不同种姓之间的婚姻,认
为这是大逆不道,为此导致双方家庭采取了过激行动。舆论指出,由
于种姓制度的根深蒂固,目前在该国农村地区,人们对于不同种姓和
不同宗教男女之间的婚姻普遍持反对态度。
( 1)材料中的青年男女被什么制度迫害致 死?(1分)
(2)材料中的制度具体内容是什么?(2分)
(3)年轻情侣被村里人吊死说明了什么?(1分)
33、(18分)阅读下列材料:
诏书规定:第一,效法隋唐的均田制,实行“班田收授法”;第二,
关于租税,效法唐朝租庸调制;第三,确立中央集权国家制度;第四,兵
制方面,京师设置五卫府,地方设军团,公民服兵役,废除贵族世袭
控制军事的特权。
——《世界古代史资料选辑》
请回答:
(1) 上述材料反映的是哪国的什么改革?(4分)
(2) 上述材料反映的改革是该国向哪国学习而进行的?(2分)
(3) 诏书是谁颁布的?时间是何时?(4分)
(4) 上述材料所反映的改革在该国历史上具有怎样深远的影响?(3
分)
(5) 通过对该国这次改革的学习,你有什么感想或从中受到什么启
发?(5分)
34.阅读下面材料:(8分)
材料一:“我的附庸的附庸,不是我的附庸”
材料二:“我的主人啊!臣下乃是我主的仆人,领有采邑的家臣。
臣下愿竭忠尽职,不顾生死,一生侍奉我的主人。”
请回答:
(1)上述材料反映了西欧封建社会的什么制度?(2分)
(2)这种制度最先开始于哪一个国家?是哪一次改革后逐渐形成
的?(4分)
(3)这种制度下,生活在社会的最底层的是什么人?文中的 “臣下”
是怎样侍奉他的主人的?(2分)
历史中考练习题答案
一、选择题
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
答案 B A C D D B B B C C C A C C B
题号 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 A B B A D B D A D B A C B C C
31、(1)古巴比伦王国
《汉谟拉比法典》
汉谟拉比
(2)维护奴隶主阶级的利益
(3)是世界上现存的古代第一部比较完备的成文法典
33
(1) 日本的大化改新
(2) 中国隋唐
(3) 孝德天皇;7世纪中期
(4) 大化改新是日本从奴隶社会向封建社会过渡的标志
要善于学习外来先进事物,改革能促进生产力的发展,改革要顺
应时代潮流,我们要勇于创新,坚持改革开放等。(言之有理即可)
34.(1)西 欧封建等级制度
(2)法兰克王国;查理•马特改革