1997-2009年中国服务贸易进口分项目表
《中国服务贸易统计2015》中文版

金额 (亿美元)
19 18 26 23 20 23 33 36 41 39 92 116 158 246 224 277 265 310 359 390 461 549 716 832 1003 1293 1580 1581 1922 2370 2801 3291 3821
同比增长 占世界比 (%) 重 (%)
同比增长 (%)
0.0 12.0 3.6 24.1 16.7 11.9 -4.3 26.7 21.1 31.9 20.9 49.1 12.2 12.0 19.0 -2.5 9.6 15.2 9.1 19.7 17.8 33.8 19.1 23.7 33.1 20.4 -12.2 32.4 7.0 4.6 10.6 7.6
保险服务
12.2 2.3 21.4 75.6 4.3 21.2 -0.8 3.7 25.8 21.4 3.9 29.4 113.9 4.1 34.5 17.6 4.0 48.8 141.2 4.8 65.0 33.4 4.9 77.5 19.1 4.9 93.8 21.0 4.9 115.7 23.3 4.6 141.3 22.1 4.6 129.1 -8.6 4.5 174.8 35.5 4.8 227.6 30.2 5.4 239.3 5.2 5.1 260.9 9.0 4.8 270.6 3.7 4.5
中国国际收支双顺差的成因及解决途径

中国国际收支“双顺差”的成因及其解决途径关键词:双顺差经常项目资本项目成因解决途径众所周知,20世纪90年代以来,除1998年外,中国始终保持经常项目与资本项目的“双顺差”格局(如表1),即经常项目顺差与资本、金融项目同时保持顺差。
特别是进入21世纪以来,双顺差规模出现增加趋势。
双顺差虽然给我国对内对外经济提供了一定的保障,但也埋藏了很多潜在风险与损失。
所以,双顺差是一个非常值得研究的话题。
下面,我就简单地对这一问题的成因和解决途径进行分析。
(一)成因一、特征和变化趋势首先,我们来分析一下双顺差的特征。
从表1可以看出,除个别年份外,中国的国际收支出现了持续的双顺差格局。
进一步观察,1994 - 1997 年(94、95表1未列)这段时间资本与金融账户盈余较大,而经常帐户盈余较小。
1998 - 2000 年之间,由于东亚金融危机的影响,我国的资本与金融帐户盈余较小,甚至在1998 年出现了资本净流出(表1粗斜体数据),而经常账户盈余相对较大。
2001 年以后,经常账户与资本账户盈余双双大幅增长,两者的相对重要性呈现交错状态。
2004年开始,两个账户各自交替出现大幅增长。
其中,从2005至2008年,经常账户保持较大盈余,远高于资本金融账户。
经常账户下,2006年较2005年增长57.5%,2007年较2006年增长46.8%,2008年又比2007年增长了14.6%。
至2009年,资本金融账户反超经常账户3000余亿美元。
因此,即使在双顺差的大格局下,两个账户双顺差的相对重要性也存在阶段性的差异。
表1 中国国际收支双顺差(1996 – 2009年 ,单位:亿美元) 然后来具体看一下货物和服务贸易顺差与外商直接投资差额之间的变化趋势。
同样,两和服务项目,还是外商直接投资项目,年度顺差波动幅度不是太大,表现出一定的稳定性(如图1)。
而04 年之后,外商直接投资差额从549 亿美元调升至791 亿美元,并于07年、08年增至1300亿美元之上的高位,然后由于经济危机影响,在2009年回落至与2006年持平状态。
2000-2013年中国服务贸易和中国运输服务贸易进出口统计

表名称项目名称(单位2000Q12000Q22000Q32000Q42001Q12001Q22001Q3中国国际收支平衡表(单位:亿美元)1.运输差额(单位:亿美元)-14-17-18-18-15-18-19中国国际收支平衡表(单位:亿美元)运输贷方(单位:亿美元)881011111112中国国际收支平衡表(单位:亿美元)运输借方(单位:亿美元)21262829252831 1.运输差额(单位:亿美元)-67运输贷方(单位:亿美元)出口额37运输借方(单位:亿美元)进口额104中国国际收支平衡表(单位:亿美元)b.服务差额(单位:亿美元)-17-222-19-17-15-10中国国际收支平衡表(单位:亿美元)服务贷方(单位:亿美元)67689476748286中国国际收支平衡表(单位:亿美元)服务借方(单位:亿美元)84899395919796 b.服务差额(单位:亿美元)-56服务贷方(单位:亿美元)出口额305服务借方(单位:亿美元)进口额361数据来源:国家外汇管理局年份中国服务贸易中年份进出口总额进口额出口额差额进出口总额2000666361305-561412001726393333-591602002862465397-6819420031021554467-8426220041378728650-7836720051584839745-96439200619271007920-885542007252413021222-787472008306015891471-1198882009288215881294-2937022010355519331622-31297520114337247618612013536533052060年份2000200120022003中国运输服务141160194262中国服务贸易66672686210211.运输差额(单位:亿美元)-6720002001200220032004中国运输服务6767801021262001Q42002Q12002Q22002Q32002Q42003Q12003Q22003Q32003Q4-15-16-20-23-21-23-23-30-26 131014161716202024 292634393839435050 -67-80-102 475780 113137182 -17-22-22-12-12-31-31-18-4 91829910611010389119156 109104121118122134121138161 -59-68-84 333397467 393465554中国运输服务贸易200520062007200820092010201120122013 1301331191202292914484705672004Q12004Q22004Q32004Q42005Q12005Q22005Q32005Q42006Q1 -29-34-35-28-28-32-35-35-37 252831373338404437 546166656169757975-126-130121155246284-14-28-393-23-18-42-13-43 147141163199164182193206179 161169202196187199235218221-78-96650745728839-126-1302006Q22006Q32006Q42007Q12007Q22007Q32007Q42008Q12008Q2 -27-40-29-25-23-25-46-27-32 5753636373859391101 8493928896110139117133-133-119210314344433-14-4615-13-18-27-20-23-10 224232285269290319344345376 238278270283308347364369385-88-78920122210071302-133-1192008Q32008Q42009Q12009Q22009Q32009Q42010Q12010Q22010Q3 -39-22-32-59-77-61-68-73-73 1039055525673688396 14111287111133135136156169 -120-229385236503466-51-35-88-78-76-51-90-72-70 381369274275353392341396427 432403363353429443431467498 -119-2931471129415891588-120-2292010Q42011Q12011Q22011Q32011Q42012Q12012Q22012Q32012Q4-77-101-108-120-119-116-114-118-122 958188959284100105100 172182197215211200214223222 -291-448-470 342356389 633805859 -80-133-134-192-158-181-222-297-198 458503427455476437466479533 537636561646633617688776731 -312-617-898 162218611915 193324762802-291-448-4702013Q12013Q22013Q32013Q4-128-135-155-149 93979493 221231249242-567377943 -275-277-425-268 463504508585 737781934853-124520603305-567。
2009年07月进口主要商品量值表汇总

毛纱线
吨
2,503
20,721
16,376
124,458
-25.1
-15
-16.3
-12.6
棉纱线
吨
97,164
224,494
563,743
1,294,950
25.8
19.6
14.2
12.5
合成纤维纱线
吨
48,785
147,642
289,830
846,899
5.7
-1.4
-10.5
-13.5
其中:
2,503.80
101.3
60.8
橄榄油
吨
1,601
5,589
6,317
23,081
26.5
-0.8
15
-10.8
棕榈油
万吨
59
443,266
274
1,804,877
36.7
-16.9
-2.5
-43
菜子油和芥子油
吨
37,012
31,513
287,030
224,660
-46.8
-71.6
68.4
-11.9
-23
-18
-28.4
其中:
聚酯切片(PET)
吨
24,677
27,716
143,702
147,390
-2.1
-25
10.6
-20.2
聚酰胺切片
吨
89,098
194,489
480,274
927,672
8.1
-20.4
-4.6
-36.4
非泡沫塑料的板、片、膜、箔
国际服务贸易的发展趋势及我国的对策研究论文

论文题目:国际服务贸易的发展趋势及我国的对策研究学生姓名:刘珍院系:工商管理学院专业班级:国际商务二班指导教师:李玉辉目录摘要 (2)关键词 (2)一、世界服务贸易发展趋势 (3)(一)服务业的跨国转移促进了服务贸易的快速发展 (3)(二)世界服务贸易结构调整加快,新兴服务贸易快速增长 (3)(三)服务外包成为推动全球经济增长的重要力量 (3)(四)国际服务贸易的内容越来越丰富,其结构不断优化 (3)(五)国际服务贸易的地区分布不平衡 (4)二、中国服务贸易发展现状分析 (5)(一)服务贸易总量分析 (5)(二)服务贸易结构分析 (5)三、中国服务贸易发展对策 (6)(一)优化调整产业结构,努力提升中国服务业的国际竞争力 (6)(二)推进新兴服务贸易出口,优化服务贸易结构 (6)(三)积极培育国内服务外包市场 (7)(四)加强服务贸易的立法工作 (7)(五)大力发展教育事业,加快我国服务贸易专业人才的教育和培养 (7)四、结束语 (9)五、参考文献 (10)国际服务贸易的发展趋势及我国的对策研究摘要:当前国际贸易发展的这些新趋势对世界各国的经贸发展都产生了深刻影响。
要辨证地看待当前我国面临的国际贸易环境,既要看到机遇中存在的挑战,也要看到挑战中蕴藏的机遇。
我们必须树立全球战略意识,进一步提高对外开放水平,为国内发展创造更大的空间和更有利的条件。
发达国家和部分发展中国家国际大都市发展的经验证明,在服务贸易领域,以新兴服务产业和技术含量高的服务产业为核心的现代服务贸易的快速发展,可以形成后发优势,实现跳跃式增长。
因此,建议中国相关政府部门有针对性地制定服务贸易的促进和保护政策,采取积极有效措施,推动服务贸易发展战略目标的实现。
关键词:中国;发展;国际服务贸易;服务贸易自由化;对外贸易政策。
正文:在国际服务贸易不断增强的大趋势下,中国服务贸易不论从总量和结构方面都居于弱势地位,本文在基于中国服务贸易发展现状进行分析的基础上,提出了加快中国服务贸易发展的对策。
历年中国国际收支平衡表

2011-09-302011-06-30No.差额贷方差额1一.经常项目/帐户(百万美元)145600106850087800 2货物和服务(百万美元)13300096670067900 3货物(百万美元)17290087630087600 4出口(百万美元)------5进口(百万美元)------6服务(百万美元)-3990090400-19700 7运输(百万美元)--16900-20900 8旅游(百万美元)--22600-10200 9通讯服务(百万美元)--900300 10建筑服务(百万美元)--68004900 11保险服务(百万美元)--1400-7700 12金融服务(百万美元)--4000 13计算机和信息服务(百万美元)--55003900 14专有权利使用费和特许费(百万美元)--400-6800 15咨询(百万美元)--129004400 16广告、宣传(百万美元)--1700200 17电影、音像(百万美元)--100-100 18其它商业服务(百万美元)--2070012400 19别处未提及的政府服务(百万美元)--300-200 20收益/收入(百万美元)-12300741001800 21职工报酬(百万美元)--79007100 22投资收益(百万美元)--66200-5300 23经常转移(百万美元)250002780018100 24各级政府(百万美元)--0-900 25其它部门(百万美元)--2770019000 26二.资本和金融项目/帐户(百万美元)229800681700183900 27资本项目(百万美元)--30002900 28金融项目(百万美元)--678800181000 29直接投资(百万美元)12860013060092700 30我国在外直接投资(百万美元)--7900-18300 31外国在华直接投资(百万美元)--122600111000 32证券投资(百万美元)--205008400 33资产(百万美元)--11600500 34股本证券(百万美元)--7000800 35债务证券(百万美元)--4600-200 36 (中)长期债券(百万美元)--4400-200 37货币市场工具(百万美元)--2000 38负债(百万美元)--90007900 39股本证券(百万美元)--90007900 40债务证券(百万美元)--00 41 (中)长期债券(百万美元)--00 42货币市场工具(百万美元)--00 43其它投资(百万美元)--52770079800 44资产(百万美元)--36600-77800 45贸易信贷(百万美元)--0-25400 46长期(百万美元)--0-500 47短期(百万美元)--0-24900 48贷款(百万美元)--4900-3300 49长期(百万美元)--0-7900 50短期(百万美元)--49004600 51货币和存款(百万美元)--23600-57200 52其它资产(百万美元)--82008200 53长期(百万美元)--0054短期(百万美元)--82008200 55负债(百万美元)--82008200 56贸易信贷(百万美元)--2850028500 57长期(百万美元)--500500 58短期(百万美元)--2800028000 59贷款(百万美元)--36050064300 60长期(百万美元)--214008200 61短期(百万美元)--33910056100 62货币和存款(百万美元)--9600060700 63其它负债(百万美元)--60004200 64长期(百万美元)--24002400 65短期(百万美元)--36001800 66三.储备资产(百万美元)-375400500-283700 67货币黄金(百万美元)000 68特别提款权(百万美元)400300300 69在基金组织的储备头寸(百万美元)-2700200-3000 70外汇(百万美元)-3731000-281000 71其它债权(百万美元)000 72四.总计(百万美元)------73五.净误差与遗漏(百万美元)--12000120002011-03-312010-12-31借方贷方差额借方贷方差额借方9807004958002880046700019468003054001641400 8987004465001210043440017526002321001520600 7886004012002080038040015814002542001327200 ----------------------------11010045300-870054000171200-22100193300 378008100-101001820034200-2900063300 3270010500-63001680045800-910054900 60040020020012001001100 19003100200011001450094005100 9100600-380043001700-1400015800 3002001001001300-1001400 160025001800800930063003000 7200200-34003600800-1220013000 840063002400390022800770015100 140080010070029008002000 2000-100100100-200400 83001260086004000356001840017200 500200-1003001000-2001100 723003590051003080014460030400114200 8003800340040013600122001500 715003210017003040013100018200112800 97001340011600170049500429006600 9000-1001000-300300 87001340011700170049500432006300 497800298800861002127001108000226000882000 10015001500048004600200 497800297300847002127001103200221400881800 3780058800448001400021440012490089400 262002900-660095007600-6020067800 116005590051400450020680018510021700 121004500-27007200636002400039500 110003900-2800680026800-760034500 62003000-100310011500-840019900 4800900-270036001540080014600 4700900-2700360012800190011000 1000002500-11003600 110060020040036800317005100 110060020040034500314003200 0000220030019000000220030019000000000 4479002340004250019150082530072400752800 11450018600-224004100075000-116300191200 254000-76007600500-6160062100 5000-2002000-43004300 249000-74007400400-5730057800 82000-5400540019700-2100040700 79000-510051000-2770027700 3000-20020019700660013100 8080017500-105002800030300-5800088300 01000100002450024400100000000001000100002450024400100010001000024500244001000790079000583004950088000100100041003500600078007800054200460008100 2963001601002600013410058600079100506900 13300520020003200264001000016300 2830001549002400013090055960069100490600 353004510029500156001038006030043500 1800230014008002200-3002500 0100010000100-400500 1800130040080022001002000 284300100-1412001413000-471700471700 0000000010010000-100100 32000-320032000-21002100 2810000-1380001380000-469600469600 0000000 --------------0262002620000-59700597002010-09-302010-06-302010-03-31贷方差额借方借方贷方差额差额5315001017004298004067004718006510036500 475900769003990003769004312005430023100 430700814003493003302003896005950030300 ----------------------------45200-4600498004670041600-5100-7200 9600-730016900156008300-7300-6800 11800-2300141001220011700-500-2700 300030030030000 3800240014001300360023001500 600-360042003900300-3500-3000 400-2005001003002000 25001800700800230015001200 200-290030003700300-3400-2800 5700200038003600510015001800 700200500500800200100 001001000-100-100 9500540041004300840040003400 2000200400300-1000 43300141002920028200290008003900 37003300400300300027002400 3960010800288002790026000-19001500 1230010800150017001160099009500 0-1001001000-100-100 12300108001400160011600100009600 270600141002565002395002713003190061200 9009000100150014001200 269700132002565002394002699003050060100 49900245002540018100468002870032700 2200-1810020300122001100-11100-8200 477004260051005900457003980040900 20100141005900176008100-95002200 3600-6004100150007200-7900600 2500-300280083003000-5300-2100 1000-300130067004100-25002700 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490564.577288.98483275.6-18422.35757633.35739211326841.05 0-7288.987288.9818422.35018422.3502002-12-312002-06-30贷方差额借方差额贷方借方差额225021.1211120.4535211335421.97387534.97158247.7613629.82 209637.367257.62328012.6637382.67365395.33145045.916394.05 190418.7913532.52281484.2544166.57325650.82122621.3820719.89 ----------------------------19218.56-6274.946528.41-6783.939744.5122424.52-4325.84 3541.53-4667.0413611.9-7891.75720.215870.18-3448.9 733139.8715398.424986.58203858695.25827.75 317.49131.67470.4279.69550.11195.4125.15 605.0776.87963.86282.591246.45474.07139.08 130.94-1929.173245.74-3036.79208.941420.88-1325.2730.78-13.9989.84-38.8351.0145.38-22.15481.09-38.451132.85-494.69638.17552.16-301.3154.58-1750.383114-2981.18132.821280.34-1206.84853.84-696.332630.53-1345.591284.941101.12-612.76 219.433.83394.45-21.6372.85123.6138.9813.46-15.0596.02-66.3529.6732.61-22.395476.72602.824931.973829.118761.082431.461632.41 162.69-49.55448.4-85.14363.26202.05-49.59 7363.03-3649.9223289.42-14945.158344.2712842.94-8496.56 510.32-24.18950.33-276.58673.75441.29-215.81 6852.72-3625.7422339.09-14668.577670.5212401.65-8280.75 8020.747512.75810.9312984.4513795.37358.925732.3261.69-0.11160.14-73.6586.4986.97-37.157959.047512.85650.7913058.113708.88271.955769.47 97088.8744403.196030.4732290.84128321.3145088.2312247.45 0-22.6549.63-49.63024.4-24.4 97088.8744425.7595980.8432340.47128321.3145063.8312271.86 30342.8526924.156284.0546789.5753073.621955.4522713.2587.85-839.412849.03-2518.41330.62480.35-391.653025527763.563435.0249307.98527431475.123104.9 899.87-4293.1612629.1-10342.492286.627112.77-7002.6423.85-4962.0912109.24-12094.5114.736429.73-6427.59000000023.85-4962.0912109.24-12094.5114.736429.73-6427.5923.8516.913287.92-3273.1914.739.73-7.590-49798821.32-8821.3206420-6420 876.02668.93519.861752.032271.88683.05-575.05 7537530224922490105 123.02-84.07519.86-496.9822.88683.05-680.0580.41-118.15505.56-505.080.48683.05-683.0542.6134.0814.38.122.40365846.1421794.7677067.69-4106.6272961.0735995.61-3438.76 27748.518195.6416850.12-3076.7413773.385657.283702.16 1078.071078.0701098.011098.0101660.16 0000000 1078.071078.0701098.011098.0101660.16 15194.814510.745737.74-5391.12346.62532.73-456.76 0-56329-2907-7 15194.815073.745708.74-5362.12346.62525.73-449.76 278.56-5174.93844.95-2486.291358.66620.191343.4 11197.077781.737267.433702.6610970.094504.351155.36 000002365.95-2365.9511197.077781.737267.433702.6610970.092138.413521.31 11197.077781.737267.433702.6610970.092138.413521.31 1332.91332.902849.352849.350226.85 0000000 1332.91332.902849.352849.350226.85 31984.682008.1956216.86-4139.6252077.2425338.18-5339.86 10473.46-274.1322900.89-4531.0418369.869547.73-2332.72 21511.222282.3333315.97391.4133707.3815790.45-3007.14 4189.76572.653815.69286.824102.51395.26110.58 590.29-314.62185.02-26.42158.63604.89-2138.49 477.39-309.4169.517.1576.662953.59-1496.79 112.9-5.21115.51-33.5781.94651.3-641.7 0-60254.675507.06-75507.06031147.47-31147.47 0000000 0-16143.17-143.17085.17-85.17 0-1701121.74-1121.740463.74-463.74 0-60068.674242.15-74242.15030598.56-30598.56 0000000 322109.99-4731.06523650.53-7794.26515856.28234483.47-5270.2 4731.064731.0607794.267794.2605270.22001-12-312001-06-30贷方贷方差额借方借方贷方差额171877.58317924.4717405.28300519.19143660.48148759.085098.59 161439.95299410.1728086.22271323.95129839.45140071.6410232.19 143341.27266075.0434017.23232057.81111075.08124518.2613443.17 ----------------------------18098.6833335.14-5931.0139266.1518764.3715553.38-3210.99 2421.284635.06-6689.0811324.145387.062123.47-3263.58 9523177923883.1713908.837068.5784781409.43 220.55271.12-54.86325.98144.81137.25-7.56 613.15830.19-16.82847.01472.04346.85-125.1995.62227.33-2483.692711.011257.9773.12-1184.8523.2399.0821.6677.4127.4274.4747.06250.86461.46116.75344.71126.41202.4576.0473.5110.1-1827.961938.06885.1446.14-839488.36889.27-612.841502.12559.93337.81-222.12 162.59277.2919.23258.06120136.416.3910.2227.9-22.3250.2220.567.44-13.124063.877281.751538.185743.572617.373380.42763.05 152.46432.6197.56235.0477.09209.56132.48 4346.399389.58-19173.2628562.8413547.134938.03-8609.1 225.48297.49-554.15851.64180.59121.32-59.27 4120.99092.09-18619.1127711.213366.544816.71-8549.83 6091.249124.718492.31632.4273.913749.413475.5149.82138.04-66.63204.6778.9276.67-2.256041.428986.678558.94427.73194.993672.743477.75 57335.6999531.1434775.4364755.7142603.6361579.1318975.5 00-53.5453.5420.790-20.79 57335.6999531.1434828.9764702.1742582.8561579.1318996.28 24668.6947052.4237355.899696.532442.8220760.6618317.8488.69206.42-6885.47091.821277.3569.66-1207.7245804684644241.292604.711165.472069119525.53 110.142403.86-19405.9321809.7911773.821769.95-10003.872.1469.21-20654.2820723.4911746.6218.3-11728.32031.5931.590------2.1437.62-20685.8620723.49------2.1437.62-55885625.63------00-15097.8615097.86------1082334.651248.351086.327.21751.651724.45 1058498490------31485.65399.351086.3------01485.65399.351086.3------3000------32556.8650074.861687933195.8528366.2139048.5310682.32 9359.4433667.220812.7612854.4416786.9518762.71975.75 1660.16702.33702.3309716.370-9716.37 0000------1660.16702.33702.330------75.9815736.2915313.56422.74169.159639.899470.7400-177177------75.9815736.2915490.56245.74------1963.59301.16-3213.823514.981484.3557.34-1427.01 5659.7116927.428010.698916.735417.089065.483648.4 00-5387.35387.3------。
1997-2009服务贸易进口分项目表
390.3 113.2 139.1 3.3 8.5 27.1 0.8 3.4 19.4 15.0 2.6 0.5 57.4
8.8 8.9 6.1 34.7 -14.8 9.7 -20.6 30.1 51.3 134.8 27.5 34.2 -6.1
100.0 29.0 35.6 0.8 2.2 6.9 0.2 0.9 5.0 3.8 79.0 108.7 1.9 15.4 19.2 1.7 2.2 7.9 5.2 2.2 0.3 65.9
17.0 16.8 18.0 -7.0 37.5 9.3 2.1 -32.8 88.6 -30.8 -17.4 -13.0 21.2
100.0 25.5 35.1 0.6 5.0 6.2 0.5 0.7 2.6 1.7 0.7 0.1 21.3
716.0 245.4 191.5 4.7 13.4 61.2 1.4 12.5 45.0 47.3 7.0 1.8 84.8
30.5 34.6 26.1 10.5 13.1 34.2 -40.6 20.9 26.7 37.2 52.5 152.9 31.2
100.0 34.3 26.7 0.7 1.9 8.6 0.2 1.7 6.3 6.6 1.0 0.2 11.8
358.6 104.0 131.1 2.4 9.9 24.7 1.0 2.7 12.8 6.4 2.0 0.4 61.2
15.8 31.6 20.7 25.1 -35.4 28.6 -41.6 18.5 61.8 22.0 -7.6 10.2 -7.2
100.0 29.0 36.6 0.7 2.8 6.9 0.3 0.7 3.6 1.8 0.6 0.1 17.1
460.8 136.1 154.0 4.7 9.6 32.5 0.9 11.3 31.1 26.3 3.9 1.0 49.3
服务贸易发展的新特点和趋势 正文
服务贸易发展的新特点和趋势国际服务贸易是指服务业(第三产业)的对外贸易,即发生国际收支行为的服务业经营活动,如国际间运输、保险、金融、旅游、技术等劳务的有偿提供和接受。
国际服务贸易是本世纪70年代以来突破传统意义上的国际商品活动领域而迅猛发展的。
因此,国际服务贸易关系到国家政治,经济等日后的发展。
国际贸易的自由化越来越明显的体现在经济发展的体制下。
美国服务贸易在其经济发展中起着重要作用。
关键字:服务贸易;特点;政策分析一、当代国际服务贸易发展的特点国际服务贸易是指服务业(第三产业)的对外贸易,即发生国际收支行为的服务业经营活动,如国际间运输、保险、金融、旅游、技术等劳务的有偿提供和接受。
国际服务贸易是本世纪70年代以来突破传统意义上的国际商品活动领域而迅猛发展的。
随着《服务贸易总协定》(GA TS)的签订并生效,国际服务贸易日益得到各国的重视,已成为世界经贸竞争的又一热点。
据世界贸易组织1997年12月发表的1997年世界贸易年度报告显示,全球服务贸易发展迅速,1996年增长5%,1997年预计增至7%,总额将达2.7万亿美元。
纵观国际服务贸易的发展,呈现如下趋势:1、服务贸易在国际贸易中的比重不断加大。
服务贸易的发展是产业进步的标志。
二战以后的半个多世纪当中,特别是70年代以来,由于国际分工的深化,产业结构不断调整,科技革命加剧以及跨国公司的崛起,促使国际服务贸易以高于货物贸易增长的速度迅速发展。
1970年,世界服务贸易总额只有710亿美元,而到1980年则猛增至3830亿美元,10年间增长5倍多。
1980年以后,国际服务贸易依然保持着迅猛增长的势头,年平均增长率约为5%,是同期国际货物贸易年平均增长率2.5%的两部。
到1993年,世界服务贸易额达到1.03万亿美元,在全球贸易总额中的比重超过四分之一。
人们预计,随着关贸总协定“乌拉圭回合”协议的实施和世界贸易组织(WTO)的正式运行,各国将进一步开放服务市场,服务贸易也会随之进一步发展,到本世纪末将会占全球贸易总额的三分之一。
中国服务贸易结构探析
中国服务贸易结构探析近年来我国服务贸易大幅增长。
2013年,中国服务进出口总额达5396.4亿美元,比上年增长14.7%。
其中,全年服务进出口总额占对外贸易总额的比重为11.5%,同比提升0.7个百分点,仍位居世界第三位,占世界服务进出口总额的比重攀升到了6%。
但是,与世界上人均收入和中国相近的国家相比,中国的服务贸易发展水平仍偏低,2005年,全球服务贸易增加值占GDP比重为60%以上,但我国这一数字仅为40.2%,而服务贸易劳动就业占全部就业的比重仅为31.4%,远低于国际平均水平。
而我国服务贸易结构不合理是造成此后果的重要原因之一。
(一)服务贸易结构分析1、服务贸易进口结构分析在我国服务贸易构成中,运输,旅游,其他商业服务等传统服务贸易部门占据较大比重,而金融、保险、咨询、邮电、航空运输、专业服务等技术、知识、资本密集型服务贸易的比重不足。
这表明我国服务贸易发展不平衡,传统服务贸易比重较大,现代服务贸易相对滞后。
根据2000-2009年中国服务贸易出口分项目情况统计数据,旅游、运输、其他商业服务一直是中国服务贸易出口的三大主要部门。
从表1中可以看出,运输、旅游服务所占的比重过大,占据了服务贸易出口的半壁江山,其他商业部门的比重也在起伏上升,到2009年占据了一半比重。
2、服务贸易进口结构分析根据1997-2006年中国服务贸易进口分项目情况统计数据,运输、旅游、其他商业服务为中国服务贸易进口的三大主要部门,其中运输服务进口表现为先降后升的趋势,2003年跃居第一位,成为中国服务贸易进口第一大部门,2006年占比达34.3%。
旅游服务表现为先升后降的趋势,自1997年29.3%升至2000年36.6%的高位,又降至2006年的24.2%,为第二大服务进口部门。
其他商业服务所占比重在10.7%-21.3%之间波动。
3、总结从以上分析可以看出,第一,无论出口还是进口,中国服务贸易都以传统的旅游、运输等行业作为支撑,其主要属于资源型和劳动密集型产业,而资本密集型服务如航空、通讯、建筑以及技术、知识密集型服务如金融、计算机和信息服务等部门对中国服务贸易的贡献微弱,中国的服务贸易仍以传统的落后方式增长。
服务贸易
概念起源西方学者对服务贸易概念的探讨是从“服务”本身的概念开始服务贸易的。
早在1977年,霍尔(T.P.Hill)n论界所公认的服务概念。
霍尔指出:“服务是指人或隶属于一定经济单位的物在事先合意的前提下由于其他单位的活动所发生的变化。
……服务的生产和消费同时进行,即消费者单位的变化和生产者单位的变化是同时发生,这种变化是同一的。
服务一旦生产出来必须由消费者获得而不能储存,这与其物理特性无关,而只是逻辑上的不可能……。
”80年代中期80年代中期,巴格瓦蒂(].N.Bhagwatti)(1984年)及桑普(G.Sampson)和斯内普(R.Snape)(1985年)相继扩展了霍尔的“服务”概念,他们把服务区分为两类:一类为需要物理上接近的服务,另一类为不需要物理上接近的服务。
以此为基础,巴格瓦蒂将服务贸易的方式分为4种:(1)消费和生产者都不移动的服务贸易;(2)消费者移动到生产者所在国进行的服务贸易;(3)生产者移动到消费者所在国际行服务贸易;(4)消费者和生产者移动到第三国进行的服务贸易。
桑普森和斯内普对服务贸易的分类同巴格瓦帝基本相同,只是把服务消费者换成服务接收者,并且它既可以是人,也可以是物。
与此相类似,1987年格鲁柏(H.G.Grubel)则直接把服务贸易定义为人或物的国际流动。
特征上述服务贸易的定义抓住了服务贸易的特征,即服务和贸易者的不可分,可以把服务贸易同传统的货物贸易清楚地区别开来。
但是,关于服务贸易的定义,仅仅探讨至此是不够的,因为它存在明显的缺陷,即无法把服务贸易同生产要素的国际流动区分开。
为了克服这一缺陷,巴格瓦蒂等人把生产要素的国际流动区分为暂时流动和永久流动,认为生产要素在国际间的暂时流动为服务贸易,而生产要素的永久流动则不属于服务贸易--资本在国际间的永久流动是国际直接投资,人力在国际间的永久流动则是国际移民。
编辑本段兴起与发展中国的学者探讨服务贸易是从90年代开始的。