高考英语常考词否定前缀和后缀

高考英语常考词否定前缀和后缀
高考英语常考词否定前缀和后缀

常考词否定前缀和后缀

五个常见英语否定前缀用法辨析

五个常见英语否定前缀用法辨析 一、un-是来自英语本族语的前缀,其英文含义为not, the opposite of。它是5个否定前缀中运用最为广泛的一个,构词能力相当强。通常加在形容词、副词、名词、动词及分词之前,表示否定意义和相反的动作。该词缀的用法有下列几种情形: 1. un-加在词头为in-或im-的单词前。 a.加在in-前: uninfluential uninformative unintelligent unintentional unintelliglble uninterpretable uninteresting uninvolved b.加在im-前: unimportant unimaginable unimpressible unimpressive unimproved unimagined 2. un-加在以-able,-ful,-like,-ly,-some,-ing,-ed结尾的单词前。 a.加在-able结尾的词前: unfinishable undesirable unmatchable unexplainable unexpectable untranslatable b.加在-ful结尾的词前: unhealthful unfruitful unhelpful unmindful unpainful unskillful unsucceessful unus eful c.加在-like结尾的词前: unstatesmanlike unsportsrnanlike d.加在-some结尾的词前: unhandsome untroublesome e.加在-ly结尾的词前: unbrotherly unshapely unsightly unworldly unwomanly unmannerly f.加在-ing结尾的词前: unharming ungiving unloving unfeeling unmeaning unmoving g.加在-ed结尾的词前: unmoved unspoiled unhandled unfixed unexpressed unexpected 3. un-还可以加在-ed分词+介词或副词的词前: unheard-of unhoped-for unmade-up uncared-for 4. “un+名词+ful”形式的形容词常和“名词+less”形式的形容词表达相同的意思。例如:unfaithful=faithless,unuseful=useless等。但也有例外,如hopeless,thoughtless就没有相应的unhopeful,unthoughtful。 5. 在现代英语中,un-的使用范围日趋广泛,几乎可以任意地加在形容词前构成反义词。如:unalike, uncool, uncooperative等。 6. 近年来,un-又增添了新的含义。如:unbook指买来不是为读而是为送人的书;unperson 指政治上失宠并遭清洗的官员。 二、in-是来自拉丁语的前缀,其英文含义为the opposite of, not, 表示“相反”的意思。常加在形容词前构成反义词。除了in-这一基本形式外,由于音同化的影响,还有其它3种词素变体(allomorph):il-, im-和ir-, 共有4种形式。其用法有下面4条细则: 1. il-用于l开头的单词,如: illegal illiterate illogical 2. im-用于b, m, p开头的单词,如: imbalance immortal imperfect 3. ir-用于r开头的单词,如: irresponsible irregular irrelevant 4. in-用于其它字母开头的单词,如: inactive incorrect inexperience inhuman injustice insecure 拉丁语前缀in-在过去非常盛行,现在却变为了非能产性的,不能再与英语本族语的同义词前缀un-抗衡。在现代英语中,几乎所有的形容词和分词都可以加un-这个前缀。因此,在用法上要注意in-和un-的区别。

五个常见英语否定前缀用法辨析之令狐文艳创作

五个常见英语否定前缀用法辨析 令狐文艳 一、un-是来自英语本族语的前缀,其英文含义为not, the opposite of。它是5个否定前缀中运用最为广泛的一个,构词能力相当强。通常加在形容词、副词、名词、动词及分词之前,表示否定意义和相反的动作。该词缀的用法有下列几种情形: 1. un-加在词头为in-或im-的单词前。 a.加在in-前:uninfluential uninformative unintell igent unintentional unintelliglble uninterpretable uninteresting un involved b.加在im-前: unimportant unimaginable unimpre ssible unimpressive unimproved unimagined 2. un-加在以-able,-ful,-like,-ly,-some,-ing,-ed 结尾的单词前。 a.加在-able结尾的词前: unfinishable undesirable unmatchable unexplai nable unexpectable untranslatable b.加在-ful结尾的词前: unhealthful unfruitful unhelpful unmindful unpainful unskillful

unsucceessful unuseful c.加在-like结尾的词前: unstatesmanlike unsportsrnanlike d.加在-some结尾的词前:unhandsome untroublesome e.加在-ly结尾的词前: unbrotherly unshapely unsightly unw orldly unwomanly unmannerly f.加在-ing结尾的词前: unharming ungiving unloving u nfeeling unmeaning unmoving g.加在-ed结尾的词前: unmoved unspoiled unhandled unfixed unexpressed unexpected 3. un-还可以加在-ed分词+介词或副词的词前: unheard-of unhoped-for unmade-up uncared-for 4. “un+名词+ful”形式的形容词常和“名词+less”形式的形容词表达相同的意思。例如:unfaithful=faithless,unuseful=useless等。但也有例外,如hopeless,thoughtless就没有相应的unhopeful,unthoughtful。 5. 在现代英语中,un-的使用范围日趋广泛,几乎可以任意地加在形容词前构成反义词。如:

(完整版)常用前缀后缀

常用前缀后缀 一.表示否定的前缀 1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。 disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable(不光彩的)disagree(不同意) 2.in-加在形容词,名词之前 incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的) 3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前 impossible(不顺能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻) 4.il-加在以1开头的词前 illegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的,无文化的)illogical(不合逻辑的) 5.ir-加在以r开头的词前 irregular(不稳定的),irresistable(不可抵抗的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的) 6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前 unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)unemployment(失业) 7.non-加在形容词,名词前 non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非电的) 8.mis-加在动词、名词之前 misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导),misfortune(不幸) 9.de-加在名词,形容词之前 demobilize(遣散;使…复员) decolor (脱色, 漂白) 10.anti-加在名词、形容词之前 anti-Japanese(抗日战争),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidite(解毒药) 11.counter-加在名词、动词前 counterattack(反攻,反击),counteract(抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution(反革命) 二.表示“前before”的前缀 1.pre- preconception(成见),pre-exsiting(先于……而存在的),pre-selection(选举前的) preface(前言) 2.ante- anteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor(先行者,先驱者) 3.fore- forehaed(前额),foreground(前景),foreman(工头,领班),foresee(预见,先见),foretell(预言) 4.pro- programme(计划),prologue(序幕) 5.ex- ex-president(前任总统)ex-wife(前妻) 三.表示“后-post”的前缀 1.post- post-war(战后),post-position(后置词),postmeridian(下午) 四.表示“低”、“下”的前缀 1.hypo- hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),hypothesis(假设),pypocholoride(次氯酸盐) 2.Infra- infra-red(红外线),infrahuman(低于人类的),infrasonic(亚声的,次声的) 3.sub- sub-editou(副编辑),sub-way(地铁),sub-conscious(下意识的),submarine(海下的),subtropical(亚热带的),subtitle(副标题)

(完整版)初中英语形容词否定前后缀语法归纳

2011级英语总复习 构词法-2 初中英语形容词否定前后缀语法归纳 ☆特别提醒: ◇初中阶段,形容词否定前缀大多以un-构成,除去少数几个以-less否定后缀结尾外,不是以un-否定前缀构成的形容词基本上只有7个。 即上表中以dis-, im-, in-, ir-开头的七个例词。换言之,如果把这七个词烂熟于心,那么记忆形容词否定前缀就将事半功倍。 ◇以un-开头的形容词其前面的冠词用的是an。例如:an unusual boy。 ◇dis-否定前缀除了形容词dishonest外,还常常用在动词前构成否定形式,如dislike, disagree, disappear等。 用所给单词的适当形式填空:

1. You will be_____________ (able) to pass the exam if you don’t study hard. 2. There are lots of ________ (common) kinds of birds in Zhalong. Many people like to go birdwatching there. 3. It is ___________ (necessary) for you to walk the little dog once a week to the park. 4. It is ___________ (important) to keep quiet when you watch the birds and insects. 5. He feels _________(happy) because he lost his wallet. 6. There is a ________ (regular) rain in Sahara desert every year. 7. Is it __________(possible) to get to the city by train? 8. Some people are ___________ ( friendly) to birds. They throw stones to them. 9. Some people feel ____ (happy) that government give poor people such small and ____(comfortable) flats. 10. It is _______ (safe) to walk on the street at night. 11. We should keep students staying away from the ________ (healthy) books. 12. These trainers are too small. They are ______________(comfortable) to wear. 13. If someone does not show good manners to others, he is ____________(polite). 14. Jim never tells lies and he is an ___________ (honest) boy. 15. This girl is so __________(care) that she often makes mistakes in her homework. ◇江苏13城市中考试题汇编◇ 1. It's ________(friendly) of him to say such bad words to his classmates. (08常州) 2. Don't get _________(patient) about your personal trouble. (08无锡) 3. He seemed ______(friend) at first, but now I've got to know him and I realize he's warm and kind. (08徐州) 4. If someone doesn't show good manners to others, he or she is __________(polite). (08宿迁) 5. It’s so ___________(不公平的)! Mary gets more money for less work. (09镇江) 6. The basketball team was __________(luck) to lose in the final minute of the game. (09徐州) 7. In some ways, the space shuttles travel fast, but the journey to Mars may be very___(comfortable). (09泰州) 8. it’s ___________(possible) for us to finish so much work within so little time. We need help. (2010南通) 9. Simon is such a __________(honest) person that no one believes him. (2010扬州) 10. Don’t be ________(patient)! You should listen to what he is saying first. (2010常州) 11. It is _________(possible) for me to design the poster without your help. (2010泰州) 12. it’s not easy for those superstars to face ___________(无穷无尽的)interviews and doubts. (2010镇江) Keys:

常见英语前缀(具体)

英文前缀 1.表示否定意义的前缀 1)纯否定前缀 a-, an-, asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的) dis- dishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular ne-, n-, none, neither, never non-, noesense neg-, neglect un- unable, unemployment 2)表示错误的意义 male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调) mis-, mistake, mislead pseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience 3)表示反动作的意思 de-, defend, demodulation(解调) dis-, disarm, disconnect un-, unload, uncover 4)表示相反,相互对立意思 anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeign,(排外的) contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, controflow(逆流) counter-, counterreaction, counterbalance ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy with-, withdraw, withstand

最常见的前缀和后缀

英语中的派生词的构成主要有三种:合成(由两个或两个以上的单词合成的单词);派生(指一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成的单词);转化(一种词性转化成另一种或几种词性的单词)。本文重点通过对前缀和后缀的剖析解读派生词的意义和特点。 先看下表: 一、前缀 1. dis- 表示意义相反,主要用在动词之前,间或用于名词或形容词前。如: appear (v.出现) → disappear (v.消失), 再如: dislike不喜欢 discover 发现 disobey不遵从 disbelieve 不相信 dishonest(adj.)不诚实的 disadvantage (n.) 不利条件,缺点 2. in-, im-, un-, il-, ir-用在形容词前,表示否定意义。如: indirect 间接的 incorrect 不正确的 inactive 不活动的

impossible 不可能的 unable 不能的 unhealthy 不健康的 unsuccessful 不成功的 uncommon不普通的 unpleasant令人不快的 unfortunate不幸的 irregular不规则的 illegal非法的 invisible看不见的 3. re- 表示“重新,再”,用在动词前。如: rebuild 重新建造 recycle 再循环 reconsider 重新考虑 review 复习二、后缀 I.形容词后缀 1. -able (n./v.→adj.)表示“可以……的;显示……性质”。如:respectable 可敬的 eatable 可吃的 comfortable 舒服的 valuable 有价值的 fashionable 时髦的 loveable 可爱的 2. -ful (n./v.→adj.) 表示“充满……的”。如: beautiful 漂亮的 successful 成功的 wonderful 精彩的 mouthful 满嘴的 shameful 可耻的 hopeful 充满希望的 3. -less (n.→adj.) 表示“没有……的”。如: jobless 无业的 cordless 无线的 homeless 无家可归的 helpless 无助的 4. -ous (n.→adj.)表示“具有……性质的”。如: nervous 紧张的 famous 著名的 dangerous 危险的 poisonous 有毒的 mountainous 山区的 humorous 幽默的

英文中常用否定前缀总结

英文中常用否定前缀总结 anti-表示,相反的,相对的antibody 抗体 non-表示“非”nonhuman 非人类 英语中大部分否定前缀构词法: 1> dis 加在形容词前 -- agreeable(adj.使人愉快的)→ disagreeable(adj.不愉快的) -- content(adj.满意的 vt.使满足)→ discontent(adj.不满的 vt.令人不满 n.不满) -- graceful(adj.优美的)→ disgraceful(adj.使失体面的, 耻辱的)-- honest(adj.诚实的, 正直的)→ dishonest(adj.不诚实的) -- satisfactory(adj.满意的)→ dissatisfactory(adj.不满意的) 加在名词前 -- agreement(n.同意)→ disagreement(n.意见不同) -- honesty(n.诚实, 正直)→ dishonesty(n.不诚实, 不老实) -- ability(n.能力, 才干)→ disability(n.无力, 无能) -- grace(n.优美, 雅致)→ disgrace(n.耻辱) -- comfort(n.舒适 vt.安慰)→ discomfort(n.不舒适 vt.使不舒适)可以加在动词前 -- agree(v.同意)→ disagree(v.不同意) -- appear(vi.出现)→ disappear(vi.消失, 不见) -- believe(相信, 信任)→ disbelieve(v.不信, 怀疑) 在名词前加dis得到动词, 表示除去、解除。 -- courage(n.勇气, 精神)→ discourage(vt.使气馁) -- root(n.根, 根部)→ disroot / unroot(vt.连根拔除)

常用的前缀和后缀

一、常用的前缀和后缀 1、常用前缀 aero-:concerning the air of aircraft plane—aeroplane space—aerospace anti-:against;opposite of nuclear—antinuclear matter—antimatter war—antiwar auto-:of or by oneself biography—autobiography criticism—autocriticism be-:to treat as the stated thing friend—befriend little—belittle bi-:two;twice;double lingual—bilingual cycle—bicycle bio-:concerning living things chemistry—biochemistry sphere—biosphere by-,bye-:less important produce—by-produce way—byway centi-:hundredth part grade—centigrade meter—centimeter co-:together,with author—coauthor exist—coexist col-:( used before l ) together,with location—collocation com-:( used before b,m,p ) together,with

passion—compassion con-:together,with centric—concentric federation—confederation contra-:opposite diction—contradiction natural—contranatural cor-:( used before r ) together,with relate—correlate respond—correspond counter-:opposite act—counteract attack—counterattack cross-:across;going between the stated things and joining them country—crosscountry breed—crossbreed de-:showing an opposite;to remove;to reduce code—decode value—devalue dis-:not;the opposite of advantage—disadvantage agree—disagree honest—dishonest em-:( used before b,m,p ) to cause to become body—embody power—empower en-:to cause to become;to make danger—endanger large—enlarge ex-:former ( and still living ) minister—ex-minister wife—ex-wife

最常见的前缀和后缀

1 / 5 英语中的派生词的构成主要有三种: 合成(由两个或两个以上的单词合成的单词);派生(指一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成的单词);转化(一种词性转化成另一种或几种词性的单词)。本文重点通过对前缀和后缀的剖析解读派生词的意义和特点。 先看下表: 词缀 特点 类别前缀通常不改 变词性词义词类 agree (v.)→ disagree(v.) 同意→不同意 health (n.)→ healthy (adj.) 健康→健康的 care (n.)→ careless (adj.) 小心→粗心的 意义改变后缀一般改变 2 / 5 词性词义改变不 大, 但否定意义后

缀除外 一、前缀 1. dis-表示意义相反,主要用在动词之前,间或用于名词或形容词前。如: appear (v.出现) →disappear (v.消失), 再如: dislike不喜欢discover发现disobey不遵从disbelieve不相信dishonest(adj.)不诚实的disadvantage (n.)不利条件,缺点2. in-, im-, un-, il-, ir-用在形容词前,表示否定意义。如:indirect间接的incorrect不正确的inactive不活动的impossible不可能的unable不能的unhealthy不健康的unfortunate不幸的irregular不规则的illegal非法的 invisible看不见的 3. re-表示“重新,再”,用在动词前。如: rebuild重新建造recycle再循环reconsider重新考虑review复习二、后缀 I.形容词后缀 1. -able (n./v.→adj.)表示“可以??的;显示??性质”。如:valuable有价值的fashionable时髦的loveable可爱的 3 / 5 2. -ful (n./v.→adj.) 表示“充满??的”。如: beautiful漂亮的successful成功的wonderful精彩的 mouthful满嘴的shameful可耻的hopeful充满希望的

英语常见前缀后缀

英语单词中常见前缀(prefix)和后缀(suffix)大总结 ★1.表示否定意义的前缀 1) 纯否定前缀 a-, an-, asymmetry(不对称), asexual, amoral dis- dishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il-, im-, ir-, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular ne-, n-, none, neither, never non-, nonsense neg-, neglect un- unable, unemployment 2)表示错误的意义 male-, mal- malfunction, maladjustment(失调,不适应) mis- mistake, mislead, misunderstanding pseudo- pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience 3)表示相反动作的意思 de- defend , decompose dis- disarm, disconnect un-, unload, uncover 4)表示相反,相互对立意思

anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeign,(排外的) contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction counter-, counterreaction, counterbalance ob-, oc-, of-, op- object, oppose, occupy with- withdraw, withstand ★2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀 1)a- 表示“在……之上”,“向……” aboard, aside, 2)by- 表示“附近,邻近,边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路) 3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围,环绕,回转” circumstance, circus 4)de-, 表示“在下,向下” descend, degrade 5)en-, 表示“在,进入” encage, encamp 6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部,外” exit, expand, export 7)extra-, 表示“额外” extraction (提取) 8)fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foreground

英文否定前缀总结

常用英语单词前缀大全(否定前缀篇) im-加在字母m,b,p之前 impossible(不顺能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻) in-加在形容词,名词之前 incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的) ir-加在以r开头的词前 irregular(不稳定的),irresistable(不可抵抗的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的) un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前 unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)unemployment(失业) 还有一些前缀的规则: non-加在形容词,名词前 non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非电的) 8.mis-加在动词、名词之前 misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导),misfortune(不幸) 9.dis-加地动词之前 disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系) 10.de-加在名词,形容词之前 demobilize(遣散;使…复员) decolor (脱色,漂白)

11.anti-加在名词、形容词之前 anti-Japanese(抗日战争),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidite(解毒药)12.counter-加在名词、动词前 counterattack(反攻,反击),counteract(抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution(反革命) dis(not, the opposite of) disadvantage, dislike, disagree, disappear, disarm, disaster, disastrous, disap point, disable, disability, discharge, disclose, discount, discourage, discove r, discovery, discrepancy, disease, disgrace, disguise, disgust, dishonor, dish onest, dislike, dismay, disorder, dispatch, disperse, displace, displacement, d isplease, disregard, dissatisfy, distort , distract, disintegrate, isparage, di spassion, disproportionate 2) in- (not, in, into) inability, incorrect, inability, incapable, indirect, inhuman, injustice, infor mal, inside, include, inclusive, income, increase, increasingly, incredible, in definite, independence, independent, indifferent, indirect, indispensable, indi vidual, indoor, inertia , inevitable, infamous , infinite, inhabit , inhabitan t, inherent , inject, inland , inlet , inner, innocent, innumerable , input, in quire, inquiry, insane, insensitive, insert, inside, insight, insist, inspect, inspiration , inspire, install, installation, installment , instance, instant, instinct, insulate , intense, interior, internal, into, intrinsic, invade, inva lid , invaluable , invariably , invasion, invert , investigate, invisible, invo lve, inward, incomplete, indecisive, inedible, inept, inevitably, infection, in firm, injection, innate, insatiable, insecurity, insider, insidious 3) im- (not, in, into) impossible, imbalance, immature, immoral, impatient, implicit , impress, impression, import, immigrate, imprison, immerse 4) il- (not) illegal, illiterate, illogical ir- (not) irregular, irresponsible, irrespective 5) un- (not) unable, uncover, undo, undoubtedly, undress , uneasy, unemployment , unexpecte d, unfold , unfortunately, unimportant, unlike, unload, unusual, unaware, enlig

常见英语前后缀汇总

常见英语前缀 a-/an-==no;without;lack,amateur不熟练的,业余的,anonymous匿名的,asocial不好社交的,anechoic消声的,anharmonic不和谐的,anarchism无政府主义,acentric无中心的,amoral非道德性的,asexual无性别的 a-==in;on;at;by;with;to,asleep在熟睡中,ahead向前,在前头,abreast肩并肩地,aside在一边,abed 在床上,abloom开花 a-/an-==加强意义,aloud高声地,aright正确地,awake唤醒,aweary疲倦的,annotate注释,announce宣布,通告 ab-==from;awayfrom,abnormal不正常的,abroad国外的,abuse滥用,absorb吸去,abaxial离开轴心的,abend异常终止 ac-==at;to,或表示加强意义,accustom使习惯,account计算,算帐,accredit信任,accompany陪伴,acclaim欢呼,喝彩,accomplish完成 ad-==to;toward;forward,advice建议,advocate倡导,adjoin临近adjust调整,admixture混杂,adventure冒险 af-==at;to,或表示加强意义,affright震惊,恐惧,affix附加,贴上,affirm肯定,确实 ag-==at;to,或表示加强意义,aggrandize增大,aggravate加重,aggrieve使悲痛 amphi-==两、双,amphicar水陆两用车,amphibian水陆两栖的,amphitheatre两边都可观看的剧场,圆形剧场 ante-==before,antecedent先前的,先行的,antetype先型,原型,anteport前港,外港,anteroom 前室,接待室,antedate比实际早的日期,antestomach前胃 anti-==against,antipathy反感,antifreeze防冻,antiwar反战的,anti-imperlialist反帝的,antiageing 防衰老的,antitank反坦克 ap-==加强或引伸意义,appoint指定,任命,appraise评价,appease平息,绥靖 ap-/apo-==离开,apogee远地点(远离地球之处),apostasy脱党,叛教,aphelion(天文)远日点 ar-==at;to,或表示加强及引伸意义,arrange安排,布置,arrect直立的,arrear在后,拖延 arch-==1)big;chief.2)ancient,archbishop大主教,archaeology考古学,archaic古体的,古风的as==to;forward,assign派出,assent同意,assort分类,assimilate同化,吸收,assure使确信,担保,associate联合,结合 at-==at;to,或表示加强及引伸意义,attrap使入陷阱,attest证明,attract吸引 auto-==self;personally,automation自动化,autograph亲笔,autoalarm自动报警器,autocriticism自我批评,autorotation自动旋转,autobiography自传 be-==makeorcausetobe,befog使迷糊,befit适宜,belittle贬低,befriend以朋友相待,becalm使镇静,befool欺骗,愚弄 be-==加以...,饰以...,用...(做某事),bepowder在...上撒粉,bejewel饰以珠宝,becloud遮蔽 be-==在,beside在...旁,below在...下面,before在...之前 be-==加强及引伸意义,befall降临,发生,bespatter溅污,belaud大加赞扬 bene-==well;good,benign和善的,benevolent乐善好施的,benefit好处,benediction祝福,benefaction恩惠,善行,beneficent行善的 bi-==two,bicycle自行车,bilateral双方,bimonthly双月刊,biweekly双周刊,bicolor两色的,bilingual两种语言的 by-==旁、侧、非正式、副,byroad小路,僻径,bywork业余工作,byname别名,绰号 circu-==around,circulate流通,circumnavigate环球航行,circumspect考虑周到的,circumplanetary 环绕行星的,circumpolar在两极周围的,circumaviate环球飞行

表示否定意义的前缀

英文中表否定前缀的不同用法 (2008-12-29 18:36:58) How are these prefix(un-, in-(ir-,il-,im-), non-, dis-, a-,etc. )different in actual usage? un-1 1(added to adjectives, participles, and their derivatives) denoting the absence of a quality or state; not 用于形容词、分词及其派生词前]表示“否”,“非” unabashed.不害臊的; 公然的 unacademic. unrepeatable. 2 the reverse of (usually with an implication of approval or disapproval, or with another special connotation). 表示“相反”,“对立” unselfish. unprepossessing.不吸引人的,不妩媚的 unworldly.不谙世故的, 不善于处世的 3 (added to nouns) a lack of [用于名词前]表示“缺少” unrest.动乱, 骚乱, 不安宁 untruth.谎言 un-2 4 added to verbs 动词前缀denoting the reversal or cancellation of an action or state 表示“做相反的动作”或“取消” untie.松开, 解开 unsettle.扰乱, 使不安宁 5 denoting deprivation, separation, or reduction to a lesser state 表示“免去”,“剥夺”,“使降级” unmask.除去(某人的)面具;使(某人或某事)露出真相; 揭露 unman.使失去男子气质,阉割,使怯懦,使气馁 6 denoting release. 表示“除去”,“使自由” unburden.卸去负荷;吐露心事, 消除(思想、心灵上的)负担 unhand.将…放掉,把手从…移开 in-1 1(added to adjectives) not 形容词前]表示"不" infertile.不能生育的;贫瘠的 inapt.不恰当的;不熟练的 2(added to nouns) without; a lack of 加在名词前]表示"无","缺" inappreciation.不欣赏,不正确评价 in-2 3 in; into; towards; within 表示"在里","入内","朝","内" induce.引诱, 劝导 influx.大量涌入 inborn.天生的, 先天的, 固有的 *用法:In- is also found assimilated in the following forms: il- before l; im- before b, m, p; ir- before r. e.g. illegal; imbalance; immature; impatient; irreconcilable non- 1 not doing; not involved with 表示“不”,“非” non-aggression.不侵犯,不侵略 non-recognition.不承认 2 not of the kind or class described 表示“非” non-believer.没有信仰的人,不信上帝的人 nonconformist.不信奉英国国教的新教教徒;不墨守成规者 also forming nouns used attributively (such as non-union in non-union miners). [也构成用作修饰语的名词]表示“非”(如non-union miners中的non-union) 3 not of the importance implied 表示“不重要的” non-issue.不成问题的问题 a lack of 表示“无” non-aggression. 4 (added to adverbs) not in the way described[与副词组合]表示“非” non-uniformly.不一致地,不均匀地 5 (added to verbs to form adjectives) not causing or requiring[与动词组合构成形容词]表示“不致”;“无需” non-skid.防滑的,不滑的 non-iron.(洗后)免熨的 expressing a neutral negative sense when a corresponding form beginning with in- or un- has a special connotation (such as non-human compared with inhuman) [当相应的以in-或un-开头的否定形式带有特殊含义时,用以表示中性否定]表示“非”(如non-human非人类的,不属于人类的,比较inhuman无人性的;冷漠的) *用法: The prefixes un- and non- both mean …not?, but there is often a distinction in terms of emphasis. un- tends to be

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